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techniques, Neufeld discovered that there were three pneumococcal types. In the presence of type I antiserum type I pneumococci would swell, likewise types II and III in the presence of their specific antisera. Neufeld called this the quellung reaction, after the German word for swelling. The quellung reaction allowed for easy laboratory identification of pneumococcal types. Using
Neufeld’s discoveries,
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In 1900 Neufeld discovered bile solubility of pneumococci. Addition of a small amount of ox bile to a pneumococcal culture results in complete destruction of the culture after a short incubation. This unique property became widely used to diagnose pneumococcal infections. Then, using immunological
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Neufeld F, Händel L. Weitere
Untersuchungen über Pneumokokken Heilsera. III Mitteilung. Über Vorkommen und Bedeutung atypischer Varietäten des Pneumokokkus. Arbeit aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte.
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for his scientific achievements, but did not receive the honour until Feb. 17, 1944, his 75th birthday. Neufeld died in war torn Berlin of “Entkräftung” (wasting).
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Neufeld F. Ăśber die
Agglutination der Pneumokokken und ĂĽber die Theorieen der Agglutination. Zeitschrift fur Hygiene Infektionskrankheiten. 1902;40:54-72.
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Neufeld F. Ăśber eine spezifische bakteriolytische
Wirkung der Galle. Zeitschrift fur Hygiene Infektionskrankheiten. 1900;34:454-64.
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Kleine, F.K. Fred
Neufeld. Obituary (in German). Medical Microbiology and Immunology. Volume 127, Numbers 3-4 / June, 1947
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Neufeld was the son of a physician. He was musically talented and a gifted pianist. In 1894, Neufeld became assistant to
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Austrian, Robert. A Brief
History of Pneumococcal Vaccines. Review Article. Drugs & Aging. 15 Supplement 1:1-10, 1999
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then found that the transforming substance was DNA. All of modern molecular biology has evolved from this work.
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showed that pneumococci could transfer genetic information and transform one type into another.
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Photomicrograph of pneumococci revealing capsular swelling using the
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came to power they immediately demoted
Neufeld, although he was Protestant (
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to show that one pneumococcal type could be transformed into another (
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who discovered the pneumococcal types. This discovery led
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186:From 1917 to 1933, Neufeld was director of the
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133:has evolved from this work.
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287:Tuomanen, Elaine (2004).
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103:Fred (Friedrich) Neufeld
223:Lehrer, Steven (2006).
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565:Physicians from Gdańsk
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226:Explorers of the Body
188:Robert Koch Institute
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157:Neufeld's discoveries
119:Griffith's experiment
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403:Friedrich Miescher
383:Frederick Griffith
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555:1869 births
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143:Robert Koch
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
