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491:, seized the brothers' estates "at the word of many coaxing people" without paying a compensation to them in 1591 or 1592, but a "few primary kinsmen" convinced the prince to offer restitution or other landed property to them. Gabriel also mentioned in the letter that he decided to visit the prince's court in Gyulafehérvár (now
649:
Gabriel decided to persuade the wealthy
Stephen Bocskai to rise up against Rudolph's commissioners. After royal troops attacked the refugees' camp near Temesvár on 13 September 1604, rumours about the capture of a secret correspondence between Bethlen and Bocskai began circulating. Fearing reprisals,
513:
had raised him and "placed great credence" in him. Gabriel also stated that
Bocskai was his "kin". Another important source was written by Gabriel's retainer, Pál Háportoni Forró, who stated that Gabriel had held "great and honorable offices" and performed "the greatly laborious duties of emissary"
561:
Sigismund Báthory regretted his abdication and returned to
Transylvania in August 1598. He sent Bocskai to Prague to start negotiations with Rudolph in January 1599. According to a scholarly theory, Gabriel Bethlen accompanied Bocskai to Prague. Historian József Barcza also says, Gabriel must have
508:
Modern historians try to reconstruct the major events of
Gabriel's youth based on sources (primarily memoirs and letters) completed decades later, because only two documents written between 1593 and 1602 mentioned him. One of the later sources is Gabriel's own letter from 1628, in which he stated
640:
to elect
Gabriel prince and seeking Ottoman assistance to their return to Transylvania. The grand vizier granted the permission, but one of the refugees, Boldizsár Szilvási, prevented Gabriel's election, pointing out that a prince could not be elected by a group of refugees, but by the Diet of
593:
troops. Gabriel and his brother, Stephen, divided their inherited estates, with
Gabriel receiving Marosillye. Their agreement also refers to the anarchic situation, mentioning the possibility that "either pagan or some godless prince or the governor" would seize Gabriel's property.
621:. When Székely broke into Transylvania in March 1603, Gabriel was the commander of his vanguard. Székelys' troops conquered most fortresses along the Maros and laid siege to Gyulafehérvár. During the siege, the princely palace burned. Székely was installed as prince in May, but
1017:. After the second campaign, Bethlen offered as rapprochement to the court of Vienna an alliance against the Ottomans and his marriage to an archduchess of Austria, but Ferdinand rejected his overtures. On his return from Vienna, Bethlen wed
900:) where Protestant supporters declared him the leader of Hungary and protector of Protestants. He gained control of Upper Hungary (present-day Slovakia). In September 1619, after refusing to convert to Calvinism, the Jesuits
514:
in his youth. Based on these sources, modern historians assume that
Bocskai boosted Gabriel's career in Sigismund Báthory's court, but no contemporaneous document mentioned his presence in the prince's retinue.
965:
was made. Bethlen renounced his royal title on the condition that
Hungarian Protestants were given religious freedoms and were included in a general diet within six months. Bethlen was given the title of
806:. He developed mines and industry and nationalised many branches of Transylvania's foreign trade. His agents bought goods at fixed prices and sold them abroad at profit. In his capital, in Gyulafehérvár (
961:, Ferdinand II persecuted the Protestant nobility of Bohemia. Between May and June 1621, he regained Pressburg and the central mining towns. Bethlen again sued for peace and on 31 December 1621, the
2589:
Barta, Gábor (1994). "The
Emergence of the Principality and its First Crises (1526–1606)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.).
370:
521:
and broke into
Ottoman territory in the summer of 1595. According to historian József Barcza, Gabriel gained his first direct experience of warfare fighting against the Ottomans in the
417:
from 1620 to 1621, but he never took control of the whole kingdom. Bethlen, supported by the Ottomans, led his Calvinist principality against the Habsburgs and their Catholic allies.
335:
597:
Gabriel joined the Transylvanian noblemen who rose up against Basta. Sigismund Báthory (who had again returned to Transylvania) granted Gabriel and his brother landed property in
679:
elected Bocskai prince on 21 February 1605. According to a letter of Bethlen, Bocskai ordered him to capture "certain castles", for which he had to postpone his marriage in May.
2662:
Early Modern Religious Communities in East-Central Europe: Ethnic Diversity, Denominational Plurality, and Corporative Politics in the Principality of Transylvania (1526–1691)
585:
in Romania) on 8 October 1599. Gabriel received wounds in the battle and his wounds healed slowly. Michael the Brave was expelled from Transylvania by Rudolph's commander,
566:
monarchs were unable to defend Transylvania against the Ottomans. Gabriel himself stated that he visited Prague in the retinue of Sigismund Báthory at an unspecified date.
2721:
Péter, Katalin (1994). "The Golden Age of the Principality (1606–1660)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.).
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in Romania) for years. Gabriel's court historian, Gáspár Bojti Veres, described Lázár as a "grumpy and fierce" soldier who did not care much about their formal education.
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In 1623 - 1624 and 1626, Bethlen, allied with the anti-Habsburg Protestants, made campaigns against Ferdinand in Upper Hungary. The first campaign ended with the
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618:
321:
2608:
Erdősi, Péter; Lambert, Sean (2013). "The Theme of Youth and Court Life in Historical Literature Regarding Gábor Bethlen and Zsigmond Báthory".
749:
2704:
Encyclopedia of the Kings of Hungary: An Illustrated History of the Life and Deeds of Our Monarchs, Regents and the Princes of Transylvania
730:
239:
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931:, count of the Moravian and Czech estates, did not take Vienna and, in November, the forces of George Drugeth and Polish mercenaries (
818:, encouraging the enrollment of Hungarian academics and teachers and sending Transylvanian students to the Protestant universities of
950:). In January 1620, without the Czechs, Bethlen received 13 counties in the east of Royal Hungary. On 20 August 1620, he was elected
629:
in Romania) on 17 July. Székely was killed in the battlefield, and his supporters (among them Gabriel) fled to the Ottoman Empire.
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Bocskai withdrew to his fortress at Sólyomkő (now Şoimeni in Romania) and make preparations to resist. He hired irregular
589:. During the following years, Transylvania was regularly pillaged both by Basta's unpaid mercenaries, and by Ottoman and
1053:
Bethlen died on 15 November 1629. His second wife, Catherine of Brandenburg, became Princess Regnant of Transylvania.
2730:
2688:
2650:
2593:. Vol. pt. 3. The Principality of Transylvania (English ed.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 247–300.
2449:
91:
69:
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Magyar királyok nagykönyve: Uralkodóink, kormányzóink és az erdélyi fejedelmek életének és tetteinek képes története
62:
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518:
457:, granted Marosillye to him and made him captain-general of the principality. Druzsiána Lázár was descended from a
152:
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The brothers were put under the guardianship of their maternal uncle, András Lázár de Szárhegy. They lived in the
17:
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church, giving hereditary nobility to Protestant priests. Bethlen also encouraged learning by founding the
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were martyred under Bethlen's authority." The three were later canonized by the Catholic Church.
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in Romania). He forged letters which suggested that the leading Transylvanian noblemen supported
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noble family. Both Farkas Bethlen and his wife died in 1591, leaving their two sons, Gabriel and
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The Transylvanian refugees started to regard Gabriel as their leader. They sent a delegation to
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Bethlen maintained an efficient standing army of mercenaries. While keeping relations with the
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and Druzsiána Lázár de Szárhegy. Gabriel was born in his father's estate, Marosillye (now
360:
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8:
2425:
Az Europai jelenlet alternativai, Bethlen Gabor fejedelemme valasztasanak evfordulojara."
962:
920:
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573:, who mounted the throne with Polish assistance after Sigismund again abdicated in 1599.
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R. Várkonyi, Ágnes; Campbell, Alan (2013). "Gábor Bethlen and His European Presence".
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at the Diet of Besztercebánya and in September 1620, war with the Habsburgs resumed.
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of the Habsburgs; persecution of Protestants in Royal Hungary; the violation of the
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675:, styled Bocskai as prince of Transylvania. The delegates of the noblemen and the
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in June 1602. The army of the rebellious noblemen was annihilated near Tövis (now
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in 1595. After a series of Ottoman victories, Báthory abdicated in return for the
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Oborni, Teréz (2012). "Bethlen Gábor". In Gujdár, Noémi; Szatmáry, Nóra (eds.).
873:(the Ottoman Empire), he sought to gain lands to the north and west. During the
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2574:] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Magyarországi Református Egyház Sajtóosztálya.
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534:
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History of Slovakia: Part of Historic Hungary II - Modern Times (1526 - 1918).
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877:, he attacked the Habsburgs of Royal Hungary (1619–1626). Bethlen opposed the
810:), Bethlen built a grand new palace. Bethlen was a patron of the arts and the
622:
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to persuade the Ottomans to support Székely, according to the contemporaneous
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In August 1619, Bethlen invaded Royal Hungary. In September, he took Kassa (
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577:, Prince of Wallachia, broke into Transylvania and defeated Andrew in the
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In 1613, after Báthory was murdered, the Ottomans installed Bethlen as
492:
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Ottoman occupation of the central territories of the Kingdom of Hungary
257:
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477:
2427:
Magyar Tudomány October 2013. Accessed 15 October 2013. In Hungarian.
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2706:] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Reader's Digest. pp. 206–209.
851:
625:, Prince of Wallachia, annihilated his army near Barcarozsnyó (now
2799:. Blackwell History of Europe series. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
2314:
1070:
Bethlen's state correspondence survives as a historical document.
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772:(1608–1613). Bethlen later fell out with Báthory and fled to the
686:, in August 1605. Bocskai granted the domain of Vajdahunyad (now
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1005:
of Gabriel Bethlen showing his portrait and coat of arms (1621)
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830:. He also ensured the right of serfs' children to be educated.
605:
in Romania) on 2 July 1602. After the battle, he swam over the
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970:(of Hungarian Transylvania), seven counties around the Upper
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of 1606; and Habsburg alliances with the Ottomans and George
753:
714:
2228:
2126:
2095:
2083:
915:
In October 1619, Bethlen took Pressburg (Pozsony, today's
661:
in Slovakia) on 11 November. Soon after, Gabriel gave the
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Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century
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and forced Bethlen to leave Austria and Upper Hungary.
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Bethlen negotiated for peace at Pressburg, Kassa (now
2645:] (in Hungarian). Budapest: General Press Kiadó.
957:
After defeating the Czechs on 8 November 1620 at the
483:
According Gabriel's first extant letter (from 1593),
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2778:. Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society.
2637:
G. Etényi, Nóra; Horn, Ildikó; Szabó, Péter (2006).
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2681:Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary
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690:in Romania) to him. The prince also made him the
256:Gyulafehérvár, Principality of Transylvania (now
134:25 August 1620 – 31 December 1621
2987:
2865:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 829–830.
783:and this was endorsed on 13 October 1613 by the
654:troops and defeated a royal army on 15 October.
609:and fled to Temesvár in the Ottoman Empire (now
425:Gabriel was the elder of the two sons of Farkas
2725:. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 301–358.
2528:Magdolna Bánffy in the Bánffy de Losoncz family
169:October 1613 – 15 November 1629
2643:A Crowned Prince: Stephen Bocskai and his Time
2748:(4). MTA Történettudományi Intézet: 695–732.
2616:(4). MTA Történettudományi Intézet: 856–879.
2607:
2550:László Bánffy in the Bánffy de Losoncz family
2473:Farkas Bethlen in the Bethlen de Iktár family
2243:
2137:
2120:
2108:
2089:
833:
682:Gabriel finally married his bride, Zsuzsanna
437:), on 15 November 1580. Farkas Bethlen was a
329:
2462:Gábor Bethlen in the Bethlen de Iktár family
717:. He composed hymns and from 1625, employed
3051:Hungarian Calvinist and Reformed Christians
2440:Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, p. 66, 2002.
2438:"Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon."
541:in 1597, enabling the commissioners of the
405:; 15 November 1580 – 15 November 1629) was
517:Sigismund Báthory joined the anti-Ottoman
441:who lost his ancestral estate, Iktár (now
336:
322:
115:
2639:Koronás fejedelem: Bocskai István és kora
724:
92:Learn how and when to remove this message
2683:. Budapest: Atlantisz Publishing House.
1044:
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996:
860:
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731:Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)
636:in August, asking the permission of the
55:This article includes a list of general
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2210:
826:, and the Protestant principalities of
756:gold coin depicting Gabriel Bethlen as
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1904:15. Magdolna Bánffy de Losoncz (+1545)
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1092:
1023:John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg
657:Bocskai took possession of Kassa (now
644:
553:) to take possession of Transylvania.
2720:
2588:
2568:Bethlen Gábor, a református fejedelem
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2572:Gabriel Bethlen, the Reformed Prince
2506:Borbála Bogáth in the Bogáthy family
2484:Druzsianna Lázár in the Lázár family
2332:
2291:
2222:
2161:
41:
929:Jindřich Matyáš of Thurn-Valsassina
562:realized around that time that the
24:
2517:János Bogáth in the Bogáthy family
1292:2. Farkas Bethlen de Iktár (+1590)
927:. However, Bethlen, together with
61:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
3062:
2815:
2495:Stephen Lázár in the Lázár family
2821:
2412:G. Etényi, Horn & Szabó 2006
2383:G. Etényi, Horn & Szabó 2006
2309:G. Etényi, Horn & Szabó 2006
739:
519:Holy League of Pope Clement VIII
46:
3036:People of the Thirty Years' War
2793:Sturdy, David J. (2002-02-01).
2742:The Hungarian Historical Review
2610:The Hungarian Historical Review
2543:
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2321:R. Várkonyi & Campbell 2013
2078:R. Várkonyi & Campbell 2013
2057:R. Várkonyi & Campbell 2013
1737:3. Druzsianna Lázár de Szárhegy
1662:26. György Apafi de Apanagyfalu
1036:Principality of Gabriel Bethlen
413:from 1622 to 1625. He was also
3046:People of the Long Turkish War
1685:13. Klára Apafi de Apanagyfalu
13:
1:
3041:17th-century Hungarian people
2796:Fractured Europe: 1600 - 1721
2664:. Brill Academic Publishers.
1998:
503:
420:
3006:People from Hunedoara County
2003:
1881:30. László Bánffy de Losoncz
1848:7. Borbála Bogáthy de Bogáth
1774:28. András Bogáthy de Bogáth
1629:6. Stephen Lázár de Szárhegy
1578:12. János Lázár de Szentanna
1555:24. András Lázár de Szárhegy
1109:16. Domokos Bethlen de Iktár
1082:Ancestors of Gabriel Bethlen
1073:
974:River and the fortresses of
889:(1633-1661), the captain of
865:Bethlen on horseback (print)
842:Statue of Gábor Bethlen, by
797:Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
795:, Bethlen was recognised by
240:Principality of Transylvania
39:when mentioning individuals.
7:
1986:
1797:14. János Bogáthy de Bogáth
1187:4. Gabriel Bethlen de Iktár
1027:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
764:In 1605, Bethlen supported
204:1622 – 1625
10:
3067:
2558:
1856:
1753:
1745:
1714:27. Anna Bánffy de Losoncz
1637:
1534:
1530:
1416:
1308:
1300:
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1098:
1094:
946:) and Besztercebánya (now
834:Anti-Habsburg insurrection
802:Bethlen's rule was one of
728:
713:, translate and print the
667:(or charter) in which the
556:
254:15 November 1629 (aged 49)
26:
2974:
2965:
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2931:
2923:
2913:
2904:
2896:
2891:
2877:
2244:Erdősi & Lambert 2013
2138:Erdősi & Lambert 2013
2121:Erdősi & Lambert 2013
2109:Erdősi & Lambert 2013
2090:Erdősi & Lambert 2013
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1170:
1148:
1140:
1132:8. Peter Bethlen de Iktár
1115:
1102:
1025:. His brother-in-law was
1015:Peace of Pressburg (1626)
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2917:Catherine of Brandenburg
2856:"Bethlen, Gabriel"
2679:Kontler, László (1999).
1515:Gabriel Bethlen de Iktár
1040:
1019:Catherine of Brandenburg
959:Battle of White Mountain
445:in Romania), due to the
284:Gabriel Bethlen de Iktár
269:Catherine of Brandenburg
35:. This article uses
27:The native form of this
3016:Princes of Transylvania
2978:Wladislaus IV of Poland
2862:Encyclopædia Britannica
2723:History of Transylvania
2591:History of Transylvania
2566:Barcza, József (1987).
1049:Coat of arms of Bethlen
76:more precise citations.
2907:Prince of Transylvania
2842:Encyclopedia Americana
1403:unknown woman from the
1050:
1037:
1011:Peace of Vienna (1624)
1006:
866:
858:
804:enlightened absolutism
791:). In 1615, after the
781:Prince of Transylvania
758:Prince of Transylvania
725:Prince of Transylvania
549:(who was also king of
489:Prince of Transylvania
455:Prince of Transylvania
409:from 1613 to 1629 and
407:Prince of Transylvania
402:
160:Prince of Transylvania
2836:"Bethlen-Gabor"
2660:Keul, István (2009).
1163:(from unknown family)
1067:, had died in 1622.
1048:
1035:
1000:
925:Holy Crown of Hungary
864:
841:
816:Bethlen Gabor College
415:King-elect of Hungary
2830:at Wikimedia Commons
2123:, pp. 861, 863.
1013:, the second by the
638:Ottoman grand vizier
579:Battle of Sellenberk
2851:Bain, Robert Nisbet
2385:, pp. 167–169.
2059:, pp. 698–699.
963:Peace of Nikolsburg
921:Palatine of Hungary
719:Johannes Thesselius
645:Bocskai's supporter
3031:Hungarian nobility
1051:
1038:
1021:, the daughter of
1007:
990:), and a duchy in
910:Melchior Grodeczki
867:
859:
785:Transylvanian Diet
768:and his successor
721:as kapellmeister.
569:Gabriel supported
543:Holy Roman Emperor
439:Hungarian nobleman
37:Western name order
2984:
2983:
2975:Succeeded by
2961:Sigismund Báthory
2948:Succeeded by
2942:
2914:Succeeded by
2826:Media related to
2806:978-0-631-20513-5
2785:978-0-87169-192-7
2713:978-963-289-214-6
2671:978-90-04-17652-2
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1058:Zsuzsanna Károlyi
937:Battle of Humenné
902:Marko Križevcanin
875:Thirty Years' War
575:Michael the Brave
523:Battle of Giurgiu
485:Sigismund Báthory
391:
390:
312:
311:
288:
287:
213:Sigismund Báthory
102:
101:
94:
16:(Redirected from
3058:
3026:Kings of Hungary
2958:Preceded by
2937:
2924:Preceded by
2897:Preceded by
2884:House of Bethlen
2879:Gabriel Bethlen
2875:
2874:
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2770:Settonv, Kenneth
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1933:31. Anna Dobokai
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906:Stephen Pongracz
743:
581:(at present-day
531:Silesian duchies
427:Bethlen de Iktár
384:
376:Battle of Tyrnau
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236:15 November 1580
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948:Banská Bystrica
883:Peace of Vienna
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766:Stephen Bocskay
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110:Gabriel Bethlen
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848:Heroes' Square
844:György Vastagh
835:
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787:at Kolozsvár (
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1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1158:
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1154:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1138:
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1129:
1128:
1125:
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1016:
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1004:
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989:
985:
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973:
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964:
960:
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945:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
919:), where the
918:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
891:Upper Hungary
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
871:Sublime Porte
863:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
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771:
767:
759:
755:
750:
742:
732:
722:
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716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
697:
696:Hunyad County
694:(or head) of
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689:
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680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:
660:
655:
653:
642:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:Moses Székely
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
592:
591:Crimean Tatar
588:
587:Giorgio Basta
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
554:
552:
551:Royal Hungary
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
512:
496:
495:in Romania).
494:
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486:
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444:
440:
436:
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411:Duke of Opole
408:
404:
403:Bethlen Gábor
400:
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199:
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195:Duke of Opole
192:
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176:
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161:
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113:
108:
96:
93:
85:
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71:
65:
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58:
53:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:Bethlen Gábor
30:
29:personal name
19:
18:Gábor Bethlen
2966:
2951:Ferdinand II
2940:Ferdinand II
2932:
2927:Ferdinand II
2905:
2882:
2860:
2840:
2795:
2774:
2745:
2741:
2722:
2703:
2699:
2680:
2661:
2642:
2638:
2613:
2609:
2590:
2571:
2567:
2545:
2539:Apafi family
2534:
2523:
2512:
2501:
2490:
2479:
2468:
2457:
2432:
2423:Varkonyi A.
2419:
2407:
2378:
2328:
2316:
2218:
2211:Kontler 1999
2157:
2145:
2116:
2085:
2052:
1514:
1406:
1402:
1162:
1069:
1055:
1052:
1008:
967:
956:
941:
914:
895:
868:
801:
778:
763:
707:György Káldy
705:. He helped
700:
681:
662:
656:
648:
631:
596:
568:
560:
516:
507:
482:
474:Székely Land
470:Lázár Castle
467:
465:, orphaned.
443:Ictar-Budinț
424:
394:
393:
345:
238:Marosillye,
153:Ferdinand II
88:
79:
60:
32:
3001:1629 deaths
2996:1580 births
2371:Barcza 1987
2350:Barcza 1987
2277:Barcza 1987
2181:Barcza 1987
2150:Barcza 1987
2045:Oborni 2012
2026:Barcza 1987
1993:Magna Curia
1061: [
789:Cluj-Napoca
623:Radu Șerban
607:Maros River
599:Arad County
379: [
209:Predecessor
174:Predecessor
143:Matthias II
139:Predecessor
74:introducing
2990:Categories
2972:1622–1625
2945:1620–1621
2911:1613–1629
2600:9630567032
2581:963300246X
2446:0865164444
2400:Barta 1994
2196:Barta 1994
1999:References
935:) won the
933:lisowczycy
923:ceded the
917:Bratislava
808:Alba Iulia
729:See also:
504:Beginnings
493:Alba Iulia
421:Early life
371:Érsekújvár
260:, Romania)
258:Alba Iulia
246:, Romania)
82:March 2013
57:references
2754:2063-8647
2622:2063-8647
2436:Barti J.
2333:Keul 2009
2292:Keul 2009
2223:Keul 2009
2162:Keul 2009
2004:Citations
1074:Ancestors
988:Nagyecsed
984:Mukacheve
879:autocracy
812:Calvinist
752:1616 ten-
703:Calvinist
688:Hunedoara
611:Timișoara
527:Wallachia
399:Hungarian
350:'s Revolt
307:Calvinist
219:Successor
188:Catherine
184:Successor
149:Successor
2853:(1911).
2772:(1991).
2762:43264465
2630:43264470
1987:See also
1405:Kinizsi
852:Budapest
677:Székelys
664:ahidnâme
583:Șelimbăr
564:Habsburg
539:Racibórz
303:Religion
2845:. 1920.
2559:Sources
992:Silesia
980:Munkács
887:Drugeth
856:Hungary
828:Germany
820:England
684:Károlyi
673:Ahmed I
557:Anarchy
547:Rudolph
478:Lăzarea
463:Stephen
459:Székely
435:Romania
361:Humenné
298:Bethlen
70:improve
2803:
2782:
2760:
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2687:
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898:Košice
822:, the
711:Jesuit
659:Košice
627:Râșnov
499:Career
366:Cecora
294:Family
265:Spouse
59:, but
2758:JSTOR
2702:[
2641:[
2626:JSTOR
2570:[
1065:]
1041:Death
982:(now
976:Tokaj
972:Tisza
754:ducat
715:Bible
652:Hajdú
603:Teiuș
535:Opole
509:that
476:(now
383:]
279:Names
242:(now
201:Reign
166:Reign
131:Reign
2801:ISBN
2780:ISBN
2750:ISSN
2727:ISBN
2708:ISBN
2685:ISBN
2666:ISBN
2647:ISBN
2618:ISSN
2595:ISBN
2576:ISBN
2442:ISBN
908:and
709:, a
537:and
431:Ilia
251:Died
244:Ilia
233:Born
1513:1.
1401:5.
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31:is
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2064:^
2033:^
2012:^
1063:hu
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397:(
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89:(
84:)
80:(
66:.
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