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Frances Brooke

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201:, the first novel written in Canada. This brief stint in North America has caused some critics to label her "the first novelist in North America." Evidence of Brooke's wisdom and experience of life and its vicissitudes is apparent in her writing. One exemplary observation reflects that "It is a painful consideration, my dear, that the happiness or misery of our lives are generally determined before we are proper judges of either." Another reviewer recommended it for young ladies and praised the writer for her "art of engaging the attention by a lively stile, a happy descriptive talent, characters well-marked, and a variety of tender and delicate sentiments". 40: 1377: 1396: 702:. Brooke herself was the subject of her own monograph, and in recent years has gained popularity as the "destroyer of English (not literally)" after an online article published by the University of Pennsylvania, which regards Brooke as being used in the earliest Oxford English Dictionary citation of the hyperbolic use of the word "literally" to mean "figuratively". 640:. Her literary reception is based mostly on this publication. It was popular among scholars after its recovery, with more than a dozen scholarly articles written on its subject matter by 2004. Modern paperback reprints include a definitive scholarly edition. Critics of Brooke have studied themes present in 660:
s artistic shortcomings are obvious: the plot is thin, conventional, repetitive, and poorly integrated with the informative sections of the book; the style is generally stilted and monotonous; the characters, with one or two exceptions, are traditional in conception and deficient in life; the whole
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are often debated among critics, its reception as a work is largely neutral to negative. Recent critics such as Dermot McCarthy concede that "Brooke's inability to imagine her ambivalence... is understandable given her time and background.... However, her failure should not be endorsed." Desmond
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In 1985, the International Astronomical Union's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature, approving 337 names for features on the surface of Venus, honoured Brooke by naming a crater after her.
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citation for the hyperbolic or figurative sense of "literally"; the sentence from the novel was, "He is a fortunate man to be introduced to such a party of fine women at his arrival; it is literally
690:, have received scholarly interest for their pastoral traditions and their political satire against the English theatre industry of the 18th century, while some of her works such as her 1781 play 679:
in its September 1769 issue wrote that its "frost pieces... decorate a short story which has nothing extraordinary in it." While Brooke is promoted as a Canadian novelist, Benet's
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by Jessica Smith and Paula Backscheider, which also refers to editions of Frances Brooke's works and to full-length critical monographs and biographical studies of the author.
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By the late 1740s, she had moved to London, where she embarked on her career as a poet and playwright. She did not drew attention until she published her essay serial
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Robert James Merrett, "Signs of Nationalism in The History of Emily Montague, Canadians of Old and the Imperialist: Cultural Displacement and the Semiotics of Wine",
1522: 1527: 1401: 188:, Canada to join her husband, who was then chaplain to the British garrison there. In autumn 1768 she returned to London, where she continued her writing. 644:
such as applying free-trade imperialism to 18th-century Canada, proto-feminism, and displacing the French Catholic threat in British Columbian colonies.
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McMaster, Juliet (April 1999). "Young Jane Austen and the First Canadian Novel: From Emily Montague to "Amelia Webster" and Love and Freindship".
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Charles, Katherine G. (1 December 2014). "Staging Sociability in the Excursion: Frances Brooke, David Garrick, and the King's Theatre Coterie".
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Wyett, Jodi L. (2003). "'No Place Where Women Are of Such Importance': Female Friendship, Empire, and Utopia in the History of Emily Montague".
180:, Norfolk. The following year he left for Canada as a military chaplain while his wife remained in England. In 1763 she wrote her first novel, 1552: 1517: 1492: 1431: 769: 694:
have close to no reception. Brooke's personal life is the subject of a number of scholarly journals, mostly on her relations with actors
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Arch, Stephen Carl (2004). "Frances Brooke's 'Circle of Friends': The Limits of Epistolarity in the History of Emily Montague".
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Vanek, Morgan (2016). "'Set the Winter at Defiance': Emily Montague's Weather Reports and Political Sensibility".
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entry notes how "Brooke's work was based on English models and had no perceptible effect on Canadian literature."
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Brooke is widely seen by literary historians and critics as the first Canadian novelist for writing her 1769 work
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Eighteenth-century Genre and Culture: Serious Reflections on Occasional Forms: Essays in Honour of J. Paul Hunter
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Barbara M. Benedict, "The Margins of Sentiment: Nature, Letter, and Law in Frances Brooke's Epistolary Novels,"
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Katherine M. Rogers, "Dreams and Nightmares: Male Characters in the Feminine Novel of the Eighteenth Century",
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McCarthy, Dermot (1994). "Sisters under the Mink: The Correspondent Fear in the History of Emily Montague".
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Gwendolyn Needham, "Mrs. Frances Brooke: Dramatic Critic", Theatre Notebook vol. 15 (Winter 1961): pp. 47–55
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Jarndyce Antiquarian Booksellers, London: "Books & Manuscripts 1641–1817" Retrieved 26 September 2019.
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Dermot McCarthy, "Sisters Under the Mink: The Correspondent Fear in The History of Emily Montague",
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Jane Sellwood, "'A Little Acid Is Absolutely Necessary': Narrative as Coquette in Frances Brooke's
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Binhammer, katherine (2011). "The Failure of Trade's Empire in the History of Emily Montague".
236: 149: 71: 1428: 545:, 2nd edition, vol. 1, ed. Carl F. Klinck (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1976), pp. 97–105 156:. She was only three years old when her father died. Her mother's death followed soon after. 463:, ed. Konrad Gross and Wolfgang Klooss (Wurzburg: Konighausen & Neuman, 1981), pp. 69–79 438:, ed. Janet Todd, Women in Literature, n.s. 2 (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1982), pp. 9–24 1487: 1482: 427:
Ann Edwards Boutelle, "Frances Brooke's Emily Montague (1769): Canada and Woman's Rights",
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ed. Adam Shortt and Arthur Doughty (Toronto: Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1913), 12, pp. 493–589
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is no mean literary achievement." Even in its own time, views divided on its value. The
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K. J. H. Berland, "The True Epicurean Philosopher: Some Influences on Frances Brooke's
413:, ed. Thomas King, Cheryl Calver, and Helen Hoy (Toronto: ECW Press, 1987), pp. 133–158 1372: 1286: 1251: 1210: 1164: 1095: 1060: 983: 876: 851: 826: 796: 409:
Barbara Godard, "Listening for the Silence: Native Women's Traditional Narratives",
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English Literature of the Dominions: Writings on Australia, Canada, and New Zealand
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Robin Howells, "Dialogism in Canada's First Novel: The History of Emily Montague",
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K. J. H. Berland, "A Tax on Old Maids and Bachelors: Frances Brooke's Old Maid",
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Lorraine McMullen, "All's Right at Last: An Eighteenth-Century Canadian Novel",
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Lorraine McMullen, "Frances Brooke's Old Maid: New Ideas in Entertaining Form",
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Lorraine McMullen, "Frances Brooke and Memoirs of the Marquis de St. Forlaix",
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Katherine M. Rogers, "Sensibility and Feminism: The Novels of Frances Brooke",
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and translator. Hers was the first English novel known to have been written in
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Konrad Gross, "The Image of French-Canada in Early English-Canadian Fiction",
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Schellenberg, Betty (2005). "The Politicized Pastoral of Frances Brooke".
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performance is heavily didactic and sentimental." Juliet McMaster cites
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Letters from Juliet Lady Catesby to her friend, Lady Henrietta Campley
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The Professionalization of Women Writers in Eighteenth-Century Britain
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William H. New, "The Old Maid: Frances Brooke's Apprentice Feminism",
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Lorraine McMullen, "Double Image: Frances Brooke's Women Characters",
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Letters from Juliet Lady Catesby to her friend, Lady Henrietta Campley
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Raeleen Chai-Elsholz, "Textual Allusions and Narrative Voice in the
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George Woodcock, "Possessing the Land: Notes on Canadian Fiction",
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author biography of Frances Brooke (1724–1789) at www.chawton.org
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Emile Castonguay, "Mrs. Frances Brooke ou la femme de lettres",
1345:. Vol. 19B. International Astronomical Union. p. 342. 951:: 138. October 1996 – via Literary Reference Center Plus. 848:
His and Hers: Essays in Restoration and 18th-Century Literature
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An Odd Attempt in a Woman: The Literary Life of Frances Brooke
1178:"Review of The History of Emily Montague, by Frances Brooke". 310:, eds. Annie Cointre, Florence Lautel-Ribstein, Annie Rivara. 1265:
Berland, K.J.H. (1991). "Frances Brooke and David Garrick".
850:. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. p. 148. 795:. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses. p. 190. 1343:
Proceedings of the Nineteenth General Assembly, Delhi, 1985
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James R. Foster, "The AbbΓ© PrΓ©vost and the English Novel",
216:." The citation was still used in the OED's 2011 revision. 588:
Bertha M. Sterns, "Early English Periodicals for Ladies",
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James J. Talman and Ruth Talman, "The Canadas 1736–1812",
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The Canadian Imagination: Dimensions of a Literary Culture
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For the lady-in-waiting, married name Frances Brooke, see
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as a source of inspiration and parody for Jane Austen's
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Thomas Gutherie Marquis, "English-Canadian Literature",
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James M. Lemoine, "The First Canadian Novelist, 1769",
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Of Women and the Essay: An Anthology from 1655 to 2000
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William H. New, "Frances Brooke's Chequered Gardens",
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Frances Teague, "Frances Brooke's Imagined Epistles",
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Lorraine McMullen, "Frances Brooke's Early Fiction",
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Young Jane Austen and the First Canadian Novel: From
124:; 12 January 1724 – 23 January 1789) was an English 469:, "George Eliot and the Eighteenth-Century Novel", 366:
ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature
176:In 1756 she married Rev. Dr John Brooke, rector at 476:Mary Jane Edwards, "Frances Brooke's Politics and 16:English author of first Canadian novel (1724–1789) 873:The Courtship Novel, 1740-1820: A Feminized Genre 1523:18th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights 1474: 1450:, 1760 (translation from the original French by 235:, 1760 (translation from the original French by 1528:18th-century English dramatists and playwrights 191:Brooke was well-known in London's literary and 404:Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century 390:Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century 308:La traduction du discours amoureux (1660–1830) 1442:Digitized Correspondence with Richard Gifford 429:Women's Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 1196: 790: 602:Charles S. Blue, "Canada's First Novelist", 371:Robert Merrett, "The Politics of Romance in 350:51–52 (Winter/Spring 1993), pp. 340–357 289: 1429:Selected bibliography: Frances Moore Brooke 770:The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 686:Other Brooke works, such as her 1777 novel 581:Desmond Pacey, "The First Canadian Novel", 296:Selected Bibliography: Frances Moore Brooke 791:Todd, Dennis; Wall, Cynthia; Wall (2001). 38: 1011: 845: 341:Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 1543:English women dramatists and playwrights 1364:Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA) 1299: 1142: 1108: 1438:by Jessica Smith and Paula Backscheider 1321:University of Pennsylvania Language Log 1264: 1229: 905: 903: 820: 498:Lorraine McMullen, "The Divided Self", 1475: 1444:, Houghton Library, Harvard University 1340: 1314: 996: 1267:Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture 1132:. Toronto: Ryerson. pp. 143–150. 1127: 1073: 1038: 870: 517:(Toronto: ECW Press, 1980), pp. 19–27 448:Mary Jane Edwards, "Frances Brooke's 204:Also in 1769, Frances Brooke's novel 116: 1304:. Vancouver: British Columbia Press. 961: 942: 940: 900: 816: 814: 812: 368:23, no. 3 (July 1992), pp. 7–25 243:The History of Lady Julia Mandeville 184:. In the same year Brooke sailed to 182:The History of Lady Julia Mandeville 1553:People from South Kesteven District 1518:18th-century Canadian women writers 500:Atlantis: A Women's Studies Journal 456:7, no. 2 (Summer 1981), pp. 171–182 445:21, no. 2 (Summer 1982), pp. 356–63 443:World Literature Written in English 195:communities. In 1769 she published 13: 1493:18th-century English women writers 708: 647:While the purpose and material of 616:Ida Burwash, "An Old-Time Novel", 385:133 (Summer 1992), pp. 92–108 306:and its English Translation ", in 304:Lettres de Milady Juliette Catesby 277:Marian: A Comic Opera, in Two Acts 270:Rosina: A Comic Opera, in Two Acts 14: 1584: 1558:English women non-fiction writers 1353: 1341:Swings, Jean-Pierre, ed. (1986). 937: 809: 578:(QuΓ©bec: Belisle, 1950), pp. 9–57 488:(Toronto: ECW Press, 1980), 19–27 397:Eighteenth-Century Women and Arts 329:11 (April 1999), pp. 339–346 283:The History of Charles Mandeville 1508:18th-century English translators 1394: 1378:Works by or about Frances Brooke 561:2, no. 3 (Summer 1973), pp. 9–12 524:11, no. 2 (Summer 1978): 159–71. 1513:18th-century Canadian novelists 1334: 1308: 1293: 1258: 1223: 1190: 1171: 1136: 1121: 1102: 1067: 1032: 1005: 990: 871:Green, Katherine Sobba (1991). 1503:18th-century British essayists 1498:18th-century English novelists 1315:Zimmer, Ben (15 August 2013). 955: 925: 889: 864: 839: 784: 620:29 (January 1907), pp. 252–256 1: 1563:English expatriates in Canada 1466:The History of Emily Montague 999:The History of Emily Montague 949:Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia 777: 638:The History of Emily Montague 507:The History of Emily Montague 478:The History of Emily Montague 450:The History of Emily Montague 373:The History of Emily Montague 355:The History of Emily Montague 250:The History of Emily Montague 206:The History of Emily Montague 198:The History of Emily Montague 152:, England, the daughter of a 1207:10.1017/CBO9780511597633.004 1130:Essays in Canadian Criticism 758:Resources in other libraries 734:Resources in other libraries 671:, but states that overall, " 654:Essays in Canadian Criticism 606:58 (November 1921), pp. 3–12 143: 7: 1417:Frances Brooke: An overview 1393:(public domain audiobooks) 1300:McMullen, Lorraine (1983). 913:. languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu 568:52 (Spring 1972), pp. 24–38 559:Journal of Canadian Fiction 554:18 (December 1976): pp. 8–9 529:Journal of Canadian Fiction 505:Linda Shohet, "An Essay on 473:35 (December 1980): 260–91. 452:: A Biographical Context", 343:20 (1993), pp. 437–450 336:14 (1994), pp. 235–250 21:Frances Newton, Lady Cobham 10: 1589: 1568:French–English translators 1232:Eighteenth-Century Fiction 1186:: 231–232. September 1769. 1145:Eighteenth-Century Fiction 1111:Essays on Canadian Writing 1076:Eighteenth-Century Fiction 1041:Eighteenth-Century Fiction 1014:Eighteenth Century Fiction 585:26 (July 1946), pp. 143–50 551:Canadian Notes and Queries 543:Literary History of Canada 471:Nineteenth-Century Fiction 361:136 (1993), pp. 60–79 348:Essays on Canadian Writing 327:Eighteenth-Century Fiction 253:. London: J. Dodsley, 1769 148:Frances Moore was born in 18: 1573:Writers from Lincolnshire 964:Early American Literature 753:Resources in your library 729:Resources in your library 631: 513:, ed. John Moss, vol. 2, 454:English Studies in Canada 418:History of Emily Montague 290:Studies of Brooke's works 210:Oxford English Dictionary 208:was used in the earliest 163:. Under the pseudonym of 102: 79: 53: 37: 30: 1538:Canadian women novelists 1434:12 December 2010 at the 997:Brooke, Frances (1985). 611:Canada and Its Provinces 484:, ed. John Moss, vol 2, 411:The Native in Literature 319:to 'Amelia Webster' and 226: 214:to feed among the lilies 165:Mary Singleton, Spinster 1533:English women novelists 1422:21 October 2007 at the 1402:Works by Frances Brooke 1387:Works by Frances Brooke 1369:Works by Frances Brooke 1128:Pacey, Desmond (1969). 846:Messenger, Ann (2014). 821:Spinner, Jenny (2018). 106:English-Canadian writer 1452:Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni 773:(by Mary Jane Edwards) 599:42 (1927), pp. 443–464 424:66 (1986), pp. 286–300 294:Most entries are from 237:Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni 150:Claypole, Lincolnshire 72:Claypole, Lincolnshire 1406:The Online Books Page 1279:10.1353/sec.2010.0132 1157:10.1353/ecf.1999.0022 1053:10.1353/ecf.2003.0007 976:10.1353/eal.2005.0001 681:Reader's Encyclopedia 627:7 (1906), pp. 239–245 1244:10.3138/ecf.27.2.257 1088:10.3138/ecf.28.3.447 1026:10.3138/ecf.23.2.295 947:"Brooke, Frances ". 767:"Frances Brooke" at 692:The Siege of Sinopoe 592:48 (1933), pp. 38–60 263:The Siege of Sinopoe 223:, England, aged 65. 668:Love and Freindship 576:Cinq Femmes et nous 566:Canadian Literature 493:Canadian Literature 467:Margaret Anne Doody 431:12 (1986), pp. 7–16 406:(1989), pp. 669–670 392:304 (1992): 711–712 383:Canadian Literature 359:Canadian Literature 321:Love and Friendship 531:21 (1978): 95–104. 511:The Canadian Novel 482:The Canadian Novel 313:Juliet McMaster, " 44:Frances Brooke by 1548:English essayists 1410:Rebecca Garwood, 1373:Project Gutenberg 857:978-0-8131-5374-2 832:978-0-8203-5424-8 742:By Frances Brooke 715:Library resources 618:Canadian Magazine 604:Canadian Magazine 110: 109: 1580: 1398: 1397: 1382:Internet Archive 1347: 1346: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1312: 1306: 1305: 1297: 1291: 1290: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1194: 1188: 1187: 1175: 1169: 1168: 1140: 1134: 1133: 1125: 1119: 1118: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1071: 1065: 1064: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1009: 1003: 1002: 994: 988: 987: 959: 953: 952: 944: 935: 929: 923: 922: 920: 918: 907: 898: 893: 887: 886: 868: 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Index

Frances Newton, Lady Cobham
Frances Brooke
Catherine Read
Claypole, Lincolnshire
Sleaford
Lincolnshire
nΓ©e
novelist
essayist
playwright
Canada
Claypole, Lincolnshire
clergyman
The Spectator
Colney
Quebec
theatrical
The History of Emily Montague
Oxford English Dictionary
Sleaford
Marie-Jeanne Riccoboni
The History of Emily Montague
Rosina: A Comic Opera, in Two Acts
Young Jane Austen and the First Canadian Novel: From Emily Montague to 'Amelia Webster' and Love and Friendship"
sic
Margaret Anne Doody
Canadian Notes and Queries
Love and Freindship
David Garrick
Mary Ann Yates

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