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327:, and he was made a fellow of this society. Arnot continued to organise missionaries, both male and female, over the next decade, establishing a string of missions from the Atlantic coast in Angola to Garenganze. Maintaining these posts involved delicate arrangements with the Belgian and Portuguese colonial authorities and with the local African traders and chiefs. Arnot's missionaries had high mortality. He wrote later that the route to the interior was marked by a chain of graves. It is probable that he felt these graves established a form of moral claim on the territory.
174:
315:
the same toward Msidi. I have no suspicion of his friendship; he most carefully avoids asking anything of me". Arnot was allowed to build a mission with a church, school, clinic and orphanage and began to teach the children to read and write. He was the only
European in Garanganze from January 1886 until December 1887. He was then joined by Charles Swan and William Henry Faulknor, two other missionaries. Arnot left the mission in their hands in February 1888 and reached Britain on 18 September 1888 after an absence of over seven years.
292:
311:. M'sidi is, though a perfect savage, one of the most powerful monarchs of that part of Africa. He is a cruel despot, who governs by means of 2,000 fusileers, whom he has trained and armed, and whom he employs on marauding expeditions. His own palace is surrounded by human skulls ... The celebrated Katanga copper mines are in his dominions..."
150:. He was not associated with a missionary board, although in his work he was always glad to cooperate with those who were. He aimed to find a region in the hinterland that would be healthy for Europeans. They could train the local Africans in the Christian faith, and these Africans could in turn act as missionaries in the less healthy regions.
33:
354:
Arnot became seriously ill on a trip in 1914 to what is now northwest Zambia, and was carried back to
Johannesburg. He died there on 14 May 1914. In his time, Arnot was known as "the knight of Africa". Arnot's son Nigel and daughter Winifred also became missionaries, working at the Kalunda mission in
287:
in the west. Based on
Bunkeya, the state controlled a huge central-African trading network, mostly dealing in slaves but also in ivory, salt, copper and iron ore. Traders came to Bunkeya from the Zambezi and Congo basins, from Angola, Uganda and Zanzibar. The Arabs from the east coast bought guns and
266:
kingdom. On 3 June 1885 Arnot set out with a caravan of forty bearers and supplies for two years, reaching
Bunkeya on 14 February 1886. When Arnot arrived he had no food left, no trade goods and no white companions. He received a warm welcome, however, although Msiri discouraged his missionary work
314:
Msiri's rule was harsh but Arnot managed to establish a relationship of mutual respect. He said: "Msidi is a thorough gentleman. The other day he told one of his courtiers that he had one true friend and that was 'Monare,' for in his heart he did not find one single suspicion of me and I feel much
334:
who later would found the Kalene
Mission Hospital. Despite invitations from Msiri, Arnot's poor health meant he could not risk the grueling journey to Bunkeya. Instead, he and his wife remained in what is now eastern Angola. In 1892 Arnot went back to England, living for the next two years in the
169:
where he was welcomed by King Kama, who had been converted to
Christianity. Arnot arrived in Shoshong on 11 March 1882. There he met the missionary J.D. Hepburn and observed him at work. He called Hepburn "a faithful man, who sought the conversion not only of the natives of the tribe but also of
351:. Recurring health problems forced Arnot to return from Katanga after only a few weeks. However, in later years he made further expeditions into what are now Angola, Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Many of the missions he established then are still active.
306:
An unsympathetic report written in 1890 said: "There is the
Garangange kingdom of M'sidi, where Mr. F.S. Arnot, 'the young Livingstone,' and his friends are trying to found a mission. This country is picturesque and salubrious, consisting of highlands to the west of
130:. He looked up to Livingstone as a hero and determined to emulate him. He felt practical skills would be needed in his future missionary career. At fourteen he left school to become an apprentice joiner in the Glasgow shipyards. Arnot was brought up in the
225:
rivers. At 5,000 feet (1,500 m) the location was cool and relatively free of malaria-carrying mosquitoes. The journey was arduous, through rough country and with constant exposure to accidents and unfamiliar diseases. Arnot eventually reached
217:. Despite his illness, he refused to be carried in a hammock by African porters, insisting on riding an ox. He had to travel westward rather than to the east as he had planned. His route took him over the high country along the watershed of the
270:
Msiri's father had been in the business of buying copper ore in
Katanga and transporting it to the east coast of Africa for resale. As a young man Msiri remained behind in the region as his father's agent. He became leader of a group of
205:
for an alliance to resist the white men. Arnot may have helped
Lewanika to see the advantages of a British protectorate in terms of the greater wealth and security it would provide. Lewanika kept him here for the next eighteen months.
339:
where he oversaw the shipment of goods to the missions in Africa. He returned to
Katanga in 1894, this time travelling from the east coast. His route took him up the lower Zambezi River, north through
1507:
1522:
330:
Early in 1889 Arnot returned to Africa accompanied by thirteen recruits. These included his wife Harriet Jane Fisher, whom he had married in March of that year. It also included
302:. The objects on top of the four poles, below which some of Msiri's warriors are gathered, are heads of his enemies. More skulls are on the stakes forming the stockade.
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1314:
247:
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In 1905 the medical missionary Walter Fisher, who had accompanied Arnot on a later visit to Africa in 1889, established a hospital at Kalene Hill.
323:
Arnot had become well-known from reports of his travels and work. In London he was invited to read a paper on the source of the Zambezi to the
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on the Atlantic coast in Portuguese territory around the end of 1884. It had taken him four years to cross the continent from east to west.
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Arnot left Bulozi in 1884 to seek medical attention and to escape a brewing rebellion against Lewanika. He was assisted in reaching the
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Southern Central Africa around 1880, showing the main interior trade routes. Msiri's kingdom is in the center of the map.
126:, southeast of Glasgow, for several years. There he became close to his neighbours, the family of the medical missionary
98:(12 September 1858 – 14 May 1914) was a British missionary who did much to establish Christian missions in what are now
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Bulozi Under the Luyana Kings: Political Evolution and State Formation in Pre-Colonial Zambia
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Garenganze, West and East: a review of twenty-one years' pioneer work in the heart of Africa
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The new world of Central Africa: With a history of the first Christian mission on the Congo
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From Natal to the upper Zambesi with continuation entitled First year among the Barotsi
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over his territory. Msiri refused and fled to a nearby village where he was killed by
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Friends for life, friends for death: cohorts and consciousness among the Lunda-Ndembu
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Twenty years in Khama's country: and, Pioneering among the Batauana of Lake Ngami
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arrived at Bunkeya. Stairs demanded that Msiri accept the sovereignty of King
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Bihé and Garenganze: or four years' further work and travel in Central Africa
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With Captain Stairs to Katanga: Slavery and Subjugation in the Congo 1891–92
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157:. In August 1881, he left for the interior, traveling slowly through the
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A civilised savagery: Britain and the new slaveries in Africa, 1884–1926
797:. Women's Foreign Missionary Societies of the Presbyterian Church. 1889.
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Crown and charter: the early years of the British South Africa Company
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Garenganze: or, Seven years' pioneer mission work in central Africa
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Protestant missionaries in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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The imperial horizons of British Protestant missions, 1880–1914
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Angola, 1880 to the present: slavery, exploitation, and revolt
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After a three-month stay Arnot continued northward across the
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in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with its capital at
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189:, in what is now western Zambia. In December 1882 he reached
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British expatriates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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ammunition, which Msiri used to maintain his position.
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every man who passed through Shoshong white or black".
795:
Woman's work for woman and our mission field, Volume 4
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territory, as the guest of some missionaries from the
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on 12 September 1858. His family lived in the town of
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American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
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in Angola by the Portuguese trader and army officer
789:
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407:David Livingstone, Frederick Stanley Arnot (1912).
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409:Missionary travels and researches in South Africa
275:, and established a state that extended from the
250:. Messengers arrived there from the chief Msidi (
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16:British missionary to Central Africa (1858-1914)
279:south to the Congo-Zambezi watershed, and from
267:for fear it would make his subjects disloyal.
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454:In December 1891 a Belgian expedition under
238:Arnot recovered his health while staying at
262:. Msiri invited the white men to visit his
1071:
1057:
811:. University of California Press. p.
193:, the capital. Arnot was present when the
146:In July 1881, aged 22, Arnot embarked for
31:
1040:Works by or about Frederick Stanley Arnot
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926:Dictionary of African Christian Biography
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254:), who ruled a large area in what is now
769:Fish, Bruce; Fish, Becky Durost (2001).
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838:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
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153:Arnot travelled by coastal steamer to
1325:Australian Baptist Missionary Society
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373:
1390:Paris Evangelical Missionary Society
419:Missionary travels in central Africa
1503:British expatriates in South Africa
141:
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884:Grattan Guinness, Mrs. H. (1890).
14:
1534:
1518:Protestant missionaries in Zambia
1513:Protestant missionaries in Angola
1350:Christian and Missionary Alliance
1033:
1011:Pritchett, James Anthony (2007).
374:Arnot, Frederick Stanley (1889).
1488:Scottish Protestant missionaries
1017:. University of Virginia Press.
899:Hepburn, James Davidson (1895).
890:. Hodder and Stoughton. p.
416:Frederick Stanley Arnot (1914).
396:Frederick Stanley Arnot (1902).
385:Frederick Stanley Arnot (1893).
365:Frederick Stanley Arnot (1884).
108:Democratic Republic of the Congo
448:
369:(3 ed.). James E. Hawkins.
358:
318:
1457:Timeline of Christian missions
996:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
764:. Vol. 44. J.S. Phillips.
439:
422:. Office of Echoes of Service.
134:, but became a member of the
113:
1:
1498:British expatriates in Angola
1079:Protestant missions to Africa
756:Evangelical Alliance (1890).
427:
201:received a proposal from the
1227:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
954:. African Books Collective.
920:Howard, Dr. J. Keir (2005).
830:Gondola, Ch. Didier (2002).
477:
7:
1167:Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt
969:Moloney, Joseph A. (2007).
242:, inland from the coast in
10:
1539:
1436:Slavery Abolition Act 1833
1395:Rhenish Missionary Society
1370:Livingstone Inland Mission
1365:Finnish Missionary Society
1182:Christian Ignatius Latrobe
990:Porter, Andrew N. (2003).
922:"Arnot, Frederick Stanley"
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325:Royal Geographical Society
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1375:London Missionary Society
1330:Berlin Missionary Society
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791:"Frederick Stanlet Arnot"
635:Evangelical Alliance 1890
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1415:Wycliffe Global Alliance
1197:Alexander Murdoch Mackay
1132:Daniel Kumler Flickinger
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343:and then west via lakes
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1267:John McKendree Springer
1102:Frederick Stanley Arnot
775:. Infobase Publishing.
762:Evangelical Christendom
735:Barnett, Gavin (2008).
545:Frederick Stanlet Arnot
530:Frederick Stanlet Arnot
96:Frederick Stanley Arnot
25:Frederick Stanley Arnot
1452:Christianity in Africa
1355:Church Mission Society
1272:Marion Scott Stevenson
1257:William Henry Sheppard
1177:Margaret Nicholl Laird
303:
298:'s boma (compound) at
215:António da Silva Porto
178:
1320:Africa Inland Mission
1157:Joseph Crane Hartzell
1137:Joseph Jackson Fuller
865:. Routledge. p.
857:Grant, Kevin (2005).
738:Like a River Glorious
671:Grattan Guinness 1890
460:Leopold II of Belgium
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176:
1431:Slave Trade Act 1807
1385:Mission to the World
1345:Congo-Balolo Mission
975:. Jeppestown Press.
932:on 27 September 2007
834:The history of Congo
620:Fish & Fish 2001
456:William Grant Stairs
1493:Clergy from Glasgow
1172:Johann Ludwig Krapf
283:in the east to the
1242:Orishatukeh Faduma
803:Galbraith, John S.
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132:Church of Scotland
118:Arnot was born in
1465:
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1410:WEC International
1360:Echoes of Service
1340:BMS World Mission
1287:John Denys Taylor
1252:Heinrich Schmelen
1187:David Livingstone
1152:Joseph Hardcastle
1024:978-0-8139-2624-7
982:978-0-9553936-5-5
961:978-9982-24-052-9
748:978-0-620-32098-6
610:, pp. 29–31.
136:Plymouth Brethren
128:David Livingstone
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912:0-7146-1870-5
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905:. Routledge.
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1262:Mary Slessor
1247:Alfred Saker
1127:Daniel Coker
1122:Joseph Booth
1101:
1092:Roland Allen
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934:. Retrieved
930:the original
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758:"Garanganze"
741:. Lulu.com.
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719:Barnett 2008
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709:, p. x.
707:Moloney 2007
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659:Gondola 2002
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647:Gondola 2002
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557:Hepburn 1895
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411:. J. Murray.
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319:Later career
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89:Explorations
62:Johannesburg
18:
1483:1914 deaths
1478:1858 births
1232:John Philip
1207:Mary Moffat
1117:Samuel Bill
1107:John Arthur
936:14 December
695:Porter 2003
581:Mainga 2010
515:Howard 2005
464:Omer Bodson
341:Lake Malawi
211:Bié Plateau
114:Early years
70:Nationality
58:14 May 1914
1472:Categories
1306:Missionary
683:Grant 2005
593:Arnot 1889
428:References
345:Tanganyika
281:Lake Mweru
264:Garenganze
81:Missionary
78:Occupation
49:, Scotland
478:Citations
337:Liverpool
244:Ovimbundu
159:Transvaal
148:Cape Town
1445:See also
1308:agencies
948:(2010).
805:(1974).
355:Angola.
335:port of
240:Bailundu
228:Benguela
221:and the
199:Lewanika
167:Botswana
163:Shoshong
124:Hamilton
106:and the
1042:at the
728:Sources
300:Bunkeya
260:Bunkeya
219:Zambezi
203:Ndebele
185:to the
120:Glasgow
110:(DRC).
73:British
47:Glasgow
1085:People
1021:
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191:Lealui
155:Durban
104:Zambia
100:Angola
433:Notes
349:Mweru
296:Msiri
252:Msiri
234:Msiri
223:Congo
197:King
1405:USPG
1019:ISBN
998:ISBN
977:ISBN
956:ISBN
938:2011
907:ISBN
871:ISBN
844:ISBN
817:ISBN
777:ISBN
743:ISBN
347:and
195:Lozi
55:Died
40:Born
1400:SIM
892:163
867:118
813:210
165:in
161:to
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627:^
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