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as a symbol of authority and power as well as to depict the form of justice that was applied. Whereas executions were more and more used by authorities objecting to the people's participation to demonstrate their power, the people themselves turned the punishment procedures and executions into fairs, where they not only witnessed the punishment of a crime, yet also took part in a process of sacrifice which cleansed society.
276:), the right to put persons to death, because they were the sovereigns of Bregenz County. The history of origins concerning the place of executions in Bregenz remains in the dark, as is the case with many similar locations. The first executions performed at this site had not been registered and it is thus unknown how many death sentences were carried out. The first
160:
The place of executions used at that time was situated outside the municipalities of Lochau and
Bregenz at the very edge. However, the main road between Lochau and Bregenz running along the Klausberg respectively the defile or Klause (a bottleneck) directly passed the location. Thus, the dead bodies
287:
Under certain circumstances the dead bodies of people who had been executed were left to be seen on the gallows also in
Bregenz for many years to frighten others off. This was exercised by a lot of courts of high justice in Austria and also in many parts of Europe. Thus the gallows was clearly used
248:
is mentioned. Wellenau was a lot situated before the defile in Lochau, housing the gallows belonging to the County of
Bregenz. In 1643 the town of Bregenz was granted high justice which before had only been assigned to the respective Count of Bregenz in office. It is assumed that the last execution
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Executed person were buried in unholy soil, often directly in the surroundings of the gallows. The explicit order to bury the executed respectively their ashes by the gallows or in a location which had been determined before had also to do with allegedly magical effects that were believed to be
532:
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No scientific research has been conducted so far on the question if at times executions in
Bregenz were carried out at the site of a crime as a means of deterrence like e.g. in Vienna. At the
308:
was completely abolished in
Austria on February 7, 1968. The last execution in Austria (according to Allied occupation law by hanging) took place in February 1955 in the
260:
In 1873 Sir Georg
Fairholme built Villa Fairholme, also known as Villa Wellenau, on the former premises of the place of executions. This building was dismantled in 1976.
157:
on the lot
Galgenbihl which is at 415 masl. Up to our times the hill is still in parts undeveloped land and shows today the buildings of Bregenzer StraĂźe 27, 31 and 33.
453:
too much have horrified. Here, too, the dead often remained hanging on the rope as a deterrent until their rotting bodies fell down themselves. See also: Anton Lang:
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Today there is no indication of how important this place had been for many centuries, neither in the form of a wayside shrine nor a commemorative plaque. Also at
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The former place of executions in
Bregenz was then located on the southern fringe of the municipality of Lochau. At that time it belonged to
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176:, which is the last station of the cross before the gallows hill or place of executions, there is no mention of it.
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445:. Example: The places of execution on Wienerberg (Vienna) are said to have been closed in 1747 on the orders of
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55:, convicted in the County of Bregenz, were executed. Synonyms in German to name such a place are e.g.
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16:
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is recorded that executions were also carried outside of the usual place of execution. Thus
236:, were arrested, repeatedly tortured and probably executed at the Galgenbihl by hanging.
8:
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284:) who is particularly mentioned in Bregenz in 1565 is Meister or Master Mathis Pflug.
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In a certificate dating from 9 January 1498 a court of high justice in the region of
20:
View of part of the former gallows hill of the city of
Bregenz in the municipality of
450:
438:
580:
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Theater of Terror: Judicial
Practice and Punishment Rituals in the Early Modern Era
461:, only in German), Museumsverein Favoriten, Vienna 2002 and Wolfgang Scheffknecht,
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Execution site (gallows hill) of the city of Bregenz in the municipality of Lochau
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72:
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Theater des Schreckens: Gerichtspraxis und Strafrituale in der frĂĽhen Neuzeit
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362:, published by the community of Lochau, only in German), 1986, p. 58 f.
345:, published by the community of Lochau, only in German), 1986, p. 39 f.
48:
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because they supposedly saw the corpses hanging there on their way to
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68:
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Hochgericht und Räderkreuz - die Hinrichtungsstätten am Wienerberg
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44:
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21:
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High Court and Wheel Cross - the execution sites on Wienerberg
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could easily be seen from the road by passers-by and from the
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took place here on 12 December 1834 and was carried out on a
514:
Vorarlberger Volksglaube in der schriftlichen Ăśberlieferung
410:
Punishments and marginalization in the early modern period
224:. The square there is still called "Henkeichen" (English:
387:, Herausgegeben von der Gemeinde Lochau 1986, p. 38, 202.
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connected to their remains. See also the entries e.g. on
217:
239:
47:was the location where in earlier times people of
499:, only in German) Munich 1988, 3. Edition, p. 10.
572:
437:, only in German), Stuttgart 2015, Klett-Cotta,
374:, Webseite der Gemeinde Lochau (only in German).
518:Vorarlberg folk belief in the written tradition
228:) today. In 1526 the leaders of these farmers,
467:Strafen und Ausgrenzung in der FrĂĽhen Neuzeit
402:Strafen und Ausgrenzung in der FrĂĽhen Neuzeit
220:who claimed their rights in the context of a
212:left on an executioner's place hang on the
121:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
67:, all words implying a place combined with
268:The Counts of Bregenz basically exercised
358:, Herausgegeben von der Gemeinde Lochau (
341:, Herausgegeben von der Gemeinde Lochau (
141:Learn how and when to remove this message
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15:
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328:Galgen = Gallows; Bihl = BĂĽhel = hill.
372:Magdalena Kapelle (Bregenzer StraĂźe)
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119:adding citations to reliable sources
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427:Die Geschichte des Tötens 1200-1700
13:
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435:The History of Killing 1200-1700
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240:Middle Ages to the 19th century
520:, only in German), 1954, p. 1.
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463:Die Vorarlberger Scharfrichter
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398:Die Vorarlberger Scharfrichter
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406:The Vorarlberg executioners
202:Markus Sittikus von Hohenems
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480:Hochgericht und Räderkreuz.
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10:
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423:Verbrechen, Opfer, Heilige
412:, in German only), p. 371.
360:Community Chronicle Lochau
343:Community Chronicle Lochau
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431:Crimes, Sacrifice, Saints
24:, only a few meters from
549:47.5149375°N 9.7551339°E
296:(German: Menschenfett).
396:Wolfgang Scheffknecht,
385:Gemeindechronik Lochau
356:Gemeindechronik Lochau
339:Gemeindechronik Lochau
170:St. Magdalene´s Chapel
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554:47.5149375; 9.7551339
512:: Benedikt Bilgeri:
478:See also Anton Lang:
264:Exercise high justice
174:Kapelle St. Magdalena
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491:Richard von DĂĽlmen:
115:improve this section
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274:Blutgerichtsbarkeit
255:Johann Georg Rohner
204:in his function as
41:place of executions
310:US occupation zone
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508:See also for the
443:978-3-608-94845-5
300:Current situation
186:Gericht Hofrieden
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113:Please help
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37:Gallows Hill
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278:executioner
226:hangingoaks
57:Richtstätte
31:At the lot
558: (
536:47°30′54″N
516:(English:
495:(English:
457:(English:
429:(English:
404:(English:
316:References
188:(English:
65:Richtstatt
61:Richtplatz
49:Vorarlberg
35:(English:
33:Galgenbihl
539:9°45′18″E
469:, p. 375.
294:human fat
234:Kunz Wirt
102:does not
69:judgement
575:Category
280:(German
251:murderer
246:Wellenau
214:Leiblach
83:Location
581:Bregenz
253:called
206:Bailiff
198:Bregenz
180:History
123:removed
108:sources
77:richten
53:Austria
45:Bregenz
482:p. 12.
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210:farmer
194:Lochau
73:German
22:Lochau
208:, 50
196:near
192:) in
71:, in
439:ISBN
304:The
232:and
218:oaks
106:any
104:cite
63:and
216:on
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43:in
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