872:
1462:
20:
457:
910:, a conflict that occurred between 1961 and 1963, was centered on the illegal capture of lobsters by French fishing boats in territorial waters off the coast of the Northeast region of Brazil. In 1961, fishermen from Pernambuco alerted the authorities to the presence of international fishing boats in the area. The Brazilian navy and air force began to police the area, prompting France to mobilize its air force, while Brazil prepared a plan to occupy French Guiana in an operation called
671:
206:
1646:
1658:
1670:
465:
331:
On the coast of present-day Paraíba, the book also mentions the Traição Bay ("in this bay the French make a lot of ink each year and load many ships with it"), the São
Domingos River, where they entered every year "to load the brazilwood and split up what was going to Portugal" and the region between
76:
in 1594. Until the middle of the end of the 16th century, the position of the French on the northern coast (which guaranteed them the opportunity to conquer the largest known hydrographic basin) and in the far east of the continent was very stable. Allied with the natives, they were about to attack
661:
The city's population enthusiastically celebrated the victory for several days. Unfortunately, the colonial authorities overestimated the capacity of the bar's defensive system, spreading the common belief that, after such a defeat, no privateer would ever try to force it again, which proved to be
443:
In 1558, Villegagnon returned to France after incidents caused by the indiscipline of some settlers who sought out the natives and by feuds between
Catholics and Protestants. He sentenced several settlers to death and executed them, sending the Calvinists to the shores of the bay. He returned to
646:, where they rested. The following day, they continued through the Mangue region, reaching the Santa Teresa Hill (later Mata-Cavalos Street, now Riachuelo Street), as far as Santo Antônio Hill. Through Ajuda Street (today's Melvin Jones) and São José Street, they reached Largo do Carmo (today's
848:
led the
Brazilian troops against the invasion, killing Lunier and other French soldiers. The French force massacred the civilian population, but Cabral's actions stopped the attack, making him a national hero. The Brazilians and the French appealed to an international arbitration, executed by
611:, in command of six ships and around 1,200 men, arrived at the bar of Guanabara Bay flying English flags as a disguise. The authorities in Rio de Janeiro, alerted by the Portuguese Crown, were already expecting the arrival of the French privateer and launched a fire attack from the Fortresses
689:
Duguay-Trouin faced resistance from a few inhabitants who disagreed with the decisions of
Governor Francisco de Castro Morais: the naturalized Portuguese Norman Gil du Bocage, Field Master Bento do Amaral Coutinho and his companion Friar Francisco de Menezes, along with the students of the
275:, the São Domingos Bay and the path "where the savages go to get the brazilwood and there are forty leagues of path to the forest" and the so-called "forest where you get the brazilwood", corresponding to the primitive plant formation that flourished in the Paraíba River basin.
521:
After the defeat of the French and their indigenous allies in the battles of Glória beach and the present-day
Governador Island, the city was moved to the top of the Morro do Descanso, later called Alto da Sé, Alto de São Sebastião, Morro de São Januário and, finally,
658:. In this battle, the French lost 400 men. Duclerc, who commanded them, was held under house arrest in what is now Quitanda Street and murdered in mysterious conditions by a group of hooded men on March 18, 1711; some authors believe it was for reasons of passion.
755:
of
Portugal ordered the expulsion of the invaders. The viceroy organized an expedition of 250 men, under the command of Colonel João Lobo de Lacerda, who left Pernambuco on 6 October 1737 and expelled the French attackers, returning to Recife on 11 July 1738.
354:
There was a large concentration of French people in the port of Búzios, several of whom were united with
Potiguar women. On the Potengi River, about three kilometers above its bar, there are still ruins of an old stone building that may have been a French
1174:
351:, in Rio Grande, the "French would trade with the locals, and from there they would also rob the ships coming and going from Portugal, taking not only their farms but also their people, and selling them to the locals so that they could eat them".
1075:
751:, sent investigators to the archipelago on September 28, 1736, with the task of confirming the invasion. Through a Royal Letter of May 26, 1737 sent to the Governor of Pernambuco, Henrique Luís Freire de Andrade, King
324:
the
Tabatinga Sound, between the port of Búzios and Itacoatiara (tip of Pipa), "where there is also a beach and shelter for ships, where French vessels used to anchor behind the tip and load up with brazilwood";
731:
system, but he and his descendants were not interested in colonizing it. The islands were visited by the
Germans (1534), the English (1577) and the French (1556, 1558). In 1612, on his way to Maranhão,
682:, entered the Guanabara Bay bar, escaping the fire from the fortresses, which had been evacuated three days earlier, thanks to a report received by the then Governor of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro,
120:
Before the
Portuguese colonized part of the Brazilian territory, the French had already established themselves on the coast in order to trade brazilwood. One of the strategies used to make contacts was
172:. They achieved a level of prosperity thanks to the products they induced the natives to produce and load onto numerous ships. Their merchandise was mainly brazilwood, but they also bargained for
845:
129:
reported in his chronicles that, for a long time, it was uncertain whether Brazil was Portuguese or French, given the power of their presence and the French influence on the natives.
510:
The French survivors who sought refuge with the indigenous tribes in the region were later liquidated by Estácio de Sá, in a campaign that lasted from 1565 to 1567, when the city of
603:
authorized attacks on the overseas domains of Portugal, a traditional ally of the British. He allowed private individuals to arm their ships and offered them authorization, through
347:
was the Potengi River, where English ships were also detained. At this anchorage, the necessary repairs were made to the ships and fresh supplies were obtained. According to Friar
703:
376:
296:
683:
530:
748:
406:
655:
225:
529:
Even though the attempt to settle in Guanabara Bay failed, the French remained active in other parts of the coast, where they maintained trading posts, such as the
607:, to attack the vessels and possessions of enemy foreign powers, including Portugal, in exchange for a share of the profits. For this reason, in mid-August 1710,
1552:
912:
515:
733:
556:
695:
500:
1445:
826:
The discovery of gold in Amapá at the end of the 19th century rekindled the interest of Brazilians and French in the region. In May 1895, the governor of
838:. A group of 60 soldiers under the command of Captain Lunier disembarked with the mission of freeing the collaborationist Trajano Benitez, who led the
807:, was interested in the possible separation of the region. In Amapá, French support for the movement even threatened Brazil's territorial integrity.
221:
and lasted from March to December 1531, when they were expelled by Portuguese soldiers. During the occupation, the area was called Île Saint-Alexis.
803:
asked the Portuguese, British and French for help in containing the revolt, but was rebuffed. France, which claimed ownership of territories in the
678:
On September 12, 1711, a squadron of 17 or 18 ships, armed with 740 pieces, 10 mortars, 5,764 men and under the command of the French privateer
575:
Until the 18th century, privateers of different nationalities often looted villages and mills on the Brazilian coast. The discovery of gold in
871:
402:
1252:
1227:
1076:"Batalha Naval de Vila Franca, nos Açores, entre as forças leais a D. Antônio, Prior do Crato, e as forças leais a Filipe II de Castela"
616:
1424:
1391:
567:
on November 19, 1614, the French presence in the region lasted until it was eradicated by Portuguese and indigenous troops in 1615.
321:
the port of Búzios, at the mouth of the Pirangi river, where "caravels arrive from the coast in a stream, which flows into the sea";
257:
1599:
1482:
1061:
256:, contains several strategic pieces of information, such as the assistance of about ten thousand indigenous people, including
1700:
651:
287:
188:
Once the country's coast was definitively conquered at the beginning of the 17th century, the French began to frequent the
192:
less. However, those already established continued to live alongside the indigenous people and their mixed-race children.
1705:
360:
110:
160:, where the France Antarctique should be set up. Other mamluks created by the French were with the Potiguara people, in
1175:"Interesses econômicos, políticos e estratégicos em disputas e a conquista e colonização portuguesas em RN (1597-1633)"
964:
1715:
1300:
1157:
701:
The success of Duguay-Trouin was expensive for the city, which had to pay a valuable ransom for its freedom: 610,000
612:
46:
1573:
839:
743:
sent an expedition, under the command of Captain Lesquelin, responsible for the occupation and colonization of
398:
279:
1710:
401:, sailed into Guanabara Bay with the aim of establishing a colonization nucleus. Initially, they landed on
989:
1695:
1195:
647:
504:
1636:
930:
788:
1352:
560:
1526:
935:
740:
433:
551:
Meanwhile, a second organized attempt at French colonization took place on the Upaon-Açu Island, in
327:
the Aratipicaba Sound (Formosa Bay), "where French ships enter from the reefs and load their cargo".
1690:
580:
359:
or stronghold. Their presence in the region ceased with the arrival of troops under the command of
253:
233:
35:
1132:
608:
584:
73:
523:
368:
344:
291:
265:
125:", which was based on joining up with indigenous women to form solid family and friendship ties.
835:
380:
19:
940:
356:
650:), where they encountered resistance from armed inhabitants, especially the students from the
878:
728:
300:, lists the places on the coast of Rio Grande do Norte frequented by the French at the time:
57:
1502:
679:
588:
23:
1484:
Catálogo da Coleção Cartográfica e lconográfica Manuscrita do Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino
720:
630:
Bar and marched overland to the city of Rio de Janeiro. Along the way, they passed through
564:
372:
1378:
Piratas no Brasil: As incríveis histórias dos ladrões dos mares que pilharam nosso litoral
1032:
724:
476:
308:
8:
744:
460:
Sketch of Mem de Sá's attack on the French in Guanabara Bay in 1560. Author unknown, 1567
413:, but were driven back by the rising tide. They then headed for the Serigipe Island (now
348:
340:) rivers, where "French ships anchored in the past, and from here they entered inwards".
218:
189:
126:
53:
1276:
752:
546:
484:
425:
414:
392:
371:, who reached the Potengi Bar on December 25, 1597, beginning the construction of the
290:
in Portugal. However, the Gallic presence persisted in the region, to the extent that
410:
157:
1425:"A Invasão Francesa ao Rio de Janeiro em1711 sob a análise da Cartografia Histórica"
1325:
821:
804:
245:
604:
492:
472:
364:
670:
736:
stayed there for fifteen days. The Dutch occupied the islands from 1629 to 1654.
496:
177:
448:
to try to convince French couples to embark for Rio de Janeiro and form a city.
249:
210:
165:
1674:
511:
69:
800:
635:
495:
of Brazil, who, with information about the fort provided by French dissidents
456:
337:
1684:
1662:
1650:
1115:
850:
827:
643:
333:
315:
145:
137:
86:
31:
397:
In 1555, an expedition of around one hundred men on two ships, commanded by
81:, the Portuguese's main export town. The weakening of the French began when
698:, Gurgel do Amaral, Teles de Menezes, Martim Clemente and Aires Maldonado.
691:
639:
576:
418:
311:, where the French ships penetrated to collect brazilwood from the natives;
488:
205:
925:
907:
866:
854:
623:
579:
revived the greed of these elements, attracting them to the coast of the
343:
Other reports confirm that the main port frequented by the French in the
241:
149:
65:
552:
169:
1033:"LES BALBUTIEMENTS DE LA COLONISATION FRANÇAISE AU BRESIL (1524-1531)"
483:
In 1560, an attempt at French colonization was defeated militarily by
272:
271:
The map also indicates, in the territory corresponding to present-day
161:
884:
830:, without authorization from the French government, sent the gunboat
776:
770:
627:
600:
534:
432:
Protestant settlers and Catholic groups who were trying to avoid the
429:
98:
27:
686:, that claimed the news of the French squadron's arrival was false.
278:
The project was abandoned after the French military disaster at the
507:, opened fire on the island's defences from his ships on 15 March.
82:
1553:"A INTRUSÃO FRANCESA NO AMAPÁ EM 1895- E O MASSACRE DA VILA AMAPÁ"
796:
780:
583:. The most famous robberies were in August 1710, by the privateer
261:
875:
792:
631:
94:
90:
784:
708:
622:
The French sailed southwest along the coast towards the bay of
437:
283:
237:
181:
153:
78:
61:
445:
156:
who lived along the rivers that flowed into the bay. Even on
857:, which ruled in total favor of Brazil on December 1, 1900.
464:
916:. Despite the tensions generated, a real war was avoided.
232:, 1579), France had a project to conquer the coast of the
665:
619:, repelling the fleet that was trying to force the bar.
479:
blessing the squadron that is going to fight the French.
714:
417:), where they settled permanently and established the
217:
The first French invasion of Brazil took place on the
1634:
1423:
Martins, Ricardo Vieira; Filgueiras, Carlos Alberto.
626:, sacking farms and mills. There, they landed at the
599:
During the conflict between France and England, King
68:
and supported the attempts to colonize the coast of
1253:"RELATOS SOBRE O BRASIL: O CALVINISTA JEAN DE LÉRY"
1018:
O Povo Brasileiro: A Formação e o Sentido do Brasil
1376:França, Jean Marcel Carvalho; Hue, Sheila (2014).
594:
152:of Rio de Janeiro, creating more than a thousand
1682:
707:in currency, 100 boxes of sugar and 200 head of
1392:"Portugal no Século XVIII - O Absolutismo (IV)"
1628:Histoire du Bresil français au seizième siècle
1020:(1 ed.). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
747:. Upon being informed, the viceroy of Brazil,
144:The main nucleus was the one that settled in
1490:. Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins. 2011.
1422:
990:"O testamento de Adão rasgado em Tordesilhas"
749:André de Melo e Castro, 4th Count of Galveias
115:
60:, encouraged the practice of looting for the
815:
307:the Pequeno River, or Baquipé, later called
451:
224:According to the information on the map by
1463:"RETOMADA E DEFESA DE FERNANDO DE NORONHA"
1301:"A Cidade do Rio de Janeiro no Século XVI"
555:, from 1594. On September 8, 1612, led by
1597:
1503:"País pediu apoio externo contra revolta"
1500:
1375:
1625:
1251:Correia, Ana Lúcia Merege (2020-10-10).
1155:
883:(center) escorted by the Fletcher-class
870:
669:
463:
455:
252:. The image, which shows the weapons of
204:
200:
18:
1250:
1030:
1015:
965:"Invasões francesas no Brasil Colonial"
902:(D-30) in 1961, during the Lobster War.
1683:
1130:
723:of Portugal donated an archipelago to
666:The invasion of Duguay - Trouin (1711)
591:, both in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
318:, where the French often went to load;
176:, cotton, as well as rarities such as
49:up until the end of the 19th century.
1626:Gaffarel, Paul Louis Jacques (1878).
1457:
1455:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1347:
1345:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1113:
1059:
987:
842:within France's sphere of influence.
694:friars, the sons of Domingos Leitão,
540:
386:
282:, in which Strozzi was killed in the
260:who lived along the inland rivers of
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1055:
1053:
1011:
1009:
959:
957:
955:
1131:Soares, Lenin Campos (2021-02-10).
715:The invasion of Fernando de Noronha
244:of the São Domingos River (today's
111:French colonization of the Americas
13:
1452:
1409:
1342:
1213:
1196:"A Cidade de Natal no século XVII"
1166:
810:
779:was a popular revolt, centered in
195:
52:The attacks, initially as part of
45:date back to the earliest days of
14:
1727:
1550:
1353:"Invasões francesas na Guanabara"
1172:
1114:Sousa, Gabriel Soares de (1851).
1092:
1060:Claye, Jacques de Vau de (1579).
1050:
1006:
952:
570:
559:, the French founded the city of
514:was founded at the bottom of the
409:) and tried to build a defensive
304:the Itapitanga Sound (Pitininga);
1668:
1656:
1644:
1162:. Atlas Digital da América Lusa.
846:Francisco Xavier da Veiga Cabral
759:
526:, which was dismantled in 1922.
1619:
1598:Antonelli, Diego (2014-03-28).
1591:
1566:
1544:
1519:
1494:
1475:
1438:
1384:
1369:
1318:
1293:
1269:
1244:
1188:
512:São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro
1501:Indruinas, Luis (1999-10-13).
1149:
1124:
1068:
1040:Cahiers du Brésil Contemporain
1024:
981:
860:
595:The invasion of Duclerc (1710)
503:, and reinforcements from the
373:Fortress of the Three Wise Men
280:Battle of Vila Franca do Campo
1:
1200:Fatos e Fotos de Natal Antiga
1156:Salvador, Vicente do (1627).
988:Bueno, Eduardo (2010-12-13).
946:
399:Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon
375:, and reinforced by those of
56:of France's challenge to the
34:, September 1711, during the
1117:TRATADO DESCRITIVO DO BRASIL
764:
587:, and in September 1711, by
377:Feliciano Coelho de Carvalho
297:Tratado Descritivo do Brasil
89:and decisively defeated the
7:
1133:"Alecrim: Um Porto Francês"
1120:. Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert.
919:
16:French occupation of Brazil
10:
1732:
1706:Military history of Brazil
1574:"Laudo Suíço faz 118 anos"
1173:Silva, Francisco Canindé.
1031:Mouette, Stéphane (1997).
931:Military history of Brazil
864:
819:
768:
719:On January 16, 1504, King
684:Francisco de Castro Morais
544:
469:Departing of Estácio de Sá
390:
116:Relations with the natives
108:
104:
43:French invasions in Brazil
936:Dutch invasions in Brazil
816:French intrusion in Amapá
741:French East India Company
72:in 1555 and the coast of
1716:Looting in South America
1551:Bento, Cláudio Moreira.
787:, but which extended to
656:Bento do Amaral Coutinho
505:Captaincy of São Vicente
452:The Portuguese campaigns
361:Manuel Mascarenhas Homem
36:Battle of Rio de Janeiro
1701:Brazil–France relations
1016:Ribeiro, Darcy (2006).
834:to the municipality of
379:, captain-major of the
369:Captaincy of Pernambuco
345:Captaincy of Rio Grande
336:) and Abionaviajá (now
292:Gabriel Soares de Sousa
226:Jacques de Vau de Claye
97:in the vicinity of the
47:Portuguese colonization
1630:. Paris: Maison Neuve.
1446:"Almanaque Brasileiro"
941:French colonial empire
903:
675:
613:of Santa Cruz da Barra
480:
461:
407:Fort Tamandaré da Laje
288:1580 succession crisis
214:
186:
39:
913:Operation Cabralzinho
874:
673:
648:XV de Novembro Square
609:Jean-François Duclerc
585:Jean-François Duclerc
467:
459:
314:the Grande River, or
208:
201:From Paraíba to Ceará
142:
58:Treaty of Tordesillas
22:
1531:Portal São Francisco
1448:. 1905. p. 153.
1228:"A França Antártica"
729:hereditary captaincy
565:Battle of Guaxenduba
381:Captaincy of Paraíba
209:Cutting brazilwood (
1711:Invasions by France
1600:"A lagosta é nossa"
1326:"França Equinocial"
1305:Instituto Poimênica
801:Diogo Antônio Feijó
745:Fernando de Noronha
734:Daniel de La Touche
674:René Duguay-Trouin.
557:Daniel de La Touche
436:that were dividing
383:, from April 1598.
349:Vicente do Salvador
294:, in his 1587 book
219:Santo Aleixo Island
127:Capistrano de Abreu
1696:France Antarctique
1533:. 17 December 2015
1277:"Morro do Castelo"
1159:História do Brasil
904:
840:Republic of Cunani
696:Rodrigo de Freitas
680:René Duguay-Trouin
676:
589:René Duguay-Trouin
547:Equinoctial France
541:Equinoctial France
501:Jacques Le Balleur
481:
462:
426:France Antarctique
415:Villegagnon Island
393:France Antarctique
387:France Antarctique
215:
40:
24:René Duguay-Trouin
1507:Folha de S. Paulo
1396:Marinha de Guerra
1137:Natal das Antigas
1080:Ricardo Orlandini
783:, the capital of
725:Fernão de Noronha
654:, led by Captain
605:letters of marque
516:Morro Cara de Cão
477:Manuel da Nóbrega
411:artillery battery
332:the Ararama (now
158:Governador Island
148:, along with the
134:O Povo Brasileiro
1723:
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978:
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975:
961:
805:Brazilian Amazon
533:on the coast of
531:Maison de Pierre
524:Morro do Castelo
493:governor-general
473:Benedito Calixto
471:, a painting by
178:common marmosets
174:pimenta-da-terra
1731:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1691:Colonial Brazil
1681:
1680:
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1657:
1655:
1645:
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1578:Diario do Amapá
1572:
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1389:
1385:
1380:. Globo Livros.
1374:
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1359:
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190:Brazilian coast
164:, and with the
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136:, the writer
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32:Guanabara Bay
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1620:Bibliography
1607:. Retrieved
1603:
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1582:. Retrieved
1580:. 2018-12-02
1577:
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1400:. Retrieved
1398:. 2014-06-28
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1360:. Retrieved
1357:Rio Memorias
1356:
1333:. Retrieved
1330:Toda Matéria
1329:
1320:
1309:. Retrieved
1307:. 2020-05-26
1304:
1295:
1284:. Retrieved
1281:Rio Memorias
1280:
1271:
1260:. Retrieved
1256:
1246:
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1231:
1204:. Retrieved
1202:. 2022-01-15
1199:
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738:
727:through the
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640:Engenho Novo
621:
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577:Minas Gerais
574:
563:. After the
550:
528:
520:
509:
491:, the third
487:, nephew of
482:
468:
442:
428:was home to
423:
419:Fort Coligny
396:
357:trading post
353:
342:
330:
295:
277:
270:
250:Acaraú River
240:between the
229:
223:
216:
211:André Thevet
187:
173:
166:Caeté people
143:
133:
132:In the book
131:
122:
119:
85:entered the
51:
42:
41:
30:squadron in
1527:"Cabanagem"
1062:"Le Brésil"
926:Dieppe maps
908:Lobster War
898:(D-29) and
880:C Tamandaré
867:Lobster War
861:Lobster War
855:Switzerland
692:Benedictine
662:incorrect.
636:Jacarepaguá
624:Ilha Grande
403:Laje Island
309:Ceará-mirim
286:during the
140:points out:
1685:Categories
1609:2021-12-09
1584:2021-12-09
1537:2021-12-09
1512:2021-12-09
1468:2021-12-09
1402:2023-10-06
1362:2023-10-06
1335:2023-10-05
1311:2023-10-06
1286:2023-10-06
1262:2023-10-06
1257:BN Digital
1237:2023-10-06
1206:2023-10-06
1142:2023-10-06
1085:2023-10-06
999:2023-10-05
974:2023-10-05
947:References
900:Pernambuco
885:destroyers
266:Rio Grande
248:) and the
236:region of
170:Pernambuco
123:cunhadismo
66:brazilwood
799:. Regent
777:Cabanagem
771:Cabanagem
765:Cabanagem
628:Guaratiba
601:Louis XIV
581:Southeast
535:Cabo Frio
489:Mem de Sá
430:Calvinist
234:Northeast
230:Le Brésil
99:Potiguara
54:Francis I
28:privateer
1232:MultiRio
920:See also
894:(D-28),
890:(D-27),
789:Amazonas
721:Manuel I
704:cruzados
617:São João
561:São Luís
553:Maranhão
213:, 1575).
83:Portugal
74:Maranhão
1675:History
1637:Portals
1560:Fahimtb
1046:: 7–18.
892:Paraíba
876:Cruiser
832:Bengali
793:Roraima
632:Camorim
367:of the
334:Gramame
316:Potengi
273:Paraíba
182:parrots
162:Paraíba
154:Mamluks
105:History
95:Normans
91:Bretons
1663:France
1651:Brazil
896:Paraná
753:João V
709:cattle
438:Europe
284:Azores
238:Brazil
101:area.
79:Olinda
62:barter
1556:(PDF)
1488:(PDF)
1428:(PDF)
1178:(PDF)
1036:(PDF)
836:Amapá
797:Amapá
781:Belém
446:Paris
405:(now
338:Abiaí
262:Ceará
242:mouth
168:, in
1432:UFMG
1182:UFRN
906:The
888:Pará
795:and
785:Pará
775:The
642:and
615:and
499:and
264:and
180:and
93:and
969:UOL
64:of
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1002:.
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228:(
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38:.
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