1455:
1381:
1673:. The consul coordinated his activities with the assembly; in some states, he did so with a council of other nobles. The assembly met regularly, and would discuss all major state decisions. This body also had full financial, administrative, and judicial authority. Other officers, who rarely receive any mention, obeyed the decisions of the assembly.
1794:
governments, and the vague, sporadic quality of the evidence allows for wide disagreements. Some emphasize the central role of the assemblies and thus tout them as democracies; other scholars focus on the upper-class domination of the leadership and possible control of the assembly and see an
1712:
in India it is generally believed existed as early as the 6th century BC, and persisted in some areas until the 4th century. The ancient
Buddhist texts provide many accounts of the various ancient Indian states at the time of the
1514:
means group or community. It can also be used to refer to a body of attendants and can refer to any assemblage or association of men formed for the attainment of the same aims, denotes the gathering of a given community. The word
1806:
The rulers always belonged to warrior class. This is mentioned in Hindu, Buddhist, Jain texts. The oligarchs are always from warrior class. This leads many scholars to claim that the true nature of
1733:, existed as early as the 6th century BC, and both of their administrations were divided into executive, judicial, and military functions. Even in the other kingdoms of the
1764:(assemblies), which includes injunctions on manipulating the noble leaders. Yet the chapter does not mention how to influence the mass of the citizens, indicating that the
1608:
were generally located in the periphery of the major ancient Indian states, both geographically and culturally, and tend to occupy the higher ground near the
2019:
1409:
1696:, the heads of the most important families. On the other hand, the smaller state of Shakyas and Koliyas, during the period around
966:
110:
2152:
2132:
1117:
1057:
1787:'s invasion of India (now Pakistan and northwest India) mentions that independent and democratic states existed in India.
1466:. Among the Mahajanapadas and other smaller states around them, some of the states followed a republican form of government
1190:
1107:
1402:
1260:
886:
577:
2175:
1972:
1277:
1087:
547:
1930:
2101:
1873:
1367:
832:
617:
1914:'The Development of the Vedic Canon and its Schools: The Social and Political Milieu (Materials on Vedic Śåkhås, 8)'
1235:
906:
1147:
17:
1395:
241:
1162:
1616:
of Vajji, Malla, Koliya, and Shakya mentioned above all situated at the foothills of
Himalayas, near eastern
532:
1142:
1357:
1320:
1240:
1200:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1562:, the texts often use the phrase to refer a type of aristocractic rule, contrast to monarchy (साम्राज्य
1195:
896:
567:
1839:
1205:
1172:
1072:
1067:
737:
354:
1617:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1122:
697:
100:
477:
1941:
1730:
1255:
1245:
1210:
926:
572:
163:
75:
1754:, an ancient Indian handbook for monarchs on how to rule efficiently, sometimes referred to as "
2170:
1265:
1250:
782:
717:
266:
256:
193:
2122:
1863:
379:
2003:
1310:
1132:
946:
827:
439:
419:
329:
173:
55:
1737:, their monarchical rule would also include republican communities such as the community of
1530:
1295:
1037:
976:
339:
261:
168:
135:
1741:, The villages at this era also had their own assemblies under their village heads called
8:
1784:
1270:
1215:
1137:
1047:
936:
449:
231:
221:
216:
105:
2185:
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2013:
1773:
1351:
1325:
1167:
1157:
1127:
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876:
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507:
226:
1913:
2148:
2128:
2097:
1968:
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1829:
1756:
1362:
1335:
1112:
1052:
1032:
916:
687:
597:
349:
246:
34:
1899:
Concise
History of Ancient India: Political theory, administration and economic life
632:
90:
1834:
1689:
1669:
1621:
1554:
1479:
1345:
1305:
1022:
856:
762:
662:
647:
557:
487:
394:
389:
364:
271:
251:
236:
95:
677:
587:
2142:
1897:
1385:
1077:
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702:
582:
542:
517:
497:
444:
429:
281:
276:
145:
140:
130:
85:
60:
1967:
Pletcher, Kenneth (2010). The
History of India. Rosen Education Service. p. 64.
1717:, including their forms of governments and political workings. Among the larger
1519:
in
Sanskrit means association, assembly, company or community. For instance, in
482:
309:
1697:
1598:
1578:
1549:
1315:
1042:
1008:
807:
797:
752:
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707:
652:
642:
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537:
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324:
314:
304:
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1734:
1722:
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1629:
1582:
1570:
1559:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1152:
986:
956:
866:
772:
767:
742:
722:
562:
434:
409:
384:
369:
359:
344:
299:
65:
41:
1824:
1769:
1750:
1664:, the monarch apparently always belonged to a family of the noble class of
1434:
822:
802:
787:
747:
732:
692:
627:
612:
502:
404:
70:
1945:
1471:
1800:
1300:
837:
777:
727:
672:
467:
399:
125:
120:
1380:
1726:
1340:
1330:
792:
757:
682:
667:
602:
527:
472:
374:
319:
198:
183:
1920:, Harvard University Department of Sanskrit and Indian Studies, p. 313
1585:. Many smaller states and tribes near these great states also had the
1796:
1666:
1609:
1538:
1441:
812:
492:
188:
80:
1819:
1780:
1760:
of
Ancient India", also contains a chapter on how to deal with the
1632:. In contrast, the states which followed a monarchical government (
1520:
1507:
1503:
1437:
657:
414:
178:
115:
1692:, the ruling clan of Vajji, had a primary governing body of 7,077
1729:, and the Vajji (or Vṛji) confederation, centered in the city of
1534:
1772:
or oligarchical body, rather than democracy in a modern or even
1935:
1714:
1681:
1637:
1594:
1590:
1525:
334:
1783:, a Greek historian who wrote two centuries after the time of
1648:
According to the
Buddhist sources, key characteristics of the
1573:, the sixteen great states in ancient India, two followed the
1625:
1548:
can be translated as (rule by) tribal assembly. In ancient
1511:
1494:
1430:
1488:
1485:
1684:), or a confederacy of clans (e.g. Vajji). Most of the
1014:
1491:
2096:. University of California Press. pp. 148–149.
1810:
is not comparable to truly democratic institutions.
1636:) were generally located in the flood plains of the
1700:, had the assembly open to all men, rich and poor.
1482:
2144:Naga Cults and Traditions in the Western Himalaya
2008:. Brill Archive. pp. 93–. GGKEY:HYY6LT5CFT0.
1958:Anguttara Nikaya I. p. 213; IV. pp. 252, 256, 261
2162:
1902:, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, p. 140
1868:. University of California. pp. 146–150.
1790:Scholars differ over how best to describe the
1688:are aristocratic in nature: For instance, the
2124:Society and Religion: From Rugveda to Puranas
1403:
2018:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2066:
2064:
2036:, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p. 107
1410:
1396:
2078:
2076:
2001:
1462:were the sixteen most powerful states in
2094:Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300
1895:
1865:Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300
1857:
1855:
1453:
2120:
2061:
1680:was either that of a single clan (e.g.
1656:(consul), and a deliberative assembly (
967:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
14:
2163:
2091:
2073:
1861:
2140:
1852:
1703:
1118:1946 Italian institutional referendum
1058:Spanish American wars of independence
2147:, Indus Publishing, pp. 63–64,
2127:, Popular Prakashan, pp. 100–,
887:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
24:
2121:Gadkari, Jayant (1 January 1996),
2114:
2034:Political History of Ancient India
1918:Inside the texts, Beyond the Texts
25:
2197:
1560:the great states in ancient India
1558:which make frequent reference to
27:Political structure in South Asia
2032:Raychaudhuri Hemchandra (1972),
1589:form of government, such as the
1478:
1379:
907:Discourses Concerning Government
2085:
2070:Bongard-Levin, 1996, pp. 61–106
2052:
2039:
2026:
1597:, the small tribal state which
1173:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
1995:
1986:
1977:
1961:
1952:
1923:
1906:
1896:Majumdar, Asoke Kumar (1977),
1889:
1643:
1108:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
1088:German Revolution of 1918–1919
13:
1:
2047:Kautilya and the Arthashastra
1845:
1447:
1358:Republic without republicans
1103:11 September 1922 Revolution
1098:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
7:
1813:
1676:The general make-up of the
1472:
1093:Turkish War of Independence
1015:
10:
2202:
2005:Republics in ancient India
1725:, centered in the city of
1148:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
897:The Commonwealth of Oceana
2176:Local government in India
1916:in Witzel, Michael (ed.)
1840:Monarchy in ancient India
1321:The Emperor's New Clothes
1073:5 October 1910 revolution
1068:French Revolution of 1848
91:Liberty as non-domination
1912:Witzel, Michael (1997):
1779:Outside Indian sources,
1163:1987 Fijian coups d'état
1123:1952 Egyptian revolution
101:Political representation
2092:Thapar, Romila (2002).
2082:Sharma 1968, pp. 109–22
1942:Oxford University Press
1862:Thapar, Romila (2002).
1143:1969 Libyan coup d'état
927:Discourse on Inequality
76:Consent of the governed
1467:
1433:and clan structure of
2141:Handa, O. C. (2004),
1992:Robinson, 1997, p. 23
1983:Robinson, 1997, p. 22
1938:UK English Dictionary
1457:
1311:Criticism of monarchy
1133:North Yemen civil war
947:The Federalist Papers
242:Federal parliamentary
1296:Classical radicalism
1038:Republic of Florence
977:Democracy in America
136:Separation of powers
111:Public participation
1785:Alexander the Great
1386:Politics portal
1191:Antigua and Barbuda
1138:Zanzibar Revolution
1048:American Revolution
937:The Social Contract
106:Popular sovereignty
1704:Historical records
1660:). Elected by the
1652:seem to include a
1531:monastic community
1468:
1352:Primus inter pares
1168:Nepalese Civil War
1158:Iranian Revolution
1128:14 July Revolution
1083:Russian Revolution
1078:Chinese Revolution
1028:Republic of Venice
877:Discourses on Livy
2154:978-81-7387-161-0
2134:978-81-7154-743-2
2045:Trautmann T. R.,
1830:Magadha-Vajji war
1420:
1419:
1363:Republican empire
1336:List of republics
1185:National variants
1113:Spanish Civil War
1053:French Revolution
1033:Republic of Genoa
917:The Spirit of Law
850:Theoretical works
194:Neo-republicanism
16:(Redirected from
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2017:
2009:
1999:
1993:
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1984:
1981:
1975:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1948:on July 5, 2020.
1944:. Archived from
1927:
1921:
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1904:
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1893:
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1886:
1884:
1882:
1859:
1835:History of India
1555:Anguttara Nikaya
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1500:
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1346:Peasant republic
1306:Communitarianism
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1599:Gautama Buddha
1566:in Sanskrit).
1550:Buddhist texts
1529:refers to the
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2049:, Leiden 1971
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1601:was born to.
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71:Civic virtue
33:Part of the
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1654:gana mukhya
1650:gana sangha
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1544:The phrase
1423:Gana-Sangha
1301:Common good
1241:New Zealand
1236:Netherlands
981:(1835–1840)
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861:(c. 375 BC)
783:Robespierre
558:Etherington
493:Benn (Tony)
462:Politicians
440:Tocqueville
400:Montesquieu
380:Machiavelli
126:Rule of law
121:Res publica
18:Gaṇa sangha
2165:Categories
1881:28 October
1846:References
1757:The Prince
1739:Rajakumara
1727:Kusinagara
1634:saamarajya
1628:region of
1593:, and the
1569:Among the
1564:saamarajya
1539:bhikkhunis
1427:Gana-Rajya
1341:Monarchism
1331:Liberalism
1326:Jacobinism
1016:Gaṇasaṅgha
871:(54–51 BC)
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2014:cite book
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1667:Kshatriya
1610:Himalayas
1552:like the
1506:: गण) in
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1196:Australia
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818:Spadolini
808:Slaughter
753:McDonnell
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365:Jefferson
360:Honderich
340:Condorcet
227:Christian
189:Nasserism
164:Classical
81:Democracy
1931:"sangha"
1820:Janapada
1814:See also
1781:Diodorus
1774:Athenian
1743:gramakas
1731:Vaishali
1583:Mallakas
1541:(nuns).
1535:bhikkhus
1521:Buddhism
1508:Sanskrit
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1266:Scotland
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857:Republic
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693:La Malfa
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116:Republic
50:Concepts
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1762:sanghas
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1591:Koliyas
1231:Morocco
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1003:History
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503:Black
483:Azaña
405:Paine
375:Locke
345:Crick
320:Bodin
310:Bello
211:Types
2149:ISBN
2129:ISBN
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1883:2013
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1748:The
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1458:The
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