Gabriel Báthory - Knowledge

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his command supported Forgách, most Protestant noblemen refused to join the invasion. Most Transylvanians regarded the invasion as an unlawful action, and only the Saxons were willing to support Forgách. He and Radu Şerban besieged Szeben, but could not capture it. Gabriel sent envoys to Istanbul, seeking assistance from the Sublime Porte. Nagy and his Hajdú troops deserted Forgách and routed the reinforcements sent to him from Upper Hungary in mid-September. After learning of the arrival of Ottoman troops to support Gabriel, Radu Şerban withdrew from Szeben; this forced Forgách to lift the siege. The Transylvanian army routed the retreating royal troops, capturing hundreds of soldiers.

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Géczi and Miklós Abaffy soon hatched a plot to murder Gabriel in Várad. They entered his room on 26 October 1613 and persuaded him to give them his sword, but did not attack the strong prince because he still had a dagger. The following day, Abaffy told Gabriel that the troops from Royal Hungary wanted to see him. After visiting Abaffy's army, Gabriel returned to Várad in a carriage. Horsemen suddenly attacked the carriage, forcing it to turn into a narrow street. Gabriel jumped out of the carriage, but was soon shot. He tried to resist at a willow tree near the

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ordered the princes of Moldavia and Wallachia to send reinforcements and the Saxons to pay a tax of 100,000 florins, the prince of Moldavia did not send troops and the Saxons paid only 10,000 florins. Imreffy again went to Royal Hungary to negotiate with Thurzó in Kassa. By 15 August, they reached a compromise which resolved most of the contentious issues. However, Matthias II did not ratify the agreement because it stated that Transylvania was not required to provide military assistance to Royal Hungary against the Ottomans.

1254: 981: 861:, was accused of maintaining secret correspondence with Transylvanian exiles in 1604. To avoid imprisonment, he rose up in open rebellion with the backing of the Hajdú, irregular troops stationed along the borders of Transylvania and Royal Hungary. Although Stephen Báthory did not openly support Bocskai, he sent Gabriel to Bocskai's court in Kassa. Sixteen-year-old Gabriel participated in a battle against the royal army near 882:. Stephen Báthory died on 25 July 1605. He had willed most of his estates to Gabriel, who became one of the wealthiest noblemen in Bocskai's realm. Bocskai hinted that he regarded Gabriel as his successor, ordering Bálint Drugeth (commander-in-chief of his army in Upper Hungary) to "hold Gabriel Báthory in the highest esteem among the Hungarian lords" if he did not return from his meeting with 31: 1245:. Weiss, who wanted to install Géczi as prince in Gyulafehérvár, left Brassó at the head of an undisciplined army on 8 October 1612. Gabriel attacked Weiss and his troops, annihilating them six days later. Weiss was beheaded on the battlefield, and Géczi withdrew to Brassó. The Diet sentenced the absent Géczi and Bethlen to death, granting amnesty to those who had surrendered. 1100:, the conspirators wanted to murder Gabriel because his undisciplined Hajdú troops had destroyed many villages. Calvinist pastor Máté Szepsi Laczkó said that the Catholic noblemen wanted to get rid of the Protestant prince. Others claimed that Boldizsár Kornis (captain of the Székelys) joined the plot because Gabriel had tried to seduce his young wife. 333:

but they were to seek the Ottoman sultans' confirmation to rule the principality. The Habsburg kings of Royal Hungary regarded the principality as a part of their realm and the first rulers of the principality acknowledged the Habsburgs' claim in secret treaties in the 1570s. The Diet of Transylvania consisted primarily of the representatives of the

1281:, invaded the principality three weeks later. By early October, Ottoman troops arrived to support Bethlen. Gabriel fled from Transylvania proper and withdrew to Várad to seek assistance from Royal Hungary against Bethlen and his allies. Zsigmond Forgách sent an army of 2,000 troops, commanded by Miklós Abafy, to Várad. 321:. Stephen was captain of Várad when Gabriel was born. Gabriel's mother was his father's first wife, Zsuzsanna Bebek. Although she had already given birth to four children, none survived infancy. Sigismund Báthory dismissed Gabriel's father from Várad in the summer of 1592, and Gabriel's family then moved to the 1114:

in Romania) in June, but they could not reach an agreement. He said during the negotiations that he was a sovereign, but the palatine was merely a "lord's serf". After returning to Transylvania, Gabriel planned to reunite Royal Hungary and Transylvania under his rule with Ottoman support. Although he

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in Romania) during the night of 10–11 March 1610, a man entered his bedroom. Although the intruder had wanted to stab Gabriel, he changed his mind and confessed that Kendi and other (mostly-Catholic) noblemen had hired him. Kendi soon fled to Royal Hungary, but his accomplices were captured. The Diet

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The Principality of Transylvania emerged after the disintegration of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary in the 1540s. The principality included the eastern and northeastern regions of the medieval kingdom and its princes paid a yearly tribute to the Ottoman sultans. The princes were elected by the Diet,

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from Transylvania, offering to defend the Catholic Church in the principality if he ascended the throne and saying that he was ready to reconvert to Catholicism. Rudolph made him governor of Transylvania in June, but the appointment had no real effect on Gabriel's position. Gabriel married Bocskai's

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Matthias II considered Gabriel's attack against Wallachia as treachery, because he regarded Transylvania and the two Romanian principalities as realms of the Hungarian Crown. Zsigmond Forgách, commander-in-chief of Upper Hungary, invaded Transylvania in late June. Although Nagy and the Hajdús under

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Transylvania went through a chaotic period during Gabriel's rule. Historian Katalin Péter states that Gabriel "was not the man to tolerate inaction for long" and "ruled with extravagance and capricious irresponsibility". Gabriel, according to Péter, was unable to keep a balance among the different

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Skender Pasha convoked the delegates of the Three Nations to a Diet at Gyulafehérvár. The Diet dethroned Gabriel on 21 October, urging him in a letter of farewell to accept the decision, and elected Bethlen prince two days later. According to the contemporaneous historian Máté Szepsi Lackó, András

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Géczi sent letters to András Nagy (who promised to murder Gabriel), but Nagy's letter was captured. Gabriel killed Nagy or had him executed in August, according to various sources. Gabriel Bethlen (the leading figure of the pro-Ottoman policy) fled to Ottoman territory on 12 September, and visited

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The Diet elected Gabriel prince on 7 March 1608, and sent delegates to him in Nagyecsed. Although his election was technically free, he controlled the strongest army in the principality (making resistance impossible). He pledged to respect the laws of the principality, especially the privileges of

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After being unpaid for months, the Hajdús rose up in the autumn of 1607. They offered their support to Drugeth, who refused to lead them. Gabriel also treated them with disdain and promised to protect Transylvania against them at the end of October. He soon mustered his troops and marched to Upper

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Gabriel's wife, Anna, was the daughter of György Horváth Palocsai and Krisztina Sulyok. According to Nagy Szabó, she was "a big fat woman" and Gabriel "did possibly not love her too much". Michael Weiss said that Gabriel's separation from his wife was a reason for the Saxons' rebellion because it

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Romanian Orthodox priests approached Gabriel for support against noblemen who treated them like serfs. At their request, he freed them from taxation and service demands by the landowners in June 1609. Gabriel also granted them the right to freely move about the principality. At his initiative, in

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wanted to demonstrate their right to freely elect the prince. The Diet first passed a decree prohibiting a minor from being elected prince, preventing Gabriel's election. It ignored Bocskai's last will, electing Rákóczi prince on 12 February. Gabriel mustered troops, saying that he only wanted to

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by the time he ascended the throne and his expansionist ambitions were not tolerated by the Sultan. Historian László Nagy's evaluation of Báthory's rule is different. He says that Báthory's bad fame can be traced back to the works of historians who worked in the court of Gabriel Bethlen who made

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in Slovakia) on 24 December 1612. Matthias sent his delegates to Transylvania to urge the Saxons to surrender to Gabriel. The treaty outraged Ahmed I, who decided to replace Gabriel with Bethlen in March. Matthias and Gabriel's envoys concluded a new treaty on 12 April, and Matthias acknowledged

1062:(who had persuaded Rudolph to abdicate in his favor) signed two treaties on 20 August. The first treaty summarized the privileges of the Hajdús in Royal Hungary and the Principality of Transylvania. The second recognized Gabriel as lawful ruler of Transylvania, but forbade him to secede from the 955:

at the end of the year, Gabriel began negotiations with the Hajdús. They concluded a treaty on 8 February 1608. Gabriel pledged to grant villages to the Hajdús in Partium, and they promised to support him in seizing Transylvania. He also promised to expel "heretics and idolaters" (Unitarians and

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The Ottomans routed the armies of the Holy League in a series of battles after 1595. Sigismund Báthory abdicated in favor of Gabriel's uncle, Andrew, in early 1599 in the hope that Andrew could regain the Ottoman sultans' favor with Polish mediation. Gabriel's father accompanied Andrew back to

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of the Ottoman Empire accepted the proposal, and decided to replace Gabriel with Géczi. After the burghers of Brassó refused to surrender, Gabriel invaded Burzenland and captured seven Saxon fortresses in late March and early April 1612. The Diet of Transylvania urged the Saxons of Brassó to

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in Romania), the wealthiest Saxon town, on 10 December. Although only 50 soldiers accompanied him into the town, his army was stationed on the outskirts. Gabriel stopped at the gate of the town the following day, pretending that he only wanted to study it; while the gate was open, his army

360:, was an opposition leader. Balthasar was captured and murdered at Sigismund's order in late August 1594. Gabriel's father fled from Transylvania to Poland, leaving his family behind in Szilágysomlyó; the five-year-old Gabriel was imprisoned with his mother and newborn sister, 889:

in November 1605. Young noblemen (including Gabriel's future enemy, Gabriel Bethlen) and military officials also supported Gabriel. Years later, Gáspár Bojti Veres wrote that Gabriel hosted feasts to win popularity with Bocskai's courtiers and commanders. Gabriel's relatives,

963:, on 13 February 1608 that Rákóczi had already agreed to leave Transylvania. Although the Hajdús took control of the northwestern region of Partium, Gabriel forbade them to invade Transylvania proper. János Petki announced Rákóczi's abdication at the Diet in Kolozsvár (now 865:

in early February 1605; three years later, poet János Rimay accused him of fleeing the battlefield. Rimay also said that Gabriel spent his days mainly drinking wine and allegedly had an affair with his aunt, Kata Iffjú (who was over thirty years old at the time).

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without resistance. Gabriel styled himself prince of Wallachia in a 26 January 1611 charter. According to Radu Popescu's chronicle, his troops brought pillage, destruction and death to the countryside. Gabriel sent his envoys to Istanbul, asking Ottoman Sultan

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Gabriel's hereditary right to rule Transylvania. In a secret agreement, Gabriel promised to support Matthias even against the Ottomans. He granted a royal pardon to the Saxons and their allies, including Géczi (who was made commander of Gabriel's guard).

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groups of the Transylvanian nobility, which gave rise to new tensions between Calvinists and Catholics, natives and newcomers, pro-Habsburg and pro-Ottoman politicians. Neither could he realize that the Ottoman Empire had recovered after the

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surrender in May, but the Three Nations delegates did not punish the noblemen who had fled to the town. Gabriel proposed a month later at the Diet that the principality should renounce the sultan's suzerainty, but his proposal was refused.

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Gabriel led his army from Szeben to Várad, but the Ottoman troops did not accompany him. Delegates of the counties and towns of Upper Hungary persuaded Thurzó to begin negotiations with Gabriel, and their envoys signed an agreement in

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Felezeu, Călin (2009). "The International Political Background (1541–1699); The Legal Status of the Principality of Transylvania in Its Relations with the Ottoman Porte". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András (eds.).

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Bocskai died in Kassa on 29 December 1606. A mob accused Káthay of poisoning Bocskai, and lynched him on 12 January 1607. Gabriel had demanded the Principality of Transylvania in a 2 January 1607 letter to the grand vizier,

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protect Transylvania. He demanded the cancellation of the Transylvanian decrees ordering the confiscation of his father and uncles' estates in 1595. Gabriel approached Rudolph I's councillors after the Diet expelled the

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unexpectedly marched in and captured the town without resistance. He said that he wanted to secure his entry into Szeben because the Saxons could refuse monarchs entry into their towns. According to the contemporaneous

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and ordered Gabriel to return to Transylvania in March. Although the sultan's decision outraged Gabriel, he had no choice but to accept it. Radu Şerban ousted Radu Mihnea from Wallachia at the head of an army of

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and Moldavian mercenaries. The Diet ordered the mobilization of the Transylvanian army, authorizing Gabriel to collect an extraordinary tax in April. However, Michael Weiss (who had regarded Gabriel as a new

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also acknowledged Gabriel's suzerainty and promised to pay a yearly tribute of 8,000 florins. That month, Gabriel visited Brassó. His feasts infuriated the burghers, who called him a drunkard or a greedy new

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to intervene on their behalf. Gabriel, his mother and sister were freed at the pope's request and were allowed to join Stephen in Poland. His mother became seriously ill, and died near the end of 1595.

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conscious efforts to denigrate his predecessor. Nagy also emphasizes that 17th-century popular literary works show that many commoners was mourning Báthory's death. The 20th-century Hungarian novelist

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Rudolf's troops occupied Transylvania in 1603 and his officials started to confiscate the estates of noblemen through legal proceedings on false charges of treason. One of the wealthiest landowners,

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affair with his sister, Anna, first mentioning the rumour in Istanbul in 1613 in an attempt to depose him. The accusation was repeated during a secret lawsuit against Anna, whom Bethlen accused of

898:(Kata Iffjú's husband), were his principal supporters. His position weakened after Bocskai who was taken ill suddenly had Káthay imprisoned for treason in early September 1606. Káthay's opponents, 1193:) incited the burghers of Brassó to rise up against the monarch. Gabriel dispatched Hajdú captain András Nagy to lay siege to Brassó, but Weiss bribed Nagy to lift the siege. Radu Şerban invaded 4220:

Barta, Gábor (1994). "The Emergence of the Principality and its First Crises (1526–1606)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.).

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to confirm his rule in Wallachia. He outlined a plan for the conquest of Poland. He also demanded compensation for the salaries of his Hajdús from the Ottomans, who began to call him

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the Three Nations, before accepting his election on 14 March. Gabriel was ceremoniously installed in Kolozsvár on 31 March, and the Diet granted him the domains of Fogaras (now

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Early Modern Religious Communities in East-Central Europe: Ethnic Diversity, Denominational Plurality, and Corporative Politics in the Principality of Transylvania (1526–1691)

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to secure his support, but Bethlen was imprisoned at Rákóczi's order on 26 January. Rákóczi also dismissed Várad captain Dénes Bánffy, the fiancé of Gabriel's sister Anna.

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Péter, Katalin (1994). "The Golden Age of the Principality (1606–1660)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.).

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to Istanbul to express his gratitude for Ottoman support. Géczi made an agreement with Michael Weiss in Brassó, however, and asked for Gabriel's removal on behalf of the

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Andea, Susana (2009). "Political Evolution in the 17th Century-From Stephen Bocskai to Michael Apafi". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András (eds.).

277:, and sent troops to invade the principality in August 1613. Transylvania was unable to resist and the Diet dethroned Gabriel. He was murdered by Hajdú assassins. 959:

Gabriel sent Imreffy to Rákóczi, offering to help Rákóczi seize two important domains in Upper Hungary if Rákóczi abdicated. He informed Rudolph's commissioner,

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Bocskai was elected prince of Transylvania on 21 February 1605 and prince of Hungary on 20 April of that year. His realm included most of Transylvania proper,

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in defamatory poems. Gabriel's promiscuity was notorious; he reportedly seduced young women and promoted noblemen who were willing to offer him their wives.

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Gabriel Bethlen left Istanbul in August, accompanied by Skender, the Pasha of Kanizsa. Radu Mihnea invaded Transylvania from Wallachia in early September.

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sentenced the conspirators to death on 24 March, and their estates were confiscated. Gabriel made Imreffy chancellor and Bethlen captain of the Székelys.

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Catholics) from the royal council. According to the contemporary Ferenc Nagy Szabó's memoirs, the Ottoman grand vizier soon decided to support Gabriel.

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in Romania) dissuaded him. Radu Șerban voluntarily swore fealty to Gabriel in the presence of his envoys on 31 May. On 18 July, thirteen-year-old

850:, and the wealthy Stephen Báthory converted Gabriel from Catholicism to Calvinism. Gabriel pledged that he would expel Catholics, Lutherans and 1151:

Gabriel launched a military campaign against Wallachia on 26 December. Radu Şerban fled the country, enabling Gabriel to take possession of

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in Romania) invaded the Hajdú villages in Partium, forcing them to hurry back and defend their homes. Ahmed I granted Wallachia to

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and János Rimay, persuaded the dying (and often unconscious) Bocskai to name Bálint Drugeth his successor in his last will.

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Jakó, Klára (2009). "Báthory Gábor és a román vajdaságok ". In Papp, Klára; Jeney-Tóth, Annamária; Ulrich, Attila (eds.).

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The Diet authorized Gabriel to begin negotiations with Matthias II, and their envoys signed an alliance in Pressburg (now

834:, and lost most of their father's estates; Szilágysomlyó was seized by the royal treasury, and their scattered estates in 854:

from his estates. The young Gabriel's strength was legendary, and he was said to break horseshoes with his bare hands.

206:, held estates in the principality, but never ruled it. Being a minor when his father died in 1601, Gabriel became the 1531: 831: 694: 311: 211: 203: 137: 4402:

Magyar királyok nagykönyve: Uralkodóink, kormányzóink és az erdélyi fejedelmek életének és tetteinek képes története

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confirming Gabriel's election. The sultan exempted Transylvania from paying the customary tribute for three years.

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in Romania), provoking an uprising in 1610. His attempts to expand his authority over the Ottoman vassal

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characterizes Gabriel Báthory as a "true fairy prince", adding that "fairies are unfit for this world".

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Dörner, Anton (2009). "Power structures". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András (eds.).

951:. After the representatives of the Hajdús and the noblemen of Upper Hungary made a fifty-day truce in 4588: 4530: 1001: 1217:

persuaded Matthias II not to ratify the treaty until Gabriel reached an agreement with the Saxons.

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in Romania) and Kővár as hereditary estates. He began settling the Hajdús in Partium, and granted

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The orphaned Gabriel and Anna were placed in the guardianship of their father's childless cousin,

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and the royal court. After a brief negotiation, Imreffy and representatives of Rudolph's brother

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were seized by a distant cousin, Peter Szaniszlófi. Scholar János Czeglédi educated Gabriel in

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October the Diet abolished all grants which had exempted some noble estates from taxation.

1032: 923: 258: 246: 748: 707: 357: 318: 8: 1104: 382: 960: 326: 299: 226:'s estates in 1605, Gabriel became one of the wealthiest landowners in Transylvania and 4305:. Debreceni Egyetem Történeti Intézete; Erdély-történeti Alapítvány. pp. 123–132. 1107: 1040: 915: 891: 390: 386: 338: 199: 167: 4400:

Szabó, Péter Károly (2012). "Báthory Gábor". In Gujdár, Noémi; Szatmáry, Nóra (eds.).

1303: 1172: 1012:. About 30,000 Hajdú soldiers received parcels of land from Gabriel during his reign. 599: 4407: 4386: 4367: 4346: 4325: 4306: 4285: 4264: 4244: 4225: 4206: 1478: 1214: 378: 369: 290: 835: 720: 365: 322: 295: 183: 1298: 1145: 178:

from 1608 to 1613. The Ottomans nicknamed him "Deli Kiral" (Mad King). Born to the

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He sent Bethlen to Istanbul and Imreffy to Kassa to secure his recognition by the

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The motivation for the conspiracy is unclear. According to the contemporary

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A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon

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Hungary. He again approached the royal court, asking Rudolph to make him

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and not allow serfs to join the Hajdús. However, the princes of the

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which included the northern and western parts of medieval Hungary).

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and his negotiations with Matthias II outraged the Ottoman Sultan

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acknowledged Gabriel's election. He ignored the privileges of the

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Sigismund Báthory, who was a devout Catholic, wanted to join the

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which had developed in the eastern territories of the medieval

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kinswoman, Anna Horváth Palocsai, about two months later.

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The History of Transylvania, Vo. II (From 1541 to 1711)

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The History of Transylvania, Vo. II (From 1541 to 1711)

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The History of Transylvania, Vo. II (From 1541 to 1711)

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contradicted divine law. Bethlen accused Gabriel of an

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in Romania) before dawn on 15 August 1589. His father,

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in December. Gabriel pledged to send delegates to the

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elected Gabriel prince without resistance. Both the

4406:(in Hungarian). Reader's Digest. pp. 204–205. 4166: 4139: 3458: 3431: 3392: 3365: 3353: 3326: 3297: 3285: 3273: 3261: 3249: 3216: 3141: 3108: 3096: 3075: 3063: 3051: 3022: 3010: 2986: 2971: 2959: 2935: 2920: 2689: 2600: 2576: 2525: 2435: 2372: 2357: 2328: 2244: 2172: 4103: 4086: 2947: 2905: 2859: 2844: 2815: 2791: 2767: 2740: 2701: 2677: 2665: 2636: 2564: 2486: 2450: 2408: 2384: 2345: 2214: 2199: 2155: 1241:. With their help, he contacted the grand vizier 1144:in Romania), which had been destroyed during the 4550: 261:and captured their wealthiest town, Szeben (now 186:, he was closely related to four rulers of the 1027:of Wallachia; however, the royal council and 1237:the Ottoman governors of Temesvár, Buda and 364:. Stephen and Balthasar's brother, Cardinal 245:in February 1608. Rákóczi abdicated and the 4609:Hungarian Calvinist and Reformed Christians 909:The Báthorys' fortress at Nagyecsed in 1688 377:Transylvania, and his family followed him. 218:branch of the family, who converted him to 926:. Gabriel sent Bethlen to Székely captain 29: 401:), before his death on 21 February 1601. 1252: 1122: 1079: 979: 904: 289: 174:; 15 August 1589 – 27 October 1613) was 4257: 3493: 3425: 2519: 2274: 4551: 4238: 2298: 2262: 1991: 1987: 1975: 1882: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1759: 1661: 1551: 1547: 1535: 1436: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1220:Meanwhile, Gabriel sent Hajdú captain 4399: 4385:. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 301–358. 4380: 4338: 4224:. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 247–300. 4219: 4200: 4133: 4080: 3971: 3914: 3867: 3840: 3823: 3787: 3763: 3481: 3410: 3243: 3193: 3176: 3164: 3135: 3045: 2887: 2761: 2507: 2429: 2402: 2322: 2310: 2286: 2250: 2181: 2084: 2081: 2071: 2059: 2049: 2045: 2033: 2031: 2021: 2009: 1999: 1995: 1972: 1962: 1950: 1940: 1936: 1924: 1922: 1912: 1900: 1890: 1886: 1870: 1867: 1857: 1845: 1835: 1831: 1819: 1817: 1807: 1795: 1785: 1781: 1753: 1743: 1731: 1721: 1717: 1705: 1702: 1692: 1679: 1669: 1665: 1649: 1643: 1633: 1621: 1611: 1607: 1595: 1592: 1582: 1569: 1559: 1555: 1530: 1520: 1508: 1498: 1494: 1482: 1476: 1466: 1454: 1444: 1440: 1424: 1421: 1411: 1399: 1389: 1385: 1373: 1367: 1357: 1344: 1340: 967:in Romania) on 5 March of that year. 793: 783: 777: 775: 773: 771: 747: 745: 743: 719: 717: 706: 704: 693: 661: 659: 657: 655: 629: 598: 596: 572: 570: 568: 566: 564: 562: 560: 558: 556: 553: 551: 549: 469: 467: 465: 435: 433: 431: 429: 427: 425: 423: 421: 419: 417: 415: 4362:Tündérkert fejedelme: Báthory Gábor 4359: 4319: 4298: 4277: 4184: 4172: 4160: 4148: 4121: 4109: 4097: 4068: 4053: 4041: 4022: 4007: 3995: 3983: 3950: 3938: 3926: 3897: 3882: 3855: 3811: 3799: 3775: 3746: 3734: 3717: 3705: 3693: 3681: 3666: 3654: 3642: 3630: 3618: 3606: 3594: 3582: 3570: 3558: 3546: 3534: 3522: 3510: 3464: 3452: 3440: 3398: 3386: 3374: 3359: 3347: 3332: 3320: 3308: 3291: 3279: 3267: 3255: 3222: 3210: 3152: 3114: 3102: 3090: 3069: 3057: 3028: 3016: 3004: 2992: 2980: 2965: 2953: 2941: 2929: 2914: 2899: 2870: 2853: 2838: 2826: 2809: 2797: 2785: 2773: 2746: 2734: 2722: 2710: 2695: 2683: 2671: 2659: 2647: 2630: 2618: 2606: 2594: 2582: 2570: 2558: 2546: 2534: 2492: 2480: 2468: 2456: 2444: 2417: 2390: 2378: 2366: 2351: 2339: 2238: 2223: 2208: 2193: 2166: 389:in Romania) and swore fealty to the 4430:Heraldique Europeenne: Transylvania 1164:(Mad King) because of his actions. 109:Várad, Principality of Transylvania 13: 4345:(in Hungarian). Magyar Könyvklub. 825: 237:Gabriel made an alliance with the 14: 4620: 4444: 4435: 4422: 368:(who lived in Poland), persuaded 296:Báthorys' castle at Szilágysomlyó 1023:, he decided to dethrone Prince 975: 918:. Bocskai's deputy, the elderly 869: 350:Holy League of Pope Clement VIII 4594:17th-century monarchs in Europe 306:Báthory was born in Várad (now 222:. After inheriting most of his 4599:People of the Long Turkish War 4584:17th-century murdered monarchs 1127:Szeben during the 17th century 1084:While Gabriel was sleeping at 1015:To assert his suzerainty over 760:Voivode/Prince of Transylvania 1: 4604:Assassinated Hungarian people 4284:(in Hungarian). Új Mandátum. 2149: 1228:in Istanbul in November. The 1226:Three Nations of Transylvania 1008:; others received parcels in 935:Three Nations of Transylvania 341:, the Saxon burghers and the 280: 1318:Ancestors of Gabriel Báthory 1131:Gabriel went to Szeben (now 1118: 285: 188:Principality of Transylvania 94:Principality of Transylvania 7: 894:(Bocskai's chancellor) and 10: 4625: 4193: 4124:, pp. 13–14, 244–245. 1989: 1981: 1876: 1775: 1771: 1655: 1549: 1541: 1430: 1334: 1330: 1279:Khan of the Crimean Tatars 4537: 4528: 4520: 4510: 4501: 4493: 4488: 4461: 4447:"Gábor Báthory leads the 4136:, pp. 232, 282, 289. 2065: 2047: 2039: 2015: 1997: 1993: 1956: 1938: 1930: 1906: 1888: 1884: 1851: 1833: 1825: 1801: 1783: 1779: 1737: 1719: 1711: 1686: 1667: 1663: 1627: 1609: 1601: 1576: 1557: 1553: 1514: 1496: 1488: 1460: 1442: 1438: 1405: 1387: 1379: 1351: 1338: 1309: 1167:The Ottoman governors of 1004:to those forced to leave 787: 785: 767:1581/1586–1599, 1601–1602 687: 685: 683: 677: 675: 673: 665: 663: 653: 649: 647: 645: 643: 641: 635: 543: 541: 539: 533: 531: 529: 527: 525: 523: 521: 519: 517: 515: 507: 503: 501: 499: 497: 495: 493: 487: 485: 483: 481: 479: 477: 475: 407:Báthorys in Transylvania 151: 143: 133: 125: 113: 99: 76: 72: 62: 52: 44: 37: 28: 23: 3561:, pp. 194, 290–291. 3389:, pp. 174, 177–178. 1031:(mayor of the important 970: 323:Báthorys' ancient castle 4559:Princes of Transylvania 4383:History of Transylvania 4222:History of Transylvania 1248: 987:, mayor of Brassó (now 949:voivode of Transylvania 585:Voivode of Transylvania 449:Voivode of Transylvania 253:and the Habsburg ruler 4504:Prince of Transylvania 4339:Markó, László (2000). 4301:Báthory Gábor és kora 2737:, pp. 81, 83, 94. 1262: 1128: 992: 910: 804:Prince of Transylvania 732:Prince of Transylvania 613:Prince of Transylvania 325:in Szilágysomlyó (now 316:Prince of Transylvania 303: 176:Prince of Transylvania 171: 39:Prince of Transylvania 16:Prince of Transylvania 4360:Nagy, László (1988). 4320:Keul, István (2009). 4278:Horn, Ildikó (2002). 2662:, pp. 60, 71–72. 2471:, pp. 26, 45–46. 1256: 1126: 1088:'s home in Szék (now 1080:Assassination attempt 1064:Holy Crown of Hungary 983: 933:The delegates of the 908: 293: 129:Anna Horváth Palocsai 4564:Princes of Wallachia 4531:Voivode of Wallachia 3986:, pp. 274, 276. 3929:, pp. 259, 261. 3537:, pp. 189, 215. 3007:, pp. 105, 121. 1110:in Királydaróc (now 1035:town of Brassó, now 924:Diet of Transylvania 884:Ottoman Grand Vizier 259:Transylvanian Saxons 247:Diet of Transylvania 4083:, pp. 307–308. 4056:, pp. 282–283. 3826:, pp. 311–313. 3802:, pp. 219–221. 3549:, pp. 190–191. 3455:, pp. 126–127. 3350:, pp. 176–177. 3323:, pp. 168–169. 3213:, pp. 152–153. 2902:, pp. 89, 289. 2812:, pp. 159–160. 2633:, pp. 156–157. 2621:, pp. 49, 289. 2549:, pp. 55, 289. 2432:, pp. 295–296. 2301:, pp. 154–155. 2289:, pp. 259–260. 2265:, pp. 138–139. 1703:11. Katalin Nádasdy 1593:10. Stephen Majláth 1261:in Romania) in 1617 1105:Palatine of Hungary 1044:Constantin I Movilă 1033:Transylvanian Saxon 383:Prince of Wallachia 2483:, pp. 37, 42. 1680:21. Ferenc Nádasdy 1570:20. Mátyás Majláth 1345:16. Miklós Báthory 1263: 1129: 1041:Prince of Moldavia 993: 916:Kuyucu Murad Pasha 911: 391:Holy Roman Emperor 387:Remetea Chioarului 339:Hungarian noblemen 314:, was a cousin of 304: 200:Kingdom of Hungary 4547: 4546: 4538:Succeeded by 4511:Succeeded by 4497:Sigismund Rákóczi 4436:Marek, Miroslav. 4413:978-963-289-214-6 4331:978-90-04-17652-2 4312:978-963-473-272-3 4270:978-973-7784-04-9 4250:978-973-7784-04-9 4212:978-973-7784-04-9 4187:, pp. 61–62. 2841:, pp. 65–66. 2788:, pp. 82–83. 2725:, pp. 80–81. 2597:, pp. 69–70. 2561:, pp. 56–57. 2277:, pp. 25–26. 2241:, pp. 40–41. 2196:, pp. 12–14. 2134: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2082:7. Zsófia Patócsy 1479:Catherine Telegdi 1422:4. András Báthory 1215:Holy Roman Empire 920:Sigismund Rákóczi 887:Lala Mehmed Pasha 823: 822: 819: 818: 379:Michael the Brave 370:Pope Clement VIII 319:Sigismund Báthory 243:Sigismund Rákóczi 210:of the childless 161: 160: 57:Sigismund Rákóczi 4616: 4589:1600s in Romania 4521:Preceded by 4494:Preceded by 4484: 4477: 4468:House of Báthory 4463:Gabriel Báthory 4459: 4458: 4454: 4445:Péter, Katalin. 4441: 4417: 4396: 4377: 4366:. Zrínyi Kiadó. 4356: 4335: 4316: 4295: 4274: 4254: 4235: 4216: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4146: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4026: 4020: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3901: 3895: 3886: 3880: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3844: 3838: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3803: 3797: 3791: 3785: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3761: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3497: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3429: 3423: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3363: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3197: 3191: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3139: 3133: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3043: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2933: 2927: 2918: 2912: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2874: 2868: 2857: 2851: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2750: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2634: 2628: 2622: 2616: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2505: 2496: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2442: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2326: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2227: 2221: 2212: 2206: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2170: 2164: 1324: 1323: 1315: 1314: 1299:Long Turkish War 1230:Imperial Council 1146:Long Turkish War 1138:Diego de Estrada 961:Zsigmond Forgách 844:Kraszna Counties 813: 812: 802: 801: 769: 768: 758: 757: 741: 740: 730: 729: 715: 714: 702: 701: 623: 622: 609: 608: 594: 593: 583: 582: 459: 458: 446: 445: 413: 412: 404: 403: 327:Șimleu Silvaniei 300:Șimleu Silvaniei 230:(a realm of the 106: 86: 84: 33: 21: 20: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4613: 4549: 4548: 4543: 4534: 4526: 4516: 4514:Gabriel Bethlen 4507: 4499: 4483:27 October 1613 4478: 4472: 4471: 4464: 4457: 4440:. Genealogy.EU. 4425: 4420: 4414: 4393: 4374: 4353: 4332: 4313: 4292: 4280:Báthory András 4271: 4251: 4232: 4213: 4196: 4191: 4183: 4179: 4171: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4147: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4120: 4116: 4108: 4104: 4096: 4087: 4079: 4075: 4067: 4060: 4052: 4048: 4040: 4029: 4021: 4014: 4006: 4002: 3994: 3990: 3982: 3978: 3970: 3957: 3949: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3921: 3913: 3904: 3896: 3889: 3881: 3874: 3866: 3862: 3854: 3847: 3839: 3830: 3822: 3818: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3762: 3753: 3745: 3741: 3733: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3617: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3480: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3439: 3432: 3424: 3417: 3409: 3405: 3397: 3393: 3385: 3381: 3373: 3366: 3358: 3354: 3346: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3229: 3221: 3217: 3209: 3200: 3192: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3142: 3134: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3052: 3044: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3011: 3003: 2999: 2991: 2987: 2979: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2928: 2921: 2913: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2886: 2877: 2869: 2860: 2852: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2825: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2784: 2780: 2772: 2768: 2760: 2753: 2745: 2741: 2733: 2729: 2721: 2717: 2709: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2654: 2646: 2637: 2629: 2625: 2617: 2613: 2605: 2601: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2557: 2553: 2545: 2541: 2533: 2526: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2499: 2491: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2455: 2451: 2443: 2436: 2428: 2424: 2416: 2409: 2401: 2397: 2389: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2358: 2350: 2346: 2338: 2329: 2321: 2317: 2309: 2305: 2297: 2293: 2285: 2281: 2273: 2269: 2261: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2237: 2230: 2222: 2215: 2207: 2200: 2192: 2188: 2180: 2173: 2165: 2156: 2152: 2135: 1973:Zsuzsanna Bebek 1868:6. György Bebek 1756:Gabriel Báthory 1532:Stephen Báthory 1370:Stephen Báthory 1312: 1304:Zsigmond Móricz 1251: 1211:Diet of Hungary 1121: 1082: 978: 973: 872: 859:Stephen Bocskai 832:Stephen Báthory 828: 826:In guardianship 807: 806: 805: 803: 799: 798: 797: 763: 762: 761: 759: 755: 754: 753: 735: 734: 733: 731: 727: 726: 725: 712: 711: 710: 699: 698: 697: 617: 616: 615: 610: 606: 605: 604: 588: 587: 586: 584: 580: 579: 578: 453: 452: 451: 447: 443: 442: 441: 399:king of Hungary 312:Stephen Báthory 288: 283: 275:Gabriel Bethlen 232:Habsburg Empire 212:Stephen Báthory 204:Stephen Báthory 202:). His father, 164:Gabriel Báthory 147:Zsuzsanna Bebek 138:Stephen Báthory 121: 108: 104: 103:27 October 1613 88: 82: 80: 67:Gabriel Bethlen 24:Gabriel Báthory 17: 12: 11: 5: 4622: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4579:Báthory family 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4536: 4527: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4509: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4490: 4489:Regnal titles 4486: 4485: 4476:15 August 1589 4465: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4453:. mek.oszk.hu. 4442: 4433: 4426: 4424: 4423:External links 4421: 4419: 4418: 4412: 4397: 4391: 4378: 4372: 4357: 4351: 4336: 4330: 4317: 4311: 4296: 4290: 4275: 4269: 4255: 4249: 4236: 4230: 4217: 4211: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4189: 4177: 4165: 4163:, p. 217. 4153: 4138: 4126: 4114: 4102: 4085: 4073: 4071:, p. 284. 4058: 4046: 4044:, p. 282. 4027: 4025:, p. 281. 4012: 4010:, p. 279. 4000: 3998:, p. 276. 3988: 3976: 3974:, p. 313. 3955: 3953:, p. 226. 3943: 3941:, p. 261. 3931: 3919: 3917:, p. 205. 3902: 3900:, p. 259. 3887: 3885:, p. 225. 3872: 3870:, p. 312. 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3107: 3105:, p. 145. 3095: 3093:, p. 161. 3074: 3072:, p. 135. 3062: 3060:, p. 124. 3050: 3048:, p. 306. 3033: 3031:, p. 127. 3021: 3019:, p. 126. 3009: 2997: 2995:, p. 105. 2985: 2983:, p. 104. 2970: 2968:, p. 103. 2958: 2946: 2944:, p. 101. 2934: 2932:, p. 160. 2919: 2904: 2892: 2890:, p. 305. 2875: 2858: 2843: 2831: 2814: 2802: 2790: 2778: 2766: 2764:, p. 304. 2751: 2739: 2727: 2715: 2700: 2698:, p. 159. 2688: 2676: 2664: 2652: 2635: 2623: 2611: 2609:, p. 289. 2599: 2587: 2585:, p. 156. 2575: 2563: 2551: 2539: 2537:, p. 154. 2524: 2512: 2510:, p. 297. 2497: 2485: 2473: 2461: 2449: 2447:, p. 142. 2434: 2422: 2407: 2405:, p. 295. 2395: 2383: 2381:, p. 188. 2371: 2369:, p. 187. 2356: 2344: 2342:, p. 139. 2327: 2325:, p. 294. 2315: 2313:, p. 265. 2303: 2291: 2279: 2267: 2255: 2253:, p. 261. 2243: 2228: 2213: 2198: 2186: 2184:, p. 204. 2171: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2092: 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1752: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1646:Margit Majláth 1642: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1481: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1320: 1319: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1250: 1247: 1120: 1117: 1081: 1078: 977: 974: 972: 969: 871: 868: 827: 824: 821: 820: 817: 815: 814: 791: 789: 788: 786: 784: 781: 779: 778: 776: 774: 772: 770: 746: 744: 742: 728:1562/1563–1599 718: 716: 705: 703: 691: 690: 688: 686: 684: 682: 680: 678: 676: 674: 672: 670: 667: 666: 664: 662: 660: 658: 656: 654: 652: 650: 648: 646: 644: 642: 640: 638: 636: 634: 632: 630: 627: 625: 624: 621:1571/1576–1586 597: 595: 571: 569: 567: 565: 563: 561: 559: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 546: 544: 542: 540: 538: 536: 534: 532: 530: 528: 526: 524: 522: 520: 518: 516: 514: 512: 509: 508: 506: 504: 502: 500: 498: 496: 494: 492: 490: 488: 486: 484: 482: 480: 478: 476: 474: 472: 470: 468: 466: 463: 461: 460: 434: 432: 430: 428: 426: 424: 422: 420: 418: 416: 409: 408: 397:(who was also 366:Andrew Báthory 354:Ottoman Empire 287: 284: 282: 279: 196:Ottoman Empire 184:Báthory family 182:branch of the 180:Roman Catholic 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 135: 131: 130: 127: 123: 122: 117: 115: 111: 110: 107:(aged 24) 101: 97: 96: 87:15 August 1589 78: 74: 73: 70: 69: 64: 60: 59: 54: 50: 49: 46: 42: 41: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4621: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4542: 4533: 4532: 4525: 4519: 4515: 4506: 4505: 4498: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4475: 4470: 4469: 4460: 4452: 4450: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4415: 4409: 4405: 4403: 4398: 4394: 4392:963-05-6703-2 4388: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4373:963-326-947-4 4369: 4365: 4363: 4358: 4354: 4352:963-547-085-1 4348: 4344: 4342: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4323: 4318: 4314: 4308: 4304: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4291:963-9336-51-3 4287: 4283: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4231:963-05-6703-2 4227: 4223: 4218: 4214: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4198: 4186: 4181: 4175:, p. 61. 4174: 4169: 4162: 4157: 4151:, p. 66. 4150: 4145: 4143: 4135: 4130: 4123: 4118: 4111: 4106: 4099: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4082: 4077: 4070: 4065: 4063: 4055: 4050: 4043: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4024: 4019: 4017: 4009: 4004: 3997: 3992: 3985: 3980: 3973: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3952: 3947: 3940: 3935: 3928: 3923: 3916: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3899: 3894: 3892: 3884: 3879: 3877: 3869: 3864: 3857: 3852: 3850: 3842: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3825: 3820: 3813: 3808: 3801: 3796: 3789: 3784: 3777: 3772: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3748: 3743: 3736: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3719: 3714: 3707: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3683: 3678: 3676: 3668: 3663: 3656: 3651: 3644: 3639: 3632: 3627: 3620: 3615: 3608: 3603: 3596: 3591: 3584: 3579: 3572: 3567: 3560: 3555: 3548: 3543: 3536: 3531: 3524: 3519: 3512: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3496:, p. 35. 3495: 3490: 3483: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3466: 3461: 3454: 3449: 3442: 3437: 3435: 3428:, p. 34. 3427: 3422: 3420: 3412: 3407: 3400: 3395: 3388: 3383: 3376: 3371: 3369: 3361: 3356: 3349: 3344: 3342: 3334: 3329: 3322: 3317: 3310: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3293: 3288: 3281: 3276: 3269: 3264: 3257: 3252: 3245: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3224: 3219: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3203: 3195: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3178: 3173: 3166: 3161: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3137: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3116: 3111: 3104: 3099: 3092: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3071: 3066: 3059: 3054: 3047: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3030: 3025: 3018: 3013: 3006: 3001: 2994: 2989: 2982: 2977: 2975: 2967: 2962: 2956:, p. 90. 2955: 2950: 2943: 2938: 2931: 2926: 2924: 2917:, p. 89. 2916: 2911: 2909: 2901: 2896: 2889: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2873:, p. 88. 2872: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2856:, p. 87. 2855: 2850: 2848: 2840: 2835: 2829:, p. 98. 2828: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2811: 2806: 2800:, p. 92. 2799: 2794: 2787: 2782: 2776:, p. 82. 2775: 2770: 2763: 2758: 2756: 2749:, p. 83. 2748: 2743: 2736: 2731: 2724: 2719: 2713:, p. 75. 2712: 2707: 2705: 2697: 2692: 2686:, p. 74. 2685: 2680: 2674:, p. 73. 2673: 2668: 2661: 2656: 2650:, p. 70. 2649: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2632: 2627: 2620: 2615: 2608: 2603: 2596: 2591: 2584: 2579: 2573:, p. 60. 2572: 2567: 2560: 2555: 2548: 2543: 2536: 2531: 2529: 2522:, p. 37. 2521: 2516: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2495:, p. 37. 2494: 2489: 2482: 2477: 2470: 2465: 2459:, p. 26. 2458: 2453: 2446: 2441: 2439: 2431: 2426: 2420:, p. 25. 2419: 2414: 2412: 2404: 2399: 2393:, p. 27. 2392: 2387: 2380: 2375: 2368: 2363: 2361: 2354:, p. 24. 2353: 2348: 2341: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2324: 2319: 2312: 2307: 2300: 2295: 2288: 2283: 2276: 2271: 2264: 2259: 2252: 2247: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2226:, p. 14. 2225: 2220: 2218: 2211:, p. 13. 2210: 2205: 2203: 2195: 2190: 2183: 2178: 2176: 2169:, p. 11. 2168: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2154: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2087: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2052: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2036: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2012: 2007: 2006: 2003: 2002: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1978: 1970: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1934: 1933: 1928: 1927: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1873: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1848: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1829: 1828: 1823: 1822: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1741: 1740: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1708: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1683: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1659: 1658: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1624: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1598: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1573: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1485: 1480: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1427: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1392: 1383: 1382: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1365: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1354: 1349: 1348: 1342: 1326: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1316: 1307: 1305: 1300: 1294: 1292: 1288: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1275:Canibek Giray 1271: 1268: 1260: 1255: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1125: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1108:György Thurzó 1106: 1101: 1099: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1077: 1073: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1056:Sublime Porte 1052: 1050: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1029:Michael Weiss 1026: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 990: 986: 985:Michael Weiss 982: 976:Consolidation 968: 966: 962: 957: 954: 950: 944: 941: 936: 931: 929: 925: 921: 917: 907: 903: 901: 897: 896:János Imreffy 893: 892:Mihály Káthay 888: 885: 881: 880:Upper Hungary 877: 870:Rise to power 867: 864: 860: 855: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 816: 810: 796: 792: 790: 782: 780: 766: 752: 751: 738: 724: 723: 709: 696: 692: 689: 681: 679: 671: 669: 668: 651: 639: 637: 633: 631: 628: 626: 620: 614: 603: 602: 591: 577: 576: 548: 545: 537: 535: 513: 511: 510: 505: 491: 489: 473: 471: 464: 462: 456: 450: 440: 439: 414: 411: 410: 406: 405: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 374: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 346: 344: 340: 337:(that is the 336: 335:Three Nations 330: 329:in Romania). 328: 324: 320: 317: 313: 309: 301: 297: 294:Ruins of the 292: 278: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 251:Sublime Porte 248: 244: 240: 235: 233: 229: 228:Royal Hungary 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 172:Báthory Gábor 169: 165: 157: 154: 150: 146: 142: 139: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 102: 98: 95: 91: 79: 75: 71: 68: 65: 61: 58: 55: 51: 47: 43: 40: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 4529: 4502: 4480: 4473: 4466: 4448: 4404: 4401: 4382: 4364: 4361: 4343: 4340: 4321: 4303: 4300: 4282: 4279: 4260: 4240: 4221: 4202: 4180: 4168: 4156: 4129: 4117: 4112:, p. 6. 4105: 4100:, p. 5. 4076: 4049: 4003: 3991: 3979: 3946: 3934: 3922: 3863: 3819: 3807: 3795: 3783: 3771: 3742: 3713: 3701: 3689: 3662: 3650: 3638: 3626: 3614: 3602: 3590: 3578: 3566: 3554: 3542: 3530: 3518: 3494:Felezeu 2009 3489: 3460: 3448: 3426:Felezeu 2009 3406: 3394: 3382: 3355: 3328: 3316: 3287: 3275: 3263: 3251: 3218: 3172: 3160: 3110: 3098: 3065: 3053: 3024: 3012: 3000: 2988: 2961: 2949: 2937: 2895: 2834: 2805: 2793: 2781: 2769: 2742: 2730: 2718: 2691: 2679: 2667: 2655: 2626: 2614: 2602: 2590: 2578: 2566: 2554: 2542: 2520:Felezeu 2009 2515: 2488: 2476: 2464: 2452: 2425: 2398: 2386: 2374: 2347: 2318: 2306: 2294: 2282: 2275:Felezeu 2009 2270: 2258: 2246: 2189: 2136: 1755: 1295: 1283: 1272: 1264: 1235: 1222:András Géczi 1219: 1203: 1199: 1166: 1162:"Deli Kiral" 1161: 1150: 1130: 1103:Gabriel met 1102: 1098:Tamás Borsos 1095: 1086:István Kendi 1083: 1074: 1067: 1053: 1049:Sardanapalus 1014: 1010:Bihar County 994: 958: 945: 932: 912: 873: 856: 829: 808: 794: 764: 749: 736: 721: 618: 600: 589: 574: 454: 437: 375: 352:against the 347: 331: 305: 236: 192:vassal state 163: 162: 105:(1613-10-27) 18: 4574:1613 deaths 4569:1589 births 4541:Radu Mihnea 4524:Radu Şerban 2299:Dörner 2009 2263:Dörner 2009 1287:Pece Stream 1257:Várad (now 1243:Nasuh Pasha 1181:Radu Mihnea 1025:Radu Șerban 991:in Romania) 965:Cluj-Napoca 928:János Petki 900:Simon Péchi 575:Christopher 302:in Romania) 255:Matthias II 214:, from the 53:Predecessor 4553:Categories 4508:1608–1613 4134:Markó 2000 4081:Péter 1994 3972:Barta 1994 3915:Szabó 2012 3868:Péter 1994 3841:Péter 1994 3824:Péter 1994 3788:Barta 1994 3764:Péter 1994 3482:Péter 1994 3411:Andea 2009 3244:Péter 1994 3194:Péter 1994 3177:Andea 2009 3165:Barta 1994 3136:Péter 1994 3046:Péter 1994 2888:Péter 1994 2762:Péter 1994 2508:Barta 1994 2430:Barta 1994 2403:Barta 1994 2323:Barta 1994 2311:Barta 1994 2287:Barta 1994 2251:Barta 1994 2182:Szabó 2012 2150:References 2144:witchcraft 2140:incestuous 1267:Bratislava 1195:Burzenland 1153:Târgoviște 1142:Alba Iulia 1112:Craidorolț 1002:Böszörmény 863:Sárospatak 852:Unitarians 281:Early life 216:Protestant 83:1589-08-15 4324:. Brill. 4185:Nagy 1988 4173:Nagy 1988 4161:Nagy 1988 4149:Nagy 1988 4122:Horn 2002 4110:Nagy 1988 4098:Nagy 1988 4069:Nagy 1988 4054:Nagy 1988 4042:Nagy 1988 4023:Nagy 1988 4008:Nagy 1988 3996:Nagy 1988 3984:Nagy 1988 3951:Nagy 1988 3939:Nagy 1988 3927:Nagy 1988 3898:Nagy 1988 3883:Nagy 1988 3856:Nagy 1988 3812:Nagy 1988 3800:Nagy 1988 3776:Nagy 1988 3747:Nagy 1988 3735:Nagy 1988 3718:Nagy 1988 3706:Nagy 1988 3694:Nagy 1988 3682:Nagy 1988 3667:Nagy 1988 3655:Nagy 1988 3643:Nagy 1988 3631:Nagy 1988 3619:Nagy 1988 3607:Nagy 1988 3595:Nagy 1988 3583:Nagy 1988 3571:Jakó 2009 3559:Nagy 1988 3547:Nagy 1988 3535:Nagy 1988 3523:Nagy 1988 3511:Nagy 1988 3465:Nagy 1988 3453:Jakó 2009 3441:Nagy 1988 3399:Keul 2009 3387:Nagy 1988 3375:Nagy 1988 3360:Nagy 1988 3348:Nagy 1988 3333:Nagy 1988 3321:Nagy 1988 3309:Nagy 1988 3292:Nagy 1988 3280:Nagy 1988 3268:Nagy 1988 3256:Nagy 1988 3223:Nagy 1988 3211:Nagy 1988 3153:Nagy 1988 3115:Nagy 1988 3103:Nagy 1988 3091:Keul 2009 3070:Nagy 1988 3058:Jakó 2009 3029:Nagy 1988 3017:Nagy 1988 3005:Nagy 1988 2993:Nagy 1988 2981:Nagy 1988 2966:Nagy 1988 2954:Nagy 1988 2942:Nagy 1988 2930:Keul 2009 2915:Nagy 1988 2900:Nagy 1988 2871:Nagy 1988 2854:Nagy 1988 2839:Nagy 1988 2827:Nagy 1988 2810:Keul 2009 2798:Nagy 1988 2786:Nagy 1988 2774:Nagy 1988 2747:Nagy 1988 2735:Nagy 1988 2723:Nagy 1988 2711:Nagy 1988 2696:Keul 2009 2684:Nagy 1988 2672:Nagy 1988 2660:Nagy 1988 2648:Nagy 1988 2631:Keul 2009 2619:Nagy 1988 2607:Nagy 1988 2595:Nagy 1988 2583:Keul 2009 2571:Nagy 1988 2559:Nagy 1988 2547:Nagy 1988 2535:Keul 2009 2493:Nagy 1988 2481:Nagy 1988 2469:Nagy 1988 2457:Nagy 1988 2445:Keul 2009 2418:Nagy 1988 2391:Nagy 1988 2379:Horn 2002 2367:Horn 2002 2352:Nagy 1988 2340:Keul 2009 2239:Keul 2009 2224:Nagy 1988 2209:Nagy 1988 2194:Nagy 1988 2167:Nagy 1988 2146:in 1614. 1291:Nyírbátor 1177:Timișoara 1119:Conflicts 1017:Wallachia 1006:Nagykálló 848:Nagyecsed 811:1608–1613 800:1589–1613 756:1573–1613 750:Sigismund 713:1560–1594 708:Balthasar 700:1553–1601 607:1533–1586 592:1576–1581 581:1530–1581 457:1530–1534 444:1477–1534 358:Balthasar 286:Childhood 267:Wallachia 220:Calvinism 168:Hungarian 156:Calvinism 119:Nyírbátor 63:Successor 48:1608–1613 1173:Temesvár 1069:ahidnâme 1060:Matthias 1021:Moldavia 840:Szabolcs 611:Voivode/ 343:Székelys 224:guardian 152:Religion 4194:Sources 1239:Kanizsa 1186:Cossack 1158:Ahmed I 998:Făgăraș 940:Jesuits 876:Partium 836:Szatmár 795:Gabriel 695:Stephen 601:Stephen 438:Stephen 395:Rudolph 271:Ahmed I 194:of the 4479: 4449:Hajdús 4410: 4389: 4370: 4349: 4328: 4309: 4288: 4267: 4247: 4228: 4209: 1310:Family 1259:Oradea 1037:Brașov 989:Brașov 953:Ináncs 722:Andrew 554:Andrew 308:Oradea 239:Hajdús 144:Mother 134:Father 126:Spouse 114:Burial 4535:1611 4481:Died: 4474:Born: 1207:Tokaj 1175:(now 1133:Sibiu 971:Reign 298:(now 263:Sibiu 90:Várad 45:Reign 4408:ISBN 4387:ISBN 4368:ISBN 4347:ISBN 4326:ISBN 4307:ISBN 4286:ISBN 4265:ISBN 4245:ISBN 4226:ISBN 4207:ISBN 1249:Fall 1191:Nero 1171:and 1169:Buda 1019:and 878:and 842:and 739:1599 362:Anna 208:ward 100:Died 77:Born 1754:1. 1644:5. 1477:9. 1368:8. 1090:Sic 345:). 190:(a 4555:: 4141:^ 4088:^ 4061:^ 4030:^ 4015:^ 3958:^ 3905:^ 3890:^ 3875:^ 3848:^ 3831:^ 3754:^ 3725:^ 3674:^ 3501:^ 3472:^ 3433:^ 3418:^ 3367:^ 3340:^ 3299:^ 3230:^ 3201:^ 3184:^ 3143:^ 3122:^ 3077:^ 3036:^ 2973:^ 2922:^ 2907:^ 2878:^ 2861:^ 2846:^ 2817:^ 2754:^ 2703:^ 2638:^ 2527:^ 2500:^ 2437:^ 2410:^ 2359:^ 2330:^ 2231:^ 2216:^ 2201:^ 2174:^ 2157:^ 1277:, 838:, 809:r. 765:r. 737:r. 619:r. 590:r. 455:r. 393:, 381:, 170:: 92:, 4451:" 4416:. 4395:. 4376:. 4355:. 4334:. 4315:. 4294:. 4273:. 4253:. 4234:. 4215:. 166:( 85:) 81:(

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Index