98:. These kingdoms were typically primary or secondary kingdoms. Primary kingdoms gain power by being the only state or society that exists; these kingdoms are located near environmentally rich areas that benefit society. Secondary kingdoms are created by breaking away from the primary kingdom. Secondary kingdoms focus on the value of agriculture and having an abundance of farmland. The
425:. Some sources say this is the fate that Funji suffered, others say that her lover and children secured her safety and that she was able to die of old age. She leaves behind the legacy of loyalty to family.
62:
remembers times when Funji was smiling and humming, her arms both in the air as though she felt like dancing. She was also clever, both in wit and in aiding with advice to her sisters when
432:
in any way she could. It’s important to note that captives by
European traders had a hard time holding onto their ideas from their homeland. Although Funji adopted the ways of the
66:
became the female king. Sources say Funji, much like her sisters, was well educated however may have fallen behind in some studies, especially when being taught by the
114:. Politically, African kingdoms often fell into two groups: Group A and Group B. Group A kingdoms are well-structured kingdoms with established governments and a
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citizens as prisoners in return for helping the kingdom expand by providing them with the technology to get around environmental hazards such as waterfalls.
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successfully negotiated their release and they were returned home. A few years later, the sisters were captured again for similar reasons, only this time
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moves. Funji was known to have a captain as a lover and had children with him which not only kept her safe but gave her the ability to communicate with
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Mbande’s children were sent to be raised and educated by a third-party person until they were ready to return to the kingdom and be of use as
672:
Piers Larson, History and Memory in the Age of
Enslavement: Becoming Merina in Highland Madagascar, 1770-1822 (James Currey Press, 2000).
165:, Kengela ka Nkombe, he had four children. The eldest of these children was his son, Ngola Mbande. His three daughters consisted of
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after
Kasenda in 1592 and ruled until 1617. He had a chief wife who was the daughter of a provincial ruler. Mbande a
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twice in their lifetime. The first time the sisters were captured, they were being held to encourage their older,
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or members of the royal court. It is believed that Funji possessed great conversational skills and could speak
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because of its proximity to the
Central African coast where most ships entered and departed from during the
55:," depending on the time period. Funji was known to be beautiful and often compared to her mother, Batayo.
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122:. Ndongo was a Group A kingdom, where family bloodlines played a significant role in establishing the
394:. Funji was very funny, calm, and beautiful so she had an easy time fitting more into the system the
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382:, Funji was educated in their ways and religion. Sources say that both Funji and Kambi were sending
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and children. His chief wife was the mother of his oldest son. However, with his favorite
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according to societal status. Group B kingdoms have no central government and no defined
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which is on the western coast of Africa, and is home to many rivers that lead to the
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417:. Historians debate whether it was Kambi or Funji that were discovered as a spy and
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located in the center-most western area of the continent. Many kingdoms thrived in
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was paid for their release. Rarely were prisoners killed or kept after their
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Being the youngest of the siblings, she was often seen as more full of life,
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involved the capturing of
African peoples and transporting them across the
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was an
African Kingdom established around the 1500s in what is modern day
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Due to her closeness to her sisters, Funji never failed to help support
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Funji and her sister Kambu were captured and held as prisoners by the
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537:"Kingdoms of South-Central Africa: Sources, Historiography, History"
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It is unclear whether Funji made it out of capture and lived with
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Funji was well-educated, but not to the same degree as her sister
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43:. Historically, Funji’s name can also be seen in documents as "
362:. Funji and Kambu found ways to discreetly send messages to
578:"Ndongo | Kingdom, History, Africa, & Map | Britannica"
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would not have been able to get a few steps ahead of the
141:. This historical African kingdom was the kingdom of the
39:, the capital and the royal home, as well as the rest of
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519:
Nzinga, The
African Queen: A Psychobiographical Novel
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began to enter the
African continent. The concept of
465:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 130.
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or not. Without hers and Kambi’s help and spy work,
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had begun to gain traction across the globe and the
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173:, was 10 years old when her father Mbande became
169:, Kambu, and Funji. The oldest of the daughters,
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463:Women Who Ruled: A Biographical Encyclopedia
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331:and give them what they desired from the
106:, was primary. Ndongo was established in
650:Njinga of Angola: Africa's Warrior Queen
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535:Gordon, David M. (September 26, 2018).
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550:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.146
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378:During her time as a captive to the
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201:and keep them in captivity until a
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607:"A Comparison of African Kingdoms"
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19:(born in the 1500s) also known as
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710:
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238:
436:, she never lost her loyalty to
232:to be used as unpaid workers or
347:. The sisters became a sort of
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1:
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185:One of the earliest forms of
652:. Harvard University Press.
541:Oxford Research Encyclopedia
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7:
699:16th-century African people
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715:
461:Jackson, Guida M. (1990).
70:. She also had a brother,
17:Princess Kifunzi of Ndongo
517:Howard, Moses L. (1999).
226:Transatlantic Slave Trade
222:Transatlantic Slave Trade
327:, to negotiate with the
224:began in the 1500s. The
102:, located in modern-day
83:Central African Kingdoms
648:Heywood, Linda (2017).
112:Southern Atlantic Ocean
521:. The Union Institute.
386:information about the
343:had taken the role of
604:Vansina, Jan (1962).
212:In the 16th century,
149:was elected ruler of
270:for many years. The
250:in 1575. Portuguese
311:Prisoners and spies
634:– via JSTOR.
582:www.britannica.com
266:complied with the
157:also had numerous
78:Historical context
33:Barbara of Matamba
560:978-0-19-027773-4
360:Kingdom of Ndongo
333:kingdom of Ndongo
264:Kingdom of Ndongo
254:took interest in
248:Kingdom of Ndongo
189:was developed in
145:people. Mbande a
130:Kingdom of Ndongo
100:Kingdom of Ndongo
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29:Nzinga of Ndongo
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90:is a region of
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618:(4): 324–335.
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197:would capture
193:. Kingdoms in
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108:Luanda, Angola
96:Central Africa
88:Central Africa
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368:Portugueses
260:Slave Trade
181:Slave trade
683:Categories
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472:0874365600
448:References
444:herself.
434:Portuguese
423:Portuguese
415:Portuguese
398:wanted.
396:Portuguese
388:Portuguese
380:Portuguese
366:about the
349:Portuguese
329:Portuguese
321:diplomatic
317:Portuguese
307:fluently.
305:Portuguese
272:Portuguese
268:Portuguese
252:colonizers
214:colonizers
195:Madagascar
191:Madagascar
159:concubines
68:Portuguese
25:Lady Grace
370:’ plans.
301:diplomats
295:. All of
287:Education
234:"slaves."
163:concubine
124:hierarchy
120:hierarchy
116:hierarchy
358:and the
323:sister,
51:," and "
632:1157437
421:by the
419:drowned
407:Matamba
187:slavery
49:Kifunzi
656:
630:
557:
469:
442:Nzinga
438:Ndongo
430:Nzinga
411:Nzinga
403:Nzinga
392:Nzinga
384:Nzinga
364:Nzinga
356:Nzinga
341:Nzinga
337:Nzinga
325:Nzinga
293:Nzinga
276:Ndongo
262:. The
256:Ndongo
207:ransom
203:ransom
171:Nzinga
167:Nzinga
151:Ndongo
143:Mbundu
139:Angola
135:Ndongo
104:Angola
92:Africa
72:Mbandi
64:Nzinga
60:Nzinga
41:Ndongo
37:Kabasa
628:JSTOR
345:Ngola
297:Ngola
274:took
175:Ngola
155:Ngola
147:Ngola
53:Funzi
45:Funje
21:Funji
654:ISBN
555:ISBN
467:ISBN
440:and
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31:and
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