324:
292:(Sanskrit texts on architecture), but no similar Indian prototype is as yet known to establish a direct connection between the Hindu temples in India and those in central Java, including the Dieng group and the Gedong Songo. This has led to two major competing conjectures as to who built the original sets of temples in Java, and how did the systematic knowledge, schools and skill set to build ever more complex mega-temples emerge in Java. One hypothesis, supported by Jordaan, states that Indian artisans and architects were invited to Java, who then inspired the traditions and schools here. The other hypothesis, supported by Bosch, states that Javanese pilgrims went to India between the 7th and 8th-century, they saw the temples there and then created a version best suited to the materials and terrain in Java. It is unclear which of these, and other variant conjectures, may be true and the historic trajectory of the central Javanese temple architecture remains contested.
312:
372:
248:
232:, Gedong Songo was erected out of volcanic stone and the two complexes represent some of the oldest Hindu structures in Java. According to Vogler ā a scholar of Indonesian architecture and history, the Gedong Songo were built in the 9th century, about a hundred years after Phase III Javanese temples such as Candi Arjuna, Sewu, Semar, Lumbung and other temples. In contrast, Soekmono dates these to the 8th century and places the Dieng temples to the 7th century. Williams, Dumarcay and others place the Gedong Songo temples closer to 780ā830 CE. The Dieng and Gedong Songo temples are among the earliest phases of Hindu temples built on the Java island, they predate
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square sanctum, but the plinth base has been extended for a porch, which gives it a rectangular shape. The architects of the later groups of Gedong Songo temples explored a design beyond those found in Dieng group, and others such as Sewu, Srikandi, Puntadewa, Sambisari, and Ngawen where a porch was added by building a larger base.
217:(temple group) ā two on the east side of the hill, two towards the north and one to the west. These total nine temples, all dedicated to Shiva and Parvati. The Gedong Songo complex is one of 110 sites in central Java with Hindu temple structures or remains, and one of 21 in Semarang area, states Veronique Degroot.
288:-like experiments with Hindu temple architecture that is evident in the Dieng groups (Arjuna, Gatotkaca, Bima), became established in Gedong Songo as a Javanese style to inspire the numerous Hindu and Buddhist-Hindu temples that were thereafter built in central Java. The architecture and design follow the Indian
295:
The Gedong Songo temples and other regional Hindu-Buddhist temples near it were active in the 14th and 15th-century, as evidenced by an inscription dated 1382 CE discovered in this temples complex, as well as others in the region that date to 1449 and 1452 CE. However, it is unclear whether they were
468:
Degroot gives a list of temple sites and remains in central Java known as of 1972. This count partly consolidates the temple groups counted separately by Krom in early 20th-century, a pioneering survey sponsored in part by a Dutch initiative. If
Buddhist-Hindu structures in the region are included,
264:
shrine and a
Parvati shrine next to the Shiva shrine. Gedong Songo I is the oldest, with a square plan ā an architecture that is predominant in Hindu and Buddhist-Hindu sites of central Java. However, the Gedong Songo II through V temples are unusual and among the notable exceptions, as they have a
255:
The temples of Gedong Songo reflect a similar architecture to those on the Dieng
Plateau, though they have less variation in form than them. Gedong Songo displays more emphasis on plinth and cornice mouldings. At Gedong Songo 3, an entrance is outlined by a vestibule that is decorated by guardian
478:
These are not the oldest inscriptions here. The
Sojomerto inscription in early Javanese language (Old Malay) found here dates to 800ā825 CE. Nearby are Sanskrit inscriptions of Tuk Mas from mid-7th century, of Hampran from c. 750 CE near Salatiga, of Blado from mid-8th century as well near
323:
299:
The site was rediscovered by colonial era Dutch archaeologists during the 19th century. All temples then were badly damaged and ruins scattered around the hill. The Gedong Songo complex has been considerably restored in recent decades.
575:
Veronique
Degroot (1972), Candi Space and Landscape: A Study of the Distribution, Orientation and Spatial Organization of Central Javanese Temple Remains, Geboren te Charleroi Belgie, Leiden University, p. 39ā40, 63ā70; maps pp.
668:
Veronique
Degroot (1972), Candi Space and Landscape: A Study of the Distribution, Orientation and Spatial Organization of Central Javanese Temple Remains, Geboren te Charleroi Belgie, Leiden University, p. 67ā70, with footnote
658:
Veronique
Degroot (1972), Candi Space and Landscape: A Study of the Distribution, Orientation and Spatial Organization of Central Javanese Temple Remains, Geboren te Charleroi Belgie, Leiden University, p. 67ā70, with footnote
555:
Veronique
Degroot (1972), Candi Space and Landscape: A Study of the Distribution, Orientation and Spatial Organization of Central Javanese Temple Remains, Geboren te Charleroi Belgie, Leiden University, p. 34 footnote
624:
Veronique
Degroot (1972), Candi Space and Landscape: A Study of the Distribution, Orientation and Spatial Organization of Central Javanese Temple Remains, Geboren te Charleroi Belgie, Leiden University, Chapter
506:
Veronique
Degroot (1972), Candi Space and Landscape: A Study of the Distribution, Orientation and Spatial Organization of Central Javanese Temple Remains, Geboren te Charleroi Belgie, Leiden University, pp.
565:
Veronique Degroot (1972), Candi Space and Landscape: A Study of the Distribution, Orientation and Spatial Organization of Central Javanese Temple Remains, Geboren te Charleroi Belgie, Leiden University, p.
546:
Adi J. Mustafa, Fahmi Amhar (2009), Editors: E Stylianidis et al, CIPA Heritage Documentation Series 1, Internation Archives of the Photogrammetry, Volume XXXVIII, Issue 5/C19, ISPRS, pp. 79ā81
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213:. It is variously dated between the 8th and 9th-century. Built around a 1,270 metres (4,170 ft) hill near Mount Ungaran, it consist of five
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Gedong Songo temples, nevertheless, use the square principle, including the vertical direction. The cella are cubes (
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Earthenware in Southeast Asia: Proceedings of the Singapore Symposium on Premodern Southeast Asian Earthenwares
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If the temples below the hill are included, the Gedong Songo consist of seven temple groups.
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active continuously, or periodically re-occupied between the 8th and 15th-centuries.
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Video of the temple, commentary in Indonesian, You tube, 6 mins
281:
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4221:
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3241:
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3043:
3021:
1857:
1727:
1562:
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257:
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The site was originally built during the early period of the
61:
56:
4267:
4196:
4178:
4126:
3910:
3854:
3814:
3774:
3757:
3742:
3707:
3136:
3048:
1995:
1607:
1507:
1048:
940:
890:
87:
684:
The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to its Meaning and Forms
2940:
329:
1921 photo of Temple III group ruins, before restoration
3001:
526:. National University of Singapore Press. p. 140.
317:
Floor plan of Gedong Songo-I, one of the nine temples
744:
639:āThe Construction Geometry of Early Javanese Temples
422:
33:
A view of three of the temples and the scenery below
3202:
686:, pp. 160ā161, University of Chicago Press,
4574:Cultural Properties of Indonesia in Central Java
4545:
704:Simplified infographic video showing the layout
1705:
240:, and show considerable influence from Indian
2924:
2046:
1691:
730:
2931:
2917:
2053:
2039:
1698:
1684:
737:
723:
27:
633:
631:
584:
582:
502:
500:
498:
496:
4569:Buildings and structures in Central Java
601:The Javanese Candi: Function and Meaning
597:
469:the count would be significantly higher.
246:
1350:Bantimurung ā Bulusaraung National Park
926:Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
4546:
2060:
637:David Beynon and Sambit Datta (2013),
628:
579:
516:
493:
2912:
2034:
1679:
718:
256:figures. Gedong Songo III is also a
116:
4528:
1355:Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park
1287:Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park
1034:Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
806:Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
13:
2112:French and British era (1806ā1816)
251:Ganesha relief at Gedong Songo III
14:
4585:
4564:Archaeological sites in Indonesia
1951:Pura Parahyangan Agung Jagatkarta
1385:Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park
1119:Mount Halimun Salak National Park
1099:Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
697:
260:temple, one paired with a facing
224:of Central Java. Similar to the
4527:
4517:
4508:
4507:
4496:
3201:
2947:
2939:
1660:Teluk Cenderawasih National Park
425:
406:
394:
382:
370:
358:
346:
334:
322:
310:
115:
108:
4497:
2132:Liberal democracy era (1950ā59)
676:
662:
652:
618:
591:
472:
4422:Relations with other religions
2400:People's Consultative Assembly
1588:Taman Werdhi Budaya Art Centre
1370:Kepulauan Togean National Park
569:
559:
549:
540:
510:
462:
453:
1:
2142:Transitional period (1965ā66)
2127:National Revolution (1945ā49)
2122:Japanese occupation (1942ā45)
2117:Dutch East Indies (1800ā1942)
2009:Shri Sanathana Dharma Aalayam
1004:Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
486:
1901:Pura Dalem Agung Padangtegal
1483:Gunung Rinjani National Park
1390:Taka Bone Rate National Park
1365:Gandang Dewata National Park
1297:Danau Sentarum National Park
1282:Betung Kerihun National Park
831:Kerinci Seblat National Park
7:
2508:Water supply and sanitation
1438:Bali Safari and Marine Park
1059:Jalesveva Jayamahe Monument
604:. BRILL. pp. 104ā122.
418:
10:
4590:
4559:Hindu temples in Indonesia
2137:Guided Democracy (1959ā65)
2102:Portuguese era (1512ā1605)
2013:Sri Sithi Vinayagar Temple
1707:Hindu temples in Indonesia
1292:Baning Nature Tourist Park
1224:Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
1209:Sukorambi Botanical Garden
303:
4494:
4321:
4286:
4112:
4047:
3954:
3881:
3874:
3773:
3676:
3667:
3575:
3461:
3418:
3385:
3303:
3277:
3249:
3240:
3219:
3210:
3199:
3118:
2987:
2978:
2957:
2860:
2774:
2709:
2567:
2529:
2520:
2448:
2439:
2304:
2295:
2251:Provincial highest points
2172:
2163:
2072:
1994:
1881:
1713:
1626:
1413:
1340:
1267:
1259:Ujung Kulon National Park
1109:Meru Betiri National Park
1069:Karimunjawa National Park
939:
776:Baiturrahman Grand Mosque
756:
682:Michell, George, (1977),
242:Hindu temple architecture
176:
171:
132:
103:
93:
83:
72:
67:
55:
43:
38:
26:
21:
16:Hindu temple in Indonesia
3566:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
2309:Administrative divisions
1380:Lore Lindu National Park
949:Alas Purwo National Park
931:Way Kambas National Park
876:Mentawai Islands Regency
821:Gunongan Historical Park
446:
201:located near Bandungan,
3645:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
1906:Pura Dalem Segara Madhu
156:7.208500Ā°S 110.341778Ā°E
3620:Eighteen Greater Texts
2483:Science and technology
2324:Regencies & Cities
1405:Wakatobi National Park
1317:Sabangau National Park
1014:Dieng Volcanic Complex
377:Entrance to Temple III
252:
194:
134:Geographic coordinates
4373:Hindu gurus and sants
3625:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2092:Hinduism-Buddhism era
2020:Palani Andawer Temple
1981:Pura Ulun Danu Bratan
1645:Lorentz National Park
1400:Trans Studio Makassar
1360:Bunaken National Park
969:Baluran National Park
598:Soekmono, R. (1995).
250:
161:-7.208500; 110.341778
4363:Anti-Hindu sentiment
2226:Environmental issues
2004:Sri Mariamman Temple
1976:Pura Ulun Danu Batur
1931:Pura Lempuyang Luhur
1503:Komodo National Park
1458:Garuda Wisnu Kencana
1415:Lesser Sunda Islands
1332:The Equator monument
866:Lumbini Natural Park
816:East Lampung Regency
4469:Hinduism by country
3635:Iraiyanar Akapporul
3595:TirumurukÄį¹į¹uppaį¹ai
2147:New Order (1966ā98)
2107:VOC era (1603ā1800)
1936:Pura Luhur Batukaru
1665:Wasur National Park
1312:Kutai National Park
1239:Tirto Samodra Beach
1089:Keraton Kacirebonan
786:Bandar Lampung City
766:Aceh Tsunami Museum
746:Tourist attractions
152: /
2493:Telecommunications
2204:Biosphere reserves
1946:Pura Meduwe Karang
1911:Pura Gede Perancak
1655:Raja Ampat Islands
1613:Ujung Water Palace
1277:Beras Basah Island
1044:House of Sampoerna
974:Banyuwangi Regency
441:Candi of Indonesia
253:
195:Candi Gedong Songo
4541:
4540:
4317:
4316:
3870:
3869:
3663:
3662:
3577:Sangam literature
3533:YÄjƱavalkya Smį¹ti
3381:
3380:
3197:
3196:
2906:
2905:
2856:
2855:
2544:Human trafficking
2516:
2515:
2435:
2434:
2426:Wawasan Nusantara
2410:Political parties
2351:Foreign relations
2291:
2290:
2028:
2027:
1891:Pura Beji Sangsit
1673:
1672:
1204:Sidoarjo mud flow
1084:Keraton Kasepuhan
896:Pagaruyung Palace
706:, YouTube, 3 mins
692:978-0-226-53230-1
647:978-0-9876055-0-4
611:978-90-04-10215-6
533:978-9971-69-271-1
184:
183:
124:Shown within Java
4581:
4554:Semarang Regency
4531:
4530:
4521:
4511:
4510:
4500:
4499:
4410:Pilgrimage sites
4164:Ganesh Chaturthi
3879:
3878:
3674:
3673:
3655:Vedarthasamgraha
3650:Vinayagar Agaval
3615:Five Great Epics
3590:Divya Prabandham
3503:Minor Upanishads
3247:
3246:
3217:
3216:
3205:
3204:
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2388:National capital
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2055:
2048:
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2016:Sri Shiva Temple
1971:Pura Tirta Empul
1956:Pura Rambut Siwi
1700:
1693:
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1513:Lake Segara Anak
1234:Thousand Islands
1229:Tangkuban Perahu
1029:Gembira Loka Zoo
901:Penyengat Island
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4207:Pahela Baishakh
4189:Makar Sankranti
4108:
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3640:Abhirami Antati
3610:Kamba Ramayanam
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3177:Vishishtadvaita
3114:
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2879:
2872:
2865:
2852:
2843:Personification
2770:
2705:
2686:Public holidays
2671:National heroes
2563:
2512:
2431:
2287:
2256:Natural history
2159:
2097:Spread of Islam
2068:
2059:
2029:
2024:
1990:
1961:Pura Taman Ayun
1877:
1709:
1704:
1674:
1669:
1622:
1598:Tanjung Ringgit
1453:Dreamland Beach
1409:
1336:
1322:Samboja Lestari
1302:Derawan Islands
1263:
1254:Yogyakarta City
1219:Suramadu Bridge
1154:Patenggang Lake
1094:Keraton Kanoman
1079:Kenjeran Bridge
1064:Jawa Timur Park
1054:Istiqlal Mosque
1039:Heroes Monument
964:Arjuno-Welirang
954:Ancol Dreamland
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3220:Classification
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2828:Floral emblems
2825:
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2813:
2811:Faunal emblems
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2791:
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2495:
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2488:Stock Exchange
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2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2209:National parks
2206:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2192:Climate change
2184:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2149:
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2139:
2134:
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2119:
2114:
2109:
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2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2035:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1966:Pura Tanah Lot
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:Pura Maospahit
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:Pura Goa Lawah
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1778:Gunung Gangsir
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1553:Nusa Lembongan
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1495:
1490:
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1480:
1475:
1473:Gili Trawangan
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
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1445:
1440:
1435:
1433:Bali Bird Park
1430:
1425:
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1327:Tanjung Puting
1324:
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1299:
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945:
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936:
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928:
923:
918:
916:Samosir Island
913:
908:
906:Pugung Raharjo
903:
898:
893:
888:
886:Mursala Island
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
856:Lake Singkarak
853:
848:
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698:External links
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413:Gedong Songo V
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4474:Hindu temples
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4378:Hindu studies
4376:
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4348:Denominations
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4157:Vijayadashami
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4017:
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4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
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3977:
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3974:Simantonayana
3972:
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1159:Palabuhanratu
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1139:Museum Angkut
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1009:Cukang Taneuh
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
999:Cemoro Lawang
997:
995:
992:
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987:
985:
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904:
902:
899:
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889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
871:Maimun Palace
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
851:Lake Maninjau
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
801:Bintan Island
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
781:Bagansiapiapi
779:
777:
774:
772:
771:Ampera Bridge
769:
767:
764:
763:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
721:
720:
717:
711:
708:
705:
702:
701:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:
665:
655:
649:, pp. 337ā338
648:
644:
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621:
613:
607:
603:
602:
594:
585:
583:
572:
562:
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385:
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368:
361:
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349:
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337:
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308:
307:
301:
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293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
263:
259:
249:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:Dieng Plateau
227:
226:Dieng temples
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
199:Hindu temples
196:
192:
188:
179:
175:
170:
165:
147:110Ā°20ā²30.4ā³E
137:
135:
131:
111:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71:
66:
63:
60:
58:
54:
51:
48:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
4484:Architecture
4087:Brahmacharya
4029:Samavartanam
3994:Annaprashana
3860:
3763:
3564:
3518:DharmaÅÄstra
3508:Arthashastra
3343:Maitrayaniya
3175:
3168:
3161:
3083:Brahmacharya
2741:Homelessness
2711:Demographics
2651:Martial arts
2596:
2577:Architecture
2554:Prostitution
2424:
2392:
2356:Human rights
2341:Constitution
2199:Conservation
2155:(since 1998)
2152:
1986:Pura Uluwatu
1896:Pura Besakih
1783:Gunung Wukir
1773:Gedong Songo
1772:
1640:Fort Belgica
1603:Tirta Gangga
1583:Tampaksiring
1518:Lovina Beach
1214:Surabaya Zoo
1199:Sempu island
1184:Ranu Kumbolo
1129:Mount Semeru
1124:Mount Merapi
989:Bogor Palace
841:Lagundri Bay
811:Bukit Lawang
683:
677:Bibliography
664:
654:
638:
620:
600:
593:
571:
561:
551:
542:
522:
512:
474:
464:
455:
298:
294:
289:
277:
273:
269:
267:
254:
219:
214:
207:Central Java
187:Gedong Songo
186:
185:
172:Architecture
22:Gedong Songo
4533:WikiProject
4405:Persecution
4393:Nationalism
4383:Iconography
4263:Ratha Yatra
4174:Janmashtami
4169:Rama Navami
4097:Vanaprastha
4048:Varnashrama
4024:Ritushuddhi
4009:Vidyarambha
3999:Chudakarana
3989:Nishkramana
3964:Garbhadhana
3605:Thirukkural
3600:Thiruppugal
3528:NÄradasmį¹ti
3491:Mahabharata
3269:Atharvaveda
3147:Vaisheshika
3034:Puruį¹£Ärthas
2821:Subdivision
2804:Subdivision
2766:LGBT rights
2701:Video games
2453:Agriculture
2371:Enforcement
2221:Earthquakes
2087:Prehistoric
1921:Gunung Kawi
1743:Bojongmenje
1650:Puncak Jaya
1548:Nusa Penida
1538:Moyo Island
1179:Ragunan Zoo
1149:Pangandaran
1144:Nusa Barong
1114:Mount Bromo
1074:Kawah Putih
1049:Ijen Crater
1019:Ceto Temple
846:Lampung Bay
270:garbhagriya
205:, in north
159: /
144:7Ā°12ā²30.6ā³S
76:Bandungan,
45:Affiliation
4548:Categories
4234:Kumbh Mela
4202:Gudi Padwa
4147:Durga Puja
4132:Shivaratri
4004:Karnavedha
3984:Namakarana
3946:Tirthatana
3713:Dattatreya
3550:Subhashita
3523:Manusmriti
3400:Dhanurveda
3333:Taittiriya
3318:Kaushitaki
3305:Upanishads
3078:Aparigraha
2980:Philosophy
2799:Historical
2734:Healthcare
2681:Properties
2646:Literature
2598:Rumah adat
2458:Automotive
2366:Censorship
2314:Historical
1926:Pura Kehen
1853:Singhasari
1375:Lake Tempe
1269:Kalimantan
984:Baturraden
881:Metro City
826:Jam Gadang
487:References
365:Temple III
286:Pattadakal
191:Indonesian
4457:Theosophy
4388:Mythology
4368:Criticism
4336:Etymology
4294:SvÄdhyÄya
4193:New Year
4142:Navaratri
4114:Festivals
4092:Grihastha
4065:Kshatriya
4039:Antyeshti
4014:Upanayana
3979:Jatakarma
3969:Pumsavana
3956:Sanskaras
3921:Naivedhya
3875:Practices
3820:Mahavidya
3788:Saraswati
3775:Goddesses
3733:Kartikeya
3630:Athichudi
3585:Tirumurai
3438:VyÄkaraį¹a
3405:Natyaveda
3353:Chandogya
3278:Divisions
3259:Yajurveda
2838:Nusantara
2746:Languages
2719:Education
2666:Mythology
2636:Festivals
2503:Transport
2415:President
2394:Pancasila
2346:Elections
2329:Districts
2319:Provinces
2283:Volcanoes
2246:Mountains
2165:Geography
2153:Reformasi
2062:Indonesia
1848:Sambisari
1843:Penataran
1838:Prambanan
1753:Cangkuang
1593:Tanah Lot
1523:Mandalika
1498:Kintamani
1478:Goa Gajah
1468:Gili Meno
1448:Cempi Bay
1423:Awang Bay
1189:Ranu Pani
1169:Prambanan
1164:Penataran
994:Borobudur
979:Batu City
861:Lake Toba
796:Berastagi
750:Indonesia
238:Prambanan
234:Borobudur
211:Indonesia
177:Completed
98:Indonesia
4513:Category
4464:Glossary
4432:Buddhism
4398:Hindutva
4358:Calendar
4239:Haridwar
4217:Vaisakhi
4212:Puthandu
4102:Sannyasa
4019:Keshanta
3850:Shashthi
3686:Trimurti
3513:Nitisara
3486:Ramayana
3481:Itihasas
3453:Jyotisha
3395:Ayurveda
3387:Upavedas
3368:Mandukya
3313:Aitareya
3295:Aranyaka
3290:Brahmana
3264:Samaveda
3189:Charvaka
2989:Concepts
2970:Timeline
2962:Glossary
2945:Hinduism
2883:Category
2756:Refugees
2751:Religion
2676:Painting
2587:Colonial
2534:Abortion
2463:Aviation
2378:Military
2297:Politics
2082:Timeline
2066:articles
1868:Trowulan
1863:Surawana
1828:Morangan
1818:Liyangan
1813:Kimpulan
1578:Senggigi
1573:Seminyak
1543:Nusa Dua
1493:Kelimutu
1488:Jimbaran
1463:Gili Air
1342:Sulawesi
1249:Trowulan
1194:Sangiran
836:Krakatoa
520:(2003).
419:See also
278:shikhara
73:Location
68:Location
50:Hinduism
39:Religion
4502:Outline
4452:Sikhism
4447:Judaism
4442:Jainism
4323:Related
4299:Namaste
4152:Ramlila
4082:Ashrama
4070:Vaishya
4060:Brahmin
3883:Worship
3835:Rukmini
3825:Matrika
3798:Parvati
3793:Lakshmi
3783:Tridevi
3738:Krishna
3723:Hanuman
3718:Ganesha
3669:Deities
3555:Tantras
3545:Stotras
3498:Puranas
3443:Nirukta
3433:Chandas
3428:Shiksha
3420:Vedanga
3373:Prashna
3363:Mundaka
3285:Samhita
3254:Rigveda
3185:NÄstika
3170:Advaita
3157:Vedanta
3152:MÄ«mÄį¹sÄ
3132:Samkhya
3120:Schools
3108:Akrodha
3027:Saį¹sÄra
3007:Ishvara
2997:Brahman
2893:Gallery
2867:Outline
2789:Costume
2776:Symbols
2696:Theatre
2641:Legends
2626:Cuisine
2621:Costume
2592:Mosques
2569:Culture
2559:Smoking
2522:Society
2498:Tourism
2478:History
2441:Economy
2382:Babinsa
2336:Cabinet
2273:Regions
2236:Islands
2231:Geology
2187:Climate
2177:Borders
2074:History
1803:Kedulan
1748:Bumiayu
1618:Uluwatu
1428:Bedugul
1307:Kakaban
758:Sumatra
588:Michell
479:Batang.
304:Gallery
290:sastras
280:). The
228:on the
94:Country
4523:Portal
4427:BahĆ”Ź¼Ć
4331:Hindus
4309:Tilaka
4278:Others
4254:Ujjain
4249:Prayag
4244:Nashik
4184:Pongal
4122:Diwali
4075:Shudra
4034:Vivaha
3941:DhyÄna
3916:Bhajan
3906:Bhakti
3891:Temple
3845:Shakti
3753:Varuna
3696:Vishnu
3691:Brahma
3540:Sutras
3476:Agamas
3232:Smriti
3163:Dvaita
3128:Ästika
3073:Asteya
3068:Ahimsa
3054:Moksha
3039:Dharma
2952:topics
2888:Portal
2794:Emblem
2784:Anthem
2729:Health
2616:Cinema
2549:Piracy
2473:Energy
2405:Police
2278:Rivers
2182:Cities
2064:
1768:Gebang
1738:Barong
1628:Maluku
1558:Pecatu
1443:Canggu
1395:Toraja
1244:Tretes
1174:Puncak
1134:Mrapen
1104:Malang
1024:G-Land
921:Sipura
911:Sabang
690:
645:
608:
530:
284:- and
282:Aihole
274:vimana
215:Gedong
4437:Islam
4415:India
4304:Bindi
4287:Other
4227:Ugadi
4222:Vishu
4055:Varna
3936:Tapas
3926:Yajna
3896:Murti
3830:Radha
3810:Durga
3805:Bhumi
3748:Surya
3728:Indra
3701:Shiva
3463:Other
3448:Kalpa
3338:Katha
3242:Vedas
3227:Åruti
3212:Texts
3142:Nyaya
3098:Damah
3088:Satya
3044:Artha
3022:Karma
3012:Atman
2966:Index
2898:Atlas
2874:Index
2848:Songs
2833:Motto
2761:Women
2691:Sport
2661:Music
2656:Media
2631:Dance
2611:Batik
2582:Candi
2539:Crime
2468:Banks
2266:Flora
2261:Fauna
2241:Lakes
1873:Umbul
1858:Sukuh
1823:Merak
1808:Kidal
1763:Dieng
1733:Banon
1728:Badut
1715:Candi
1632:Papua
1568:Sanur
1563:Rinca
959:Anyer
576:32ā41
507:12ā14
447:Notes
262:Nandi
258:Shiva
84:State
62:Shiva
57:Deity
4479:List
4341:List
4268:Teej
4197:Bihu
4179:Onam
4127:Holi
3931:Homa
3911:Japa
3901:Puja
3861:more
3855:Sita
3840:Sati
3815:Kali
3764:more
3758:Vayu
3743:Rama
3708:Agni
3678:Gods
3358:Kena
3328:Isha
3137:Yoga
3103:DayÄ
3093:DÄna
3063:Niti
3049:Kama
3017:Maya
2816:Flag
2419:List
1996:Koil
1883:Pura
1833:Pari
1798:Jawi
1793:Jago
1758:Ceto
1630:and
1608:Ubud
1508:Kuta
941:Java
891:Nias
688:ISBN
643:ISBN
606:ISBN
528:ISBN
236:and
88:Java
4353:Law
2606:Art
2361:Law
1788:Ijo
1723:Asu
748:in
4550::
3187::
3130::
3002:Om
669:76
659:73
630:^
581:^
566:34
495:^
276:,
244:.
209:,
193::
2932:e
2925:t
2918:v
2421:)
2417:(
2384:)
2380:(
2054:e
2047:t
2040:v
1699:e
1692:t
1685:v
738:e
731:t
724:v
625:8
614:.
556:5
536:.
189:(
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