381:
167:
58:
34:
69:
517:
162:
157:
152:
743:
to Saudi, who flew it as though on a regular patrol but headed for El
Alamein. It was, naturally, British made, a “Gladiator.” So, although Saudi gave a signal of friendship, the Germans shot it down and Ahmed Saudi was killed. When it came to be known that the aircraft was lost, Hassan Ibrahim was tried and his promotion delayed, but nobody detected any planning behind the incident."
573:
755:, and other Free Officers were caught by the British and imprisoned for treason. Sadat was stripped of rank. The Allied victory at the Battle of Alamein put the question to rest and Sadat and other imprisoned Free Officers were granted leniency. Nasser returned from his mission in Sudan in 1943 and assumed control over the Free Officers organization while Sadat was in prison.
742:
These were the terms of the treaty dictated by me and flown to El
Alamein on board the aircraft piloted by Ahmed Saudi Hussein. The film and the draft treaty were put into a bag and given to Saudi to fly to Rommel in Alamein. That day Hassan Ibrahim’s aircraft was scheduled to be on alert; he gave it
611:
began removing institutions for economic development after some positive advancement became evident. This encouraged many political groups to organize against the politicians who dominated the parliamentary politics of the time. Workers had become accustomed to development efforts which were meant to
785:
not to continue their activities. Despite this, attacks were made against the
British garrison and the Egyptians who worked with them. At this point, Egyptian nationalist groups were divided and disorganised. The military was the only area that still held some sort of organised mission, which led to
739:
we were honest
Egyptians who had an organization within the army; that, “like you,” we were fighting against the British; that we were prepared to recruit an entire army to fight “on your side,” and to provide him with photographs showing the lines and positions of the British forces in Egypt; and
640:
Coming from a modest background, he represented the group's majority: the hard-working middle class. The Free
Officers consisted of urban dwellers and educated militants with a lower-middle-class upbringing. Nasser was a war hero who rose quickly in military rank to colonel. He, like many others,
740:
that we would take it upon ourselves not to let one
British soldier leave Cairo, in return for granting Egypt complete independence so that she would not be given to Italy or fall under German domination, and so that no one whatsoever would interfere in her affairs, internal or external.
491:
joined the Free
Officers in 1949. Naguib's hero status, and influence within the army, granted the movement credibility, both within the military and the public at large. He became the official leader of the Free Officers during the turmoil leading up the
649:
as being as much a problem as imperialism itself. The Free
Officers strengthened a "new" middle class. Due to this dedication to change, the Free Officers referred to their group and its entirety as simply a "movement." Later however, it would become a
763:
In 1951, while operating covertly within the military, the Free
Officers formulated a six-point plan to direct their administration following the coup. The program called for the overthrow of British rule in Egypt, the elimination of Egyptian
612:
stabilize the economies of the region. These state-led initiatives set the standard for what the people expected of their government, including the regulation of imports, industrial investment, commodity distribution, production supervision.
620:
Politicians and government bodies were forced to respond to the demands of groups who were directly affected by the initiative changes and withdrawals. Some of these groups included military officers. While the first military coups began in
726:
in El
Alamein. ("The general feeling in Egypt was against the British and, naturally, in favor of their enemies" ). The plan was stifled when the Germans failed to recognize the sign of friendship and shot down the British warplane, a
658:
as a public figurehead in preparation for the successful coup of 23 July 1952. The men who had constituted themselves as the Committee of the Free Officers Movement and led the 1952 Revolution were Lieutenant Colonel
768:, the end of the political control of Egypt's government by foreign capital, the establishment of social justice, the formation of a strong national army and the creation of a healthy democratic society.
1101:
1408:
722:. The Free Officers took aerial photographs of British positions and sent this intelligence along with a letter offering allegiance to Axis in a British warplane headed to
771:
The continued agitation within Egypt as a result of British control led to a series of skirmishes in which British military outposts were attacked. During 1950–52, Arab
834:
in 1958. Said and Faisal, Nasser's chief regional rivals at the time, were both killed during the coup. In 1963 some of the same officers aligned themselves with the
1508:
633:, young workers, government officials and junior officers. The movement, which began and spread throughout the 1940s, came to fruition with the leadership of
258:
1401:
629:
and the revolution of 1952 that would have the greatest impact, and encourage later movements. The members were not from the wealthy elite, but rather the
1084:
Hussein Mohamed Ahmed Hamouda, Asrār Ḥarakat aḍ-Ḍubbāṭ al-ʾAḥrār wa l-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn, al-Zahrā' al-i'lām al-'arabī (1994), Chapter 6, section 4: see
637:. Nasser, who commanded the loyalty and respect of the other members, formed a coordinating committee (1949), which he was later asked to lead (1950).
911:
1394:
873:, in an unsuccessful effort to overthrow his country's conservative monarchy. He was exiled to Egypt as a result and was given asylum by Nasser.
810:
Similar movements were organised by other groups of junior officers seeking to mimic the Free Officers' ascent to power. In Iraq, a faction of
1513:
1498:
367:
781:
Zone engaged in guerilla operations against British forces. The pro-British Egyptian government in Cairo issued a public warning to
1549:
186:
1377:
1417:
1055:
1121:
501:
1564:
907:
505:
191:
1544:
799:
714:, in his autobiography "In Search of an Identity," described how the Free Officers movement attempted to defect to the
1539:
1438:
1318:
1284:
1250:
1216:
1013:
692:
576:
521:
389:
114:
248:
243:
360:
253:
238:
1554:
1534:
1493:
1065:
934:
405:
1559:
1308:
1274:
1240:
1206:
850:
641:
dedicated his time and energy to reversing the corruption seen on the part of the government throughout the
341:
1050:
892:
787:
642:
493:
449:
222:
181:
87:
599:
affected national economies around the globe, including those of Egypt and Sudan. During this time, the
353:
133:
484:
477:
476:, and Saad Tawfik, it operated as a clandestine movement of junior officers who were veterans of the
336:
83:
315:
1060:
1029:
896:
426:
870:
445:
441:
141:
1483:
976:
866:
858:
719:
676:
557:
465:
437:
393:
73:
166:
8:
1386:
320:
310:
263:
1433:
941:
881:
839:
819:
660:
634:
580:
525:
457:
268:
217:
106:
1488:
1473:
1458:
1374:
1314:
1280:
1246:
1212:
1117:
990:
955:
900:
831:
815:
728:
700:
696:
565:
545:
453:
385:
118:
790:. The revolutionaries publicised the need for reform and social justice, marched on
33:
1463:
1443:
1109:
1108:, The Global Middle East, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 101–122,
983:
962:
811:
688:
664:
596:
588:
549:
533:
473:
461:
397:
110:
62:
1381:
927:
835:
795:
748:
655:
497:
417:
401:
284:
1245:(First English ed.). New York, New York: Harper & Row. pp. 28–35.
1478:
1428:
1020:
948:
854:
747:
The Free Officers continued to try to contact the Germans, and found a pair of
684:
668:
561:
529:
488:
102:
68:
1113:
516:
1528:
1085:
480:
of 1948-1949 as well as earlier nationalist uprisings in Egypt in the 1940s.
212:
207:
1313:(First English ed.). New York, New York: Harper & Row. p. 21.
1279:(First English ed.). New York, New York: Harper & Row. p. 40.
1211:(First English ed.). New York, New York: Harper & Row. p. 31.
161:
156:
151:
1503:
862:
827:
723:
645:
by restoring a democracy. He saw the problem of domestic passivity towards
630:
600:
1468:
1453:
1448:
1006:
969:
711:
680:
672:
646:
608:
584:
553:
541:
537:
885:
778:
651:
604:
469:
384:
The Free Officers after toppling the monarchy, 1953. Counterclockwise:
751:
who gave Sadat a broken German radio transmitter. However, Sadat, the
380:
846:
823:
765:
773:
294:
289:
735:"It was agreed that one of us would be sent to El Alamein to tell
1106:
Foreign Policy as Nation Making: Turkey and Egypt in the Cold War
572:
752:
736:
922:
This is a list of some of the major officers of the movement:
504:
after the overthrow of Farouk that was later succeeded by the
877:
845:
In Syria a coalition of Arab nationalist officers, including
818:
officers, who referred to themselves as the "Free Officers",
791:
626:
622:
57:
1095:
1093:
1195:. Issue No. 595, 18–24 July 2002. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
715:
1416:
1090:
857:
in 1963 and vowed to restore the union with Egypt in the
802:, which had begun in 1882 during the Anglo-Egyptian War.
798:
to abdicate his throne. The revolution led to the end of
38:
The flag of the Egyptian Revolution and Egypt (1953–1958)
16:
Military group that launched the 1952 Egyptian Revolution
1102:"The Free Officers in Opposition: Imagining Revolution"
1181:(6th ed.). London: Routledge. pp. 288–289.
625:
in the late 1940s, it was the Free Officers coup in
456:
cell under Abdel Moneim Abdel Raouf, which included
431:
1526:
842:, who was killed by the organizers of the coup.
1355:
1340:
1176:
654:. The Free Officers Committee enlisted General
1402:
884:used a similar group to overthrow the Libyan
361:
1375:Armed Conflicts events Data: Egypt Coup 1952
1099:
1002:Captain Abdel Moneim Abdel Raouf (Air force)
895:led by the Free Officers is commemorated as
500:in 1952. The Movement was succeeded by the
1409:
1395:
1167:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
1086:http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/9434122
368:
354:
32:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1146:. Stanford University Press. p. 72.
906:The name was consciously assumed by the
703:(1918–2012) joined the committee later.
571:
515:
379:
1360:(6th ed.). Routledge. p. 310.
1345:(6th ed.). Routledge. p. 289.
1310:In Search of Identity: An Autobiography
1276:In Search of Identity: An Autobiography
1242:In Search of Identity: An Autobiography
1208:In Search of Identity: An Autobiography
1141:
1040:Major General Mohamed Uthman (Infantry)
1527:
1418:Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council
1341:Cleveland, William L.; Bunton (2016).
1177:Cleveland, William L.; Bunton (2016).
1056:Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council
1390:
1150:
1026:Amin Shaker (Military Communication)
908:Free Officers and Civilians Movement
1358:A History of the Modern Middle East
1356:Cleveland, William; Bunton (2018).
1343:A History of the Modern Middle East
1179:A History of the Modern Middle East
699:(1918–2005) and Lieutenant Colonel
506:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
421:
192:Supreme Council of the Armed Forces
13:
14:
1576:
1368:
1165:The Modern Middle East: A History
1100:Abou-El-Fadl, Reem, ed. (2018),
838:and overthrew the government of
691:(1922–2018), and Wing Commander
436:) were a group of revolutionary
329:History of the Egyptian military
165:
160:
155:
150:
67:
56:
1349:
1334:
1300:
853:the secessionist government of
849:, Ba'athists and independents,
706:
452:. Initially started as a small
187:Ministry of Military Production
1550:Free Officers Movement (Egypt)
1266:
1232:
1198:
1185:
1170:
1135:
1078:
1066:Free Officers Movement (Libya)
667:(1919–67), Lieutenant Colonel
303:Ranks of the Egyptian Military
1:
1306:
1272:
1238:
1204:
1071:
683:(1918–2001), Squadron Leader
511:
502:Revolutionary Command Council
396:(standing), Nasser (seated),
22:Free Officers Movement (Egypt
914:who opposed Saddam Hussein.
869:invoked a similar idea, the
615:
342:List of wars involving Egypt
7:
1565:Egyptian revolution of 1952
1051:Egyptian revolution of 1952
1044:
910:, led by Brigadier-General
893:Egyptian revolution of 1952
450:Egyptian revolution of 1952
433:Ḥarakat al-dubbāṭ al-ʾaḥrār
432:
285:Egyptian Thunderbolt Forces
223:Egyptian Air Defense Forces
10:
1581:
1191:All the revolution's men.
917:
800:British control over Egypt
679:(1921–99), Wing Commander
1545:Military history of Egypt
1424:
1114:10.1017/9781108566025.004
1037:Mounier Shash (Artillery)
805:
483:The nationally respected
337:Military of ancient Egypt
231:Armies and Military Areas
98:
93:
79:
51:
43:
31:
26:
21:
1540:Egyptian revolutionaries
1014:Abd al-Latif al-Boghdadi
951:(Military Communication)
259:East Military Canal Zone
249:Southern Military Region
244:Northern Military Region
88:1952 Egyptian Revolution
1142:Stenner, David (2019).
1061:History of Modern Egypt
1034:Aly Mansour (Air Force)
1030:Mashhour Ahmed Mashhour
901:public holiday in Egypt
891:The anniversary of the
758:
643:1947–1949 Palestine war
254:Central Military Region
239:Western Military Region
745:
592:
569:
544:. Back row from left:
409:
1555:Rebel groups in Egypt
1535:Egyptian nationalists
1307:Sadat, Anwar (1977).
1273:Sadat, Anwar (1977).
1239:Sadat, Anwar (1977).
1205:Sadat, Anwar (1977).
871:Free Princes Movement
865:during the 1960s the
733:
731:, killing the pilot.
575:
520:Front row from left:
519:
446:Sudanese Armed Forces
442:Egyptian Armed Forces
383:
143:Egyptian Armed Forces
84:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1560:Revolutions in Egypt
1484:Kamal el-Din Hussein
1439:Abdel Latif Boghdadi
977:Kamal el-Din Hussein
859:United Arab Republic
720:Battle of El Alamein
693:Abdel Latif Boghdadi
677:Kamal el-Din Hussein
577:Abdel Latif Boghdadi
558:Kamal el-Din Hussein
522:Abdel Latif Boghdadi
466:Kamal el-Din Hussein
448:that instigated the
438:Egyptian nationalist
394:Kamal Eddine Hessien
390:Abdel Latif Boghdadi
115:Abdel Latif Boghdadi
74:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
1144:Globalizing Morocco
954:Lieutenant Colonel
947:Lieutenant Colonel
940:Lieutenant Colonel
542:Mohamed Anwar Sadat
460:, Hussein Hamouda,
422:حركة الضباط الأحرار
182:Ministry of Defense
27:حركة الضباط الأحرار
1434:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1380:2012-05-15 at the
996:General Ali Elbana
942:Gamal Abdel Nasser
933:Brigadier General
882:Muammar al-Gaddafi
840:Abd al-Karim Qasim
788:revolution of 1952
718:in advance of the
661:Gamal Abdel Nasser
635:Gamal Abdel Nasser
593:
581:Gamal Abdel Nasser
570:
526:Gamal Abdel Nasser
458:Gamal Abdel Nasser
454:rebellion military
410:
316:Air Force officers
218:Egyptian Air Force
107:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1522:
1521:
1489:Abdel Moneim Amin
1474:Hussein el-Shafei
1459:Zakaria Mohieddin
1163:Gelvin, James L.
1123:978-1-108-47504-4
999:Major Hamdy Ebeid
991:Hussein Al Shafei
956:Zakaria Mohieddin
816:Iraqi nationalist
729:Gloster Gladiator
701:Zakaria Mohieddin
697:Hussein el-Shafei
695:(1917–99); Major
687:(1917–90), Major
675:(1920–62), Major
671:(1918–81), Major
663:(1917–70), Major
566:Zakaria Mohieddin
546:Hussein el-Shafei
430:
386:Zakaria Mohyeddin
378:
377:
264:Second Field Army
124:
123:
119:Zakaria Mohieddin
1572:
1464:Khaled Mohieddin
1444:Abdel Hakim Amer
1411:
1404:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1362:
1361:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1097:
1088:
1082:
1019:Squadron Leader
993:(Armoured Corps)
986:(Armoured Corps)
984:Khalid Mohieddin
963:Abdel Hakim Amer
861:(1958–1961). In
822:the pro-British
689:Khalid Mohieddin
665:Abdel Hakim Amer
597:Great Depression
589:Abdel Hakim Amer
550:Khaled Mohieddin
534:Abdel Hakim Amer
485:Arab-Israeli War
474:Abdel Hakim Amer
462:Khaled Mohieddin
440:officers in the
435:
425:
423:
408:and Ahmad Shawki
398:Abdel Hakim Amer
370:
363:
356:
269:Third Field Army
200:Service branches
169:
164:
159:
154:
144:
129:
128:
111:Abdel Hakim Amer
72:
71:
63:Kingdom of Egypt
61:
60:
36:
19:
18:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1420:
1415:
1382:Wayback Machine
1371:
1366:
1365:
1354:
1350:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1203:
1199:
1193:Al Ahram Weekly
1190:
1186:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1151:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1047:
1012:Wing Commander
1005:Wing Commander
930:(Border Guards)
928:Muhammad Naguib
920:
912:Najib al-Salihi
808:
761:
741:
709:
656:Muhammad Naguib
618:
587:(center right)
514:
374:
142:
127:
117:
113:
109:
105:
86:
66:
65:
55:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1578:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1494:Youssef Seddik
1491:
1486:
1481:
1479:Hassan Ibrahim
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1429:Mohamed Naguib
1425:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1370:
1369:External links
1367:
1364:
1363:
1348:
1333:
1319:
1299:
1285:
1265:
1251:
1231:
1217:
1197:
1184:
1169:
1149:
1134:
1122:
1089:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1021:Hassan Ibrahim
1017:
1010:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
987:
980:
973:
966:
959:
952:
949:Anwar El-Sadat
945:
938:
935:Youssef Seddik
931:
926:Major General
919:
916:
897:Revolution Day
855:Nazim al-Qudsi
826:government of
807:
804:
760:
757:
708:
705:
685:Hassan Ibrahim
669:Anwar El-Sadat
617:
614:
583:(center left)
562:Hassan Ibrahim
530:Mohamed Naguib
513:
510:
489:Mohamed Naguib
406:Youssef Sedeek
402:Mohamed Naguib
376:
375:
373:
372:
365:
358:
350:
347:
346:
345:
344:
339:
331:
330:
326:
325:
324:
323:
318:
313:
305:
304:
300:
299:
298:
297:
292:
287:
279:
278:
277:Special Forces
274:
273:
272:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
233:
232:
228:
227:
226:
225:
220:
215:
210:
202:
201:
197:
196:
195:
194:
189:
184:
176:
175:
174:Administration
171:
170:
147:
146:
138:
137:
125:
122:
121:
103:Mohamed Naguib
100:
96:
95:
91:
90:
81:
77:
76:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1577:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1337:
1322:
1320:0-06-090705-3
1316:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1288:
1286:0-06-090705-3
1282:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1254:
1252:0-06-090705-3
1248:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1220:
1218:0-06-090705-3
1214:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1194:
1188:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1145:
1138:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
988:
985:
981:
978:
974:
971:
967:
964:
960:
957:
953:
950:
946:
943:
939:
936:
932:
929:
925:
924:
923:
915:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
780:
776:
775:
769:
767:
756:
754:
750:
744:
738:
732:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
657:
653:
648:
644:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
613:
610:
606:
602:
598:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
509:
507:
503:
499:
496:that toppled
495:
490:
486:
481:
479:
478:Palestine War
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
428:
419:
415:
414:Free Officers
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
371:
366:
364:
359:
357:
352:
351:
349:
348:
343:
340:
338:
335:
334:
333:
332:
328:
327:
322:
321:Navy officers
319:
317:
314:
312:
311:Army officers
309:
308:
307:
306:
302:
301:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
281:
280:
276:
275:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
235:
234:
230:
229:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
213:Egyptian Navy
211:
209:
208:Egyptian Army
206:
205:
204:
203:
199:
198:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
178:
177:
173:
172:
168:
163:
158:
153:
149:
148:
145:
140:
139:
135:
131:
130:
126:Military unit
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
70:
64:
59:
54:
50:
46:
42:
35:
30:
25:
20:
1509:Ahmed Shawqi
1504:Kamal Rifaat
1357:
1351:
1342:
1336:
1324:. Retrieved
1309:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1275:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1241:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1207:
1200:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1172:
1164:
1143:
1137:
1127:, retrieved
1105:
1080:
921:
905:
903:on 23 July.
899:, an annual
890:
875:
867:Prince Talal
863:Saudi Arabia
844:
836:Ba'ath Party
828:Nuri al-Said
809:
782:
772:
770:
762:
753:German spies
749:German spies
746:
737:Erwin Rommel
734:
724:Erwin Rommel
710:
707:World War II
639:
631:middle class
619:
601:Great Powers
594:
482:
413:
411:
1514:Lutfi Wahid
1499:Ahmed Anwar
1469:Anwar Sadat
1454:Salah Salem
1449:Gamal Salem
1023:(Air force)
1016:(Air force)
1009:(Air force)
1007:Gamal Salem
979:(Artillery)
972:(Artillery)
970:Salah Salem
796:King Farouk
794:and forced
712:Anwar Sadat
681:Gamal Salem
673:Salah Salem
647:imperialism
609:Middle East
585:Salah Salem
554:Gamal Salem
538:Salah Salem
498:King Farouk
80:Engagements
1529:Categories
1129:2023-08-29
1072:References
965:(Infantry)
958:(Infantry)
944:(Infantry)
937:(Infantry)
886:King Idris
847:Nasserists
779:Suez Canal
652:revolution
605:Arab World
512:Background
494:revolution
470:Salah Nasr
99:Commanders
94:Commanders
888:in 1969.
832:Faisal II
824:Hashemite
766:feudalism
616:Formation
427:romanized
52:Countries
47:1949–1953
1378:Archived
1045:See also
783:fedayeen
774:fedayeen
591:(right).
487:veteran
295:Unit 999
290:Unit 777
134:a series
132:Part of
1326:20 June
1292:20 June
1258:20 June
1224:20 June
918:Members
880:leader
851:toppled
820:toppled
777:in the
603:in the
579:(left)
429::
1317:
1283:
1249:
1215:
1120:
989:Major
982:Major
975:Major
968:Major
961:Major
878:Libyan
806:Legacy
418:Arabic
44:Active
876:Then
792:Cairo
716:Nazis
627:Egypt
623:Syria
1328:2024
1315:ISBN
1294:2024
1281:ISBN
1260:2024
1247:ISBN
1226:2024
1213:ISBN
1118:ISBN
830:and
814:and
812:Arab
786:the
759:Rise
607:and
595:The
444:and
412:The
1110:doi
1531::
1152:^
1116:,
1104:,
1092:^
564:,
560:,
556:,
552:,
548:,
540:.
536:,
532:,
528:,
524:,
508:.
472:,
468:,
464:,
424:,
420::
404:,
400:,
392:,
388:,
136:on
1410:e
1403:t
1396:v
1330:.
1296:.
1262:.
1228:.
1112::
568:.
416:(
369:e
362:t
355:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
