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245:– serves as primary reference by providing guidance information to the astronauts. The orbit parameters are determined by the ground tracking which are then sent to the spacecraft; the guidance computer was responsible for processing the information along with sensed spacecraft attitude. The information was presented to the astronauts in terms of spacecraft coordinates.
235:– gives the astronauts the capacity to navigate, allowing them to choose a safe landing spot in an emergency and calculate the timing of retrofire (on extended missions ground data may become unavailable when ground data network rotates out of the
481:
145:
Modular
Display Keyboard (MDK), Modular Display Readout (MDR), Attitude Control and Maneuver Electronics (ACME), Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Horizon Sensors, Time Reference System (TRS)
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265:, in particular in the instruction set; however its circuit integration was less advanced. The GGC weighed 58.98 pounds (26.75 kg) and was powered by 28V
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251:– feeds commands directly to the reentry control system for automatic reentry or provides the guidance information to the astronauts for manual reentry.
863:
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8. J. C. Hundley and R. A. Watson, "A Digital
Computer in Orbital Flight," TR 63-825-892, IBM Federal Systems Division, Owego, New York, October 1964.
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191:, America's second human spaceflight project. The computer, which facilitated the control of mission maneuvers, was designed by the
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7.143 kilohertz clock (140 ÎĽs per instruction); all instructions took a single cycle except for multiplication and division
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18.9 in Ă— 14.5 in Ă— 12.75 in (48.0 cm Ă— 36.8 cm Ă— 32.4 cm) (H)Ă—(W)Ă—(D)
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was controlled by computers on Earth. The Gemini
Guidance Computer was responsible for the following functions:
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McDonnell
Corporation, NASA Project Gemini Familiarization Manual, 1965, vol. 2, pp. 8.7,8.45.
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269:. During a short power outage it could be powered by the Auxiliary Computer Power Unit (ACPU)
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Tomayko, James E. (1988). "The Gemini
Digital Computer: First Machine in Orbit".
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379:. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
2931:
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1999:
1589:
480:, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the
401:"Gemini Spacecraft Computer (OBC): Layout of Memory Words"
1519:
1509:
229:. The switchover is manually controlled by the astronauts
860:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 19
137:, 4,096 words of memory, in a ferrite core array.
3021:
261:The computer was architecturally similar to the
1092:
968:
507:
437:Computers in Spaceflight: The NASA Experience
395:
393:
376:Computers in Spaceflight: The NASA Experience
214:was the first with an on-board computer, as
133:39-bit words memory, each composed of three
2097:Computer performance by orders of magnitude
1106:
1099:
1085:
975:
961:
514:
500:
390:
33:
454:Gemini Spacecraft On-Board Computer (OBC)
347:
345:
202:
372:
319:
207:Locations of the Gemini Guidance System
14:
3022:
982:
488:. All relevant terms must be followed.
425:LVDC board reverse engineering project
263:Saturn Launch Vehicle Digital Computer
1080:
956:
824:Orbit Attitude and Maneuvering System
495:
359:
357:
342:
275:words memory, each composed of three
2068:Floating-point operations per second
889:Military Orbital Development System
287:Two's complement integer arithmetic
173:Gemini Spacecraft On-Board Computer
24:
18:Gemini Spacecraft On-Board Computer
521:
354:
25:
3056:
3045:Spacecraft navigation instruments
474:, this article uses content from
447:
2994:Semiconductor device fabrication
1063:
1062:
622:
336:"The Gemini Spacecraft Computer"
320:Tomayko, James E. (March 1988).
198:
2969:History of general-purpose CPUs
1196:Nondeterministic Turing machine
1052:Universal Space Guidance System
1047:Launch Vehicle Digital Computer
407:from the original on 2016-05-28
1149:Deterministic finite automaton
429:
418:
366:
328:
313:
13:
1:
1940:Simultaneous and heterogenous
306:
153:58.98 lb (26.75 kg)
41:National Air and Space Museum
2624:Integrated memory controller
2606:Translation lookaside buffer
1805:Memory dependence prediction
1248:Random-access stored program
1201:Probabilistic Turing machine
996:Apollo Abort Guidance System
937:Rendezvous Docking Simulator
193:IBM Federal Systems Division
62:IBM Federal Systems Division
52:IBM Federal Systems Division
39:Gemini Guidance Computer in
7:
2080:Synaptic updates per second
1068:Category:Guidance computers
932:Manned Space Flight Network
294:
91:; 58 years ago
73:; 59 years ago
10:
3061:
2484:Heterogeneous architecture
1406:Orthogonal instruction set
1176:Alternating Turing machine
1164:Quantum cellular automaton
894:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
477:"Gemini Guidance Computer"
464:IBM and the Gemini Program
2974:Microprocessor chronology
2961:
2937:Dynamic frequency scaling
2910:
2846:
2784:
2738:
2690:
2645:
2565:
2492:
2461:
2366:
2287:
2251:
2205:
2105:
2092:Cache performance metrics
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1965:
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67:
57:
47:
32:
2989:Hardware security module
2332:Digital signal processor
2309:Graphics processing unit
2121:Graphics processing unit
1006:Gemini Guidance Computer
1001:Apollo Guidance Computer
834:Gemini Guidance Computer
301:Apollo Guidance Computer
255:
169:Gemini Guidance Computer
28:Gemini Guidance Computer
2942:Dynamic voltage scaling
2725:Memory address register
2619:Branch target predictor
2583:Address generation unit
2326:Physics processing unit
2115:Central processing unit
2074:Transactions per second
2062:Instructions per second
1985:Array processing (SIMT)
1129:Stored-program computer
459:Gemini Program Overview
3040:IBM avionics computers
2748:Hardwired control unit
2630:Memory management unit
2595:Memory management unit
2344:Secure cryptoprocessor
2338:Tensor Processing Unit
2320:Vision processing unit
2054:Cycles per instruction
2048:Instructions per cycle
1995:Associative processing
1686:Instruction pipelining
1108:Processor technologies
208:
2831:Sum-addressed decoder
2577:Arithmetic logic unit
1704:Classic RISC pipeline
1658:Epiphany architecture
1505:Motorola 68000 series
284:memory of 4,096 words
225:– serves as a backup
206:
125:7.143 kilohertz clock
2952:Performance per watt
2530:replacement policies
2196:Package on a package
2086:Performance per watt
1990:Pipelined processing
1760:Tomasulo's algorithm
1565:Clipper architecture
1421:Application-specific
1134:Finite-state machine
989:On crewed spacecraft
942:1966 NASA T-38 crash
839:Agena target vehicle
484:, but not under the
117:Discrete Components
2984:Digital electronics
2637:Instruction decoder
2589:Floating-point unit
2243:Soft microprocessor
2190:System in a package
1765:Reservation station
1295:Transport-triggered
29:
3035:Guidance computers
2856:Integrated circuit
2700:Processor register
2354:Baseband processor
1699:Operand forwarding
1159:Cellular automaton
1025:On launch vehicles
983:Guidance computers
209:
27:
3017:
3016:
2906:
2905:
2525:Instruction cache
2515:Scratchpad memory
2362:
2361:
2349:Network processor
2278:Network on a chip
2233:Ultra-low-voltage
2184:Multi-chip module
2027:
2026:
1813:
1812:
1800:Branch prediction
1777:Register renaming
1671:
1670:
1653:VISC architecture
1475:Quantum computing
1470:VISC architecture
1352:Secondary storage
1268:Microarchitecture
1228:Register machines
1074:
1073:
950:
949:
864:Launch Complex 14
844:Gemini space suit
812:Gemini spacecraft
793:(command pilot),
777:(command pilot),
761:(command pilot),
745:(command pilot),
729:(command pilot),
713:(command pilot),
697:(command pilot),
681:(command pilot),
665:(command pilot),
649:(command pilot),
618:
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109:Guidance Computer
16:(Redirected from
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2979:Processor design
2871:Power management
2753:Instruction unit
2614:Branch predictor
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2562:
2261:System on a chip
2203:
2202:
2043:Transistor count
1967:Flynn's taxonomy
1824:
1823:
1682:
1681:
1485:Addressing modes
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1342:Memory hierarchy
1206:Hypercomputation
1124:Abstract machine
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135:13-bit syllables
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2999:Tick–tock model
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2826:Address decoder
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2730:Program counter
2705:Status register
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2601:Load–store unit
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2315:Image processor
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2223:Microcontroller
2213:Embedded system
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1770:Re-order buffer
1741:
1722:Data dependency
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1389:Instruction set
1383:
1369:Multiprocessing
1337:Cache hierarchy
1330:Register/memory
1254:
1154:Queue automaton
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1032:ATHENA computer
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922:Charles Bassett
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880:Advanced Gemini
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763:Michael Collins
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2304:AI accelerator
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2267:Multiprocessor
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679:Gordon Cooper
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440:, chapter one
439:
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237:orbital plane
234:
231:
228:
224:
221:
220:
219:
217:
213:
205:
199:Functionality
196:
194:
190:
187:designed for
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
160:
156:
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148:
144:
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88:
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70:
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63:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
42:
36:
31:
19:
3009:Chip carrier
2947:Clock gating
2866:Mixed-signal
2763:Write buffer
2740:Control unit
2552:Clock signal
2291:accelerators
2273:Cypress PSoC
1930:Simultaneous
1747:Out-of-order
1379:Neuromorphic
1260:Architecture
1218:Belt machine
1211:Zeno machine
1144:Hierarchical
1005:
873:Developments
853:Launch sites
833:
829:Titan rocket
784:
768:
752:
743:Tom Stafford
736:
720:
715:Tom Stafford
704:
695:Frank Borman
688:
672:
656:
640:
479:
469:
468:
436:
431:
420:
409:. Retrieved
381:. Retrieved
375:
368:
330:
315:
282:Ferrite core
248:
242:
232:
222:
210:
176:
172:
168:
166:
86:Discontinued
58:Manufacturer
2794:Multiplexer
2758:Data buffer
2469:Single-core
2441:bit slicing
2299:Coprocessor
2154:Coprocessor
2035:performance
1957:Cooperative
1947:Speculative
1907:Distributed
1866:Superscalar
1851:Instruction
1819:Parallelism
1792:Speculative
1624:System/3x0
1496:Instruction
1273:Von Neumann
1186:Post–Turing
885:Blue Gemini
795:Buzz Aldrin
775:Pete Conrad
747:Gene Cernan
731:David Scott
683:Pete Conrad
647:Gus Grissom
243:Rendezvous
171:(sometimes
48:Invented by
3024:Categories
2914:management
2809:Multiplier
2670:Logic gate
2660:Sequential
2567:Functional
2547:Clock rate
2520:Data cache
2493:Components
2474:Multi-core
2462:Core count
1952:Preemptive
1856:Pipelining
1839:Bit-serial
1782:Wide-issue
1727:Structural
1649:Tilera ISA
1615:MicroBlaze
1585:ETRAX CRIS
1480:Comparison
1325:Load–store
1305:Endianness
1016:IBM AP-101
927:Elliot See
906:Big Gemini
805:Components
791:Jim Lovell
759:John Young
699:Jim Lovell
651:John Young
633:Astronauts
411:2016-05-28
383:2015-01-04
307:References
158:Dimensions
68:Introduced
2848:Circuitry
2768:Microcode
2692:Registers
2535:coherence
2510:CPU cache
2368:Word size
2033:Processor
1677:Execution
1580:DEC Alpha
1558:Power ISA
1374:Cognitive
1181:Universal
786:Gemini 12
770:Gemini 11
754:Gemini 10
738:Gemini 9A
706:Gemini 6A
472:this edit
403:. 2016 .
179:)) was a
122:Frequency
114:Processor
2786:Datapath
2479:Manycore
2451:variable
2289:Hardware
1925:Temporal
1605:OpenRISC
1300:Cellular
1290:Dataflow
1283:modified
1011:IBM TC-1
899:OPS 0855
722:Gemini 8
690:Gemini 7
674:Gemini 5
667:Ed White
658:Gemini 4
642:Gemini 3
565:Gemini 3
544:Gemini 1
537:Uncrewed
530:Missions
405:Archived
295:See also
249:Reentry
107:Avionics
2962:Related
2893:Quantum
2883:Digital
2878:Boolean
2776:Counter
2675:Quantum
2436:512-bit
2431:256-bit
2426:128-bit
2269:(MPSoC)
2254:on chip
2252:Systems
2070:(FLOPS)
1883:Process
1732:Control
1714:Hazards
1600:Itanium
1595:Unicore
1553:PowerPC
1278:Harvard
1238:Pointer
1233:Counter
1191:Quantum
915:Related
797:(pilot)
781:(pilot)
765:(pilot)
749:(pilot)
733:(pilot)
717:(pilot)
701:(pilot)
685:(pilot)
669:(pilot)
653:(pilot)
322:"Ch1-2"
223:Ascent
181:digital
94: (
76: (
2898:Switch
2888:Analog
2626:(IMC)
2597:(MMU)
2446:others
2421:64-bit
2416:48-bit
2411:32-bit
2406:24-bit
2401:16-bit
2396:15-bit
2391:12-bit
2228:Mobile
2144:Stream
2139:Barrel
2134:Vector
2123:(GPU)
2082:(SUPS)
2050:(IPC)
1902:Memory
1895:Vector
1878:Thread
1861:Scalar
1663:Others
1610:RISC-V
1575:SuperH
1544:Power
1540:MIPS-X
1515:PDP-11
1364:Fabric
1116:Models
1037:ASC-15
558:Crewed
470:As of
273:39-bit
150:Weight
130:Memory
2954:(PPW)
2912:Power
2804:Adder
2680:Array
2647:Logic
2608:(TLB)
2591:(FPU)
2585:(AGU)
2579:(ALU)
2569:units
2505:Cache
2386:8-bit
2381:4-bit
2376:1-bit
2340:(TPU)
2334:(DSP)
2328:(PPU)
2322:(VPU)
2311:(GPU)
2280:(NoC)
2263:(SoC)
2198:(PoP)
2192:(SiP)
2186:(MCM)
2127:GPGPU
2117:(CPU)
2107:Types
2088:(PPW)
2076:(TPS)
2064:(IPS)
2056:(CPI)
1827:Level
1638:S/390
1633:S/370
1628:S/360
1570:SPARC
1548:POWER
1431:TRIPS
1399:Types
256:Specs
142:Ports
2932:ACPI
2665:Glue
2557:FIFO
2500:Core
2238:ASIP
2179:CPLD
2174:FPOA
2169:FPGA
2164:ASIC
2017:SPMD
2012:MIMD
2007:MISD
2000:SWAR
1980:SIMD
1975:SISD
1890:Data
1873:Task
1844:Word
1590:M32R
1535:MIPS
1498:sets
1465:ZISC
1460:NISC
1455:OISC
1450:MISC
1443:EPIC
1438:VLIW
1426:EDGE
1416:RISC
1411:CISC
1320:HUMA
1315:NUMA
1042:D-17
817:SC-2
486:GFDL
167:The
104:Type
96:1966
89:1966
78:1965
71:1965
2927:APM
2922:PMU
2814:CPU
2771:ROM
2542:Bus
2159:PAL
1834:Bit
1620:LMC
1525:ARM
1520:x86
1510:VAX
177:OBC
3026::
2861:3D
887:/
862:/
645::
610:12
605:11
600:10
595:9A
585:6A
392:^
356:^
344:^
267:DC
239:).
195:.
183:,
1100:e
1093:t
1086:v
976:e
969:t
962:v
788::
772::
756::
740::
724::
708::
692::
676::
660::
590:8
580:7
575:5
570:4
549:2
515:e
508:t
501:v
414:.
386:.
338:.
324:.
175:(
98:)
80:)
20:)
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