852:, Prime Minister of Northern Rhodesia, signed the "Barotseland Agreement 1964" which established Barotseland's position within Zambia in place of the earlier agreement between Barotseland and the British Government. The agreement was based on a long history of close social, economic and political interactions, but granted significant continued autonomy to Barotseland. The Barotseland Agreement granted Barotse authorities local self-governance rights and rights to be consulted on specified matters, including over land, natural resources and local government. It also established the Litunga of Barotseland as "the principal local authority for the government and administration of Barotseland", that he would remain in control of the "Barotse Native Government", the "Barotse Native Authorities", the courts known as the "Barotse Native Courts", "matters relating to local government", "land", "forests", "fishing", "control of hunting", "game preservation", the "Barotse native treasury", the supply of beer and "local taxation". There was also to be no appeal from Barotseland's courts to the courts of Zambia.
808:
King
Lewanika and his kingdom were to be protected. Ware transferred his concession to Cecil Rhodes of the British South Africa Company. Seeking the improvement of the military protection and with the intention to sign a treaty with the British Government, King Lewanika signed on 26 June 1890 the Lochner concession putting Barotseland under the protection of the British South Africa Company. At that time, there was European administration in Southern Rhodesia, in Nyasaland further East, and the beginnings of European administration in what was then called North-Eastern Rhodesia (centred on Fort Jameson, now Chipata) and also North-Western Rhodesia - basically Barotseland. Later, these two were administratively combined as simply "Northern Rhodesia", later divided up in five Provinces and Barotseland, which was treated slightly differently from the rest.
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institutions that had governed
Barotseland and brought the kingdom under the administration of a uniform local government system. Then in 1969, the Zambian Parliament passed the Constitutional Amendment Act, annulling the Barotseland Agreement of 1964. Later that year the government changed Barotseland's name to Western Province and announced that all provinces would be treated "equally". The agreement's dissolution and the stubbornness of successive governments in ignoring repeated calls to restore it have fuelled the region's ongoing tension. One of the reasons why Kenneth Kaunda "revoked" the United Kingdom's
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1038:, purported to be authored by a BFM representative, condemned the activities of the Linyungandambo group. The BFM accused the Linyungandambo of having set up Barotseland Government portal website without consultations, and included BFM members in the purported Barotseland Government without their consent, and in disregard of the effort being made by Sata to find a lasting solution. The author, Shuwanga Shuwanga, stated that Linyungandambo had refused to work with the BFM back in 2011.
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1034:. The groups are Linyungandambo, Barotse Freedom Movement (BFM), and the Movement for the Restoration of Barotseland. Experts have said that these three groups may become political parties should Barotseland gain independence. Fighting between the three groups has already surfaced. An article which appeared on the
1002:
Activists claim
Barotseland is now theoretically independent from Zambia on the basis of the Zambian High Court ruling (see below), that the 1964 Agreement was unilaterally abrogated by Zambia, as being null and void (see above) – i.e., Zambia washed its hands of Barotseland, which therefore reverted
807:
By 1880, the kingdom was stabilised and King
Lewanika signed a treaty on 26 June 1889 to provide the kingdom international recognition as a State. After the discovery of diamonds, King Lewanika began trading with Europe. The first trade concession was signed on 27 June 1889 with Harry Ware, in return
855:
Within a year of taking office as president of the newly independent Zambia on 24 October 1964, President
Kenneth Kaunda began to introduce various acts that abrogated most of the powers allotted to Barotseland under the agreement. Notably, the Local Government Act of 1965 abolished the traditional
534:
In 1964, Barotseland became part of Zambia when that country achieved independence. In 2012, a group of traditional Lozi leaders, calling itself the
Barotseland National Council, called for independence; other tribal chieftains oppose secession, however.
839:
tribes who occupied the land to the north of the land occupied by the
Barotse. The Barotse claimed that these were vassal tribes, while they claimed that they were not. Eventually, the Government set up a Commission to adjudicate, and the Barotse lost.
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523:(BSAC), and then with the British government that ensured the kingdom maintained much of its traditional authority under the Litunga. Barotseland was essentially a nation-state, a protectorate within the larger protectorate of
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The prefixes "Ma-" (singular) or "Ba-" (plural) indicate "a man / the people/tribe of"; "Lozi" or "-rotse" are different interpretations/spellings of the same word. "Si-" indicates the language.
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883:, reflected in Kaunda changing the name from Barotseland Province to Western Province, and subsequently tearing up the 1964 Agreement. According to Barotse activists' views, the government in
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492:. Barotseland covers an area of 252,386 square kilometres, but is estimated to have been twice as large at certain points in its history. Once an empire, the Kingdom stretched into Namibia,
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that the BSAC agents had misrepresented the terms of the concession, but his protests fell on deaf ears, and in 1899 the United
Kingdom proclaimed a protectorate and governed it as part of
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1045:
of
Barotseland have since formed one umbrella organisation called the Barotse National Freedom Alliance (BNFA) which is headed by the former Ngambela of Barotseland (Prime Minister)
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469:, or Malozi, who are a unified group of over 46 individual formerly diverse tribes related through kinship, whose original branch are the Luyi (Maluyi), and also assimilated
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to the situation that existed before
Zambian Independence; i.e. that Barotseland remains a Protectorate of Great Britain. However, Britain does not want to get involved.
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Barotseland's status at the onset of the colonial era differed from the other regions which became Zambia. It was the first territory north of the Zambezi to sign a
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who ruled from 1878 to 1916, with one break in 1884–85. He restored the traditions of the Lozi political economy in the arena of the invasion by the
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In 1845 Barotseland had been conquered by the Makololo (Kololo) from Lesotho – which is why the Barotse language, Silozi, is a variant of
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Due to continuing human rights violations on the part of Zambia, in 2013 the Barotseland National Freedom Alliance also petitioned the
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734:. The Barotse (the Lozi) reached the Zambezi River in the 17th century and their kingdom grew until it comprised some 25 peoples from
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and independent Zambia. At the pre-Independence talks, the Barotse simply asked for a continuation of "Queen Victoria's protection".
753:
A detailed investigation into the history of the Barotse was carried out in 1939 in connection with the Balovale Dispute, see below.
1015:, the Barotse National Party was established to contest the two Barotseland districts, as part of an electoral alliance with the
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1193:"All shook up: Zambia's president Michael Sata broke a 2011 campaign promise to restore the Barotseland kingdom's autonomy"
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origins with the kingdom originally divided into north and south. The north being ruled by a man, the King, called the
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of the Barotseland Agreement 1964, alleging to terminate the treaty by which Barotseland initially joined Zambia.
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Currently, there are three groups who claim to represent Barotseland. In January 2012, the president of Zambia,
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from the late 19th-century. The Litunga, the monarch of Barotseland, had negotiated agreements, first with the
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1971:
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Lewanika wrote to Queen Victoria, "My country is your blanket, and my people are the fleas in that blanket."
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1811:
863:
Barotseland independentists continued to lobby to be treated as a separate state and was given substantial
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la Mboela or Mulena Mukwae, "Queen of the south". Both are allegedly directly descended from the ancient
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A Governance analysis of the Barotse Floodplain System, Zambia: Identifying obstacles and opportunities
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1831:
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of Zambia. In pre-colonial times, Barotseland included some neighbouring parts of what are now the
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including half of eastern and northern provinces of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo's
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2615:
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1404:
Your Friend, Lewanika: the life and times of Lubosi Lewanika, Litunga of Barotseland 1842 to 1916
1363:
Africa and the world: An introduction to the history of sub-Saharan Africa from antiquity to 1840
1233:
Silvius, Marcel J.; Oneka, M.; Verhagen, A. (2000). "Wetlands: lifeline for people at the edge".
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A desire to secede was expressed from time to time, causing some friction with the government of
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932:, to examine Zambia's violations. This matter is currently being examined by the commission.
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visited Barotseland, but after thirty years the Luyi successfully overthrew the Kololo king.
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also starved Barotseland of development – it has only one tarred road into the centre, from
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The government of Barotseland is the Kuta, presided over by the Ngambela (Prime Minister).
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8:
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1419:
Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996.
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Phiri, Bizeck J. (2005). "Lozi Kingdom and the Kololo". In Shillington, Kevin (ed.).
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2438:
2331:
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1528:"Zambian government's desperation over the people of Barotseland's Banjul petition"
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Mulambwa who ruled at the turn of the nineteenth century and through his grandson,
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714:. Other ethnic groupings that constitute the current Barotse kingdom migrated from
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meaning "keeper" or "guardian of the earth", and the south is ruled by a woman,
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Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere
1030:, met the representatives of the three groups at the Zambian State House in
710:, the Lozi matriarch, over 500 years ago. Its people were migrants from the
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1996:
1986:
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plant. Consequently, secessionist views are still aired from time to time.
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793:
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686:
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1641:"President Sata officially makes the Barotseland Agreement of 1964 public"
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including half of north-western province, southern province, and parts of
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2001:
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Madzudzo, E.; Mulanda, A.; Nagoli, J.; Lunda, J.; Ratner, B.D. (2013).
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702:
The origins of Barotseland are unclear, but are a prominent subject in
573: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2112:
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is reported to be that it called for the continuation of Barotseland.
3036:
3012:
2407:
1936:
1707:"Barotse National Freedom Alliance makes a presentation in Cape Town"
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953:
The national flag of Barotseland has a red field and a white stripe.
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516:
548:
217:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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2011:
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1991:
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African languages in general do not have a word for "maintenance"
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1663:"BFM fights Linyungandambo freedom fighters, puts hope in Sata"
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888:
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682:
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Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
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2006:
1956:
1911:
1896:
1876:
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1841:
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1131:"Politics and Economics of Barotseland - Kuomboka Geographic"
892:
706:. It is believed that the Barotse state was founded by Queen
511:
Under the British colonial administration, Barotseland was a
322:
831:
In the 1930s, there was trouble between the Barotse and the
2454:
2366:
2016:
1926:
1816:
1019:. In both districts, the BNP candidate heavily lost to the
956:
The traditional constitutional monarchy of Barotseland has
1574:
910:
In 2012, a Barotseland National Council accepted Zambia's
1726:
1687:
1506:"Ngambela on BBC: we are forming our own Barotse country"
531:
gave the BSAC mineral exploration rights in Barotseland.
1558:"Barotseland: National symbols, know your national flag"
742:. At the time, Barotseland was already a monarchy, when
2271:
1705:
Mukuyoyisa, Mukunyandela wa Nyandi (26 November 2013).
917:
In 2013, Barotseland became a member of the UNPO, the
1232:
776:
Sipopa Lutangu, king of the Lozi people in 1864–1876
3261:
Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa
1270:"Barotseland: the secessionist challenge to Zambia"
1082:. New York: Fitzroy Dearborn (Routledge). pp.
1338:
1336:
1115:. Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization.
803:Mwanawina II, king of the Lozi people in 1876–1878
3177:
1624:, "Inconclusive Election in Northern Rhodesia."
1077:
1333:
1080:Encyclopedia of African History, Volume II, H-O
926:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
2183:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
1401:
919:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
649:Map showing the principal towns of Barotseland
527:. In return for this protectorate status, the
3231:States and territories disestablished in 1911
2910:
2486:
2166:
1742:
1397:
1395:
905:
843:
3256:1911 disestablishments in the British Empire
1690:. Barotse National Freedom Alliance (BNFA).
1041:The various activist groups championing the
1415:
1413:
1360:
1214:"Barotseland kingdom seeks to leave Zambia"
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3226:States and territories established in 1899
2917:
2903:
2493:
2479:
2173:
2159:
1749:
1735:
1392:
1208:
1206:
1159:
750:were seasonal capitals of the Lozi kings.
89:. Please do not remove this message until
3251:1899 establishments in the British Empire
2924:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1163:Bitterness (An African Novel from Zambia)
633:Learn how and when to remove this message
251:Learn how and when to remove this message
233:Learn how and when to remove this message
171:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1410:
1195:. Good Governance Africa. Archived from
944:
798:
771:
644:
365:252,386 km (97,447 sq mi)
134:This article includes a list of general
85:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2500:
2439:District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
1365:. University Press of America. p.
1361:Gann, Lewis H.; Duignan, Peter (1999).
1203:
1073:
1071:
767:
3178:
2954:Mwanasolundwi Muyunda Mumbo wa Mulonga
1595:
1267:
1180:
1107:
1105:
1103:
2898:
2474:
2154:
1730:
1651:from the original on 19 October 2012.
1436:from the original on 3 February 2011.
1432:. The Lusaka Times. 31 January 2011.
1430:"Barotseland Agreement 1964 Document"
1274:The Journal of Modern African Studies
488:, a language most closely related to
1119:from the original on 3 January 2014.
1068:
1006:
997:
874:
738:to the Congo and from Angola to the
571:adding citations to reliable sources
542:
182:
120:
59:
18:
3114:(Lewanika I) (2nd time) (1885–1916)
1516:from the original on 3 August 2013.
1350:from the original on 23 April 2014.
1100:
826:
677:as well as Caprivi in northeastern
313:Approximate location of Barotseland
13:
3063:(1863–1864) – Brother of Sebetwane
1694:from the original on 7 April 2014.
1268:Caplan, Gerald L. (October 1968).
821:Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia
760:. The Makololo were in power when
140:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3272:
3018:Imasiku (1838) – Son of Mubukwanu
949:The Royal Standard of Barotseland
34:This article has multiple issues.
3246:1911 disestablishments in Africa
2801:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
2571:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2270:
2057:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1827:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1344:"The Balovale Dispute 1939–1941"
848:On 18 May 1964, the Litunga and
547:
307:
292:
280:
187:
125:
64:
23:
3057:Liswaniso (in rebellion) (1863)
1698:
1680:
1655:
1633:
1615:
1589:
1568:
1550:
1520:
1498:
1489:
1464:
1440:
1422:
1383:
1354:
1308:
940:
558:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
3108:Sikufele (in rebellion) (1885)
1534:. 7 March 2014. Archived from
1448:"Zambia Independence Act 1964"
1406:. London: Chatto & Windus.
1261:
1226:
1153:
1123:
1059:
1:
3241:1899 establishments in Africa
3015:(1830–1838) – Son of Mulambwa
1255:10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00079-4
1052:
891:to the provincial capital of
521:British South African Company
3236:Former British protectorates
1630:, Vol. 7, No. 1 (Dec., 1962)
811:Later Lewanika protested to
790:British South Africa Company
538:
461:. It is the homeland of the
455:Democratic Republic of Congo
7:
3206:Former monarchies of Africa
3133:Imwiko Lewanika (1946–1948)
3087:Mowa Mamili – Regent (1876)
1160:Katulwende, Malama (2005).
935:
213:the claims made and adding
91:conditions to do so are met
10:
3277:
3216:Former countries in Africa
1756:
906:2012 call for independence
844:Barotseland Agreement 1964
697:
692:
681:and parts of southeastern
3160:Ilute Yeta IV (1977–2000)
3143:Mwanawina III (1948–1968)
3070:
3025:
2936:
2814:
2789:
2508:
2447:
2431:
2390:
2279:
2268:
2189:
2070:
2045:
1764:
1286:10.1017/S0022278X00017456
867:within the later states,
400:
389:
381:
373:
359:
354:
344:
328:
318:
306:
276:
267:
3146:Hastings Ndangwa Noyoo -
3136:Shemakone Kalonga Wina -
3126:Shemakone Kalonga Wina -
3009:(1830) – Son of Mulambwa
2556:Central African Republic
1812:Central African Republic
16:Place in southern Africa
3117:Mokamba – Regent (1916)
3026:Makololo chiefs (title
1402:Clay, G. C. R. (1968).
858:Zambia Independence Act
350:Barotse, Barotselandian
155:more precise citations.
3130:(1st time) (1945–1946)
3099:(1st time) (1878–1884)
2302:Chittagong Hill Tracts
950:
804:
777:
650:
421:) is a region between
270:Kingdom of Barotseland
3166:Imwiko (2000–present)
2716:São Tomé and Príncipe
2576:Republic of the Congo
1972:São Tomé and Príncipe
1832:Republic of the Congo
948:
802:
775:
653:Its heartland is the
648:
1596:Kwalombota, Saleya.
1581:. Penang, Malaysia:
1472:"Gervas Clay | Home"
1017:United Federal Party
989:European colonialism
768:British colonisation
567:improve this article
3196:Geography of Zambia
2791:States with limited
2502:Geography of Africa
2347:Southern Azerbaijan
2047:States with limited
1667:zambianwatchdog.com
1647:. 15 January 2012.
1538:on 21 November 2015
1476:www.spanglefish.com
1316:"UNPO: Barotseland"
1247:2000PCEB...25..645S
1047:Clement W. Sinyinda
788:agreement with the
782:minerals concession
404:Barotseland, Bulozi
78:of this article is
2995:Mwananyanda Liwale
1598:"Barotseland Post"
1141:on 17 October 2020
1043:self-determination
987:and the spread of
951:
930:Banjul, the Gambia
805:
778:
655:Barotse Floodplain
651:
484:The Barotse speak
198:possibly contains
3221:Northern Rhodesia
3186:Regions of Africa
3173:
3172:
3153:Godwin Mbikusita
3140:(2nd time) (1948)
2892:
2891:
2818:other territories
2591:Equatorial Guinea
2468:
2467:
2357:Southern Mongolia
2322:Iranian Kurdistan
2148:
2147:
2074:other territories
1847:Equatorial Guinea
1717:on 23 April 2014.
1564:. 16 August 2016.
1512:. 29 March 2012.
1173:978-1-59569-031-9
1093:978-1-57958-454-2
1007:Political parties
998:Current situation
875:Post-colonial era
869:Northern Rhodesia
736:Southern Rhodesia
675:Southern Province
643:
642:
635:
617:
525:Northern Rhodesia
453:and the whole of
408:
407:
369:
368:
261:
260:
253:
243:
242:
235:
200:original research
181:
180:
173:
119:
118:
111:
57:
3268:
3073:Mbumu wa Litunga
3001:Mulambwa Santulu
2939:Mbumu wa Litunga
2919:
2912:
2905:
2896:
2895:
2879:
2878:(United Kingdom)
2874:Tristan da Cunha
2870:Ascension Island
2862:
2849:
2840:
2816:Dependencies and
2509:Sovereign states
2495:
2488:
2481:
2472:
2471:
2382:West Balochistan
2312:Gilgit Baltistan
2274:
2252:Western Togoland
2242:Rehoboth Basters
2175:
2168:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2135:
2134:(United Kingdom)
2130:Tristan da Cunha
2126:Ascension Island
2118:
2105:
2096:
2072:Dependencies and
1765:Sovereign states
1751:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1719:
1718:
1713:. Archived from
1702:
1696:
1695:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1637:
1631:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1562:Barotseland Post
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1510:Zambian Watchdog
1502:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1340:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1241:(7/8): 645–652.
1230:
1224:
1223:
1222:. 29 March 2012.
1210:
1201:
1200:
1199:on 7 April 2014.
1189:
1178:
1177:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1137:. Archived from
1135:sites.google.com
1127:
1121:
1120:
1109:
1098:
1097:
1075:
1066:
1063:
1036:Zambian Watchdog
827:Balovale Dispute
663:Western Province
638:
631:
627:
624:
618:
616:
575:
551:
543:
506:Katanga Province
459:Katanga Province
371:
370:
330:Common languages
311:
296:
284:
265:
264:
256:
249:
238:
231:
227:
224:
218:
215:inline citations
191:
190:
183:
176:
169:
165:
162:
156:
151:this article by
142:inline citations
129:
128:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3066:
3045:(female) (1851)
3021:
2932:
2923:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2860:
2847:
2838:
2819:
2817:
2810:
2794:
2792:
2785:
2504:
2499:
2469:
2464:
2443:
2427:
2386:
2275:
2266:
2185:
2181:Members of the
2179:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2116:
2103:
2094:
2075:
2073:
2066:
2050:
2048:
2041:
1760:
1755:
1723:
1722:
1703:
1699:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1602:barotsepost.com
1594:
1590:
1573:
1569:
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1555:
1551:
1541:
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1526:
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1521:
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1503:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1411:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1359:
1355:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1266:
1262:
1231:
1227:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1191:
1190:
1181:
1174:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1111:
1110:
1101:
1094:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1009:
1000:
943:
938:
908:
877:
846:
829:
770:
700:
695:
639:
628:
622:
619:
576:
574:
564:
552:
541:
385:baLozi, Barotse
377:muLozi, Murotse
362:
314:
302:
301:
300:
297:
289:
288:
285:
272:
257:
246:
245:
244:
239:
228:
222:
219:
204:
192:
188:
177:
166:
160:
157:
147:Please help to
146:
130:
126:
115:
104:
98:
95:
84:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3274:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3103:Akufuna Tatila
3100:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3082:Sipopa Lutangu
3078:
3076:
3071:Rulers (title
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3054:Mambili (1863)
3052:
3046:
3040:
3033:
3031:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2975:Yeta II Nalute
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2944:
2942:
2937:Rulers (title
2934:
2933:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:Western Sahara
2880:
2863:
2850:
2841:
2827:Canary Islands
2823:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2413:Crimean Tatars
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:South Moluccas
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:East Turkestan
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2155:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:Western Sahara
2136:
2119:
2106:
2097:
2083:Canary Islands
2079:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1721:
1720:
1697:
1679:
1654:
1632:
1622:Robert Rotberg
1614:
1588:
1567:
1549:
1519:
1497:
1488:
1463:
1439:
1421:
1409:
1391:
1382:
1375:
1353:
1332:
1307:
1280:(3): 343–360.
1260:
1225:
1202:
1179:
1172:
1152:
1122:
1099:
1092:
1067:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1013:1962 elections
1008:
1005:
999:
996:
942:
939:
937:
934:
907:
904:
881:Kenneth Kaunda
876:
873:
850:Kenneth Kaunda
845:
842:
828:
825:
817:Queen Victoria
769:
766:
704:Lozi mythology
699:
696:
694:
691:
641:
640:
555:
553:
546:
540:
537:
471:Southern Sotho
406:
405:
402:
398:
397:
391:
387:
386:
383:
379:
378:
375:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
356:
352:
351:
348:
342:
341:
332:
326:
325:
320:
316:
315:
312:
304:
303:
298:
291:
290:
286:
279:
278:
277:
274:
273:
268:
259:
258:
241:
240:
195:
193:
186:
179:
178:
133:
131:
124:
117:
116:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3273:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3201:Zambezi River
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2920:
2915:
2913:
2908:
2906:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2884:
2881:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2813:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2631:Guinea-Bissau
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:North America
2430:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:Bellah people
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:Guinea-Bissau
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1629:
1628:
1627:Africa Report
1623:
1618:
1603:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1492:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1449:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1386:
1378:
1376:0-7618-1520-1
1372:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1113:"Barotseland"
1108:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1072:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1004:
995:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
947:
933:
931:
927:
922:
920:
915:
913:
903:
901:
900:hydroelectric
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
872:
870:
866:
861:
859:
853:
851:
841:
838:
834:
824:
822:
818:
814:
809:
801:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
774:
765:
763:
759:
754:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
708:Mbuywamwambwa
705:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
659:Zambezi River
657:on the upper
656:
647:
637:
634:
626:
623:November 2016
615:
612:
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584: –
583:
582:"Barotseland"
579:
578:Find sources:
572:
568:
562:
561:
556:This section
554:
550:
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530:
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517:British Crown
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477:known as the
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223:November 2016
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196:This article
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161:November 2016
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3091:Mwanawina II
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2866:Saint Helena
2837:
2741:South Africa
2731:Sierra Leone
2536:Burkina Faso
2460:West Papuans
2201:
2122:Saint Helena
2093:
1997:South Africa
1987:Sierra Leone
1792:Burkina Faso
1724:
1715:the original
1710:
1700:
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:
1657:
1645:Lusaka Times
1644:
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1625:
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1601:
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1585:. p. 6.
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1540:. Retrieved
1536:the original
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1197:the original
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1143:. Retrieved
1139:the original
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1125:
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1040:
1028:Michael Sata
1025:
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941:Institutions
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794:Cecil Rhodes
786:protectorate
779:
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752:
716:South Africa
701:
687:Cuando River
667:Northwestern
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629:
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603:
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589:
577:
565:Please help
560:verification
557:
533:
513:protectorate
510:
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475:South Africa
466:
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361:• Total
299:Coat of arms
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36:Please help
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3191:Barotseland
3157:(1968–1977)
3155:Lewanika II
3123:(1916–1945)
3105:(1884–1885)
3093:(1876–1878)
3084:(1864–1876)
3051:(1851–1863)
3043:Mamochisane
3039:(1838–1851)
3003:(1812–1830)
2990:Mwanawina I
2930:Barotseland
2793:recognition
2746:South Sudan
2636:Ivory Coast
2297:Balochistan
2202:Barotseland
2049:recognition
2002:South Sudan
1892:Ivory Coast
1711:Zambian Eye
1166:. Mondial.
1023:candidate.
762:Livingstone
740:Kafue River
685:beyond the
463:Lozi people
411:Barotseland
153:introducing
3180:Categories
3007:Silumelume
2848:(Portugal)
2806:Somaliland
2726:Seychelles
2691:Mozambique
2676:Mauritania
2661:Madagascar
2616:The Gambia
2551:Cape Verde
2332:Khuzestani
2327:Khmer Krom
2247:Somaliland
2197:Afrikaners
2104:(Portugal)
2062:Somaliland
1982:Seychelles
1947:Mozambique
1932:Mauritania
1917:Madagascar
1872:The Gambia
1807:Cape Verde
1688:"About Us"
1672:8 November
1607:8 November
1542:8 November
1481:30 October
1456:30 October
1053:References
912:abrogation
897:Kariba Dam
792:(BSAC) of
593:newspapers
447:Copperbelt
346:Demonym(s)
207:improve it
136:references
76:neutrality
39:improve it
3164:Lubosi II
3037:Sebetwane
3013:Mubukwanu
2956:(demigod)
2681:Mauritius
2408:Catalonia
1937:Mauritius
1583:WorldFish
1532:bnfa.info
1302:153463371
1294:1469-7777
748:Limulunga
539:Geography
473:tribe of
211:verifying
99:July 2015
87:talk page
45:talk page
3121:Yeta III
3112:Lubosi I
3097:Lubosi I
3049:Sekeletu
2997:(?–1812)
2980:Ngombala
2872: /
2868: /
2861:(France)
2855: /
2833: /
2829: /
2781:Zimbabwe
2756:Tanzania
2606:Ethiopia
2601:Eswatini
2581:Djibouti
2546:Cameroon
2531:Botswana
2403:Brittany
2398:Abkhazia
2262:Zambesia
2128: /
2124: /
2117:(France)
2111: /
2089: /
2085: /
2037:Zimbabwe
2012:Tanzania
1862:Ethiopia
1857:Eswatini
1837:Djibouti
1802:Cameroon
1787:Botswana
1692:Archived
1649:Archived
1514:Archived
1434:Archived
1348:Archived
1320:unpo.org
1219:BBC News
1117:Archived
985:Matabele
981:Makololo
977:Lewanika
936:Politics
865:autonomy
833:Balovale
724:Zimbabwe
502:Zimbabwe
498:Botswana
479:Makololo
435:Zimbabwe
431:Botswana
390:Language
80:disputed
3061:Mbololo
2970:Ngalama
2960:Inyambo
2857:Réunion
2853:Mayotte
2844:Madeira
2839:(Spain)
2835:Melilla
2766:Tunisia
2736:Somalia
2721:Senegal
2706:Nigeria
2696:Namibia
2686:Morocco
2651:Liberia
2646:Lesotho
2596:Eritrea
2566:Comoros
2541:Burundi
2516:Algeria
2448:Oceania
2418:Lezghin
2342:Nagalim
2337:Madhesh
2292:Assyria
2222:Kabylia
2217:Haratin
2113:Réunion
2109:Mayotte
2100:Madeira
2095:(Spain)
2091:Melilla
2022:Tunisia
1992:Somalia
1977:Senegal
1962:Nigeria
1952:Namibia
1942:Morocco
1907:Liberia
1902:Lesotho
1852:Eritrea
1822:Comoros
1797:Burundi
1772:Algeria
1758:Africa
1367:413–414
1243:Bibcode
1084:851–852
1011:In the
974:Litunga
970:Litunga
966:Litunga
962:Litunga
958:Nilotic
837:Balunda
815:and to
758:Sesotho
728:Namibia
698:Origins
693:History
679:Namibia
671:Central
607:scholar
529:Litunga
515:of the
490:Sesotho
467:Barotse
443:Central
423:Namibia
401:Country
339:English
319:Capital
205:Please
149:improve
3150:(1968)
3148:Regent
3138:Regent
3128:Regent
3028:Morêna
2965:Yeta I
2948:Nyambe
2926:Rulers
2876:
2859:
2846:
2776:Zambia
2771:Uganda
2711:Rwanda
2666:Malawi
2626:Guinea
2521:Angola
2391:Europe
2372:Taiwan
2257:Yoruba
2227:Ogaden
2212:Biafra
2190:Africa
2132:
2115:
2102:
2032:Zambia
2027:Uganda
1967:Rwanda
1922:Malawi
1882:Guinea
1777:Angola
1373:
1325:26 May
1300:
1292:
1170:
1145:25 May
1090:
1032:Lusaka
889:Lusaka
885:Lusaka
813:London
744:Lealui
720:Angola
683:Angola
609:
602:
595:
588:
580:
494:Angola
486:siLozi
451:Zambia
445:, and
439:Lusaka
427:Angola
396:, Rozi
394:Silozi
382:People
374:Person
138:, but
2985:Yubya
2950:(god)
2831:Ceuta
2751:Sudan
2701:Niger
2656:Libya
2641:Kenya
2621:Ghana
2611:Gabon
2586:Egypt
2526:Benin
2423:Savoy
2377:Tibet
2362:Sindh
2317:Hmong
2237:Oromo
2232:Ogoni
2087:Ceuta
2007:Sudan
1957:Niger
1912:Libya
1897:Kenya
1877:Ghana
1867:Gabon
1842:Egypt
1782:Benin
1451:(PDF)
1298:S2CID
893:Mongu
732:Congo
712:Congo
614:JSTOR
600:books
323:Mongu
2761:Togo
2671:Mali
2561:Chad
2455:Guam
2367:Sulu
2287:Aceh
2280:Asia
2017:Togo
1927:Mali
1817:Chad
1674:2015
1609:2015
1544:2015
1483:2019
1458:2019
1371:ISBN
1327:2020
1290:ISSN
1168:ISBN
1147:2020
1088:ISBN
1021:UNIP
835:and
784:and
746:and
730:and
673:and
586:news
415:Lozi
355:Area
335:Lozi
287:Flag
73:The
2928:of
1282:doi
1251:doi
928:in
796:.
569:by
465:or
457:'s
209:by
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