1219:
859:
851:
1121:
692:), although his cousins had sharply opposed Jósika's appointment. He also invited Italian artists and artisans to his court, making them his advisors or butlers. Szamosközy described them as "the trashiest representatives of the noblest nation". The delegates of the "Three Nations" criticized Sigismund for his prodigal way of life at the Diet in Gyulafehérvár in November. To reduce his authority, the Diet prescribed that Sigismund should only make decisions in the royal council. Sigismund deprived his cousins of the allowances that the royal treasury had paid to them.
843:
1303:(or the right to own lands in Bohemia) in 1604. After the Diet of Transylvania proclaimed Stephen Bocskai prince in February 1605, Rudolph tried to persuade Sigismund to return to Transylvania, but he did not accept the offer. The ambassadors of Venice and Spain and the emperor again tried to convince him to lay claim to Transylvania in July 1606, but Sigismund refused, saying that he had no information about the affairs of his former principality. In December he again met Rudolph in Prague, but still resisted the emperor's offer.
831:
1109:
507:
75:
674:
408:, persuaded him to return in late summer, but he could not make peace with the Ottoman Empire. He renounced Transylvania in favor of Andrew Báthory and settled in Poland in 1599. During the following years, Transylvania was regularly pillaged by unpaid mercenaries and Ottoman marauders. Sigismund returned at the head of a Polish army in 1601, but he could not strengthen his position. He again abdicated in favor of Rudolph and settled in
806:. However, the delegates of the Three Nations refused to declare war against the Ottoman Empire at three consecutive Diets between May and July. Sigismund abdicated, tasking Balthasar Báthory with the government in late July. Balthasar wanted to seize the throne, but Kovacsóczy, Kendi, and the other leading officials decided to set up an aristocratic council to administer Transylvania.
700:
that Gálffy and his allies wanted to murder the prince and his cousins. In late 1591 Sigismund stated that he was willing to renounce in favor of
Balthasar if the members of the royal council favored his cousin. His offer was refused, but during the debate Kendi referred to Sigismund and Balthasar as
366:. Since he could not convince the Diet to support his plan, he renounced the throne in July 1594, but the commanders of the army convinced him to revoke his abdication. At their proposal, he purged the noblemen who opposed the war against the Ottomans. He officially joined the Holy League and married
552:
Stephen Báthory who took charge of
Sigismund's education confirmed the position of his Jesuit tutors, János Leleszi and Gergely Vásárhelyi. According to Szamosközy, Stephen Báthory also ordered Sigismund's companions to talk of foreign lands, wars, and hunting with him during their dinners together.
901:
October 1594. The two voivodes had started direct negotiations with the Holy See, but
Sigismund, who claimed suzerainty over them, prevented them from conducting further direct negotiations. Sigismund's envoy, Stephen Bocskai, signed the document that confirmed the membership of Transylvania in the
1272:
October. At the head of an army which also included
Ottoman and Tatar soldiers, Sigismund expanded his rule over most regions of the principality, but he could not capture Kolozsvár in late November. He started new negotiations with Basta over his abdication in March 1602, because he did not trust
669:
Sigismund made several attempts to strengthen the position of the Roman
Catholic Church, especially by appointing Catholics to the highest positions of state administration. Carillo and other Jesuit priests returned to Sigismund's court in disguise in early 1591. Sigismund met Andrew and Balthasar
638:
In
October 1588 the Diet proposed to declare the sixteen-year-old Sigismund of age if he banished the Jesuits from Transylvania. He did not accept the offer, mainly because he did not want to expel his confessor, Alfonso Carillo. The Diet was dissolved, but Sigismund's cousins convinced him not to
938:
May 1595. According to the treaty, Michael was forbidden to enter into an alliance with foreign powers without
Sigismund's approval. The voivode's right to sentence his boyars to death was also limited. The Diet of Transylvanian was authorized to impose taxes in Wallachia with a council of twelve
695:
Gossip about conspiracies spread during the following months. Sándor Kendi accused
Sigismund's former tutor, János Gálffy, of deliberately stirring up debates between the prince and his cousins. Other courtiers claimed that Balthasar Báthory was planning to dethrone Sigismund. A Jesuit priest was
1045:
commoners (who had been reduced to serfdom in the 1560s) to restore their freedom if they joined his campaign against the
Ottomans. The Székelys accepted his offer, enabling Sigismund to launch a counter-invasion in Wallachia in early October. The united forces of Transylvania, Wallachia, and
1199:
March 1599. Eight days later, the Diet proclaimed Andrew Báthory prince, hoping that Andrew could make peace with the
Ottomans with the assistance of Poland. Sigismund left Transylvania for Poland in June. His marriage with Maria Christierna was declared invalid in Rome in August.
801:
that the pope had organized against the Ottoman Empire. After Rudolph's troops defeated the Ottomans in a series of battles in the autumn of 1593, Sigismund decided to join the Holy League, provided that Rudolph acknowledged the independence of Transylvania from the
817:
August, accusing them of plotting. Sándor and Gábor Kendi were beheaded along with two other members of the royal council; Balthasar Báthory, Kovacsóczy, and Ferenc Kendi were strangled in prison. All but one murdered noblemen were Protestants, mostly
1182:
II. In September an Ottoman army invaded the principality, capturing the fortresses along the Maros. Sigismund sent his envoys to the commander of the army, Mehmed, convincing him to attack Várad instead of breaking into Transylvania proper.
666:, urged the pope to lift the ban, saying that the prince's Protestant advisors had forced him to throw out the priests. The pope authorized Sigismund to employ a confessor in May 1589, and the excommunication was revoked on Easter 1590.
2688:
Felezeu, Călin (2009). "The International Political Background (1541–1699); The Legal Status of the Principality of Transylvania in Its Relations with the Ottoman Porte". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András (eds.).
466:, Sigismund demonstrated his devotion to Catholicism already at the age of seven. His mother mocked him for his piety, saying that he only wanted to secure his uncle's goodwill. Sigismund was especially hostile towards the
585:
Sigismund adopted the title of Prince of Transylvania after Stephen Báthory died on 13 December 1586. He was still a minor, and Ghyczy continued to rule as regent. Sigismund was one of the candidates to the throne of the
590:. His advisors knew that he had little chance to win, but they wanted to demonstrate that the Báthorys had a valid claim to rule the Commonwealth. Kovacsóczy officially announced Sigismund's application at the
1190:
II, while his confessor, Carillo, started negotiations with Jan Zamoyski in Poland. At Sigismund's invitation, his cousin, Andrew Báthory, returned from Poland. Sigismund abdicated at the Diet in Medgyes (now
404:. The triumph was followed by a series of Ottoman victories, and Sigismund abdicated in favor of Rudolph II in early 1598, receiving the duchies of Racibórz and Opole as a compensation. His maternal uncle,
1065:
II in early January 1596, tasking his wife and Stephen Bocskai with the government. The Székelys tried to secure their freedom, but Bocskai repressed their movement with extraordinary cruelty during the
914:
and to use the title of prince, but he also stipulated that the principality was to be re-united with the Hungarian Crown if Sigismund's family died out. The Diet of Transylvania confirmed the treaty on
2650:
Barta, Gábor (1994). "The Emergence of the Principality and its First Crises (1526–1606)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.).
358:
him, but the ban was lifted in 1590, and the Jesuits returned a year later. His blatant favoritism towards the Catholics made him unpopular among his Protestant subjects. He decided to join the
1171:
II had appointed to administer Transylvania. Sigismund went to Silesia, but he did not like his new duchies. Bocskai, who had been dismissed after Sigismund's abdication, urged him to return.
1085:
invaded Royal Hungary in summer. Sigismund joined his forces with the royal army, which was under the command of Maximilian of Habsburg. However, the Ottomans routed their united army in the
1310:
in Bohemia. After one of his employees accused him of plotting against the emperor, Sigismund was imprisoned for fourteen months in the jails of Prague Castle in 1610. Sigismund died of a
495:
May 1581. Since Sigismund was still a minor, his dying father tasked a council of twelve noblemen with the government. Christopher Báthory's cousin, Dénes Csáky, and his brother-in-law,
705:'s legate, Attilio Amalteo, mediated a reconciliation between Sigismund and his cousins in the summer of 1592. The pope also urged Sigismund to marry a Catholic princess from the
2669:
Bolovan, Ioan; Constantiniu, Florin; Michelson, Paul E.; Pop, Ioan Aurel; Popa, Cristian; Popa, Marcel; Scurtu, Ioan; Treptow, Kurt W.; Vultur, Marcela; Watts, Larry L. (1997).
1178:
in Romania), and the delegates proclaimed Sigismund prince. Most Transylvanians accepted the decision, but György Király, the deputy captain of Várad, remained loyal to Rudolph
1100:. He sent envoys to Italy to demand the supreme command of a new Christian army, but his delegates at Istanbul started negotiations regarding a reconciliation with the sultan.
2752:
Early Modern Religious Communities in East-Central Europe: Ethnic Diversity, Denominational Plurality, and Corporative Politics in the Principality of Transylvania (1526–1691)
1237:, against Michael. Basta invaded Transylvania and expelled Michael the Brave in September. Basta's unpaid soldiers regularly pillaged the principality, while Ottoman and
813:
August. They also persuaded him to order the arrest of Kovacsóczy, Kendi, Balthasar Báthory, and twelve other noblemen who had opposed the war against the Ottomans on 28
1203:
Andrew Báthory lost his throne and his life fighting against Michael the Brave and his Székely allies in autumn. Michael the Brave administered Transylvania as Rudolph
569:
with the administration of Transylvania during Sigismund's minority. The Diet suggested to Stephen Báthory that he dismiss them, but he only dissolved the council on 1
412:
in June 1602. After he was accused of a conspiracy against the emperor, he spent fourteen months in jail in Prague in 1610 and 1611. He died at his Bohemian estate.
2830:
Szegedi, Edit (2009). "The Birth and Evolution of the Principality of Transylvania (1541–1690)". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András (eds.).
340:
elected him voivode at his dying father's request in 1581. Initially, regency councils administered Transylvania on his behalf, but Stephen Báthory made
987:
1003:. Historian László Nagy notes that Sigismund's contemporaries made no reference to his relationship with women, showing that Sigismund was homosexual.
744:
III of Poland. The Holy See had proposed the marriage, which could have enabled Sigismund to rule Poland during the absence of the king, who was also
689:
1207:
II's governor, but his rule was unpopular among the noblemen, especially because of the pillaging raids made by his unpaid soldiers. As early as 9
1273:
his own supporters. He referred to them as "intoxicated and brutish sons of a bitch" and asked István Csáky to help him to leave their camp on 2
1073:
Rudolph II promised Sigismund to send reinforcements and money to continue the war against the Ottomans. Sigismund returned to Transylvania on 4
721:
592:
545:, supported Márkházy's claim. Taking advantage of the situation, Murad demanded the same payments from Sigismund, but Stephen Báthory and the "
1241:
marauders made frequent incursions across the frontiers. Sigismund returned to Transylvania across Moldavia at the head of a Polish army on 24
670:
Báthory in August to seek their support for the legalization of the Jesuits' presence, but they refused to stand by the priests at the Diet.
1215:, a commander-in-chief during Michael the Brave's campaign against Moldavia in May, deserted Michael and came to Poland to meet Sigismund.
866:
510:
203:
3144:
3139:
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605:
720:. The sultan also ordered Sigismund to pay double the amount of the yearly tribute. Balthasar Báthory murdered Sigismund's secretary,
1054:
October. Although the victory was not decisive, the battle enabled the two voivodes to maintain their alliance with the Holy League.
2708:
Granasztói, György (1981). "A három részre szakadt ország és a török kiűzése (1557–1605)". In Benda, Kálmán; Péter, Katalin (eds.).
1136:
The failure of his marriage and the defeats of the Holy League diminished Sigismund's self-confidence. He sent his envoys to Rudolph
992:
627:, returned from Poland to Transylvania. Balthasar wanted to take charge of the government, making his court at Fogaras (present-day
1097:
549:" resisted. After receiving the customary tribute from Transylvania, the sultan again confirmed Sigismund's rule in November 1581.
1174:
Sigismund came to Kolozsvár on 21 August. On the following day, Bocskai convoked the Diet to his military camp at Szászsebes (now
3154:
1218:
1057:
Ignoring the Székely warriors' preeminent role during the war, the Diet of Transylvania refused to restore their freedom on 15
537:, offered to double the tribute and to pay an additional tax of 100,000 florins if he was made the ruler of Transylvania. The
2869:
2839:
2820:
2799:
2759:
2698:
2790:
Pop, Ioan-Aurel (2009). "Michael the Brave and Transylvania". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András (eds.).
613:
1186:
All of Sigismund's attempts to make peace with the sultan failed. He sent his envoys to Prague to negotiate with Rudolph
1022:
broke into Wallachia, forcing Michael the Brave to retreat towards Transylvania. Michael confronted the invaders in the
3149:
1081:
in Romania), but he lifted the siege when an Ottoman army of 20,000 strong approached the fortress. The Ottoman Sultan
764:
587:
624:
3114:
2811:
Magyar királyok nagykönyve: Uralkodóink, kormányzóink és az erdélyi fejedelmek életének és tetteinek képes története
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2740:
2719:
2678:
2659:
1167:
March 1598. Maria Christierna took charge of the government until the arrival of Maximilian of Habsburg, whom Rudolph
659:
355:
1007:
809:
The commanders of the army (including Stephen Bocskai), and Friar Carillo jointly convinced Sigismund to return on 8
3109:
956:
934:
and prelates recognized Sigismund's suzerainty over Wallachia on behalf of Michael the Brave in Gyulafehérvár on 20
819:
788:
57:
939:
boyars. After Aaron the Tyrant refused to sign a similar treaty, Sigismund invaded Moldavia and captured him in
1336:
756:
375:
2991:
3159:
546:
538:
639:
resist the Diet, which was dominated by Protestant delegates. The Diet was again summoned in late 1588; on 8
3083:
3056:
3021:
2960:
858:
803:
1140:
II and again offered to abdicate in September 1597. An agreement regarding his abdication was signed on 23
1120:
971:
367:
249:
2631:
1249:
April. Basta and Michael the Brave invaded Transylvania in summer. They routed Sigismund's army in the
632:
3129:
1086:
1023:
2984:
1125:
960:
61:
3134:
2924:
850:
822:. Many of their relatives converted to Catholicism to prevent the confiscation of their estates.
437:
329:
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Sz. Kristóf, Ildikó (2013). "Witch-Hunting in Early Modern Hungary". In Levack, Brian P. (ed.).
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30:
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1096:
II and offered to abdicate in January 1597. After he returned to Transylvania, he restored the
776:
529:
July 1581, reminding him of his obligation to pay a yearly tribute of 15,000 florins. However,
445:
429:
309:
88:
45:
2917:
1229:
The elected leader of the Transylvanian noblemen, István Csáky, sought assistance from Rudolph
759:
in August. The sultan ordered Sigismund to send reinforcements to support the Ottoman army in
421:
325:
271:
1129:
1035:
919:
April. The Diet also prohibited religious innovations, which gave rise to the persecution of
1250:
1223:
3124:
3119:
1264:
The sultan's envoy confirmed Sigismund's position as Prince of Transylvania in Brassó (now
1000:
920:
894:
484:
389:
344:
the sole regent in 1585. Sigismund adopted the title of prince after Stephen Báthory died.
1149:
999:(who was the mother of his executed cousin, Balthasar Báthory) of witchcraft, causing his
678:
620:
562:
530:
347:
The Diet proclaimed Sigismund to be of age in 1588, but only after he agreed to expel the
313:
123:
8:
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Szabó, Péter Károly (2012). "Báthory Zsigmond". In Gujdár, Noémi; Szatmáry, Nóra (eds.).
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952:
886:
772:
737:
717:
688:, to Tuscany to start negotiations regarding his marriage to Eleonora Orsini (a niece of
566:
397:
237:
49:
2626:
1041:
Since the Ottoman army outnumbered the forces at Sigismund's disposal, he proposed the
944:
842:
798:
752:
685:
601:
409:
393:
371:
359:
337:
301:
226:
53:
2941:
643:
December it ordered the expulsion of the Jesuits and declared Sigismund to be of age.
448:
and made Sigismund's father voivode. Stephen Báthory set up a separate chancellery in
433:
333:
106:
2865:
2835:
2816:
2795:
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2755:
2736:
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890:
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702:
467:
463:
401:
385:
181:
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3044:
830:
663:
261:
158:
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713:
542:
483:
Christopher Báthory fell seriously ill after his wife's death. At his request, the
400:, acknowledged his suzerainty. Their united forces defeated an Ottoman army in the
80:
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1212:
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2180:
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2176:
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1027:
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405:
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June, forcing him to swear fealty to him. Thereafter, Sigismund styled himself "
728:
December 1592. He also persuaded Sigismund to order the execution of Gálffy on 8
628:
574:
558:
341:
116:
1257:
August 1601. After the battle, Sigismund fled to Moldavia, but he returned on 6
1238:
1211:
February 1600 Sigismund announced that he was ready to return to Transylvania.
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745:
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456:
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127:
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The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America
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1128:, England) displaying the coat of arms that Sigismund Báthory granted to Sir
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760:
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352:
22:
2645:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 513–514.
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983:
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in Romania) the center of those who opposed Ghyczy's rule. Kovacsóczy, the
379:
1078:
885:
Sigismund decided to join the Holy League together with Aaron the Tyrant,
2630:
1307:
1015:
488:
222:
1108:
1042:
2834:. Romanian Academy, Center for Transylvanian Studies. pp. 99–111.
1082:
2888:
2794:. Romanian Academy, Center for Transylvanian Studies. pp. 75–96.
2693:. Romanian Academy, Center for Transylvanian Studies. pp. 15–73.
1061:
December. Sigismund left for Prague to start negotiations with Rudolph
701:
the "two monsters and greatest disasters of the Transylvanian realm".
573:
May 1585. He replaced the three councillors with the devout Calvinist
74:
1031:
993:
870:
651:
Sigismund took the customary oath of the Transylvanian monarchs on 23
522:
1265:
1192:
910:
II recognized Sigismund's hereditary right to rule Transylvania and
733:
449:
874:
784:
662:
him for the expulsion of the Jesuits. Sigismund's cousin, Cardinal
534:
1175:
1163:
The Diet of Transylvania acknowledged Sigismund's abdication on 23
673:
424:
and his second wife, Elisabeth Bocskai. He was born in Várad (now
1299:
1157:
964:
911:
348:
321:
256:
65:
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to await the arrival of the Transylvanian and Moldavian troops.
940:
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2184:
2078:
1311:
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in Romania) in 1573, according to the Transylvanian historian,
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208:
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in disguise to start negotiations regarding his marriage with
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March 1601. The Diet proclaimed him prince in Kolozsvár on 3
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712:
At the demand of the sultan, Transylvania troops assisted
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was planning to occupy Transylvania. At the proposal of
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The History of Transylvania, Vo. II (From 1541 to 1711)
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The History of Transylvania, Vo. II (From 1541 to 1711)
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The History of Transylvania, Vo. II (From 1541 to 1711)
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Moldavia defeated the retreating Ottoman army in the
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to supervise the administration of the principality.
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2010:
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499:, headed the council. Christopher Báthory died on 27
487:
elected Sigismund voivode in Kolozsvár (present-day
2815:(in Hungarian). Reader's Digest. pp. 184–187.
2714:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 390–430.
2710:Magyarország történeti kronológiája, II: 1526–1848
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1293:. Before long, he went to Prague to beg for Rudolph
1014:in Romania) and other Ottoman fortresses along the
616:, who had also laid claim to Poland and Lithuania.
600:August 1587. Five days later, the assembly elected
444:in late 1575, Stephen Báthory adopted the title of
2460:
1485:
1277:July. He left Transylvania for the last time on 26
955:, Prince of Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldavia,
2096:
2007:
1396:
1373:
459:, but his mother was Calvinist. According to the
3101:
1116:, who urged Sigismund to return to Transylvania
779:, asking her to intervene on his behalf at the
432:. At the time of Sigismund's birth, his uncle,
1092:Sigismund again went to Prague to meet Rudolph
906:January 1595. According to the treaty, Rudolph
836:Prince of Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldavia
2864:. Oxford University Press. pp. 334–354.
1148:II granted Sigismund the Silesian duchies of
1026:, but he could not prevent them from seizing
846:Sigismund's wife, Maria Christina of Habsburg
470:in his youth. His mother died in early 1581.
1318:March 1613. He was buried in a crypt in the
1160:. The agreement was kept secret for months.
580:
2859:
2126:
732:March 1593. That summer, Sigismund went to
2707:
2608:
2596:
2584:
2530:
2511:
2481:
2415:
2391:
2336:
2279:
2241:
2047:
1945:
1928:
1916:
1845:
1793:
1656:
1525:
1508:
1448:
1289:Basta's soldiers accompanied Sigismund to
1103:
854:Thaler of Sigismund Báthory minted in 1595
608:, Transylvanian troops supported Sigismund
73:
1098:Roman Catholic bishopric in Gyulafehérvár
797:wanted to persuade Sigismund to join the
312:several times between 1586 and 1602, and
2851:Székely Mózes: Erdély székely fejedelme
2848:
2090:
1217:
1119:
1107:
982:August. However, the marriage was never
857:
849:
841:
829:
672:
505:
2829:
2687:
1537:
1479:
1460:
1433:
763:. According to diplomatic sources, the
336:. Sigismund was still a child when the
3102:
1077:March. He laid siege to Temesvár (now
2808:
2654:. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 247–300.
2649:
2545:
2454:
2403:
2319:
2167:
1781:
1564:
1421:
1367:
646:
525:, confirmed Sigismund's election on 3
220:27 March 1613 (aged 39–40)
2768:
2749:
2728:
2625:
2572:
2427:
2370:
2353:
2298:
2258:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2138:
2114:
2059:
2001:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1904:
1889:
1872:
1857:
1820:
1805:
1758:
1737:
1722:
1710:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1639:
1624:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1576:
1496:
1409:
1390:
635:, remained neutral in the conflict.
2789:
2673:. The Center for Romanian Studies.
2496:
2466:
2102:
2022:
751:Murad III declared war against the
684:Sigismund dispatched his favorite,
577:, making him regent for Sigismund.
13:
3145:17th-century Hungarian LGBT people
3140:16th-century Hungarian LGBT people
834:Sigismund Báthory using the title
553:He reorganized the government on 3
455:Sigismund's father and uncle were
332:(or deputy) of the absent prince,
16:Prince of Transylvania (1573–1613)
14:
3171:
1306:Sigismund received the domain of
2849:Szekeres, Lukács Sándor (2007).
783:. She ordered her ambassador at
748:, but the plan came to nothing.
533:, a young nobleman who lived in
513:shortly before Sigismund's birth
1156:and a yearly subsidy of 50,000
965:Parts of the Kingdom of Hungary
957:Prince of the Holy Roman Empire
66:Parts of the Kingdom of Hungary
58:Prince of the Holy Roman Empire
3155:People of the Long Turkish War
1337:List of rulers of Transylvania
1124:Window in St Helena's Church (
825:
677:Sigismund's cousin and rival,
588:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
2735:(in Hungarian). Új Mandátum.
1347:
1284:
547:Three Nations of Transylvania
415:
1297:II's mercy. He received the
1112:Sigismund's maternal uncle,
511:Principality of Transylvania
308:; 1573 – 27 March 1613) was
240:, Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia
204:Principality of Transylvania
33:when mentioning individuals.
7:
3084:Land of the Hungarian Crown
3057:Land of the Hungarian Crown
3022:Land of the Hungarian Crown
2961:Land of the Hungarian Crown
1325:
1089:between 23 and 26 October.
972:Maria Christina of Habsburg
902:Holy League in Prague on 28
775:, Sigismund sent envoys to
596:(or general assembly) on 14
368:Maria Christina of Habsburg
250:Maria Christina of Habsburg
10:
3176:
2992:Duke of Opole and Racibórz
2632:"Báthory, Sigismund"
2618:
1018:before the end of August.
633:chancellor of Transylvania
478:
20:
3150:Hungarian Roman Catholics
3078:
3069:
3051:
3041:
3032:
3016:
2998:
2989:
2973:
2955:
2946:
2938:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2882:
2775:(in Hungarian). Kossuth.
1233:II's military commander,
740:, the sister of Sigismund
604:king. During the ensuing
581:Prince under guardianship
420:Sigismund was the son of
378:. The marriage was never
285:
277:
267:
255:
245:
232:
216:
196:
192:
177:
169:
164:
154:
146:
141:
133:
122:
112:
102:
94:
87:
72:
43:
38:
3115:Voivodes of Transylvania
791:, to support Sigismund.
473:
328:, ruled Transylvania as
29:. This article uses
21:The native form of this
3110:Princes of Transylvania
2925:Voivode of Transylvania
2771:A rossz hírű Báthoryak
2652:History of Transylvania
2642:Encyclopædia Britannica
1104:Abdications and returns
1087:Battle of Mezőkeresztes
690:Ferdinando I de' Medici
438:voivode of Transylvania
3072:Prince of Transylvania
3035:Prince of Transylvania
2985:John Sigismund Zápolya
2949:Prince of Transylvania
1332:Moldavian Magnate Wars
1226:
1144:December 1597. Rudolph
1133:
1117:
1010:, captured Lippa (now
882:
855:
847:
839:
777:Elizabeth I of England
681:
614:Maximilian of Habsburg
514:
446:Prince of Transylvania
440:. After being elected
310:Prince of Transylvania
305:
165:Prince of Transylvania
142:Prince of Transylvania
89:Prince of Transylvania
46:Prince of Transylvania
2769:Nagy, László (1984).
2750:Keul, István (2009).
2729:Horn, Ildikó (2002).
1221:
1123:
1111:
961:Count of the Székelys
861:
853:
845:
833:
676:
619:Sigismund's cousins,
509:
491:in Romania) around 15
324:in 1598. His father,
62:Count of the Székelys
3160:LGBT Roman Catholics
2671:A History of Romania
1725:, pp. 161, 163.
1424:, pp. 261, 264.
1342:János Baranyai Decsi
1314:in Libochovice on 27
1024:Battle of Călugăreni
986:. Sigismund accused
974:, a niece of Rudolph
947:the new voivode on 3
921:Szekler Sabbatarians
895:voivode of Wallachia
877:over the retreating
838:in a 1595 engraving.
773:Chancellor of Poland
485:Diet of Transylvania
390:Voivode of Wallachia
338:Diet of Transylvania
2918:Christopher Báthory
2627:Bain, Robert Nisbet
2499:, pp. 296–297.
2406:, pp. 295–296.
2185:Bolovan et al. 1997
2079:Bolovan et al. 1997
1989:, pp. 108–109.
1931:, pp. 413–414.
1919:, pp. 412–413.
1627:, pp. 117–119.
1603:, pp. 109–110.
1591:, pp. 105–106.
1320:St. Vitus Cathedral
953:By the Grace of God
887:voivode of Moldavia
718:Voivode of Moldavia
557:May 1583, charging
422:Christopher Báthory
398:Voivode of Moldavia
326:Christopher Báthory
272:Christopher Báthory
238:St. Vitus Cathedral
3088:Title next held by
3061:Title last held by
3026:Title last held by
3006:Title next held by
2981:Title last held by
2965:Title next held by
2884:Sigismund Báthory
1251:Battle of Goroszló
1227:
1224:Battle of Goroszló
1134:
1118:
970:Sigismund married
883:
856:
848:
840:
753:Holy Roman Emperor
682:
647:Internal conflicts
602:Sigismund III Vasa
515:
372:Holy Roman Emperor
227:Kingdom of Bohemia
31:Western name order
3098:
3097:
3042:Succeeded by
2933:Office abolished
2871:978-0-19-957816-0
2841:978-973-7784-04-9
2822:978-963-289-214-6
2801:978-973-7784-04-9
2761:978-90-04-17652-2
2700:978-973-7784-04-9
1463:, pp. 54–55.
1195:in Romania) on 21
1070:" in early 1596.
1048:Battle of Giurgiu
1034:. He withdrew to
1008:Ban of Karánsebes
932:Wallachian boyars
891:Michael the Brave
863:Battle of Giurgiu
795:Pope Clement VIII
707:House of Lorraine
703:Pope Clement VIII
679:Balthasar Báthory
606:war of succession
563:Farkas Kovacsóczy
468:Anti-Trinitarians
464:Antonio Possevino
430:István Szamosközy
402:Battle of Giurgiu
386:Michael the Brave
370:, a niece of the
298:Sigismund Báthory
295:
294:
281:Elisabeth Bocskai
182:Michael the Brave
39:Sigismund Báthory
3167:
2939:Preceded by
2915:Preceded by
2905:
2898:
2889:House of Báthory
2880:
2879:
2875:
2856:
2845:
2826:
2805:
2786:
2765:
2746:
2725:
2704:
2684:
2665:
2646:
2634:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2549:
2543:
2534:
2528:
2515:
2509:
2500:
2494:
2485:
2479:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2374:
2368:
2357:
2351:
2340:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2302:
2296:
2283:
2277:
2262:
2256:
2245:
2239:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2171:
2165:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2127:Sz. Kristóf 2013
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2026:
2020:
2005:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1949:
1943:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1893:
1887:
1876:
1870:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1824:
1818:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1762:
1756:
1741:
1735:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1660:
1654:
1643:
1637:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1483:
1477:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1394:
1388:
1371:
1365:
1317:
1296:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1268:in Romania) on 2
1260:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1232:
1222:Allegory of the
1210:
1206:
1198:
1189:
1181:
1170:
1166:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1095:
1076:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1020:Koca Sinan Pasha
1006:György Borbély,
998:
995:
981:
977:
950:
937:
918:
909:
905:
900:
816:
812:
743:
731:
727:
714:Aaron the Tyrant
654:
642:
611:
599:
572:
556:
543:Koca Sinan Pasha
528:
502:
494:
314:Duke of Racibórz
306:Báthory Zsigmond
212:
124:Duke of Racibórz
81:Dominicus Custos
77:
36:
35:
27:Báthory Zsigmond
3175:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3100:
3099:
3089:
3086:
3075:
3062:
3059:
3047:
3038:
3027:
3024:
3010:Gabriel Bethlen
3007:
3004:
2995:
2982:
2979:
2966:
2963:
2952:
2944:
2942:Stephen Báthory
2928:
2920:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2872:
2855:(in Hungarian).
2842:
2823:
2802:
2783:
2762:
2743:
2731:Báthory András
2722:
2701:
2681:
2662:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2609:Granasztói 1981
2607:
2603:
2597:Granasztói 1981
2595:
2591:
2585:Granasztói 1981
2583:
2579:
2571:
2552:
2544:
2537:
2531:Granasztói 1981
2529:
2518:
2512:Granasztói 1981
2510:
2503:
2495:
2488:
2482:Granasztói 1981
2480:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2453:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2416:Granasztói 1981
2414:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2392:Granasztói 1981
2390:
2377:
2369:
2360:
2352:
2343:
2337:Granasztói 1981
2335:
2326:
2318:
2305:
2297:
2286:
2280:Granasztói 1981
2278:
2265:
2257:
2248:
2242:Granasztói 1981
2240:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2174:
2166:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2048:Granasztói 1981
2046:
2029:
2021:
2008:
2000:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1952:
1946:Granasztói 1981
1944:
1935:
1929:Granasztói 1981
1927:
1923:
1917:Granasztói 1981
1915:
1911:
1903:
1896:
1888:
1879:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1846:Granasztói 1981
1844:
1827:
1819:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1794:Granasztói 1981
1792:
1788:
1780:
1765:
1757:
1744:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1663:
1657:Granasztói 1981
1655:
1646:
1638:
1631:
1623:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1526:Granasztói 1981
1524:
1515:
1509:Granasztói 1981
1507:
1503:
1495:
1486:
1478:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1449:Granasztói 1981
1447:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1408:
1397:
1389:
1374:
1366:
1355:
1350:
1328:
1315:
1294:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1230:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1187:
1179:
1168:
1164:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1114:Stephen Bocskai
1106:
1093:
1074:
1068:Bloody Carnival
1062:
1058:
1051:
990:
979:
975:
948:
935:
916:
907:
903:
898:
828:
814:
810:
804:Hungarian Crown
741:
729:
725:
655:December 1588.
652:
649:
640:
625:Stephen Báthory
609:
597:
583:
570:
554:
526:
500:
497:Stephen Bocskai
492:
481:
476:
434:Stephen Báthory
418:
406:Stephen Bocskai
334:Stephen Báthory
241:
221:
206:
201:
107:Stephen Báthory
83:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3173:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3135:Dukes of Opole
3132:
3130:Báthory family
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3096:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3068:
3065:Andrew Báthory
3060:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3045:Andrew Báthory
3043:
3040:
3031:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3005:
3002:
2997:
2988:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2910:Regnal titles
2907:
2906:
2886:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2870:
2857:
2846:
2840:
2827:
2821:
2806:
2800:
2787:
2781:
2766:
2760:
2747:
2741:
2726:
2720:
2705:
2699:
2685:
2679:
2666:
2660:
2647:
2637:Chisholm, Hugh
2622:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:, p. 439.
2601:
2599:, p. 428.
2589:
2587:, p. 424.
2577:
2575:, p. 141.
2550:
2548:, p. 297.
2535:
2533:, p. 423.
2516:
2514:, p. 422.
2501:
2486:
2484:, p. 421.
2471:
2469:, p. 296.
2459:
2457:, p. 296.
2432:
2430:, p. 215.
2420:
2418:, p. 420.
2408:
2396:
2394:, p. 419.
2375:
2373:, p. 137.
2358:
2356:, p. 136.
2341:
2339:, p. 418.
2324:
2322:, p. 186.
2303:
2301:, p. 135.
2284:
2282:, p. 417.
2263:
2261:, p. 123.
2246:
2244:, p. 416.
2225:
2223:, p. 122.
2213:
2211:, p. 119.
2201:
2199:, p. 117.
2189:
2187:, p. 145.
2172:
2170:, p. 295.
2143:
2141:, p. 131.
2131:
2129:, p. 348.
2119:
2117:, p. 126.
2107:
2095:
2093:, p. 118.
2083:
2081:, p. 144.
2064:
2062:, p. 140.
2052:
2050:, p. 415.
2027:
2006:
2004:, p. 139.
1991:
1979:
1977:, p. 108.
1967:
1965:, p. 183.
1950:
1948:, p. 414.
1933:
1921:
1909:
1907:, p. 180.
1894:
1892:, p. 178.
1877:
1875:, p. 177.
1862:
1860:, p. 168.
1850:
1848:, p. 412.
1825:
1823:, p. 167.
1810:
1808:, p. 166.
1798:
1796:, p. 411.
1786:
1784:, p. 294.
1763:
1761:, p. 164.
1742:
1740:, p. 103.
1727:
1715:
1713:, p. 162.
1700:
1698:, p. 127.
1688:
1686:, p. 134.
1676:
1674:, p. 133.
1661:
1659:, p. 410.
1644:
1642:, p. 101.
1629:
1617:
1615:, p. 110.
1605:
1593:
1581:
1579:, p. 109.
1569:
1567:, p. 293.
1542:
1540:, p. 101.
1530:
1528:, p. 408.
1513:
1511:, p. 407.
1501:
1499:, p. 100.
1484:
1465:
1453:
1451:, p. 406.
1438:
1426:
1414:
1395:
1372:
1370:, p. 184.
1352:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1286:
1283:
1105:
1102:
988:Margit Majláth
827:
824:
746:King of Sweden
664:Andrew Báthory
660:excommunicated
648:
645:
582:
579:
567:László Sombori
519:Ottoman Sultan
480:
477:
475:
472:
457:Roman Catholic
442:King of Poland
417:
414:
364:Ottoman Empire
356:excommunicated
293:
292:
290:Roman Catholic
287:
283:
282:
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
262:Báthory family
259:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
236:
234:
230:
229:
218:
214:
213:
198:
194:
193:
190:
189:
179:
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
162:
161:
159:Andrew Báthory
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
85:
84:
78:
70:
69:
41:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3172:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
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3111:
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3092:Moses Székely
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2904:27 March 1613
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2782:963-09-2308-4
2778:
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2763:
2757:
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2748:
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2742:963-9336-51-3
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2721:963-05-2662-X
2717:
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2680:973-98091-0-3
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2156:
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2150:
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2140:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2111:
2105:, p. 79.
2104:
2099:
2092:
2091:Szekeres 2007
2087:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2025:, p. 78.
2024:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1971:
1964:
1959:
1957:
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1947:
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1534:
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1505:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1482:, p. 55.
1481:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1436:, p. 27.
1435:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1412:, p. 99.
1411:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1393:, p. 97.
1392:
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1267:
1262:
1252:
1240:
1236:
1235:Giorgio Basta
1225:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:Moses Székely
1201:
1194:
1184:
1177:
1172:
1161:
1159:
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1009:
1004:
1002:
996:
989:
985:
973:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
946:
945:Ștefan Răzvan
942:
933:
928:
926:
925:Udvarhelyszék
922:
913:
896:
892:
888:
880:
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868:
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823:
821:
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796:
792:
790:
789:Edward Barton
786:
782:
781:Sublime Porte
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:Royal Hungary
758:
754:
749:
747:
739:
735:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
699:
693:
691:
687:
686:István Jósika
680:
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667:
665:
661:
658:
657:Pope Sixtus V
644:
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394:Ștefan Răzvan
391:
387:
383:
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365:
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353:Pope Sixtus V
350:
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71:
68:
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63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
37:
32:
28:
24:
23:personal name
19:
3090:
3079:
3070:
3063:
3052:
3033:
3028:
3017:
3008:
3003:Royal domain
2999:
2990:
2983:
2978:Royal domain
2974:
2967:
2956:
2947:
2932:
2923:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2861:
2853:
2850:
2831:
2813:
2810:
2791:
2773:
2770:
2751:
2733:
2730:
2712:
2709:
2690:
2670:
2651:
2640:
2604:
2592:
2580:
2462:
2423:
2411:
2399:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2098:
2086:
2055:
1982:
1970:
1924:
1912:
1853:
1801:
1789:
1718:
1691:
1679:
1620:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1572:
1538:Szegedi 2009
1533:
1504:
1480:Felezeu 2009
1461:Felezeu 2009
1456:
1434:Felezeu 2009
1429:
1417:
1305:
1298:
1288:
1263:
1228:
1202:
1185:
1173:
1162:
1135:
1091:
1072:
1056:
1040:
1005:
969:
963:and Lord of
929:
884:
867:Transylvania
835:
808:
793:
769:Jan Zamoyski
765:grand vizier
750:
711:
696:informed at
694:
683:
668:
650:
637:
618:
612:III against
591:
584:
575:János Ghyczy
559:Sándor Kendi
551:
539:Grand Vizier
531:Pál Márkházy
516:
482:
454:
419:
384:
362:against the
346:
342:János Ghyczy
297:
296:
185:
117:János Ghyczy
79:Portrait by
64:and Lord of
44:
26:
18:
3125:1613 deaths
3120:1573 births
1322:in Prague.
1308:Libochovice
1281:July 1602.
1261:September.
1016:Maros River
991: [
984:consummated
826:Holy League
799:Holy League
489:Cluj-Napoca
380:consummated
360:Holy League
223:Libochovice
178:Predecessor
103:Predecessor
3104:Categories
3076:1601–1602
3039:1598–1599
2953:1586–1598
2929:1581–1586
2546:Barta 1994
2455:Barta 1994
2404:Barta 1994
2320:Szabó 2012
2168:Barta 1994
1782:Barta 1994
1565:Barta 1994
1422:Barta 1994
1368:Szabó 2012
1348:References
1285:Last years
1130:John Smith
1126:Willoughby
1083:Mehmed III
1028:Târgoviște
943:. He made
820:Unitarians
722:Pál Gyulai
436:, was the
416:Early life
376:Rudolph II
211:, Romania)
2754:. Brill.
2573:Nagy 1984
2428:Horn 2002
2371:Nagy 1984
2354:Nagy 1984
2299:Nagy 1984
2259:Nagy 1984
2221:Nagy 1984
2209:Nagy 1984
2197:Nagy 1984
2139:Nagy 1984
2115:Nagy 1984
2060:Keul 2009
2002:Keul 2009
1987:Nagy 1984
1975:Nagy 1984
1963:Horn 2002
1905:Horn 2002
1890:Horn 2002
1873:Horn 2002
1858:Horn 2002
1821:Horn 2002
1806:Horn 2002
1759:Horn 2002
1738:Nagy 1984
1723:Horn 2002
1711:Horn 2002
1696:Keul 2009
1684:Horn 2002
1672:Horn 2002
1640:Nagy 1984
1625:Horn 2002
1613:Horn 2002
1601:Horn 2002
1589:Horn 2002
1577:Horn 2002
1497:Nagy 1984
1410:Nagy 1984
1391:Nagy 1984
1300:incolatus
1079:Timișoara
1036:Stoenești
1032:Bucharest
1001:impotence
871:Wallachia
621:Balthasar
523:Murad III
302:Hungarian
173:1601–1602
155:Successor
150:1598–1599
98:1586–1598
50:Wallachia
3029:himself
2968:himself
2629:(1911).
2497:Pop 2009
2467:Pop 2009
2103:Pop 2009
2023:Pop 2009
1326:See also
1150:Racibórz
994:Wikidata
978:II, on 6
875:Moldavia
785:Istanbul
535:Istanbul
286:Religion
186:de facto
54:Moldavia
2639:(ed.).
2619:Sources
1158:thalers
1043:Székely
912:Partium
879:Ottoman
757:Rudolph
724:, on 10
629:Făgăraș
479:Voivode
410:Bohemia
349:Jesuits
330:voivode
322:Silesia
202:Várad,
3080:Vacant
3053:Vacant
3018:Vacant
3000:Vacant
2975:Vacant
2957:Vacant
2900:
2868:
2838:
2819:
2798:
2779:
2758:
2739:
2718:
2697:
2677:
2658:
1316:
1312:stroke
1295:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:Brașov
1259:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1231:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:Mediaș
1188:
1180:
1169:
1165:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1094:
1075:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1012:Lipova
980:
976:
949:
936:
917:
908:
904:
899:
897:, on 5
889:, and
873:, and
815:
811:
742:
734:Kraków
730:
726:
698:Vienna
653:
641:
610:
598:
571:
565:, and
555:
527:
501:
493:
461:Jesuit
450:Kraków
426:Oradea
392:, and
278:Mother
268:Father
246:Spouse
233:Burial
209:Oradea
113:Regent
52:, and
2996:1598
2902:Died:
2895:Born:
2635:. In
1291:Tokaj
1239:Tatar
1176:Sebeș
1154:Opole
1050:on 25
997:]
503:May.
474:Reign
318:Opole
257:House
207:(now
170:Reign
147:Reign
134:Reign
128:Opole
95:Reign
2897:1573
2866:ISBN
2836:ISBN
2817:ISBN
2796:ISBN
2777:ISBN
2756:ISBN
2737:ISBN
2716:ISBN
2695:ISBN
2675:ISBN
2656:ISBN
1253:on 3
1152:and
1030:and
941:Iași
930:The
881:army
738:Anna
623:and
593:Sejm
517:The
316:and
217:Died
200:1573
197:Born
137:1598
126:and
967:".
923:in
320:in
25:is
3106::
2553:^
2538:^
2519:^
2504:^
2489:^
2474:^
2435:^
2378:^
2361:^
2344:^
2327:^
2306:^
2287:^
2266:^
2249:^
2228:^
2175:^
2146:^
2067:^
2030:^
2009:^
1994:^
1953:^
1936:^
1897:^
1880:^
1865:^
1828:^
1813:^
1766:^
1745:^
1730:^
1703:^
1664:^
1647:^
1632:^
1545:^
1516:^
1487:^
1468:^
1441:^
1398:^
1375:^
1356:^
959:,
927:.
915:16
893:,
869:,
787:,
771:,
755:,
716:,
709:.
561:,
541:,
521:,
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388:,
382:.
374:,
351:.
304::
225:,
60:,
56:,
48:,
2874:.
2844:.
2825:.
2804:.
2785:.
2764:.
2745:.
2724:.
2703:.
2683:.
2664:.
1132:.
1066:"
300:(
188:)
184:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
