31:
600:. Some were shot. Some were sent to labour camps and/or banished to remote regions of the Soviet Unions for many years. Oelßner experienced the period as an unemployed refugee in Moscow, supporting himself as best he could with freelance translating and writing. There are suggestions that he was fortunate to suffer nothing worse. In September 1938 he obtained work in charge of the planning department at the so-called "Bop" Paper Mill in Moscow. He retained this job till June 1941.
823:. Within the Central Committee, between October 1947 and February 1949 he took on responsibility for a newly expanded department covering not just party education but also culture and schooling. Former Social Democrats in the party leadership were quickly squeezed out and the SED came to resemble a Soviet-style communist party in all but name. By the time the
733:. Much later it became clear that the thirty men who arrived from Moscow at the start of May 1945 had arrived with a remarkably detailed "nation building" plan. The first task was to prepare the groundwork for the re-establishment of communist organizations and unions in postwar Germany, with the focus on the area to be
886:. Under other circumstances this might have been seen as a full-time position and the basis for a long-term academic career, but in Oelßner's case sources stress that at this time most of the daily jobs associated with the post would have been delegated to others. In 1953 he became a member of the
947:
in
February 1956 (discussion of which was strongly discouraged within East German government circles), a view was developing that the communist regime's longer-term survival might best be secured not simply by repression, fear and rigged election results, but by seeking to win the genuine support of
857:
later that year. The German
Democratic Republic operated according to a highly centralised power structure: power resided not with any legislative assembly, nor even with government ministers, but with the Central Committee of the ruling party. However, the party's dominating role was concealed
535:
activism. The party was progressively banned and by the middle of the summer most active communists had been arrested (or worse) or had fled abroad. Fred Oelßner managed to remain in Berlin till
December 1933, however. Both his continuing presence - presumably unregistered - and his continuing
956:
in Moscow. Discussions of the possible desirability of cautiously relaxing state control over society found their way into the East German politburo and for a time, according to some, it seemed that a measure of liberalisation might be possible. It was never clear how widespread those ideas
608:
In March 1940 Fred Oelßner was granted Soviet citizenship. A factor was that he was by now married. His first wife was
Russian and a Soviet citizen when he married her. His Soviet passport and other identity documents issued to him gave him a new name, "Fritz Larew". Back in Germany,
636:. (In October 1941, the Communist Party and governmental organisations, diplomatic missions of foreign countries, leading cultural establishments and their staff were evacuated to Kuybyshe, but contingency preparations had been in place for such a move from at least as far back as the
648:
leadership dealing with propaganda issues. By the end of 1944 the government apparatus had been back in Moscow for more than a year, and Fred Oelßner with it. Between
February and August 1944 he served as a member of an important working group planning a postwar programme for the
334:
to break apart, with the majority of is members joining the newly formed
Communist Party. However, the USPD seems to have remained relatively active in the Halle-Merseburg locality (where Oelßner was based) through 1920, and it was only in December 1920 that he formally joined the
681:. Many were in labour camps or in internal exile far from Moscow and would never return to Germany. Of the thousands who did make it back, most would first be detained in the Soviet Union for another two to ten years. However, thirty men, who had spent the war years in
961:
had evidently identified a threat to the status quo and possibly to his own political dominance. On 8 February 1958 Fred Oelßner was expelled from the
Politburo and relieved of all his political and party offices, accused of "repeated violations of Politburo discipline"
858:
to the extent that
Central Committee members were frequently also members of the Volkskammer and/or appointed as government ministers. In 1950 Oelßner joined the inner caucus of the Central Committee, known under the Leninist power structure of the new country as the
928:. He also became chair of the Ministerial Council's Commission for Consumer Goods and Public Supplies. In 1956 his academic credentials received a boost when he was appointed to a professorship in Political Economics at the Institute for Social Sciences at the
1424:
1563:
237:, Fred Oelßner and one or two others was seen as a sign that traditionalist economic hardliners would remain in control. In September 1959 Oelßner published his self-criticism on account of his "opportunism and political blindness" (
274:
Oelßner remained in Weißenfels, where he embarked on an apprenticeship in business and milling at the
Beuditz Mill between 1917 and 1919. At the same time he continued his education, attending evening classes at a business school.
957:
became at the heart of government. Sources originating with East German government always identify (retrospectively) the same three
Central Committee dissenters "and others", without ever identifying the others. By early in 1958
882:, devoted to "the theory and practice of economic socialism". Till 1958 he was effectively the party's chief ideologue. In December 1951 he was appointed to headship of the teaching chair for Political Economics at the
229:. Oelßner was able to argue from an economic and political perspective in favour of a cautious easing of restrictions. After a period of a year or so during which it might have been thought that the East German leader,
1436:
385:. From Autumn 1921 till January 1922 he worked as a volunteer with the "Hamburgische Volkszeitung" (newspaper). During 1922/23 he undertook an editorial role with the "Schlesische Arbeiterzeitung", based in
901:, combined with his high political offices in the East German political hierarchy, during the first part of the 1950s Oelßner participated as a simultaneous translator in important discussions involving
776:. In Dresden Fred Oelßner became the editor of a Red army "Daily newspaper for the German population". That appointment lasted only a few weeks, however. In June 1945 he was transferred to
653:. He was also a member of a smaller sub-group on the "trades union role". In September 1944 he took a teaching position at the German party's "Party Academy Nbr. 12" under the direction of
221:
in 1958, however, and was excluded from the politburo. Tensions had arisen at the top of government over the extent which the country should be willing to respond positively to pressure from
935:
Within the politburo Oelßner had emerged as a critic of plans for the "complete collectivisation of agriculture" which came to enjoy the backing of the "Ulbricht wing" after 1956. In the
800:
985:'s suspicions a couple of years earlier. It may have helped that in September 1959 Oelßner published his self-criticism on account of his "opportunism and political blindness" (
929:
883:
1180:"Oelßner, Fred (Pseudonym Fritz Kühn, Fritz Larew, Fritz Kitzel) SED-Politiker, Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, * 27.2.1903 Leipzig, † 7.11.1977 Berlin (Ost). (konfessionslos)"
1603:
764:
to concentrate on Berlin and the north of Germany. It was only in July 1945 that the American forces withdrew to the pre-agreed frontier. Slightly further to the east
299:
in 1918. He was dismissed from his apprenticeship after eighteen month in account of his "political activities". Despite still only being sixteen, Oelßner joined the
1613:
589:
581:
580:
In 1935 he was one of several exiled German Communists who relocated from Paris to Moscow, where by March 1935 he had accepted an invitation to become a teacher at the
989:) during the years 1956/57. But there was to be no return for Oelßner to frontline politics. Between 1958 and 1969 he headed up the Institute of Economics at the
1608:
592:
was taken in May 1936. In August 1936 Oelßner was dismissed from his teachings posts on account of alleged ideological deviations. The years 1936 - 1938 saw the
1548:
953:
1429:
Gekürzter Vorabdruck aus ('"Shortened preview from"'): Karl Schirdewan. Ein Jahrhundert Leben. Erinnerungen und Visionen. Autobiographie. Edition Ost, Berlin 1998
1593:
749:. The Ackermann Group made a slower start than the other two groups, however, since much the southern portion of the future Soviet occupation zone, including
819:) as head of the party education department. In 1947 he himself became a member of the national executive which quickly became (and was renamed as) the
30:
859:
214:
993:, as its director. Between 1961 and 1968 he was also secretary there for the departments covering Philosophy, Law and Economics. He received an
1016:
194:
977:
Arguably Fred Oelßner did not fall so low as his fellow Central Committee expellees, Schirdewan and Wollweber. He certainly did not suffer like
1568:
1558:
1553:
940:
331:
300:
132:
552:
which was rapidly becoming one of the two headquarter locations of the German Communist Party in exile. In Paris he worked closely with
685:, experienced a very different homecoming. Fred Oelßner was one of them. On 30 April 1945 a Soviet aircraft flew the thirty men from
1598:
1543:
870:
Oelßner was in office between 1950 and 1955 as Central Committee Secretary for Propaganda. He worked till 1956 as editor-in-chief of
409:
and was sentenced to a year in prison. The charge was the usual one under such circumstances of "preparing to commit high treason" (
1298:"Einsatzplanung der Moskauer KPD-Kader im Frühjahr 1945 Zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Gruppen "Ackermann", "Sobottka" und "Ulbricht""
820:
734:
952:, another of the 12 (or 14) members of the East German politburo, was actually present when Khrushchev delivered his speech at the
560:. At least one source describes Oelßner during 1934 as "Ulbricht's secretary" in Paris. He also headed up "party education" in
1588:
1578:
1573:
1188:. Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (HiKo, im Folgenden die Kurzform), München. p. 444
757:
1305:
eröffentlicht in: Zeitschrift des Forschungsverbunds SED-Staat, 35/2014, S. 116-128, geringfügig überarbeitet und ergänzt 2018
1387:
1337:
1248:
1211:
1111:
754:
990:
925:
887:
482:
645:
442:
1212:"Oelßner, Alfred Franz (auch: Oelssner) * 30.8.1879, † 13.6.1962 Vorsitzender der Zentralen Revisionskommission der SED"
206:(27 February 1903 – 7 November 1977) was a German communist politician, economist and a leading political figure in the
812:
308:
263:
1044:
677:. Others were political refugees who had fled to Moscow in the 1930s to escape from Hitler, and then fallen foul of
1538:
828:
413:). Most of his sentence had already been expunged during his pretrial detention and he was released from prison in
352:
284:
879:
792:
140:
330:
during three days between 30 December 1918 and 1 January 1919. Over the next year or so it was the turn of the
698:
270:
activist and official. His mother worked in the garments business. After attending middle school at nearby
773:
481:
central committee. His areas of responsibility included party training, and he himself taught at the party's
292:
307:
in May 1919. The party had been formed a couple of years earlier as the result of a split in the mainstream
1002:
666:
1297:
914:
838:
318:. By 1919 the war was over and economic hardship was leading to increased political polarisation. The
1583:
541:
537:
462:
401:. It was in Stuttgart that he was arrested in December 1923. He faced trial in September 1924 at the
102:
842:
831:
804:
781:
650:
585:
532:
478:
450:
434:
371:
336:
323:
267:
207:
136:
106:
523:. The party had gained support on the traditional populist pillars of hope and hatred. After the
1409:
1359:
1270:
1112:"Oelßner, Fred (Larew) * 27.2.1903, † 7.11.1977 Wirtschaftswissenschaftler, Mitglied des Politbüros"
1184:
1029:
1022:
187:
1179:
370:, a short-lived workers' revolt in central Germany. He then accepted a paid job, working for the
311:. At that point the principal cause of the split had been the decision by the SPD leadership to
614:
596:
at their peak. Many hundred German political refugees from Nazism were arrested and accused of
1055:
824:
808:
746:
722:
339:. During this period he supported himself with an office job at a co-operative enterprise in
1496:
1327:
780:. His mandate now, from the Communist Party Central Committee was to create and head up the
1377:
1238:
322:
of 1917 had appeared to open up the possibilities for similar developments in Germany. The
1533:
1528:
520:
259:
170:
44:
8:
1564:
Members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
1218:. Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin
1118:. Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin
312:
536:"party work" are identified in sources as "illegal". In December 1933 he emigrated to
40:
1397:
1347:
1258:
1207:
1048:
1036:
637:
474:
382:
319:
182:
815:. During 1946 Oelßner was employed by the new party's national executive committee (
1510:
1483:
1383:
1333:
1244:
944:
545:
374:
65:
461:. After that, he undertook a higher degree course at the Economics Faculty at the
1432:
898:
742:
674:
226:
709:
had set up his headquarters some twenty miles to the east of Berlin. The ten man
982:
971:
967:
958:
949:
902:
835:
726:
714:
633:
629:
553:
517:
513:
509:
315:
234:
230:
218:
994:
741:
according to a military division of the western two thirds of Germany that had
710:
654:
524:
378:
222:
694:
1522:
906:
706:
657:, just outside Moscow. The school's "pupils" were German prisoners of war.
454:
402:
356:
340:
69:
644:.) Early in 1943 he also became a member of a working group set up by the
490:
271:
936:
738:
670:
641:
557:
367:
91:
834:, the SED was firmly in place as the ruling party in a new kind of German
1475:
978:
850:
718:
678:
593:
87:
1052:
774:
day (according to most Anglo-American sources) of the official surrender
918:
597:
506:
453:
between 1926 and 1928. He remained at the school in 1929, now as an
386:
561:
544:
into Germany. Here he undertook "education" on behalf of the Party
446:
418:
398:
360:
909:, the East German leaders, with the leadership in Moscow (including
565:
785:
769:
761:
702:
390:
389:. Further editorial postings on left-wing newspapers followed in
849:
in May 1949 and was "elected" a member of its successor body, the
1457:"East German Reds Oust 3 From Top Committees", by M. S. Handler,
871:
765:
750:
610:
528:
417:
in January 1925. After this he took further editorial posts in
414:
406:
255:
61:
343:
till 1921. At the same time he served as a local team leader (
910:
777:
730:
686:
682:
625:
494:
470:
469:. He returned to Germany in the summer of 1932 and worked in
438:
422:
394:
327:
974:, accused of "factionalism" and "violations of party rules".
721:
in the northern party of what was now to become known as the
690:
569:
549:
1051:
was renamed in his honour. Between 1952 and 1965 the vast
1058:
was renamed as the "VEB Sodawerk 'Fred Oelßner' Staßfurt".
613:
files from the start of 1941 list Oelßner as one of their
590:
Communist University of the National Minorities of the West
582:
Communist University of the National Minorities of the West
964:"... wiederholter Verletzung der Disziplin des Politbüros"
1379:
Zwischen Chaos und Neuaufbau: Die Zeit der Improvisation
669:
in May 1945 there were many thousands of Germans in the
1283:
Andrew Nagorski: The Greatest Battle, 2007, pp. 165–166
917:, head of the Soviet military administration based in
878:, a prestigious academic monthly journal published by
693:, and from there to an airfield at Kalau just outside
531:
became particularly focused on those with a record of
1416:
1307:. Gedenkstätte Berlin-Hohenschönhausen. pp. 1=15
1109:
966:). Others expelled from the Central Committee were
303:"Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands"
233:, was open to suggestions, the political downfall of
1291:
1289:
713:
started work on 2 May 1945 while the ten men led by
347:) for the Socialist Proletarian Youth organisation (
1604:
Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
981:, another former Politburo member who had incurred
841:. Fred Oelßner was nominated to membership of the
217:in 1950. He fell out of favour over the so-called
1614:Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in gold
1286:
1236:
1008:
628:as an editor, and then as a chief editor, in the
1609:Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany
1520:
1329:In Deutschland eingestzte Kader des Instituts 99
1017:National Prize of the German Democratic Republic
924:In 1955 he also became a deputy chairman of the
890:"Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin"
195:National Prize of the German Democratic Republic
1549:Independent Social Democratic Party politicians
1469:
1467:
624:Between June 1941 and Autumn 1944 he worked in
192:Patriotic Order of Merit, Gold 1st Class (1955)
1594:Refugees from Nazi Germany in the Soviet Union
1206:
799:was launched in April 1946, created through a
753:had been liberated, after fierce fighting, by
884:Central Committee Academy for Social Sciences
865:
697:. From there they were taken in a truck to
445:the same year. In Moscow he studied at the
249:
1464:
1422:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
807:and (if only, for most purposes, within the
795:"Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands"
725:. Fred Oelßner was a member of the ten man
262:, his father, was an activist member of the
215:Socialist Unity Party of Germany's politburo
1375:
1371:
1369:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
954:20th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party
366:In 1921 Oelßner took part in the so-called
1325:
1230:
1177:
29:
939:, following the death of Stalin and the
832:German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
660:
208:German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
1366:
1319:
1243:. Harvard University Press. p. 55.
1200:
1130:
1070:
987:"Opportunismus und politische Blindheit"
827:was relaunched, in October 1949, as the
729:who now installed themselves in eastern
239:"Opportunismus und politische Blindheit"
1295:
540:, which at this point had not yet been
1569:Members of the Provisional Volkskammer
1559:Deputy prime ministers of East Germany
1554:Communist Party of Germany politicians
1521:
897:Thanks to his outstanding fluency in
673:. No one knew how many. Most were
301:Independent Social Democratic Party (
477:in the Propaganda Department of the
588:. The decision to close down the
485:"Reichsparteischule Rosa Luxemburg"
387:Breslau (as Wrocław was then known)
13:
1332:. Oldenbourg Verlag. p. 211.
1237:Catherine Epstein (30 June 2009).
349:"Sozialistische Proletarierjugend"
326:was founded at a congress held in
150:1. Tatjana Nikolajewna Tschewskaja
124:Politburo membership and expulsion
14:
1625:
1599:International Lenin School alumni
1544:People from the Kingdom of Saxony
603:
575:
278:
811:) the more moderately left-wing
527:at the end of February 1933 the
287:"Sozialistische Arbeiter-Jugend"
116:Politician, economist, professor
36:Fred Oelßner delivering a speech
1509:Sodafabrik "Fred Oelßner". In:
1503:
1451:
500:
483:"Rosa Luxemburg Party Academy (
266:, and later became a prominent
213:Oelßner became a member of the
1589:20th-century German economists
1579:Members of the 2nd Volkskammer
1574:Members of the 1st Volkskammer
1423:Jochen Arntz (1 August 1998).
1376:Helga Welsh (1 January 1989).
1277:
1009:Awards and honours (selection)
313:vote in support of funding for
1:
1326:Jörg Morré (1 January 2001).
1240:At home and abroad after 1933
1110:Hagen Schwärze; Peter Erler.
1064:
1003:Humboldt University of Berlin
617:in der "Sonderfahndungsliste"
465:"Институт красной профессуры"
463:Institute of Red Professors (
441:in April 1926 and joined the
411:"Vorbereitung zum Hochverrat"
295:"Freie sozialistische Jugend"
190:, Honor Clasp in Gold (1965)
16:German politician (1903–1977)
888:German Academy of Sciences (
241:) during the years 1956/57.
7:
1478:(online). 19 February 1958.
1045:Workers and Farmers Faculty
930:Academy for Social Sciences
103:Institute of Red Professors
10:
1630:
1474:"Die Taktik des Ventils".
1382:. De Gruyter. p. 38.
991:German Academy of Sciences
866:German Democratic Republic
586:International Lenin School
457:loosely "graduate student"
451:International Lenin School
324:Communist Party of Germany
250:Provenance and early years
107:International Lenin School
621:within the Soviet Union.
615:Special manhunt targets (
428:
254:Fred Oelßner was born in
178:
166:
158:
146:
128:
120:
112:
98:
76:
54:
28:
21:
1539:Politicians from Leipzig
1461:, February 9, 1958, p. 1
1435:(online). Archived from
1185:Neue Deutsche Biographie
1030:Patriotic Order of Merit
1023:Patriotic Order of Merit
651:(German) Communist Party
514:transforming the country
512:and lost little time in
188:Patriotic Order of Merit
1216:Wer war wer in der DDR?
1116:Wer war wer in der DDR?
821:Party Central Committee
813:Social Democratic Party
793:Socialist Unity Party (
747:leading wartime enemies
377:under the direction of
293:Free Young Socialists (
264:Social Democratic Party
244:
1513:, 14 August 1952, p. 2
825:Soviet occupation zone
809:Soviet occupation zone
723:Soviet occupation zone
661:Soviet occupation zone
548:. By 1934 he was in
443:Soviet Communist Party
851:People's Parliament (
598:Trotskyite sympathies
556:, a future leader of
449:'s newly established
995:honorary doctorate (
505:In January 1933 the
491:Schöneiche-Fichtenau
1439:on 22 December 2015
1178:Heike Amos (1999).
926:Ministerial Council
772:on 8 May 1945, the
768:capitulated to the
743:already been agreed
1584:Marxian economists
1459:The New York Times
1208:Bernd-Rainer Barth
1056:Ammonia-Soda Plant
1037:Order of Karl Marx
948:the population.
843:People's Council (
801:contentious merger
745:between Germany's
717:made their way to
703:military commander
320:Russian Revolution
285:Young Socialists (
183:Order of Karl Marx
152:2. Dora Langbecker
1511:Neues Deutschland
1491:Missing or empty
1389:978-3-486-70322-1
1339:978-3-486-70294-1
1250:978-0-674-03654-3
945:Nikita Khrushchev
919:Berlin-Karlshorst
915:Vladimir Semyonov
701:where the Soviet
546:Central Committee
375:Central Committee
225:for a measure of
219:Schirdewan affair
201:
200:
66:Kingdom of Saxony
1621:
1514:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1433:Berliner Zeitung
1420:
1414:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1393:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1254:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1175:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1107:
829:Soviet sponsored
817:"Parteivorstand"
675:prisoners of war
594:Stalinist purges
353:Young Communists
291:in 1917 and the
227:De-Stalinization
83:
58:27 February 1903
33:
19:
18:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1508:
1504:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1421:
1417:
1405:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1374:
1367:
1355:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1176:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1108:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1041:
1011:
983:Walter Ulbricht
972:Ernst Wollweber
968:Karl Schirdewan
959:Walter Ulbricht
950:Karl Schirdewan
941:"secret speech"
903:Walter Ulbricht
874:loosely "Unity"
868:
805:Communist Party
727:Ackermann Group
715:Gustav Sobottka
663:
630:German language
606:
578:
554:Walter Ulbricht
533:Communist Party
503:
493:, just outside
475:Ernst Schneller
433:He was sent by
431:
383:Walter Stoecker
372:Communist Party
345:"Bezirksleiter"
337:Communist Party
281:
268:Communist Party
252:
247:
235:Karl Schirdewan
231:Walter Ulbricht
193:
191:
186:
173:
153:
151:
139:
135:
129:Political party
105:
99:Alma mater
94:
85:
81:
80:7 November 1977
72:
59:
50:
49:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1627:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1516:
1515:
1502:
1463:
1450:
1415:
1388:
1365:
1338:
1318:
1285:
1276:
1249:
1229:
1199:
1129:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1007:
867:
864:
760:, leaving the
711:Ulbricht Group
707:Marshal Zhukov
662:
659:
655:Heinz Hoffmann
605:
604:Soviet citizen
602:
577:
576:Back in Moscow
574:
525:Reichstag fire
502:
499:
430:
427:
379:Wilhelm Koenen
351:) and for the
283:He joined the
280:
279:Politicisation
277:
260:Alfred Oelßner
251:
248:
246:
243:
199:
198:
180:
176:
175:
171:Alfred Oelßner
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
148:
144:
143:
130:
126:
125:
122:
121:Known for
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
100:
96:
95:
86:
84:(aged 74)
78:
74:
73:
60:
56:
52:
51:
45:Renate Rössing
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1626:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1512:
1506:
1498:
1485:
1477:
1470:
1468:
1460:
1454:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1372:
1370:
1361:
1349:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1306:
1299:
1296:Peter Erler.
1292:
1290:
1280:
1272:
1260:
1252:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1004:
1000:
998:
992:
988:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
960:
955:
951:
946:
943:delivered by
942:
938:
933:
931:
927:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:Wilhelm Pieck
904:
900:
895:
893:
891:
885:
881:
877:
875:
863:
861:
856:
854:
853:"Volkskammer"
848:
846:
840:
837:
833:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
796:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:Soviet forces
759:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
658:
656:
652:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
618:
612:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:re-integrated
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
519:
515:
511:
508:
498:
496:
492:
488:
486:
480:
476:
472:
468:
466:
460:
458:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:Supreme Court
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
306:
304:
298:
296:
290:
288:
276:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
205:
196:
189:
184:
181:
177:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
154:3. Nina _____
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
113:Occupation(s)
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
79:
75:
71:
70:German Empire
67:
63:
57:
53:
48:
46:
42:
32:
27:
20:
1505:
1458:
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1437:the original
1428:
1418:
1378:
1328:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1304:
1279:
1239:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1215:
1202:
1190:. Retrieved
1183:
1120:. Retrieved
1115:
1060:
1042:
996:
986:
976:
963:
937:Soviet Union
934:
923:
896:
889:
873:
869:
852:
844:
839:dictatorship
816:
794:
790:
788:department.
739:Soviet Union
735:administered
671:Soviet Union
665:By the time
664:
634:Moscow Radio
623:
616:
607:
579:
558:East Germany
538:the Saarland
521:dictatorship
504:
501:Nazi Germany
484:
464:
456:
455:"Aspirant" (
432:
410:
368:March Action
365:
348:
344:
302:
294:
286:
282:
253:
238:
212:
204:Fred Oelßner
203:
202:
92:East Germany
82:(1977-11-07)
39:
23:Fred Oelßner
1534:1977 deaths
1529:1903 births
1476:Der Spiegel
1425:"Die Zäsur"
1406:|work=
1356:|work=
1267:|work=
997:"Dr. h. c."
979:Paul Merker
913:) and with
803:of the old
719:Mecklenburg
632:section of
584:and at the
529:authorities
88:East Berlin
1523:Categories
1493:|url=
1065:References
1032:gold clasp
845:"Volksrat"
784:important
699:Bruchmühle
679:the purges
510:took power
507:Nazi Party
363:locality.
272:Weißenfels
174:Anna _____
1408:ignored (
1398:cite book
1358:ignored (
1348:cite book
1269:ignored (
1259:cite book
1005:in 1968.
1001:from the
880:the party
872:Einheit (
860:politburo
836:one-party
667:war ended
626:Kuybyshev
562:Amsterdam
518:one-party
447:Comintern
435:the party
419:Remscheid
399:Stuttgart
361:Merseburg
167:Parent(s)
147:Spouse(s)
1484:cite web
1053:Staßfurt
786:Agitprop
770:Red army
695:Meseritz
638:start of
495:the city
391:Chemnitz
159:Children
1443:27 July
1311:26 July
1222:24 July
1192:24 July
1122:24 July
1025:in gold
899:Russian
782:party's
766:Dresden
751:Leipzig
737:by the
611:Gestapo
516:into a
415:Cottbus
407:Leipzig
355:in the
316:the war
305:/ USPD)
256:Leipzig
185:(1973)
62:Leipzig
1386:
1336:
1247:
911:Stalin
797:/ SED)
778:Berlin
758:forces
731:Saxony
687:Moscow
683:Moscow
566:Zürich
473:under
471:Berlin
439:Moscow
429:Moscow
423:Aachen
395:Aachen
328:Berlin
297:/ FSJ)
289:/ SAJ)
223:Moscow
197:(1949)
179:Awards
47:, 1954
43:&
1301:(PDF)
1035:1973
1028:1965
1021:1955
1015:1949
691:Minsk
646:party
570:Paris
550:Paris
479:party
357:Halle
341:Halle
41:Roger
1497:help
1445:2018
1410:help
1384:ISBN
1360:help
1334:ISBN
1313:2018
1271:help
1245:ISBN
1224:2018
1194:2018
1124:2018
1049:Jena
1043:The
970:and
905:and
791:The
640:the
568:and
421:and
397:and
381:and
332:USPD
258:.
245:Life
133:USPD
77:Died
55:Born
1047:at
689:to
642:war
489:at
437:to
405:in
309:SPD
141:SED
137:KPD
1525::
1488::
1486:}}
1482:{{
1466:^
1431:.
1427:.
1402::
1400:}}
1396:{{
1368:^
1352::
1350:}}
1346:{{
1303:.
1288:^
1263::
1261:}}
1257:{{
1214:.
1210:.
1182:.
1132:^
1114:.
1072:^
932:.
921:.
894:.
862:.
755:US
705:,
572:.
564:,
497:.
425:.
393:,
210:.
90:,
68:,
64:,
1499:)
1495:(
1447:.
1412:)
1392:.
1362:)
1342:.
1315:.
1273:)
1253:.
1226:.
1196:.
1126:.
999:)
962:(
892:)
876:)
855:)
847:)
619:)
487:)
467:)
459:)
359:-
162:3
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
