666:
2971:, I wanted to make it as useful as possible, so I spent six weeks compiling all of the entries. In order to relieve the tedium of index preparation, and to underscore the fact that my index was trying to be complete, I decided to include the full name of every author who was cited, whenever possible. ... Over the years, many people have told me how they've greatly appreciated this feature of my books. It has turned out to be a beautiful way to relish the fact that computer science is the result of thousands of individual contributions from people with a huge variety of cultural backgrounds. ... The
1474:
3583:
question marks and exclamation points, there seems little likelihood that readers will be misled concerning the period or comma. There may be some risk in such specialized material as textual criticism, but in that case author and editors may take care to avoid the danger by alternative phrasing or by employing, in this exacting field, the exacting
British system. In linguistic and philosophical works, specialized terms are regularly punctuated the British way, along with the use of single quotation marks.
882:
583:
465:. If the abbreviation ends a declaratory sentence there is no additional period immediately following the full stop that ends the abbreviation (e.g. "My name is Gabriel Gama Jr."). Though two full stops (one for the abbreviation, one for the sentence ending) might be expected, conventionally only one is written. This is an intentional omission, and thus not
3617:
others follow the closing quotation marks. ... In the kind of textual studies where retaining the original placement of a comma in relation to closing quotation marks is essential to the author's argument and scholarly integrity, the alternative system described in 6.10 could be used, or rephrasing might avoid the problem.
3582:
The
British style is strongly advocated by some American language experts. In defense of nearly a century and a half of the American style, however, it may be said that it seems to have been working fairly well and has not resulted in serious miscommunication. Whereas there clearly is some risk with
2362:
According to
Gretchen McCulloch, an internet linguist, using a full stop to end messages is seen as "rude" by more and more people. She said this can be attributed to the way we text and use instant messaging apps like WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger. She added that the default way to break up one's
1341:
newspapers. American and
Canadian English mostly prefers and uses colons (:) (i.e., 11:15 PM/pm/p.m. or 23:15 for AmE/CanE and 11.15 pm or 23.15 for BrE), so does the BBC, but only with 24-hour times, according to its news style guide as updated in August 2020. The point as a time separator is also
3616:
According to what is sometimes called the
British style (set forth in The Oxford Guide to Style ; see bibliog. 1.1.]), a style also followed in other English-speaking countries, only those punctuation points that appeared in the original material should be included within the quotation marks; all
650:
In the more prevalent usage in
English-speaking countries, as well as in South Asia and East Asia, the point represents a decimal separator, visually dividing whole numbers from fractional (decimal) parts. The comma is then used to separate the whole-number parts into groups of three digits each,
1364:
The practice in the United States and Canada is to place full stops and commas inside quotation marks in most styles. In the
British system, which is also called "logical quotation", full stops and commas are placed according to grammatical sense: This means that when they are part of the quoted
2344:
performed a small study, published in 2016, on young adults and found that text messages that included sentences ended with full stops—as opposed to those with no terminal punctuation—were perceived as insincere, though they stipulated that their results apply only to this particular medium of
1438:, but in fact that convention replicates much earlier typography—the intent was to provide a clear break between sentences. This spacing method was gradually replaced by the single space convention in published print, where space is at a premium, and continues in much digital media.
2839:
Use a period after a person's initials. Examples: A. A. Milne ... L.B.Peep W157 ... Use
Periods With Initials Name. Initials are abbreviations for parts of a person's name. ... Date: Add periods at the ends of sentences, after abbreviations, and after
2345:
communication: "Our sense was, is that because were informal and had a chatty kind of feeling to them, that a period may have seemed stuffy, too formal, in that context," said head researcher
Cecelia Klin. The study did not find handwritten notes to be affected.
1257:; its use "in telegraphic communications was greatly increased during the World War, when the Government employed it widely as a precaution against having messages garbled or misunderstood, as a result of the misplacement or emission [
2354:
stated that the line break had become the default method of punctuation in texting, comparable to the use of line breaks in poetry, and that a period at the end of a sentence causes the tone of the message to be perceived as cold, angry or
302:
In practice, scribes mostly employed the terminal dot; the others fell out of use and were later replaced by other symbols. From the 9th century onwards, the full stop began appearing as a low mark (instead of a high one), and by the time
1271:
In
British English, the words "full stop" at the end of an utterance strengthen it; they indicate that it admits of no discussion: "I'm not going with you, full stop." In American English, the word "period" serves this function.
482:, "If the abbreviation includes both the first and last letter of the abbreviated word, as in 'Mister' and 'Doctor' , a full stop is not used." This does not include, for example, the standard abbreviations for titles such as
673:
The more prevalent usage in much of Europe, southern Africa, and Latin America (with the exception of Mexico due to the influence of the United States), reverses the roles of the comma and point, but sometimes substitutes a
453:. British usage is less strict. A few style guides discourage full stops after initials. However, there is a general trend and initiatives to spell out names in full instead of abbreviating them in order to avoid ambiguity.
469:, which is unintentional omission of a duplicate. In the case of an interrogative or exclamatory sentence ending with an abbreviation, a question or exclamation mark can still be added (e.g. "Are you Gabriel Gama Jr.?").
4012:
1392:
by Fowler and Fowler, published in 1906. Prior to the influence of this work, the typesetter's or printer's style, or "closed convention", now also called American style, was common throughout the world.
836:
The Serbian standard of Serbo-Croatian (unlike the Croatian and Bosnian standards) uses the dot in role of the ordinal indicator only past Arabic numerals, while Roman numerals are used without a dot. In
718:, which utilizes commas and decimals much like the aforementioned system popular in most English-speaking countries, but separates values of one hundred thousand and above differently, into divisions of
1365:
material, they should be placed inside, and otherwise should be outside. For example, they are placed outside in the cases of words-as-words, titles of short-form works, and quoted sentence fragments.
2967:
is that its biographies generally reveal a person's full and complete name, including the correct way to spell it in different alphabets and scripts. ... When I prepared the index ... of
162:(e.g. "U.S.A."). However, the use of full stops after letters in an initialism or acronym is declining, and many of these without punctuation have become accepted norms (e.g., "UK" and "NATO").
1386:
The use of placement according to logical or grammatical sense, or "logical convention", now the more common practice in regions other than North America, was advocated in the influential book
1521:. The low dot was increasingly but irregularly used to mark full stops after the 9th century and was fully adapted after the advent of print. The teleia should also be distinguished from the
2420:
technically applies only when the mark is used to end a sentence, the distinction – drawn since at least 1897 – is not maintained by all modern style guides and dictionaries.
343:), and continued the Greek underdot's earlier function as a comma between phrases. It shifted its meaning, to a dot marking a full stop, in the works of the 16th-century grammarians.
2900:
370:
was only used to refer to the punctuation mark when it was used to terminate a sentence. This terminological distinction seems to be eroding. For example, the 1998 edition of
4026:
Gunraj, Danielle; Drumm-Hewitt, April; Dashow, Erica; Upadhyay, Sri Siddhi; Klim, Celia (February 2016) . "Texting insincerely: The role of the period in text messaging".
757:: 5.2 · 2 = 10.4. The interpunct is also used when multiplying units in science – for example, 50 km/h could be written as 50 km·h – and to indicate a
3421:
Numbers ... time references ... Hours: We use the 24-hour clock (with a colon) in all circumstances (including streaming), labelled GMT or BST as appropriate.
3353:
4008:
3489:
Punctuation marks are placed inside the quotation marks only if the sense of the punctuation is part of the quotation; this system is referred to as logical quotation.
1692:(U+0965 "Devanagari Double Danda") is used to mark the end of a poetic verse. However, some languages that are written in Devanagari use the Latin full stop, such as
3785:
Manual of Style: A Compilation of Typographical Rules Governing the Publications of The University of Chicago, with Specimens of Types Used at the University Press
366:
was used as a name for what printers often called the "full point", the punctuation mark that was a dot on the baseline and used in several situations. The phrase
1457:
system. Modern computer-based digital fonts can adjust the spacing after terminal punctuation as well, creating a space slightly wider than a standard word space.
4056:
1379:
There is some national crossover. The American style is common in British fiction writing. The British style is sometimes used in American English. For example,
2975:
has just launched a great initiative by which all authors can now fully identify themselves ... I strongly encourage everybody to document their full names
3445:
3034:
1610:
3501:
3459:
2778:
1279:
is found in the phrase "And that's on period", which is used to express the strength of the speaker's previous statement, usually to emphasise an opinion.
3093:
424:
Full stops are the most commonly used punctuation marks; analysis of texts indicate that approximately half of all punctuation marks used are full stops.
5273:
3384:
2487:
1350:(RTÉ), and to a lesser extent in Australian, Cypriot, Maltese, New Zealand, South African and other Commonwealth English varieties outside Canada.
154:, it is used in both cases. It may be placed after an initial letter used to abbreviate a word. It is often placed after each individual letter in
3632:
The Elements of International English Style: A Guide to Writing Correspondence, Reports, Technical Documents Internet Pages For a Global Audience
533:
in particular. However, this depends much upon the house style of a particular writer or publisher. As some examples from American style guides,
3179:
2817:
3000:
4127:
2892:
1831:(U+0F0E "Tibetan Mark Nyis Shad") marks end of a whole topic. The descendants of Tibetic script also use similar symbols: For example, the
1383:
recommends it for fields where comma placement could affect the meaning of the quoted material, such as linguistics and textual criticism.
753:
sign; for example, 5,2 . 2 = 10,4; this usage is impractical in cases where the point is used as a decimal separator, hence the use of the
3298:
1051:
uses it both as a means of accessing a member of a record set (the equivalent of struct in C), a member of an object, and after the
4588:
2878:
2559:
849:
In modern texts, multilevel numbered headings are widely used. E.g. number 2.3.1.5 is a 4th level heading within the chapter 2.
3934:
The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation: An Easy-to-Use Guide with Clear Rules, Real-World Examples, and Reproducible Quizzes
3941:
3923:
3873:
3671:
3640:
3630:
3549:
3361:
3224:
3122:
2806:
2709:
2684:
2659:
3699:
2951:
1359:
3409:
1276:
2772:"A Comparison of the Frequency of Number/Punctuation and Number/Letter Combinations in Literary and Technical Materials"
5349:
3570:
4053:
3992:
3899:
3815:
Linotype Keyboard Operation: Methods of Study and Procedures for Setting Various Kinds of Composition on the Linotype
3797:
3766:
3748:
3609:
3511:
3336:
3270:
3065:
2918:
2755:
2535:
1772:: "෴" (U+0DF4 "Sinhala Punctuation Kunddaliya") was used before the colonial era. Periods were later introduced into
1449:
typesetting practices (until the early 20th century). It has also been used in other typesetting systems such as the
929:
862:
622:
3714:
3437:
3022:
1756:(U+1C7F "Ol Chiki Punctuation Double Mucaad") to indicate a major break, like end of section, although rarely used.
911:
5004:
4120:
3101:
2567:
372:
4088:
2968:
1407:
There have been a number of practices relating to the spacing after a full stop. Some examples are listed below:
1288:
1024:
549:(primarily for journalism) dispenses with full points in acronyms except for certain two-letter cases, including
388:
when it was employed at the end of a sentence; the 2015 edition, however, treats them as synonymous (and prefers
3474:
2771:
1961:
and several other Ethiopian and Eritrean languages, the equivalent of the full stop following a sentence is the
1613:, the full stop is sometimes positioned to the top-right or in the top- to center-middle. In Unicode, it is the
1345:
1598:
1096:
907:
604:
545:
3376:
1805:. A sentence is written without spaces and a space is typically used to mark the end of a clause or sentence.
539:(primarily for book and academic-journal publishing) deprecates the use of full points in acronyms, including
3524:
In the British style (OUP 1983), all signs of punctuation used with words and quotation marks must be placed
3030:
2996:
2972:
2502:
1606:
1068:
1048:
1044:
3833:
5296:
473:
1307:, the dot is commonly used and some style guides recommend it when telling time, including those from non-
5019:
4113:
3789:
2430:
2429:
This trend has progressed somewhat more slowly in the English dialect of the United States than in other
1446:
1040:
535:
2896:
1056:
903:
665:
600:
250:
The full stop at the end of a completed thought or expression was marked by a high dot ⟨˙⟩, called the
31:
17:
4105:
2602:
1036:
841:, the period can be omitted if there is no ambiguity whether a given numeral is ordinal or cardinal.
408:
225:
1971:. The two dots on the right are slightly ascending from the two on the left, with space in between.
1420:
1123:
1032:
1020:
892:
3187:
2814:
3216:
2988:
2607:
1312:
896:
715:
593:
35:
3915:
3909:
3470:
181:
101:
3982:
3601:
3595:
3286:
2748:
2742:
2621:
2454:
1372:
Bruce Springsteen, nicknamed "the Boss", performed "American Skin". (logical or British style)
1369:
Bruce Springsteen, nicknamed "the Boss," performed "American Skin." (closed or American style)
5291:
4405:
2874:
2341:
1581:
1498:
1388:
198:
141:
2571:
1752:(U+1C7E "Ol Chiki Punctuation Mucaad") to mark the end of sentence. Similarly, it also uses
290:) or "underdot", marked a division in a thought occasioning a shorter breath (essentially a
5344:
5318:
5301:
5187:
4762:
3294:
2716:
Essentially the same text is found in the previous edition under various titles, including
2389:
2378:
1889:
1801:
1651:
1320:
1250:
1100:
1092:
1016:
118:
93:
3715:"Why two spaces after a period isn't wrong (or, the lies typographers tell about history)"
749:
In countries that use the comma as a decimal separator, the point is sometimes found as a
490:("Rev."), because they do not end with the last letter of the word they are abbreviating.
330:
8:
5308:
5034:
4932:
4822:
4777:
4345:
4190:
4160:
4065:
3542:
Butcher's Copy-editing: The Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors and Proofreaders
3210:
2350:
1573:
1562:
1253:
in the United States in place of the full stop. The end of a sentence would be marked by
1153:
operating systems, some applications treat files or directories that start with a dot as
1060:
644:
394:
3783:
5323:
5313:
2939:
2356:
1655:
1577:
1473:
1115:
1080:
955:
858:
810:
802:
778:
525:). The punctuation is somewhat more often used in American English, most commonly with
232:. In his system, there were a series of dots whose placement determined their meaning.
2870:
4660:
4603:
3988:
3937:
3919:
3895:
3869:
3818:
3793:
3762:
3744:
3667:
3666:(2nd ed.). Berkeley / Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 113.
3636:
3605:
3545:
3507:
3342:
3332:
3266:
3220:
3061:
2802:
2751:
2705:
2680:
2655:
2531:
2372:
1897:
1865:
1708:
1667:
1546:
1234:
1194:
1165:
1161:
818:
770:
688:
1.002.003,007 or 1 002 003,007 (one million two thousand three and seven thousandths)
640:
221:
185:
1430:"). It is sometimes claimed that the two-space convention stems from the use of the
5049:
4970:
4894:
4554:
4035:
3664:
The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications
2383:
1958:
1905:
1901:
1773:
1765:
1741:
1722:
1704:
1693:
1450:
1402:
1199:
1173:
830:
822:
814:
798:
790:
494:
351:
151:
3240:
3130:
3055:
1678:(U+0964 "Devanagari Danda") is used to mark the end of a sentence. It is known as
5280:
5222:
4837:
4060:
3691:
2821:
2796:
1954:
1836:
1745:
1671:
1431:
1427:
838:
826:
806:
786:
774:
513:, the modern style is generally to not use full points after each initial (e.g.:
432:
Full stops indicate the end of sentences that are not questions or exclamations.
347:
133:
3405:
5084:
4262:
3503:
Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors and Publishers
2246:
1857:
1814:
1785:
1700:
1416:
794:
782:
750:
565:
559:
497:, the common convention is to include the period after all such abbreviations.
450:
320:
4039:
1832:
5338:
5172:
4792:
4720:
4539:
4516:
3911:
Grammar Girl's Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing (Quick and Dirty Tips)
3829:
3346:
3328:
3262:
2943:
1861:
1796:
1737:
1718:
1478:
1325:
1304:
1300:
1064:
959:
861:, the period glyph used to indicate how expressions should be bracketed (see
445:
It is usual in North American English to use full stops after initials; e.g.
274:), marked a division in a thought occasioning a longer breath (essentially a
3566:
1776:
after the introduction of paper due to the influence of European languages.
1597:, a small circle used as a full stop instead of a solid dot. When used with
736:
10,02,003.007 (one million two thousand three and seven thousandths, or ten
692:(To avoid problems with spaces, another convention sometimes used is to use
5257:
4917:
4675:
4474:
1931:) is used as a full stop at the end of sentences and in abbreviations. It (
1412:
1331:
1179:
1157:. This means that they are not displayed or listed to the user by default.
462:
304:
165:
The mark is also used to indicate omitted characters or, in a series as an
129:
4989:
4735:
2914:
337:
treatment on grammar. There, it was distinguished from the full stop (the
4705:
4641:
4626:
4569:
4137:
4009:"You Should Watch The Way You Punctuate Your Text Messages – Period"
3761:(3.0 ed.). Washington / Vancouver: Hartley & Marks. p. 28.
3718:
2738:
2146:
1726:
1514:
1316:
1154:
1111:
758:
466:
446:
334:
114:
3863:
3129:. Oxford University Press. 2017. "Abbreviations" section. Archived from
5145:
4947:
4875:
4239:
4141:
4080:
3822:
1659:
1530:
1522:
1435:
1143:
754:
703:
693:
607: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
510:
307:
began in Western Europe, the lower dot was regular and then universal.
204:
159:
4135:
3100:. Oxford University Press. 2017. "Punctuation" section. Archived from
5285:
5103:
4690:
4360:
4300:
4205:
3324:
2964:
2917:. Third Text: Critical perspectives on contemporary art and culture.
2858:
Use periods with initials: George W. Bush ... Carolyn B. Maloney
2528:
Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation
1602:
1534:
1337:
1188:
1150:
1076:
951:
943:
675:
275:
2915:"Authors Guide-lines for Electronic Submission of MSS to Third Text"
881:
661:
1,002,003.007 (one million two thousand three and seven thousandths)
582:
5203:
4390:
4375:
3880:
First published 1991 by Addison Wesley, Wokingham 978-0-201-56882-0
2654:(Revised 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 317–318.
1893:
1730:
1685:
1501:
as a Latin full stop and encoded identically with the full stop in
1442:
711:
166:
122:
3892:
The Complete Manual of Typography: A Guide to Setting Perfect Type
3741:
The Complete Manual of Typography: A Guide to Setting Perfect Type
1419:"). This is the current convention in most countries that use the
5241:
5130:
4315:
3841:
3357:
1502:
1237:
level designation, but actual usage is entirely vendor specific.
1119:
506:
155:
4025:
2412:
This sentence-ending use, alone, defines the strictest sense of
1311:
public broadcasters in the UK, the academic manual published by
117:
mark used for several purposes, most often to mark the end of a
30:
This article is about the punctuation mark. For other uses, see
4451:
4220:
3057:
New Hart's Rules: The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors
1711:, the same vertical line ("।") is used for full-stop, known as
1635:
1423:
for published and final written work, as well as digital media.
1139:
1072:
685:
1.002,007 or 1 002,007 (one thousand two and seven thousandths)
184:, a punctuation mark identical to the full stop is used as the
1880:(U+ABEB "Meetei Mayek Cheikhei") to mark the end of sentence.
1200:
read a file and execute its content in the running interpreter
4852:
4807:
4330:
4175:
3600:(15th ed.). University of Chicago Press. 2003. pp.
2747:(Corrected 39th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp.
1824:(U+0F0D "Tibetan Mark Shad") marks end of a section of text;
1663:
1104:
1028:
707:
699:
636:
291:
285:
279:
269:
263:
257:
251:
235:
4497:
2679:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 331–332.
2626:
The Bazaar, Exchange and Mart, and Journal of the Household
2363:
thoughts is to send each thought as an individual message.
1938:
1909:
1131:
1084:
146:
2386: – Horizontal space between sentences in typeset text
669:
A point used as a thousands separator on a sign in Germany
3936:(10th ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. p. 52.
3540:
Butcher, Judith; Drake, Caroline; Leach, Maureen (2006).
1454:
1308:
1259:
1088:
229:
2845:
773:. This apply mostly in Central and Northern Europe: in
2852:
Blakesley, David; Hoogeveen, Jeffrey Laurence (2007).
1799:, no symbol corresponding to the full stop is used as
1792:(U+104B "Myanmar Sign Section") is used as full stop.
1556:
1360:
Quotation marks in English § Order of punctuation
1209:
Versions of software are often denoted with the style
3442:
Style Guide of the American Psychological Association
2488:"Period or Comma? Decimal Styles over Time and Place"
1962:
1079:, it marks the end of a statement ("sentence"). In a
3469:. Research Institute of Irish and Scottish Studies,
3080:
Oxford A–Z of Grammar and Punctuation by John Seely.
2219:
PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1624:
PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1609:, it is usually aligned to the baseline. In written
639:
is used in the presentation of numbers, either as a
3567:"Frequently Asked Questions Concerning Punctuation"
3208:Waddingham, Anne, ed. (2014). "11.3 Times of day".
1492:
1206:as a synonym, based on that usage in the C-shell.)
1055:construct that defines the body of the program. In
474:
Abbreviation § Periods (full stops) and spaces
310:
2851:
1853:(U+1C3C "Lepcha Punctuation Nyet Thyoom Ta-Rol").
1353:
733:1,002.007 (one thousand two and seven thousandths)
658:1,002.007 (one thousand two and seven thousandths)
128:A full stop is frequently used at the end of word
3539:
769:In many languages, an ordinal dot is used as the
572:
5336:
2392: – Marks that identify the end of some text
1291:uses the full stop to signify a syllable break.
3321:The Times Style Guide: A guide to English usage
3245:University of Oxford Public Affairs Directorate
1874:(U+AAF0 "Meetei Mayek Cheikhan") for comma and
844:
262:) or "terminal dot". The "middle dot" ⟨·⟩, the
27:Punctuation to signal the end of a sentence (.)
1550:
1463:
1315:under various titles, as well as the internal
1023:uses it as a means of accessing a member of a
4121:
1712:
1601:, the full stop is generally centered on the
1083:, it represents a match of any character. In
380:for the mark used after an abbreviation, but
3713:McKay, John Z. ("Heraclitus") (2011-11-01).
3014:
2980:
2700:Waddingham, Anne (2014). "4.6: Full point".
2481:
2479:
2449:
2447:
2445:
1396:
1182:-derived command-line interpreters, such as
188:and for other purposes, and may be called a
3962:
3956:
3868:. Dante / Lehmans Media. pp. 185–188.
3544:. Cambridge University Press. p. 273.
2826:
2677:Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage
2674:
1679:
1634:Korean uses the Latin full stop along with
1486:
1343:
1342:used in Irish English, particularly by the
1114:, the dot is commonly used to separate the
910:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
500:
402:). The last edition (1989) of the original
338:
324:
34:. For other uses of the term "period", see
4128:
4114:
3756:
3207:
3088:
3086:
2932:
2798:A Linguistic Study of American Punctuation
2699:
2649:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
1933:
1913:
1118:of a file name from the name of the file.
761:, i.e. the scalar product of two vectors.
297:
3685:
3683:
3318:
2907:
2815:Frequencies for English Punctuation Marks
2675:Butterfield, Jeremy (2015). "full stop".
2476:
2442:
1846:(U+1C3B "Lepcha Punctuation Ta-Rol") and
1533:, and principally functions as the Greek
930:Learn how and when to remove this message
740:two thousand three and seven thousandths)
623:Learn how and when to remove this message
5274:Version of this table as a sortable list
3894:. Berkeley: Peachpit Press. p. 80.
3861:
3828:
3743:. Berkeley: Peachpit Press. p. 80.
2944:"Let's celebrate everybody's full names"
2885:
2744:Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers
2650:Burchfield, R. W. (2010) . "full stop".
1505:, the historic full stop in Greek was a
1472:
664:
3907:
3661:
3083:
2801:. Peter Lang Publishing, Incorporated.
2704:. Oxford University Press. p. 81.
2557:
2544:
1568:
1481:manuscript with high dots as full stops
1229:is a mid-cycle enhancement release and
215:
14:
5337:
4078:
3931:
3889:
3813:Mergenthaler Linotype Company (1940).
3738:
3689:
3680:
3431:
3429:
2832:
2530:. New York: Gotham Books. p. 25.
2485:
2305:DUPLOYAN PUNCTUATION CHINOOK FULL STOP
1485:Although the present Greek full stop (
1031:as a means of accessing a member of a
744:
220:The full stop symbol derives from the
4109:
4011:. National Public Radio. 2015-12-20.
3980:
3914:. New York: Holt Paperbacks. p.
3865:TeX by Topic, A TeXnician's Reference
3712:
3628:
3467:Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies
3374:
3020:
2986:
2938:
2794:
2622:"The Workshop: Printing for Amateurs"
2583:
2581:
2525:
962:names and software release versions:
651:when numbers are sufficiently large.
480:Oxford A–Z of Grammar and Punctuation
278:), while the low dot ⟨.⟩, called the
5126: ⟨ ⟩
3506:. Cambridge University Press. 2002.
3452:
3438:"Punctuating Around Quotation Marks"
3177:
2737:
1703:script used to write languages like
1299:In British English, whether for the
1282:
1122:uses dots to separate levels of the
1019:as an important part of the syntax.
950:in this context, is often used as a
908:adding citations to reliable sources
875:
605:adding citations to reliable sources
576:
3564:
3435:
3426:
3023:"Personalizing your author profile"
2863:
2560:"Greek Unicode Issues: Punctuation"
2335:
1277:African-American Vernacular English
1164:, the dot character represents the
1126:when writing path names—similar to
1027:, and this syntax was inherited by
946:, the full point, usually called a
427:
24:
3241:"University of Oxford style guide"
2606:(CD-ROM ver. 3.1) (2nd ed.).
2578:
1779:
1641:
1266:
1263:] of the tiny dot or period."
456:
25:
5361:
3817:. Mergenthaler Linotype Company.
3759:The Elements of Topographic Style
3291:Guardian and Observer style guide
3180:"How to Write Telegrams Properly"
3060:. Oxford University Press. 2005.
3021:Dunne, Edward "Ed" (2015-11-16).
2987:Dunne, Edward "Ed" (2015-09-14).
2459:American Printer and Lithographer
1717:in Bengali. Also, languages like
730:1.007 (one and seven thousandths)
682:1,007 (one and seven thousandths)
655:1.007 (one and seven thousandths)
4015:from the original on 2015-12-21.
3958:Ελληνικός Οργανισμός Τυποποίησης
3702:from the original on 2011-05-07.
3448:from the original on 2017-03-22.
2903:from the original on 2022-04-10.
2881:from the original on 2020-07-31.
2784:from the original on 2013-11-02.
2568:University of California, Irvine
1059:it is also used for generalised
880:
581:
435:
311:Medieval Latin to Modern English
4091:from the original on 2019-08-06
4072:
4054:"Stop. Using. Periods. Period."
4046:
4019:
4001:
3974:
3950:
3883:
3855:
3806:
3775:
3732:
3706:
3655:
3622:
3588:
3573:from the original on 2018-06-13
3558:
3533:
3494:
3412:from the original on 2022-02-16
3398:
3387:from the original on 2013-08-05
3368:
3312:
3301:from the original on 2017-07-09
3279:
3251:
3233:
3201:
3171:
3156:
3144:
3115:
3074:
3048:
3037:from the original on 2020-05-04
3003:from the original on 2020-05-24
2969:The Art of Computer Programming
2954:from the original on 2018-01-22
2921:from the original on 2020-08-01
2788:
2764:
2731:
2693:
2668:
2263:HALFWIDTH IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1979:Full stop Unicode code points:
1817:uses two different full-stops:
1375:He said, "I love music." (both)
1354:Punctuation styles when quoting
1289:International Phonetic Alphabet
592:needs additional citations for
461:A full stop is used after some
354:both frequently used the terms
192:. In computing, it is called a
3987:. O'Reilly. pp. 502–505.
3834:"Double-spacing after Periods"
3354:"The Times Online Style Guide"
3165:The Associated Press Stylebook
3163:"abbreviations and acronyms".
3094:"Punctuation in abbreviations"
2873:. School of critical studies,
2643:
2614:
2519:
2423:
2406:
1744:also uses a similar symbol in
1733:scripts) use the same symbol.
1441:One widened space (such as an
1198:, use the dot as a command to
1168:of the file system. Two dots (
1107:a full stop ends a statement.
764:
696:signs (') instead of spaces.)
573:Decimal or thousands separator
546:The Associated Press Stylebook
177:), to indicate omitted words.
13:
1:
4079:Morton, Becky (August 2019).
3690:Manjoo, Farhad (2011-01-13).
3031:American Mathematical Society
2997:American Mathematical Society
2973:American Mathematical Society
2652:Fowler's Modern English Usage
2399:
1937:) looks similar to a lowered
1856:However, due to influence of
1662:used to write languages like
1240:
1146:systems that succeeded them.
1047:also follow this convention.
373:Fowler's Modern English Usage
136:, primarily truncations like
3635:. M. E. Sharpe. p. 75.
2837:. Vol. 4–5. p. 9.
2348:A 2016 story by Jeff Guo in
2077:CANADIAN SYLLABICS FULL STOP
2035:SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR FULL STOP
1883:
1759:
1518:
1513:dot functioned as a kind of
1445:). This spacing was seen in
1202:. (Some of these also offer
1099:standard library, it is the
871:
845:Multilevel numbered headings
781:, several Slavic languages (
280:
264:
252:
7:
4028:Computers in Human Behavior
3984:CJKV Information Processing
3840:. Typophile. Archived from
3790:University of Chicago Press
3757:Bringhurst, Robert (2004).
3351:Formerly available online:
3151:The Chicago Manual of Style
2366:
2119:COPTIC OLD NUBIAN FULL STOP
1963:
1914:
1561:). It looks similar to the
1557:
1540:
1493:
1464:Full stops in other scripts
1381:The Chicago Manual of Style
536:The Chicago Manual of Style
440:
398:does likewise (but prefers
203:to distinguish it from the
196:. It is sometimes called a
10:
5366:
4589:inverted ! and ?
4052:Guo, Jeff (13 June 2016).
3862:Eijkhout, Victor (2014) .
3812:
2897:Ecclesiastical Law Journal
2893:"Instructions for authors"
2854:The Brief Thomson Handbook
2795:Meyer, Charles F. (1987).
2501:(2): 42–43. Archived from
2177:LISU PUNCTUATION FULL STOP
2105:MONGOLIAN MANCHU FULL STOP
2049:SYRIAC SUBLINEAR FULL STOP
1974:
1808:
1400:
1357:
1176:of the working directory.
471:
412:in 2002) exclusively used
319:is first attested (as the
286:
270:
258:
210:
32:Full stop (disambiguation)
29:
5350:Ancient Greek punctuation
5269:
5157:
5061:
5005:sound recording copyright
4959:
4864:
4747:
4615:
4528:
4463:
4289:
4149:
4040:10.1016/j.chb.2015.11.003
3963:
3957:
3629:Weiss, Edmond H. (2015).
3323:(2nd ed.). Glasgow:
2726:The Oxford Guide to Style
2603:Oxford English Dictionary
2431:English language dialects
1646:
1629:
1551:
1487:
1397:Spacing after a full stop
1344:
1160:In Unix-like systems and
409:The Oxford Guide to Style
226:Aristophanes of Byzantium
121:(as distinguished from a
65:
57:
50:
45:
4081:"Is the full stop rude?"
3908:Fogarty, Mignon (2008).
3383:. University of Sussex.
3213:: The Oxford Style Guide
2455:"The Punctuation Points"
2375: – Numerical symbol
1948:
1725:(which respectively use
1674:, etc., a vertical line
1529:stop" but looks like an
1468:
1421:ISO basic Latin alphabet
1124:hierarchical file system
958:lookups, Web addresses,
852:
501:Acronyms and initialisms
419:
228:in the 3rd century
3967:. ELOT (Athens), 2001.
3597:Chicago Manual of Style
3319:Brunskill, Ian (2017).
3217:Oxford University Press
2963:One of the delights of
2820:2 November 2013 at the
2741:; et al. (1989) .
2608:Oxford University Press
1688:, an additional symbol
1658:-based scripts. In the
1346:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
1313:Oxford University Press
1294:
1142:-based systems and the
857:In older literature on
716:Indian numbering system
346:In 19th-century texts,
298:Medieval simplification
36:Period (disambiguation)
5122: { }
5114: ( )
5099: « »
5095: ‹ ›
5080: " "
5076: ' '
5072: “ ”
5068: ‘ ’
3890:Felici, James (2003).
3739:Felici, James (2003).
3526:according to the sense
3473:. 2008. Archived from
3471:University of Aberdeen
3406:"BBC News Style Guide"
3360:. 2011. Archived from
3127:OxfordDictionaries.com
3098:OxfordDictionaries.com
2833:Barden, Cindy (2007).
2558:Nicolas, Nick (2005).
2486:Williamson, Amelia A.
2148:STENOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1713:
1680:
1599:traditional characters
1482:
1275:Another common use in
670:
339:
325:
182:English-speaking world
102:North American English
3932:Straus, Jane (2009).
3792:. 1911. p. 101.
3662:Einsohn, Amy (2006).
3436:Lee, Chelsea (2011).
3375:Trask, Larry (1997).
3265:. 2018. p. 185.
3259:Economist Style Guide
3178:Ross, Nelson (1928).
3167:. 2015. pp. 1–2.
2875:University of Glasgow
2465:(6): 278. August 1897
2342:Binghamton University
2319:SIGNWRITING FULL STOP
2291:MEDEFAIDRIN FULL STOP
2163:IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1892:which are written in
1607:simplified characters
1595:IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP
1476:
1017:programming languages
865:Principia Mathematica
678:-)space for a point.
668:
472:Further information:
5319:Japanese punctuation
5020:registered trademark
4905: |
4763:plus and minus signs
4156:
4059:14 June 2016 at the
3381:Guide to Punctuation
3295:Guardian Media Group
3184:The Telegraph Office
2526:Truss, Lynn (2004).
2390:Terminal punctuation
2379:Dot (disambiguation)
1890:Indo-Aryan languages
1802:terminal punctuation
1652:Indo-Aryan languages
1569:Chinese and Japanese
1321:University of Oxford
1225:is a major release,
1101:function composition
1093:string concatenation
904:improve this section
601:improve this article
216:Ancient Greek origin
119:declarative sentence
94:Commonwealth English
5309:Chinese punctuation
5035:service mark symbol
4778:multiplication sign
4296: &
4066:The Washington Post
3981:Lunde, Ken (2009).
3964:ΕΛΟΤ 743, 2η Έκδοση
2940:Knuth, Donald Ervin
2722:Oxford Style Manual
2351:The Washington Post
2277:BASSA VAH FULL STOP
2248:FULLWIDTH FULL STOP
2091:MONGOLIAN FULL STOP
1305:24-hour counterpart
1134:-based systems and
1130:(forward-slash) in
1015:It is used in many
745:Multiplication sign
645:thousands separator
5324:Korean punctuation
5314:Hebrew punctuation
3565:Wilbers, Stephen.
2357:passive-aggressive
2063:ETHIOPIC FULL STOP
2007:ARMENIAN FULL STOP
1912:, a symbol called
1768:, a symbol called
1654:predominantly use
1578:Chinese characters
1525:, which is named "
1483:
1426:Two word spaces ("
1389:The King's English
1081:regular expression
859:mathematical logic
671:
406:(before it became
5332:
5331:
4661:ordinal indicator
4604:irony punctuation
3943:978-0-470-22268-3
3925:978-0-8050-8831-1
3875:978-3-86541-590-5
3781:See for example,
3673:978-0-520-24688-1
3642:978-0-7656-2830-5
3551:978-0-521-84713-1
3261:(12th ed.).
3226:978-0-19-957002-7
2989:"Who wrote that?"
2808:978-0-8204-0522-3
2711:978-0-19-957002-7
2686:978-0-19-966135-0
2661:978-0-19-861021-2
2632:: 333. 1875-11-06
2373:Decimal separator
2340:Researchers from
1866:Manipuri language
1660:Devanagari script
1636:its native script
1605:; when used with
1584:) often includes
1303:or sometimes its
1283:Phonetic alphabet
1221:(or more), where
1166:working directory
1162:Microsoft Windows
1095:operator. In the
1091:, the dot is the
940:
939:
932:
771:ordinal indicator
641:decimal separator
633:
632:
625:
478:According to the
331:Ælfric of Eynsham
222:Greek punctuation
207:(or middle dot).
186:decimal separator
125:or exclamation).
86:
85:
16:(Redirected from
5357:
5281:Currency symbols
5261:
5260:
5254:
5246:
5245:
5244:(paragraph mark)
5238:
5234:
5226:
5225:
5219:
5215:
5207:
5206:
5200:
5192:
5191:
5184:
5176:
5175:
5169:
5165:
5149:
5148:
5142:
5134:
5133:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5107:
5106:
5100:
5096:
5088:
5087:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5053:
5052:
5050:trademark symbol
5046:
5038:
5037:
5031:
5023:
5022:
5016:
5008:
5007:
5001:
4993:
4992:
4986:
4984:
4974:
4973:
4971:copyright symbol
4967:
4951:
4950:
4944:
4936:
4935:
4929:
4921:
4920:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4891:
4889:
4879:
4878:
4872:
4856:
4855:
4849:
4841:
4840:
4834:
4826:
4825:
4819:
4811:
4810:
4804:
4796:
4795:
4789:
4781:
4780:
4774:
4766:
4765:
4759:
4755:
4739:
4738:
4732:
4724:
4723:
4717:
4709:
4708:
4702:
4694:
4693:
4687:
4679:
4678:
4672:
4664:
4663:
4657:
4653:
4645:
4644:
4638:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4607:
4606:
4600:
4592:
4591:
4585:
4581:
4573:
4572:
4566:
4558:
4557:
4555:exclamation mark
4551:
4543:
4542:
4536:
4520:
4519:
4513:
4509:
4501:
4500:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4478:
4477:
4471:
4455:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4409:
4408:
4402:
4394:
4393:
4387:
4379:
4378:
4372:
4364:
4363:
4357:
4349:
4348:
4342:
4334:
4333:
4327:
4319:
4318:
4312:
4304:
4303:
4297:
4281:
4280:
4274:
4266:
4265:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4243:
4242:
4236:
4232:
4224:
4223:
4217:
4209:
4208:
4202:
4194:
4193:
4187:
4179:
4178:
4172:
4164:
4163:
4157:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4076:
4070:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3929:
3905:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3826:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3788:(3rd ed.).
3779:
3773:
3772:
3754:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3717:. Archived from
3710:
3704:
3703:
3692:"Space Invaders"
3687:
3678:
3677:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3479:
3464:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3433:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3350:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3215:(2nd ed.).
3211:New Hart's Rules
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3186:. Archived from
3175:
3169:
3168:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3090:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2960:
2959:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2830:
2824:
2813:, referenced in
2812:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2776:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2735:
2729:
2718:New Hart's Rules
2715:
2702:New Hart's Rules
2697:
2691:
2690:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2570:. Archived from
2555:
2542:
2541:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2451:
2434:
2427:
2421:
2410:
2384:Sentence spacing
2336:In text messages
2331:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:COPTIC FULL STOP
2131:
2128:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:ARABIC FULL STOP
2019:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1967:"።"—which means
1966:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1929:ARABIC FULL STOP
1927:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1852:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1830:
1823:
1791:
1774:Sinhalese script
1755:
1751:
1742:Santali language
1716:
1691:
1684:(full stop). In
1683:
1677:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1560:
1554:
1553:
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1451:Linotype machine
1403:Sentence spacing
1349:
1348:
1174:parent directory
1172:) represent the
1171:
1138:(back-slash) in
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884:
876:
628:
621:
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614:
608:
585:
577:
495:American English
428:Ending sentences
395:New Hart's Rules
352:American English
342:
328:
289:
288:
283:
273:
272:
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261:
260:
255:
176:
172:
152:American English
140:, but not after
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58:Other names
43:
42:
21:
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5236:
5233: ¶
5232:
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5221:
5218: ⌑
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5202:
5199: ☞
5198:
5196:
5190:(hedera, aldus)
5186:
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5182:
5180:
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5164: †
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4909: ¦
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4885:
4883:
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4871: _
4870:
4868:
4860:
4851:
4848: ^
4847:
4845:
4838:minus-plus sign
4836:
4833: ∓
4832:
4830:
4823:plus–minus sign
4821:
4818: ±
4817:
4815:
4806:
4803: ~
4802:
4800:
4791:
4788: ÷
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4773: ×
4772:
4770:
4761:
4758: −
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4671: %
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4655:
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4649:
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4622: #
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4602:
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4587:
4584: ¿
4583:
4580: ¡
4579:
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4568:
4565: ‽
4564:
4562:
4553:
4550: !
4549:
4547:
4538:
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4512: ⸗
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4508: ⹀
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4505:
4496:
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4386: *
4385:
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4061:Wayback Machine
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2856:. p. 477.
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2259:
2254:
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2247:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2233:SMALL FULL STOP
2232:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2205:BAMUM FULL STOP
2204:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2159:
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2020:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1951:
1942:
1932:
1928:
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1920:
1919:
1886:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1837:Lepcha language
1828:
1821:
1811:
1789:
1782:
1780:Southeast Asian
1762:
1753:
1749:
1746:Ol Chiki script
1689:
1675:
1649:
1644:
1642:Brahmic scripts
1632:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1594:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1571:
1547:Armenian script
1543:
1471:
1466:
1432:monospaced font
1428:English spacing
1405:
1399:
1362:
1356:
1297:
1285:
1269:
1267:In conversation
1243:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1169:
1135:
1127:
936:
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919:
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629:
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612:
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348:British English
313:
300:
248:
218:
213:
174:
170:
109:
80:
78:
75:
72:
67:
66:
53:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5363:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5330:
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5311:
5305:
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5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5248:
5228:
5209:
5194:
5178:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5136:
5118:
5109:
5090:
5085:quotation mark
5062:
5059:
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5025:
5010:
4995:
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4768:
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4696:
4681:
4666:
4647:
4632:
4616:
4613:
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4610:
4609:
4594:
4575:
4560:
4545:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4503:
4480:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4411:
4396:
4381:
4366:
4351:
4336:
4321:
4306:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4268:
4245:
4226:
4211:
4196:
4181:
4166:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4133:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4101:
4071:
4045:
4018:
4000:
3993:
3973:
3949:
3942:
3924:
3900:
3882:
3874:
3854:
3832:(2004-03-05).
3830:Simonson, Mark
3805:
3798:
3774:
3767:
3749:
3731:
3705:
3679:
3672:
3654:
3641:
3621:
3610:
3587:
3557:
3550:
3532:
3512:
3493:
3451:
3425:
3397:
3367:
3364:on 2011-08-04.
3337:
3311:
3278:
3271:
3250:
3232:
3225:
3200:
3170:
3155:
3143:
3114:
3082:
3073:
3066:
3047:
3013:
2979:
2931:
2906:
2899:. 2014-09-04.
2884:
2862:
2844:
2835:Grammar Grades
2825:
2807:
2787:
2763:
2756:
2730:
2710:
2692:
2685:
2667:
2660:
2642:
2613:
2577:
2574:on 2012-08-06.
2543:
2536:
2518:
2495:Science Editor
2475:
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2334:
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2332:
2321:
2307:
2293:
2279:
2265:
2251:
2235:
2221:
2207:
2193:
2179:
2165:
2151:
2135:
2121:
2107:
2093:
2079:
2065:
2051:
2037:
2023:
2009:
1995:
1976:
1973:
1957:used to write
1950:
1947:
1885:
1882:
1858:Burmese script
1815:Tibetan script
1810:
1807:
1786:Burmese script
1781:
1778:
1761:
1758:
1736:Inspired from
1701:Eastern Nagari
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1631:
1628:
1570:
1567:
1542:
1539:
1519:as noted above
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1439:
1424:
1417:French spacing
1401:Main article:
1398:
1395:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1358:Main article:
1355:
1352:
1323:, and that of
1296:
1293:
1284:
1281:
1268:
1265:
1242:
1239:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1013:
1012:
997:
982:
975:
938:
937:
888:
886:
879:
873:
870:
854:
851:
846:
843:
825:, and also in
795:Serbo-Croatian
766:
763:
751:multiplication
746:
743:
742:
741:
734:
731:
690:
689:
686:
683:
663:
662:
659:
656:
631:
630:
589:
587:
580:
574:
571:
502:
499:
458:
455:
451:George W. Bush
442:
439:
437:
434:
429:
426:
421:
418:
312:
309:
299:
296:
247:
234:
224:introduced by
217:
214:
212:
209:
84:
83:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
51:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5362:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5292:Logic symbols
5290:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5259:
5255:
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5229:
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5210:
5205:
5201:
5195:
5189:
5185:
5179:
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5156:
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5132:
5128:
5110:
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4824:
4820:
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4809:
4805:
4799:
4794:
4793:division sign
4790:
4784:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4764:
4760:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4737:
4736:diameter sign
4733:
4727:
4722:
4721:degree symbol
4718:
4712:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4677:
4673:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4648:
4643:
4639:
4633:
4628:
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4614:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4590:
4586:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4556:
4552:
4546:
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4540:question mark
4537:
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4527:
4518:
4517:double hyphen
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4499:
4495:
4481:
4476:
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4466:
4465:
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4453:
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4403:
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4382:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4362:
4358:
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4337:
4332:
4328:
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4317:
4313:
4307:
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4292:
4291:
4288:
4279:
4275:
4269:
4264:
4260:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4143:
4142:typographical
4139:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4049:
4041:
4037:
4034:: 1067–1075.
4033:
4029:
4022:
4014:
4010:
4004:
3996:
3994:9780596514471
3990:
3986:
3985:
3977:
3953:
3945:
3939:
3935:
3927:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3903:
3901:0-321-12730-7
3897:
3893:
3886:
3877:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3858:
3844:on 2010-01-20
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3801:
3799:1-145-26446-8
3795:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3768:0-88179-206-3
3764:
3760:
3752:
3750:0-321-12730-7
3746:
3742:
3735:
3721:on 2017-12-17
3720:
3716:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3684:
3675:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3625:
3618:
3613:
3611:0-226-10403-6
3607:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3572:
3568:
3561:
3553:
3547:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3527:
3515:
3513:9780521471541
3509:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3480:on 2011-04-10
3476:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3460:"Style Guide"
3455:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3430:
3422:
3411:
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3338:9780008146184
3334:
3330:
3329:HarperCollins
3326:
3322:
3315:
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3296:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3274:
3272:9781781258316
3268:
3264:
3263:The Economist
3260:
3254:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3228:
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3204:
3190:on 2013-01-31
3189:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3147:
3133:on 2011-12-16
3132:
3128:
3124:
3123:"Initialisms"
3118:
3104:on 2012-12-17
3103:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3077:
3069:
3067:0-19-861041-6
3063:
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2504:
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2322:
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2191:VAI FULL STOP
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2108:
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1862:Meitei script
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1738:Indic scripts
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1681:poorna viraam
1673:
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1326:The Economist
1322:
1319:book for the
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1301:12-hour clock
1292:
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1062:
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953:
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889:This section
887:
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653:
652:
648:
646:
642:
638:
627:
624:
616:
613:November 2017
606:
602:
596:
595:
590:This section
588:
584:
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538:
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498:
496:
491:
489:
486:("Prof.") or
485:
481:
475:
470:
468:
464:
463:abbreviations
457:Abbreviations
454:
452:
448:
436:Abbreviations
433:
425:
417:
415:
411:
410:
405:
401:
397:
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391:
387:
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344:
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336:
332:
327:
322:
318:
308:
306:
295:
293:
282:
277:
266:
259:στιγμὴ τελεία
254:
253:stigmḕ teleía
246:
242:
238:
237:stigmḕ teleía
233:
231:
227:
223:
208:
206:
202:
200:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
135:
134:British usage
131:
130:abbreviations
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
64:
60:
56:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5297:Math symbols
5258:section mark
4918:vertical bar
4676:percent sign
4475:hyphen-minus
4277:
4093:. Retrieved
4084:
4074:
4064:
4048:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4003:
3983:
3976:
3952:
3933:
3910:
3891:
3885:
3864:
3857:
3846:. Retrieved
3842:the original
3837:
3814:
3808:
3784:
3777:
3758:
3740:
3734:
3723:. Retrieved
3719:the original
3708:
3695:
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3646:. Retrieved
3631:
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3575:. Retrieved
3560:
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3502:
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3183:
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3131:the original
3126:
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3097:
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3026:
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2992:
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2947:
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2909:
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2838:
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2743:
2739:Hart, Horace
2733:
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2462:
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2395:
2361:
2349:
2347:
2339:
1978:
1968:
1964:ˈarat nettib
1955:Ge'ez script
1952:
1887:
1855:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1800:
1795:However, in
1794:
1783:
1769:
1763:
1735:
1698:
1650:
1633:
1572:
1549:uses the ։ (
1544:
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1509:dot and the
1506:
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1380:
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1332:The Guardian
1330:
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1246:
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1216:
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1210:
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1180:Bourne shell
1178:
1159:
1148:
1112:file systems
1109:
1052:
1014:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
989:
985:
978:
971:
967:
947:
941:
926:
917:
902:Please help
890:
864:
863:Glossary of
856:
848:
835:
768:
748:
737:
723:
719:
698:
691:
672:
649:
634:
619:
610:
599:Please help
594:verification
591:
564:
558:
554:
550:
544:
540:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
504:
492:
487:
483:
479:
477:
460:
444:
431:
423:
413:
407:
404:Hart's Rules
403:
399:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
345:
316:
314:
301:
249:
244:
240:
236:
219:
197:
193:
189:
179:
164:
145:
142:contractions
137:
127:
108:
105:
97:
89:
87:
81:.
40:
5345:Punctuation
4706:basis point
4642:numero sign
4627:number sign
4570:interrobang
4138:punctuation
3377:"The Colon"
2948:Recent News
2871:"Full stop"
2564:TLG.UCI.edu
2416:. Although
1833:Róng script
1574:Punctuation
1436:typewriters
1317:house style
765:Ordinal dot
759:dot product
714:follow the
635:The period
511:initialisms
467:haplography
447:A. A. Milne
362:. The word
335:Old English
271:στιγμὴ μέση
265:stigmḕ mésē
241:stigmḕ mésē
160:initialisms
115:punctuation
5339:Categories
5302:Whitespace
5286:Diacritics
5146:ditto mark
4948:interpunct
4876:underscore
4240:apostrophe
4140:and other
4095:2019-08-19
3969:(in Greek)
3848:2010-04-05
3827:Cited in:
3823:B000J0N06M
3725:2013-08-08
3648:2016-01-24
3602:6.8 – 6.10
3577:2015-09-10
3519:2015-09-04
3484:2015-09-15
3416:2022-04-01
3391:2013-08-21
3305:2021-07-24
3194:2018-06-11
3153:, 16th ed.
3137:2017-10-11
3108:2017-10-11
3041:2020-07-30
3007:2020-07-30
2958:2020-07-30
2925:2020-05-02
2636:2013-12-24
2588:""period,
2512:2013-09-21
2469:2013-12-24
2400:References
1819:tshig-grub
1576:used with
1531:interpunct
1523:ano teleia
1447:historical
1413:word space
1241:Telegraphy
1144:Windows NT
920:April 2023
755:interpunct
704:Bangladesh
694:apostrophe
563:, but not
414:full point
400:full point
386:full point
378:full point
340:distinctio
281:hypostigmḕ
245:hypostigmḕ
205:interpunct
106:full point
18:Full point
5288:(accents)
5104:guillemet
4691:per mille
4361:backslash
4301:ampersand
4278:full stop
4206:semicolon
3838:Typophile
3347:991389792
3325:The Times
3027:AMS Blogs
2993:AMS Blogs
2965:Knowledge
2418:full stop
2414:full stop
2316:𝪈
2302:𛲟
2288:𖺘
2274:𖫵
1993:FULL STOP
1969:four dots
1884:Shahmukhi
1826:don-tshan
1770:kundaliya
1760:Sinhalese
1603:mean line
1558:verdjaket
1535:semicolon
1499:romanized
1338:The Times
1251:telegrams
1245:The term
1151:Unix-like
1116:extension
1077:Smalltalk
999:Chrome 92
970:wikipedia
952:delimiter
944:computing
891:does not
872:Computing
811:Norwegian
803:Icelandic
779:Hungarian
484:Professor
390:full stop
382:full stop
368:full stop
360:full stop
323:loanword
315:The name
287:ὑποστιγμή
276:semicolon
90:full stop
76:FULL STOP
52:Full stop
5204:manicule
4990:copyleft
4406:asterism
4391:asterisk
4376:ellipsis
4089:Archived
4085:BBC News
4057:Archived
4013:Archived
3700:Archived
3571:Archived
3446:Archived
3410:Archived
3385:Archived
3299:Archived
3297:. 2017.
3035:Archived
3001:Archived
2952:Archived
2942:(2016).
2919:Archived
2901:Archived
2879:Archived
2840:initials
2818:Archived
2779:Archived
2610:. 2005 .
2367:See also
2260:｡
2244:．
2230:﹒
2216:︒
2202:꛳
2188:꘎
2174:꓿
2160:。
2144:⸼
2130:⳾
2116:⳹
2102:᠉
2088:᠃
2074:᙮
2060:።
1898:Kashmiri
1894:Nastaliq
1731:Gurmukhi
1709:Assamese
1686:Sanskrit
1668:Maithili
1621:︒
1592:。
1582:Japanese
1580:(and in
1552:վերջակետ
1541:Armenian
1453:and the
1443:em space
977:document
819:Estonian
712:Pakistan
643:or as a
543:, while
507:acronyms
488:Reverend
441:Initials
305:printing
199:baseline
167:ellipsis
156:acronyms
123:question
5242:pilcrow
5223:lozenge
5188:fleuron
5131:bracket
4985:
4981:
4890:
4886:
4447:
4416:
4316:at sign
4144:symbols
4136:Common
3408:. BBC.
3358:News UK
3287:"times"
3247:. 2016.
2325:U+E002E
2311:U+1DA88
2297:U+1BC9F
2283:U+16E98
2269:U+16AF5
2046:܂
2032:܁
2018:۔
2004:։
1975:Unicode
1959:Amharic
1953:In the
1926:۔
1915:k͟hatma
1906:Saraiki
1902:Panjabi
1896:, like
1851:
1844:
1809:Tibetic
1766:Sinhala
1723:Panjabi
1699:In the
1694:Marathi
1503:Unicode
1120:RISC OS
1097:Haskell
912:removed
897:sources
831:Turkish
823:Latvian
815:Finnish
799:Faroese
791:Slovene
392:), and
326:peridos
211:History
180:In the
5262:
5251:
5247:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5197:
5193:
5181:
5177:
5173:dagger
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2199:
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2171:
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2099:
2097:U+1809
2085:
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2029:
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2015:
2013:U+06D4
2001:
1999:U+0589
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