29:
407:
that does not require italics, and the style manuals of New
Zealand, Australian and British media outlets generally do not require italicisation. However, italicization is common in the United States, where authorities including
32:
Example of "sic" being used after a word in a quotation or passage, to indicate that the quoted matter has been transcribed or translated exactly as found in the source text. Example is from a United States
Supreme Court case,
278:
The bracketed form is most often inserted into quoted or reprinted material to indicate meticulous accuracy in reproducing the preceding text, despite appearances to the reader of an incorrect or unusual
350:
Occasionally a writer places after their own words, to indicate that the language has been chosen deliberately for special effect, especially where the writer's ironic meaning may otherwise be unclear.
133:
is to inform the reader that any errors in a quotation did not arise from editorial errors in the transcription, but are intentionally reproduced as they appear in the source text being quoted; thus
262:
database; in those from 1945 to 1990, it appeared 69,168 times, over 55 times as many. Its use as a form of ridicule has been cited as a major factor in this increase. The immoderate use of
880:
1160:
145:
can also be used derisively to direct the reader's attention to the writer's spelling mistakes and erroneous logic, or to show disapproval of the content or form of the material.
92:) inserted after a quotation indicates that the quoted matter has been transcribed or translated as found in the source text, including erroneous, archaic, or unusual spelling,
1161:"Item 26 – 'Plan of space alongside Evinghews [sic: read Evening News] Printing Works and overlooked by St. Giles House University Hall', [Edinburgh]"
35:
789:
40:
460:, such as by substituting in brackets the correct word in place of the incorrect word or by simply replacing an incorrect spelling with the correct one.
973:
429:
is erroneous, although the
California Style Manual suggests styling it as a parenthetical sentence only when used after a complete sentence, like so: (
319:
895:
869:
1115:
490:
An Iraqi battalion has consumed control of the former
American military base, and our forces are now about 40 minutes outside the city.
818:
1018:
1102:) unless the passage quoted is from an older work or a manuscript source where idiosyncrasies of spelling are generally preserved.'
116:
We are prepared, under appropriate circumstances, to provide information bearing on the credibly and veracity of any such source.
382:
of the eleven so-called 'top native
Communists,' which blessing meant giving the Smith Act the judicial nod of constitutionality.
1146:
917:
1132:
924:
851:
806:
770:
686:
636:
266:
has created some controversy, leading some editors, including bibliographical scholar Simon Nowell-Smith and literary critic
940:
318:] their Speaker ..." However, several writing guidebooks discourage its use with regard to dialect, such as in cases of
580:
1124:
1056:
798:
762:
678:
1190:
226:
is said to stand for "spelled/said in copy/context", "spelling is correct", "spelled incorrectly", and other such
518:
Item 26 - 'Plan of space alongside
Evinghews Printing Works and overlooked by St. Giles House University Hall',
514:, a comma or colon, "read", and the correct reading, all within square brackets, as in the following example:
1078:
988:
104:
also applies to any surprising assertion, faulty reasoning, or other matter that might be interpreted as an
899:
448:
1044:
183:
669:
336:
to comment, "all the quoter (or overzealous editor) demonstrated was ignorance of
British usage".
656:
1048:
628:
295:
be used primarily as an aid to the reader, not as an indicator of disagreement with the source.
753:
841:
544:
529:
44:
1025:. The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Accessed: October 2, 2010
470:
Alternatively, to show both the original and the suggested correction (as they often are in
712:
498:, there should be no punctuation, for example no colon, before the correct form when using
20:
1013:
8:
105:
1037:
942:
California Manual of Style: A Handbook of Legal Style for
California Courts and Lawyers
621:
291:, grammar, syntax, fact, logic, etc.). Several usage guides recommend that a bracketed
47:
1128:
1120:
1052:
920:
847:
802:
794:
766:
758:
682:
674:
632:
539:
311:
875:
63:
1022:
949:
748:
352:
333:
138:
1098:
says, 'Obvious typographic errors may be corrected silently (without comment or
549:
227:
196:
1184:
534:
456:" (unless where inappropriate or uncertain) instead of inserting a bracketed
375:
251:
726:
554:
471:
453:
345:
328:
711:, Second Edition 1989. Oxford University Press; see also E. Belfort Bax.
360:
288:
280:
121:
93:
1094:
In paragraph 13.7, in the section on permissible changes to quotations,
793:(Volume 1, 1843 – 1875). Harvard University Press, 1974.
781:
422:
410:
267:
231:
28:
157:
is used as an adverb, and derivatively as a noun and as a verb. The
404:
307:
284:
715:. Commonweal: 7 May 1887. Marxists' Internet Archive: 14 Jan. 2006
396:
259:
219:
97:
164:, meaning 'intentionally so written', first appeared in English
181:, which means 'so', 'thus', 'in this manner'. According to the
158:
825:. Department of History, University of South Dakota. 6/12/2009
172:
310:
expression is reported faithfully, such as when quoting the
559:
250:
greatly increased in the mid-20th century. For example, in
839:
69:
1150:. Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music, 2 January 2010.
478:, then the correct form, in brackets. The Latin adverb
627:(2nd ed.). US: Oxford University Press. pp.
298:
314:: "The House of Representatives shall chuse [
72:
66:
222:(and therefore sometimes misspelled with periods):
1036:
987:. Johnson County Community College. Archived from
870:"The role of the bracketed 'sic' in English prose"
868:
620:
16:Indicates an intentional reproduction in quotation
754:The Oxford dictionary of American usage and style
320:American and British English spelling differences
148:
1182:
948:(4th ed.). pp. 132–133. Archived from
496:Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music Style Sheet
230:phrases. These are all incorrect and are simply
1039:The Columbia Guide to Standard American English
510:A third alternative is to follow an error with
359:"ironic", providing the following example from
374:n 1951, it was the blessing bestowed on Judge
823:USD History Guide for Writing Research Papers
474:), one may give the actual form, followed by
141:to indicate it is not part of the quotation.
916:. Oxford : Oxford University Press, p.
835:
833:
831:
744:
742:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
425:/period inside the brackets after the word
176:
906:
661:
153:In the English language, the Latin adverb
1035:Wilson, Kenneth G. (1993). "sic (adv.)".
934:
932:
828:
739:
597:
581:"What Was the Washington Post Afraid Of?"
1079:"Style Q&A: Quotations and Dialogue"
27:
866:
811:
670:Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary
1183:
1034:
938:
929:
893:
645:
618:
578:
1028:
914:A Dictionary of Modern English Usage
896:"Quoting British / American English"
757:. Oxford University Press US, 2000.
976:Parentheses, Ellipses, and Brackets
299:Use to denote archaisms and dialect
273:
209:
13:
1165:University of Strathclyde Archives
1083:The Chicago Manual of Style Online
883:from the original on Jun 28, 2023.
867:Carillo, Jose A. (March 6, 2010).
840:William Coyle and Joe Law (2009).
623:A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage
421:is not an abbreviation, placing a
254:state-court opinions before 1944,
14:
1202:
846:. Cengage Learning. p. 72.
619:Garner, Bryan A. (2001). "sic".
395:follows the quotation, it takes
322:. The appearance of a bracketed
62:
1153:
1138:
1107:
1071:
1006:
966:
887:
860:
436:
241:
129:The typical editorial usage of
898:. ieosetta.com. Archived from
894:Remero, Donald (May 9, 2010).
775:
718:
713:"On Some Forms of Modern Cant"
701:
692:
572:
441:
149:Etymology and historical usage
1:
566:
386:
339:
306:may show that an uncommon or
218:has been misidentified as an
165:
258:appeared 1,239 times in the
7:
579:Carmon, Irin (2019-04-01).
522:
449:The Chicago Manual of Style
270:, to speak out against it.
10:
1207:
939:Jessen, Edward W. (2000).
698:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
343:
191:, meaning 'to mark with a
18:
1045:Columbia University Press
709:Oxford English Dictionary
673:. Merriam-Webster, 2003.
653:Oxford English Dictionary
184:Oxford English Dictionary
171:. It is derived from the
463:
206:being an early example.
1191:Latin words and phrases
1119:. Boydell Press, 2005.
727:"Thefreedictionary.com"
657:Oxford University Press
655:, Second Edition 1989.
505:
446:Some guides, including
204:The Ethics of Socialism
520:
492:
403:is often treated as a
384:
177:
118:
106:error of transcription
51:
707:"sic, adv. (and n.)"
651:"sic, adv. (and n.)"
545:List of Latin phrases
530:Dictated but not read
516:
488:
372:
332:in a book review led
187:, the verbal form of
114:
36:Briggs v. Connecticut
31:
912:H. W. Fowler (2001)
902:on October 13, 2010.
21:SIC (disambiguation)
19:For other uses, see
1113:Janet Fairweather.
790:Henry James Letters
452:, recommend "quiet
355:dubbed this use of
195:, emerged in 1889,
1021:2011-09-02 at the
787:"Introduction" to
124:quoting a law firm
52:
1144:Bruce Gustafson.
1133:978-1-84383-015-3
925:978-0-19-953534-7
853:978-0-547-19081-5
819:Grammar and Style
807:978-0-674-38780-5
771:978-0-19-513508-4
687:978-0-87779-809-5
638:978-0-19-514236-5
540:Irony punctuation
494:According to the
312:U.S. Constitution
54:The Latin adverb
1198:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1157:
1151:
1147:JSCM Style Sheet
1142:
1136:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1091:
1089:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1042:
1032:
1026:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
993:
982:
970:
964:
963:
961:
960:
954:
947:
936:
927:
910:
904:
903:
891:
885:
884:
876:The Manila Times
872:
864:
858:
857:
837:
826:
815:
809:
786:
779:
773:
746:
737:
736:
734:
733:
722:
716:
705:
699:
696:
690:
665:
659:
649:
643:
642:
626:
616:
595:
594:
592:
591:
576:
414:insist upon it.
365:
274:Conventional use
210:Folk etymologies
201:
180:
170:
167:
125:
79:
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1143:
1139:
1112:
1108:
1087:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1033:
1029:
1023:Wayback Machine
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
991:
980:
972:
971:
967:
958:
956:
952:
945:
937:
930:
911:
907:
892:
888:
865:
861:
854:
843:Research Papers
838:
829:
816:
812:
784:
780:
776:
749:Bryan A. Garner
747:
740:
731:
729:
725:
723:
719:
706:
702:
697:
693:
666:
662:
650:
646:
639:
617:
598:
589:
587:
577:
573:
569:
564:
525:
508:
468:
444:
439:
389:
363:
353:Bryan A. Garner
348:
342:
334:Bryan A. Garner
326:after the word
301:
276:
244:
212:
199:
168:
151:
127:
120:
113:
65:
61:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1204:
1194:
1193:
1178:
1177:
1152:
1137:
1116:Liber Eliensis
1106:
1070:
1057:
1027:
1005:
985:Writing Center
965:
928:
905:
886:
859:
852:
827:
810:
774:
738:
717:
700:
691:
660:
644:
637:
596:
570:
568:
565:
563:
562:
557:
552:
550:Qere and Ketiv
547:
542:
537:
532:
526:
524:
521:
507:
504:
467:
462:
443:
440:
438:
435:
388:
385:
341:
338:
300:
297:
275:
272:
243:
240:
228:folk etymology
211:
208:
197:E. Belfort Bax
150:
147:
137:placed inside
111:
110:
90:in this manner
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1203:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:1-84383-015-9
1122:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1060:
1058:9780231069885
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1009:
994:on 2012-08-31
990:
986:
979:
977:
969:
955:on 2011-07-28
951:
944:
943:
935:
933:
926:
922:
919:
915:
909:
901:
897:
890:
882:
878:
877:
871:
863:
855:
849:
845:
844:
836:
834:
832:
824:
820:
814:
808:
804:
800:
799:0-674-38780-5
796:
792:
791:
783:
778:
772:
768:
764:
763:0-19-513508-3
760:
756:
755:
750:
745:
743:
728:
721:
714:
710:
704:
695:
688:
684:
680:
679:0-87779-809-5
676:
672:
671:
664:
658:
654:
648:
640:
634:
630:
625:
624:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
586:
585:Intelligencer
582:
575:
571:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
535:Evidentiality
533:
531:
528:
527:
519:
515:
513:
503:
501:
497:
491:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
450:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
412:
406:
402:
399:: . The word
398:
394:
383:
381:
377:
376:Harold Medina
371:
369:
362:
358:
354:
347:
337:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:United States
249:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
214:On occasion,
207:
205:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:
179:
174:
163:
160:
156:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
126:
123:
117:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
77:
59:
58:
49:
46:
42:
38:
37:
30:
26:
22:
1168:. Retrieved
1164:
1155:
1145:
1140:
1114:
1109:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1088:28 September
1086:. Retrieved
1082:
1073:
1062:. Retrieved
1038:
1030:
1012:
1008:
996:. Retrieved
989:the original
984:
975:
968:
957:. Retrieved
950:the original
941:
913:
908:
900:the original
889:
874:
862:
842:
822:
813:
788:
777:
752:
730:. Retrieved
720:
708:
703:
694:
668:
663:
652:
647:
622:
588:. Retrieved
584:
574:
555:Scare quotes
517:
511:
509:
499:
495:
493:
489:
483:
479:
475:
472:palaeography
469:
464:
457:
454:copy-editing
447:
445:
437:Alternatives
430:
426:
418:
416:
409:
400:
392:
390:
379:
373:
367:
356:
349:
346:Scare quotes
327:
323:
315:
303:
302:
292:
277:
263:
255:
247:
245:
242:Modern usage
235:
223:
215:
213:
203:
192:
188:
182:
161:
154:
152:
142:
134:
130:
128:
119:
115:
101:
89:
85:
81:
56:
55:
53:
50: (1980).
34:
25:
1170:19 November
1135:. (p. xxix)
998:19 November
442:Replacement
380:prosecution
361:Fred Rodell
289:punctuation
281:orthography
169: 1856
122:Irin Carmon
94:punctuation
1064:2009-11-03
1047:. p.
1014:Quotations
959:2015-08-10
732:2014-04-10
689:. (p.1156)
590:2024-02-06
567:References
387:Formatting
366:1955 book
344:See also:
340:Ironic use
232:backronyms
782:Leon Edel
423:full stop
411:APA Style
268:Leon Edel
1185:Category
1019:Archived
881:Archived
523:See also
417:Because
405:loanword
397:brackets
368:Nine Men
285:spelling
202:work in
139:brackets
484:rightly
329:analyse
308:archaic
260:Westlaw
246:Use of
220:acronym
175:adverb
112:Example
98:grammar
1131:
1123:
1055:
923:
850:
805:
797:
785:'s
769:
761:
685:
677:
635:
631:–807.
482:means
391:Where
364:'s
224:s.i.c.
200:'s
159:adverb
96:, and
88:, and
992:(PDF)
981:(PDF)
953:(PDF)
946:(PDF)
724:e.g.
667:sic.
500:recte
480:recte
476:recte
465:Recte
234:from
173:Latin
43:
1172:2014
1129:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1096:CMOS
1090:2018
1053:ISBN
1000:2014
921:ISBN
918:807.
848:ISBN
803:ISBN
795:ISBN
767:ISBN
759:ISBN
683:ISBN
675:ISBN
633:ISBN
560:viz.
506:Read
431:Sic.
193:sic'
82:thus
45:U.S.
1100:sic
1049:395
821:."
629:806
512:sic
486:.
458:sic
427:sic
419:sic
401:sic
393:sic
378:'s
357:sic
324:sic
316:sic
304:Sic
293:sic
264:sic
256:sic
248:sic
236:sic
216:sic
189:sic
178:sīc
162:sic
155:sic
143:Sic
135:sic
131:Sic
102:Sic
57:sic
48:912
41:447
1187::
1163:.
1127:,
1092:.
1081:.
1051:.
1043:.
1017:.
983:.
931:^
879:.
873:.
830:^
801:,
765:,
751:.
741:^
681:,
599:^
583:.
502:.
433:)
370::
287:,
238:.
166:c.
108:.
100:.
86:so
84:,
80:;
39:,
1174:.
1067:.
1002:.
978:"
974:"
962:.
856:.
817:"
735:.
641:.
593:.
283:(
76:/
73:k
70:ɪ
67:s
64:/
60:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
