Council of Chalcedon

2869:). For your legates have made a violent stand against it, desiring, no doubt, that this good deed should proceed, in the first instance, from your provident hand. But we, wishing to gratify the pious Christian emperors, and the illustrious Senate, and the capital of the empire, have judged that an Ecumenical Council was the fittest occasion for effecting this measure. Hence we have made bold to confirm the privileges of the aforementioned city (tharresantes ekurosamen) as if your holiness had taken the initiative, for we know how tenderly you love your children, and we feel that in honoring the child we have honored its parent. ... We have informed you of everything with a view of proving our sincerity, and of obtaining for our labors your confirmation and consent." Following Leo's rejection of the canon, Bishop Anatolius of Constantinople conceded, "Even so, the whole force of confirmation of the acts was reserved for the authority of Your Blessedness. Therefore, let Your Holiness know for certain that I did nothing to further the matter, knowing always that I held myself bound to avoid the lusts of pride and covetousness." However, the Canon has since been viewed as valid by the Eastern Orthodox Church. 2410: 3174:

honoured with the Sovereignty and the Senate, and enjoys equal privileges with the old imperial Rome, should in ecclesiastical matters also be magnified as she is, and rank next after her; so that, in the Pontic, the Asian, and the Thracian dioceses, the metropolitans only and such bishops also of the Dioceses aforesaid as are among the barbarians, should be ordained by the aforesaid most holy throne of the most holy Church of Constantinople; every metropolitan of the aforesaid dioceses, together with the bishops of his province, ordaining his own provincial bishops, as has been declared by the divine canons; but that, as has been above said, the metropolitans of the aforesaid Dioceses should be ordained by the archbishop of Constantinople, after the proper elections have been held according to custom and have been reported to him."

394: 3022:. The rise of the "so-called" monophysitism in the East (as branded by the West) was incorrectly believed to lead by the Copts of Egypt. This must be regarded as the outward expression of the growing nationalist trends in that province against the gradual intensification of Byzantine imperialism, soon to reach its consummation during the reign of Emperor Justinian.However, the Coptic Orthodox Church is miaphysite, which means they believe that Jesus Christ is both 100% human and 100% divine but in one person without mingling, confusion or alteration. In every liturgy till this day, the Copts recite “Christ's divinity parted not from His humanity, not for a single moment nor a twinkling of an eye". 2309:. Eusebius demanded that Eutyches be removed from office. Flavian preferred that the bishop and the archimandrite sort out their differences, but as his suggestion went unheeded, Eutyches was summoned to clarify his position regarding the nature of Christ. Eventually Eutyches reluctantly appeared, but his position was considered to be theologically unsophisticated, and the synod finding his answers unresponsive condemned and exiled him. Flavian sent a full account to Pope Leo I. Although it had been accidentally delayed, Leo wrote a compendious explanation of the whole doctrine involved, and sent it to Flavian as a formal and authoritative decision of the question. 3034:

thousands of Egyptian saints and bishops till the Arab Conquest of Egypt. As a result, The Council of Chalcedon is referred to as "Chalcedon, the Ominous" among Coptic Egyptians given how it led to Christians persecuting other Christians for the first time in history. Coptic Orthodox Christians continue to distinguish themselves from followers of Chalcedon to this day. Although the theological differences are seen as limited (if non-existent), it is politics, the subsequent persecutions and the power struggles in the Roman Empire, that may have led to the Great Schism, or at least contributed significantly to amplifying it through the centuries.

11718: 40: 4043:, p. 3, "Leo believed that in him was the voice of Peter. The Fourth Ecumenical Council at Chalcedon in 451 declared that Constantinople had the same patriarchal status as Rome (28th canon), a statement with which Leo never agreed, and which he even tried to declare invalid. When Leo tried to reinstate a defrocked French bishop, St. Hilary who presided over the Gallican Church as Supreme Pontiff, told Leo to keep his Roman nose out of French affairs. Leo's aspirations were strongly opposed, especially by the patriarch of Constantinople. Yet through him the papacy still gained some ground." 2378:

enter the church which assaulted Flavian as he clung to the altar. Flavian died three days later. Dioscorus then placed Eusebius of Dorylaeum under arrest and demanded the assembled bishops approve his actions. Fearing the mob, they all did. The papal legates refused to attend the second session at which several more orthodox bishops were deposed, including Ibas of Edessa, Irenaeus of Tyre, Domnus of Antioch, and Theodoret. Dioscorus then had Cyril of Alexandria's Twelve Anathemas declared orthodox with the intent of condemning any confession other than one nature in Christ.

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judging it by the standard of Cyril's Twelve Chapters, as some of the bishops present raised concerns about their compatibility. This committee was headed by Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople, and was given five days to carefully study the matter. The committee unanimously decided in favor of the orthodoxy of Leo, determining that what he said was compatible with the teaching of Cyril. A number of other bishops also entered statements to the effect that they believed that Leo's Tome was not in contradiction with the teaching of Cyril as well.

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deemed necessary for the maintenance of good order and discipline, and we are persuaded that your Holiness will approve and confirm our decree. ... We are confident you will shed upon the Church of Constantinople a ray of that Apostolic splendor which you possess, for you have ever cherished this church, and you are not at all niggardly in imparting your riches to your children. ... Vouchsafe then, most Holy and most Blessed Father, to accept what we have done in your name, and in a friendly spirit (

2463:, Martyr, outside the city and directly opposite Constantinople. As to the number of sessions held by the Council of Chalcedon there is a great discrepancy in the various texts of the Acts, also in the ancient historians of the council. Either the respective manuscripts must have been incomplete; or the historians passed over in silence several sessions held for secondary purposes. According to the deacon Rusticus, there were in all sixteen sessions; this division is commonly accepted by scholars, including 2648: 2496:) and you are aware of what was made of him", to which Dioscorus famously responded "And you may recall that your mother prayed at his tomb, as she was bleeding of sickness". Pulcheria is said to have slapped Dioscorus in the face, breaking some of his teeth, and ordered the guards to confine him, which they did pulling his beard hair. Dioscorus is said to have put these in a box and sent them back to his Church in Alexandria noting "this is the fruit of my faith." Marcian responded by exiling Dioscorus. 2071: 2535: 1823: 10456: 6697: 2976:. The Eastern position could be characterized as being political in nature, as opposed to a doctrinal view. In practice, all Christians East and West addressed the papacy as the See of Peter and Paul or the Apostolic See rather than the See of the Imperial Capital. Rome understands this to indicate that its precedence has always come from its direct lineage from the apostles Peter and Paul rather than its association with Imperial authority. 1853: 11730: 10445: 6686: 2026: 2663:

and consubstantial with us according to the Manhood; in all things like unto us, without sin; begotten before all ages of the Father according to the Godhead, and in these latter days, for us and for our salvation, born of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of God, according to the Manhood; one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, only begotten, to be acknowledged in two natures, inconfusedly, unchangeably, indivisibly, inseparably; (

2374:(one of the papal legates) repeatedly called for the reading of Leo's Tome, but was ignored. The Eastern Orthodox Church has very different accounts of The Second Council of Ephesus. Pope Dioscorus requested deferring reading of Leo's Tome, as it was not seen as necessary to start with, and could be read later. This was seen as a rebuke to the representatives from the Church of Rome not reading the Tome from the start. 2078: 3576: 2522:. However, the council would determine (with the exception of 13 Egyptian bishops) that this was an issue of wording and not of doctrine; a committee of bishops appointed to study the orthodoxy of the Tome using Cyril's letters (which included the twelve anathemas) as their criteria unanimously determined it to be orthodox, and the council, with few exceptions, supported this. 4559: 2363:

a manuscript in the British Museum. Nonetheless, there are somewhat different interpretations as to what actually transpired. The question before the council by order of the emperor was whether Flavian, in a synod held by him at Constantinople in November, 448, had justly deposed and excommunicated the Archimandrite Eutyches for refusing to admit two natures in Christ.

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the two professions of faith. The Coptic Orthodox Christians are Miaphysite, which means they believe that Jesus Christ is both 100% human and 100% divine but in one person without mingling, confusion or alteration. In every liturgy till this day, the Copts recite “Christ's divinity parted not from His humanity, not for a single moment nor a twinkling of an eye".

2633:. No reference was made in Canon 28 to the bishops of Rome or Constantinople having their authority from being successors to Peter or Andrew respectively. Instead, the stated reasons in the actual text of the Canon that the episcopacy of these cities had been granted their status was the importance of these cities as major cities of the empire of the time. 2972:

honored by the imperial power and senate and enjoying privileges equaling older imperial Rome should also be elevated to her level in ecclesiastical affairs and take second place after her". The framework for allocating ecclesiastical authority advocated by the council fathers mirrored the allocation of imperial authority in the later period of the

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in honor, above Alexandria and Antioch, stating in Canon III, that "the bishop of Constantinople ... shall have the prerogative of honor after the bishop of Rome; because Constantinople is New Rome". In the early 5th century, this status was challenged by the bishops of Alexandria, but the Council of Chalcedon confirmed in Canon XXVIII:

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make a collection of all the Acts and translate them into Latin. Most of the documents, chiefly the minutes of the sessions, were written in Greek; others, e.g. the imperial letters, were issued in both languages; others, again, e.g. the papal letters, were written in Latin. Eventually nearly all of them were translated into both languages.

2928:, also calls it "a title dating from the 6th century, for the bishops of the five great sees of Christendom". Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions, says: "Five patriarchates, collectively called the pentarchy, were the first to be recognized by the legislation of the emperor Justinian (reigned 527–565)". 2484:

believe. ... Peter has spoken thus through Leo. So taught the Apostles. Piously and truly did Leo teach, so taught Cyril. Everlasting be the memory of Cyril. Leo and Cyril taught the same thing, ... This is the true faith ... This is the faith of the fathers. Why were not these things read at Ephesus?"

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The council continued with Dioscorus' trial, but he refused to appear before the assembly. However, historical accounts from the Eastern Orthodox Church note that Dioscorus was put under solitary arrest. As a result, he was condemned, but by an underwhelming amount (more than half the bishops present

2385:

collected among the letters of Leo I, Hilary apologized for not delivering to her the pope's letter after the synod, but owing to Dioscurus, who tried to hinder his going either to Rome or to Constantinople, he had great difficulty in making his escape in order to bring to the pontiff the news of the

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For the latter the propers are titled "We Commemorate Six Holy Ecumenical Councils". This repeatedly damns those anathematized by the councils with such rhetoric as "Christ-smashing deception enslaved Nestorius" and "mindless Arius and ... is tormented in the fires of Gehenna" while the fathers

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After the passage of the Canon 28, Rome filed a protest against the reduction of honor given to Antioch and Alexandria. However, fearing that withholding Rome's approval would be interpreted as a rejection of the entire council, in 453 the pope confirmed the council's canons while declaring the 28th

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should have primacy over other, lesser dioceses. At the time, the See of Constantinople was not yet of ecclesiastical prominence, but its proximity to the Imperial court gave rise to its importance. The Council of Constantinople in 381 modified the situation somewhat by placing Constantinople second

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We, then, following the holy Fathers, all with one consent, teach people to confess one and the same Son, our Lord Jesus Christ, the same perfect in Godhead and also perfect in manhood; truly God and truly man, of a reasonable soul and body; consubstantial with the Father according to the Godhead,

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began its first session. The Acts of the first session of this synod were read at the Council of Chalcedon, 451, and are thus preserved. The remainder of the Acts (the first session being wanting) are known through a Syriac translation by a Miaphysite monk, written in the year 535 and published from

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Pope Leo sent four legates to represent him and expressed his regret that the shortness of the notice must prevent the presence of any other bishop of the West. He provided his legates, one of whom died en route, with a letter addressed to Flavian explaining Rome's position in the controversy. Leo's

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Canon 28: " For the Fathers rightly granted privileges to the throne of old Rome, because it was the royal city. And the One Hundred and Fifty most religious Bishops, actuated by the same consideration, gave equal privileges to the most holy throne of New Rome, justly judging that the city which is

3086:

Several Oriental Orthodox Church historians have viewed the council as a dispute with the Church of Rome over precedence among the various patriarchal sees. Coptic sources, both in Coptic and in Arabic, suggest that questions of political and ecclesiastical authority exaggerated differences between

2872:

According to some ancient Greek collections, canons 29 and 30 are attributed to the council: canon 29, which states that an unworthy bishop cannot be demoted but can be removed, is an extract from the minutes of the 19th session; canon 30, which grants the Egyptians time to consider their rejection

2487:

However, during the reading of Leo's Tome, three passages were challenged as being potentially Nestorian, and their orthodoxy was defended by using the writings of Cyril. Due to such concerns, the council decided to adjourn and appoint a special committee to investigate the orthodoxy of Leo's Tome,

2377:

Dioscorus then moved to depose Flavian of Constantinople and Eusebius of Dorylaeum on the grounds that they taught the Word had been made flesh and not just assumed flesh from the Virgin and that Christ had two natures. When Flavian and Hilary objected, Dioscorus called for a pro-monophysite mob to

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Marcian wished to bring proceedings to a speedy end, and asked the council to make a pronouncement on the doctrine of the Incarnation before continuing the trial. The council fathers, however, felt that no new creed was necessary, and that the doctrine had been laid out clearly in Leo's Tome. They

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Paschasinus refused to give Dioscorus (who had excommunicated Leo leading up to the council) a seat at the council. As a result, he was moved to the nave of the church. Paschasinus further ordered the reinstatement of Theodoret and that he be given a seat, but this move caused such an uproar among

2880:

In all likelihood an official record of the proceedings was made either during the council itself or shortly afterwards. The assembled bishops informed the pope that a copy of all the "Acta" would be transmitted to him; in March 453, Pope Leo commissioned Julian of Cos, then at Constantinople, to

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declared the canon 28 null and void and only approved the canons of the council which were pertaining to faith. Initially, the council indicated their understanding that Pope Leo's ratification was necessary for the canon to be binding, writing, "we have made still another enactment which we have

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had forbidden the composition or use of any new creed. Aetius, deacon of Constantinople then read Cyril's letter to Nestorius, and a second letter to John of Antioch. The bishops responded, "We all so believe: Pope Leo thus believes ... we all thus believe. As Cyril so believe we, all of us:

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Dioscorus began the council by banning all members of the November 448 synod which had deposed Eutyches from sitting as judges. He then introduced Eutyches who publicly professed that while Christ had two natures before the incarnation, the two natures had merged to form a single nature after the

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In making their case, the council fathers argued that tradition had accorded "honor" to the see of older Rome because it was the first imperial city. Accordingly, "moved by the same purposes" the fathers "apportioned equal prerogatives to the most holy see of new Rome" because "the city which is

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Beronician, clerk of the consistory, then read from a book handed him by Aetius, the synodical letter of Leo to Flavian (Leo's Tome). After the reading of the letter, the bishops cried out: "This is the faith of the fathers, this is the faith of the Apostles. So we all believe, thus the orthodox

3033:

non-Chalcedonians. A significant effect on the Orthodox Christians in Egypt, was a series of persecutions by the Roman (later, Byzantine) empire forcing followers of the Oriental Orthodox Church to claim allegiance to Leo's Tome, or Chalcedon. This led to the martyrdom, persecution and death of

2449:

The council opened on 8 October 451. Marcian had the bishops deposed by Dioscorus returned to their dioceses and had the body of Flavian brought to the capital to be buried honorably. The Emperor asked Leo to preside over the council, but Leo again chose to send legates in his place. This time,

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Village and rural parishes if they have been possessed for thirty years, they shall so continue. But if within that time, the matter shall be subject to adjudication. But if by the command of the Emperor a city be renewed, the order of ecclesiastical parishes shall follow the civil and public

3118:. This contains numerous hymns exposing the council's teaching, commemorating its leaders whom it praises and whose prayers it implores, and naming its opponents pejoratively, e.g., "Come let us clearly reject the errors of ... but praise in divine songs the fourth council of pious fathers." 2525:

It approved the creed of Nicaea (325), the creed of Constantinople (381; subsequently known as the Nicene Creed), two letters of Cyril against Nestorius, which insisted on the unity of divine and human persons in Christ, and the Tome of Pope Leo I confirming two distinct natures in Christ.

2764:

Litigious clerics shall be punished according to canon, if they despise the episcopal and resort to the secular tribunal. When a cleric has a contention with a bishop let him wait till the synod sits, and if a bishop have a contention with his metropolitan let him carry the case to

3184: 2421:

The situation continued to deteriorate, with Leo demanding the convocation of a new council and Emperor Theodosius II refusing to budge, all the while appointing bishops in agreement with Dioscorus. All this changed dramatically with the Emperor's death and the elevation of

2802:

A clergyman of one city shall not be given a cure in another. But if he has been driven from his native place and shall go into another he shall be without blame. If any bishop receives clergymen from without his diocese he shall be excommunicated as well as the cleric he

2775:

One province shall not be cut into two. Whoever shall do this shall be cast out of the episcopate. Such cities as are cut off by imperial rescript shall enjoy only the honour of having a bishop settled in them: but all the rights pertaining to the true metropolis shall be

2748:

Domestic oratories and monasteries are not to be erected contrary to the judgment of the bishop. Every monk must be subject to his bishop, and must not leave his house except at his suggestion. A slave, however, can not enter the monastic life without the consent of his

2908:, in the council's seventh session whose "Decree on the Jurisdiction of Jerusalem and Antioch" contains: "the bishop of Jerusalem, or rather the most holy Church which is under him, shall have under his own power the three Palestines". This led to Jerusalem becoming a 2967:) to the most holy throne of New Rome, justly judging that the city which is honoured with the Sovereignty and the Senate and enjoys equal privileges with the old imperial Rome, should in ecclesiastical matters also be magnified as she is, and rank next after her. 2832:

The bishop of New Rome (Constantinople) shall enjoy the same privileges as the bishop of Old Rome, on account of the removal of the Empire. For this reason the of Pontus, of Asia, and of Thrace, as well as the Barbarian bishops shall be ordained by the bishop of

2744:

Those who assume the care of secular houses should be corrected, unless perchance the law called them to the administration of those not yet come of age, from which there is no exemption. Unless further their Bishop permits them to take care of orphans and

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was summoned to Constantinople and chose to bring with him four monks. Upon arrival, Justinian summoned them and informed them that they could either accept the decision of the council or lose their positions. Abraham refused to entertain the idea.

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A Cantor or Lector alien to the sound faith, if being then married, he shall have begotten children let him bring them to communion, if they had there been baptized. But if they had not yet been baptized they shall not be baptized afterwards by the

2578:. He possesses the perfect Godhead and the perfect manhood. His fully divine nature is united with His fully human nature yet without mixing, blending or alteration." The Oriental Orthodox contend that this latter teaching has been misunderstood as 3099:

commemorates the "Holy Fathers of the 4th Ecumenical Council, who assembled in Chalcedon" on the Sunday on or after July 13; however, in some places (e.g., Russia) on that date is rather a feast of the Fathers of the First Six Ecumenical Councils.

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after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity or authority or power, and not rather by a coming together in a union by nature, let him be anathema." This appeared to some to be incompatible with Leo's definition of two natures

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sees an "innate rivalry" between the Sees of Alexandria and Constantinople. Dioscurus, imitating his predecessors in assuming a primacy over Constantinople, held his own synod which annulled the sentence of Flavian, and absolved Eutyches.

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No cleric shall be recorded on the clergy-list of the churches of two cities. But if he shall have strayed forth, let him be returned to his former place. But if he has been transferred, let him have no share in the affairs of his former

2740:

Whoso buys or sells an ordination, down to a Prosmonarius, shall be in danger of losing his grade. Such shall also be the case with go-betweens, if they be clerics they shall be cut off from their rank, if laymen or monks, they shall be

2446:, but Emperor Marcian instead called for it to convene at Chalcedon, because it was closer to Constantinople, and would thus allow him to respond quickly to any events along the Danube, which was being raided by the Huns under Attila. 2504:

would indeed be necessary and presented a text to the fathers. No consensus was reached. Paschasinus threatened to return to Rome to reassemble the council in Italy. Marcian agreed, saying that if a clause were not added to the

2839:

It is the custom of the Egyptians that none subscribe without the permission of their archbishop. Wherefore they are not to be blamed who did not subscribe the Epistle of the holy Leo until an archbishop had been appointed for

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to the imperial throne. To resolve the simmering tensions, Marcian announced his intention to hold a new council to set aside the 449 Second Council of Ephesus which was named the "Latrocinium" or "Robber Council" by Pope Leo.

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All of the bishops were then asked to sign their assent to the Tome, but a group of thirteen Egyptians refused, saying that they would assent to "the traditional faith". As a result, the Emperor's commissioners decided that a

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attempted to bring those monks who still rejected the decision of the Council of Chalcedon into communion with the greater church. The exact time of this event is unknown, but it is believed to have been between 535 and 548.

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for the previous sessions did not attend his condemnation), and all of his decrees were declared null. Empress Pulcheria (Marcian's wife) told Dioscorus "In my father's time, there was a man who was stubborn (referring to

2509:, the bishops would have to relocate. The Committee then sat in the oratory of the most holy martyr Euphemis and afterwards reported a definition of faith which while teaching the same doctrine was not the Tome of Leo. 2454:

and Julian of Cos and two priests Boniface and Basil represented the western church at the council. The council was attended by about 520 bishops or their representatives and was the largest and best-documented of the

2818:

Let the ordination of bishops be within three months: necessity however may make the time longer. But if anyone shall ordain counter to this decree, he shall be liable to punishment. The revenue shall remain with the

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Although it could be reconciled with Cyril's Formula of Reunion, it was not compatible in its wording with Cyril's Twelve Anathemas. In particular, the third anathema reads: "If anyone divides in the one Christ the

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For the Fathers rightly granted privileges to the throne of old Rome, because it was the royal city. And the One Hundred and Fifty most religious Bishops, actuated by the same consideration, gave equal privileges

3061:

tried to persuade Justinian to change his mind, seemingly to no avail. Abraham himself stated in a letter to his monks that he preferred to remain in exile rather than subscribe to a faith contrary to that of

841: 2467:, historian of the councils. If all the separate meetings were counted, there would be twenty-one sessions; several of these meetings, however, are considered as supplementary to preceding sessions. 851: 2480:

eternal be the memory of Cyril: as the epistles of Cyril teach such is our mind, such has been our faith: such is our faith: this is the mind of Archbishop Leo, so he believes, so he has written."

2409: 7761: 2815:

A monastery erected with the consent of the bishop shall be immovable. And whatever pertains to it shall not be alienated. Whoever shall take upon him to do otherwise, shall not be held guiltless.

3114:

For the former "The Office of the 630 Holy and God-bearing Fathers of the 4th ... Summoned against the Monophysites Eftyches and Dioskoros" was composed in the middle of the 14th century by

2693:), the Word, the Lord Jesus Christ; as the prophets from the beginning concerning Him, and the Lord Jesus Christ Himself has taught us, and the Creed of the holy Fathers has handed down to us. 896: 901: 2836:

He is sacrilegious who degrades a bishop to the rank of a presbyter. For he that is guilty of crime is unworthy of the priesthood. But he that was deposed without cause, let him be bishop.

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Let the poor who stand in need of help make their journey with letters pacificatory and not commendatory: for letters commendatory should only be given to those who are open to suspicion.

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The near-immediate result of the council was a major schism. The bishops who were uneasy with the language of Pope Leo's Tome repudiated the council, saying that the acceptance of two

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and manhood. The council also issued 27 disciplinary canons governing church administration and authority. In a further decree, later known as canon 28, the bishops declared that the

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between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East, the Assyrian Church of the East and the Catholic Church each accepted and confessed the same doctrine of Christology.

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with the Father in godhead, and the same homoousios with us in manhood ... acknowledged in two natures without confusion, without change, without division, without separation.

2593:, hold that both conscience and scripture preempt doctrinal councils and generally agree that the conclusions of later councils were unsupported by or contradictory to scripture. 11506: 7469: 1186: 3868: 2335:

Through the influence of the court official Chrysaphius, godson of Eutyches, in 449, the competing claims between the Patriarchs of Constantinople and Alexandria led Emperor

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in thanks for his life, managed to escape from Constantinople and brought news of the council to Leo who immediately dubbed it a "synod of robbers" –

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Any clergyman in an almshouse or monastery must submit himself to the authority of the bishop of the city. But he who rebels against this let him pay the penalty.

881: 11702: 11697: 8754: 8327: 2270:(nature). The energy and imprudence with which Eutyches asserted his opinions led to his being misunderstood. Thus, many believed that Eutyches was advocating 2054: 1199: 2675:) the distinction of natures being by no means taken away by the union, but rather the property of each nature being preserved, and concurring in one Person ( 4349: 886: 698: 2137:

The council's other responsibilities included addressing controversy, dealing with issues such as ecclesiastical discipline and jurisdiction, and approving

342:) from 8 October to 1 November 451. The council was attended by over 520 bishops or their representatives, making it the largest and best-documented of the 10059: 5932: 4036: 2829:

If a clergyman elope with a woman, let him be expelled from the Church. If a layman, let him be anathema. The same shall be the lot of any that assist him.

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No person shall be ordained deaconess except she be forty years of age. If she shall dishonour her ministry by contracting a marriage, let her be anathema.

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Twice each year the Synod shall be held wherever the bishop of the Metropolis shall designate, and all matters of pressing interest shall be determined.

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We all teach harmoniously the same perfect in godhead, the same perfect in manhood, truly God and truly man, the same of a reasonable soul and body;

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Even though the Council was moved to Ferrara in 1438 and later to Florence, some bishops refused to move and remained in a parallel Council at Basel.

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In a canon of disputed validity, the Council of Chalcedon also elevated the See of Constantinople to a position "second in eminence and power to the

1002: 866: 846: 11496: 8410: 3973: 2431:, the sister of Theodosius, may have influenced this decision, or even made the convention of a council a requirement during her negotiations with 1371: 861: 856: 4295: 2812:

Clerics or monks who spend much time at Constantinople contrary to the will of their bishop, and stir up seditions, shall be cast out of the city.

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In Martyries and Monasteries ordinations are strictly forbidden. Should any one be ordained therein, his ordination shall be reputed of no effect.

9945: 1469: 737: 693: 4531:"Богослужебные тексты – Рядовая Минея – Июль – 16 июля: Священномученика Афиногена и десяти учеников его. Святые отцов шести Вселенских соборов" 2471:

the council fathers, that Theodoret also sat in the nave, though he was given a vote in the proceedings, which began with a trial of Dioscorus.

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Clerics and Monks, if they shall have dared to hold conventicles and to conspire against the bishop, shall be cast out of their rank.

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The claims that bishops being forced to approve actions, were challenged by Pope Dioscorus and the Egyptian Bishops at Chalcedon.

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The œconomus in all churches must be chosen from the clergy. And the bishop who neglects to do this is not without blame.

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began teaching a subtle variation on the traditional Christology in an attempt to stop what he saw as a new outbreak of

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Church, who did not agree with such conduct or proceedings. This disagreement would later inform the separation of the

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The divisions in the Church weakened the Byzantine Empire's eastern provinces and helped ease the subsequent

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and most Protestants consider it to be the last authoritative ecumenical council. These churches, along with

2243:. He claimed to be a faithful follower of Cyril's teaching, which was declared orthodox in the Union of 433. 1947: 1937: 1601: 1529: 1294: 11590: 11109: 11099: 10555: 10312: 10283: 10266: 10174: 9786: 9751: 9741: 9319: 9300: 9162: 8913: 8826: 7556: 6432: 5509: 5192: 5136: 5120: 5094: 4994: 4976: 4017: 1988: 1942: 1932: 1839: 1831: 1771: 1344: 1166: 582: 562: 542: 11780: 11770: 11555: 10925: 10698: 10322: 9072: 8940: 8809: 7920: 7566: 7551: 7537: 7444: 7434: 6924: 6503: 6284: 6146: 3400: 2394: – and refused to accept its pronouncements. The decisions of this council now threatened 1721: 1012: 587: 154: 3981: 11564: 10589: 10239: 10037: 9691: 9343: 9309: 9268: 7571: 7439: 7243: 6613: 6575: 6062: 5390: 5275: 4702: 4299: 3271: 2658:

The Confession of Chalcedon provides a clear statement on the two natures of Christ, human and divine:

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Eutyches appealed against the decision, labeling Flavian a Nestorian, and received the support of

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Common Christological Declaration between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East

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of the councils are praised and the dogmas of the councils are expounded in the hymns therein.

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If any cleric or monk arrogantly affects the military or any other dignity, let him be cursed.

11790: 11441: 11426: 11139: 10996: 10903: 10703: 10686: 10599: 10543: 10154: 9981: 9406: 9187: 9052: 8898: 8604: 8542: 8501: 8486: 8298: 8240: 8131: 8126: 8004: 7998: 7798: 7346: 7311: 7216: 7130: 6912: 6700: 6299: 6025: 5834: 5737: 5692: 5621: 5414: 5208: 5152: 4874: 4851: 4570: 4476:"On the Sunday of the Holy Fathers of the 4th Ecumenical Council, who assembled in Chalcedon" 4065: 4058: 3434: 3354:"The Chalcedon Problem: Rousas John Rushdoony and the Origins of Christian Reconstructionism" 2464: 2317: 2302: 2009: 1952: 1696: 1454: 721:

Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:

485: 11491: 4819: 4798: 4673: 2687:), not parted or divided into two persons, but one and the same Son, and only begotten God ( 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11600: 11527: 11370: 11330: 11149: 11051: 11026: 10770: 10745: 10681: 9558: 9527: 9424: 9305: 9219: 9099: 9002: 8719: 8714: 8637: 8518: 8496: 8288: 8245: 8195: 7983: 7935: 7930: 7905: 7741: 7695: 7598: 7588: 7424: 7417: 7268: 6954: 6944: 6907: 6521: 6471: 6456: 6333: 6042: 5942: 5892: 5887: 5844: 5732: 5466: 5386: 5176: 4021: 2952: 2901: 2575: 2555: 2414: 1978: 1706: 1671: 1176: 604: 510: 481: 142: 8: 11722: 11446: 11436: 11385: 11243: 11229: 11089: 10831: 10594: 10347: 10249: 10042: 10026: 9546: 9456: 8907: 8851: 8799: 8700: 8662: 8312: 8293: 8033: 8028: 7955: 7673: 7648: 7527: 7507: 7454: 7355: 7253: 7150: 7118: 7062: 6690: 6666: 6651: 6570: 6560: 6546: 6526: 6516: 6486: 6466: 6395: 6126: 5955: 5882: 5712: 5641: 5568: 5363: 5184: 3745:". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press 2993: 2706: 2652: 2570:

are orthodox doctrine which must be adhered to. The council, however, is rejected by the

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Monks or nuns shall not contract marriage, and if they do so let them be excommunicated.

346:. The principal purpose of the council was to re-assert the teachings of the ecumenical 11734: 11511: 11280: 11204: 11172: 10991: 10960: 10797: 10785: 10646: 10584: 10367: 10184: 9042: 9034: 8777: 8478: 8445: 8260: 8010: 7940: 7857: 7845: 7822: 7618: 7392: 7233: 7177: 7167: 6969: 6753: 6565: 6511: 6422: 6412: 6203: 6118: 6067: 5677: 5330: 5300: 5050: 5017: 3469: 3381: 3075: 3067: 3053: 2779:

No cleric shall be received to communion in another city without a letter commendatory.

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Eutyches had been accusing various personages of covert Nestorianism. In November 448,

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The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius: A History of the Church from AD 431 to AD 594

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result of the council. Hilary, who later became pope and dedicated an oratory in the

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wrote that Eutyches' error seemed to be more from a lack of skill than from malice.

11570: 11375: 11355: 11275: 11260: 11159: 11061: 10935: 10775: 10733: 10728: 10708: 10691: 10604: 10189: 9963: 9925: 9883: 9811: 9806: 9773: 9580: 9513: 9476: 9471: 9451: 9446: 9371: 9224: 9214: 9174: 8705: 8523: 8506: 7945: 7885: 7273: 7258: 6959: 6939: 6934: 6917: 6897: 6346: 6188: 6163: 5742: 5702: 5200: 4648: 4415: 3501: 3365: 3104: 2519: 2436: 2387: 2250:, since it is the Incarnation, of God the Word." Cyril apparently thought that the 1993: 1701: 1676: 1504: 1279: 1156: 941: 678: 673: 505: 241: 9429: 4507: 2809:

Whoever seizes the goods of his deceased bishop shall be cast forth from his rank.

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A cleric or layman making charges rashly against his bishop shall not be received.

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held a local synod regarding a point of discipline connected with the province of

1559: 1554: 11628: 11595: 11539: 11533: 11390: 11295: 11199: 11011: 10505: 10470: 10424: 10307: 10164: 10129: 9935: 9930: 9855: 9850: 9791: 9716: 9466: 9396: 8928: 8869: 8419: 8318: 8220: 8158: 7900: 7851: 7397: 7052: 6555: 6461: 6252: 5950: 4840: 4777: 4773: 4756: 4752: 4706: 4652: 4628: 4601: 4263: 4168: 4040: 3823:"St. Cyril's "One Physis or Hypostasis of God the Logos Incarnate" and Chalcedon" 3721: 3688: 3285: 3038: 2937: 2551: 2142: 1844: 1726: 1681: 936: 811: 764: 69: 3557: 3493: 2752:

Those who go from city to city shall be subject to the canon law on the subject.

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null and void. This position would change and later be accepted in 1215 at the

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incarnation. Of the 130 assembled bishops, 111 voted to rehabilitate Eutyches.

2279: 2251: 2115: 1751: 1509: 1474: 1396: 1146: 1109: 931: 304: 48: 10884: 3369: 3328: 2574:, the latter teaching rather that "The Lord Jesus Christ is God the Incarnate 11749: 11575: 11501: 11467: 11451: 11411: 11094: 11069: 10845: 10755: 10740: 10662: 10234: 10194: 10079: 10001: 9986: 9835: 9796: 9602: 9486: 9283: 8952: 8667: 8225: 8162: 8151: 8038: 7925: 7828: 7816: 7680: 7653: 7593: 7072: 6892: 6476: 6407: 6257: 5965: 5605: 5600: 4563: 4144: 3782: 3704: 3676: 3599: 3584: 3580: 3377: 2590: 2579: 2559: 2371: 2355:, confessed that Christ had two natures, and was not of or from two natures. 2352: 2336: 2306: 2162: 1691: 1615: 1580: 921: 367: 4698:. 5 vols. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1883. (Our topic is located in vol. 3) 2118:

debates, it also generated heated disagreements between the council and the

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Further definitions of the Council of Constantinople (381) can be found on

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The Arab conquest of Egypt and the last thirty years of the Roman dominion

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Christ in Christian Tradition: From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (451)

4018:

https://earlychurchtexts.com/main/chalcedon/canons_of_chalcedon_03.shtml

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Kirsch, Johann Peter. "Pope Saint Hilarus." The Catholic Encyclopedia

3677:

Chapman, John. "Robber Council of Ephesus." The Catholic Encyclopedia

2921: 2913: 2909: 2904:

and from any other higher-ranking bishop, given what is now known as

2820: 2726: 2725:

The work of the council was completed by a series of 30 disciplinary

2672:

in duabus naturis inconfuse, immutabiliter, indivise, inseparabiliter

2451: 2428: 2382: 2158: 1549: 1544: 1534: 1524: 1449: 1357: 1269: 1151: 520: 457: 355: 323: 161:; a board of government officials and senators, led by the patrician 99: 4674:"The Council of Chalcedon and the Definition of Christian Tradition" 3783:

Schaefer, Francis. "Council of Chalcedon." The Catholic Encyclopedia

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A History of the Councils of the Church from the Original Documents

4562: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 4482:. Anastasis – The Home Page of Archimandrite Ephrem. Archived from 2851: 2710: 2630: 2586: 2301:. At the end of the session of this synod one of those inculpated, 2275: 2271: 2236: 2222: 2202: 2025: 1409: 1339: 1327: 1316: 755: 351: 335: 327: 8388: 3014:

in a schism, the most significant among these being the Church of

3002:

was tantamount to Nestorianism. Dioscorus of Alexandria advocated

11341: 10955: 10577: 10149: 8987: 8861: 8804: 8146: 8076: 7736: 7700: 6685: 6294: 6274: 6131: 6020: 5479:* Ecumenical status disputed within the Eastern Orthodox Church. 4657:(2nd revised ed.). Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. 4379:"Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States - Q&A" 3579:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

3402:

The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine

3305:"Council of Chalcedon | Description, History, & Significance" 3108: 2730: 2563: 2423: 2344: 1424: 1274: 732:

Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:

624:

Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:

319: 138: 4365:

See drop-down essay on "Islamic Conquest and the Ottoman Empire"

3785:

Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 8 February 2019

3707:

Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 9 February 2019

3679:

Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 9 February 2019

3602:

Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 8 February 2019

3587:

Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 6 February 2019

2737:

The canons of every Synod of the holy Fathers shall be observed.

11507:

Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary

10950: 10860: 10765: 10302: 9607: 9592: 9536: 9503: 7162: 7082: 6949: 5501: 4779:

Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.

3558:"Eutyches | Biography, Eutychianism, Beliefs, & Facts" 3527:

A History of Christianity in Asia. Volume I: Beginnings to 1500

3247: 3245: 3236:

A History of Christianity in Asia. Volume I: Beginnings to 1500

3209:

A History of Christianity in Asia. Volume I: Beginnings to 1500

2697:

The full text of the definition reaffirms the decisions of the

2617:(New Rome) had the patriarchal status with "equal privileges" ( 2298: 2114:

Whilst this judgment marked a significant turning point in the

1711: 1304: 339: 3066:. They were not alone, and the non-Chalcedon churches compose 2900:

The metropolitan of Jerusalem was given independence from the

265: 259: 10400: 9568: 9532: 7710: 6227: 5687: 5626: 5583: 4034:

How the Bishop of Rome Assumed the Title of "Vicar of Christ"

3995: 3636:. Garden City, New York: Image Books (Doubleday). p. 37. 3160: 3154: 3030: 3026: 2962: 2864: 2850:) to Constantinople as of Rome because Constantinople is the 2688: 2682: 2676: 2664: 2618: 2443: 2432: 2283: 2259: 2178: 2138: 1419: 1322: 4462:

The christological teaching of the non-chalcedonian churches

4459: 4235:, Vol. 1, ed. Norman P. Tanner, S.J. (1990), pp. 75–76. 3242: 3215: 2286:, Eutyches seemed to be denying that Jesus was fully human. 9573: 9292: 4944:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 178–196. 4938:"An Unholy Crew? Bishops Behaving Badly at Church Councils" 4927:

The Council of Chalcedon: A Historical and Doctrinal Survey

4904:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 169–177. 4737:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 107–116. 4198:

Opp. S. Leonis, Ep. 98. Ep. 101. Ep. 132. Ep. 100. 232,

3432: 2609:. It also insisted on the completeness of his two natures: 2232: 2205:

that Jesus was a created being. This was reaffirmed at the

1284: 4881:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 92–106. 4619:

A history of the later Roman empire from Arcadius to Irene

292: 11396:

Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution

4858:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 70–91. 4568:

Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Council of Chalcedon".

2666:ἐν δύο φύσεσιν ἀσυγχύτως, ἀτρέπτως, ἀδιαιρέτως, ἀχωρίστως 286: 277: 247: 5187:(Basel/Lausanne: 1431–1449; Ferrara/Florence: 1438–1445) 4680:. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 7–26. 4460:

A. El-Moharraky, Pakhoum; Atalla Girgis, Waheeb (1995).

4022:

https://earlychurchtexts.com/public/chalcedon_canons.htm

2943:

The Council of Nicaea in 325 had noted that the Sees of

2877:, is an extract from the minutes of the fourth session. 4875:"Truth, Omission, and Fiction in the Acts of Chalcedon" 4296:"Canon xxviii & eastern papalism: cause or effect?" 3613:

St. Cyril of Alexandria: The Christological Controversy

8328:

Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America

4982:

The U.S. Oriental Orthodox–Roman Catholic Consultation

4824:. Vol. 2. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 4803:. Vol. 1. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 4731:"Why Did the Syrians reject the Council of Chalcedon?" 2924:. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, s.v. 2885:

The status of the sees of Constantinople and Jerusalem

705:

Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches

11427:

Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary

4845:. Vol. 3. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 4434: 4350:

Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs

4016:

The canon in the original language can be seen here:

3600:

Chapman, John. "Dioscurus." The Catholic Encyclopedia

295: 283: 274: 256: 244: 208:, many disputes involving particular bishops and sees 3585:

Chapman, John. "Eutyches." The Catholic Encyclopedia

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Churches that rejected Chalcedon in favor of Ephesus

2987: 289: 280: 262: 250: 4525: 4523: 4424:. The Library of Congress. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 4396: 3917:"Questions and Answers by His Grace Bishop Youssef" 271: 253: 10500: 4200:http://www.clerus.org/bibliaclerusonline/en/ui.htm 4186:A Response to 'Evangelicals, Catholics, and Unity' 4057: 2546:of the council are recognized as normative by the 2538:Spectrum of Christological views in late antiquity 3940:Donald S. Armentrout; Robert Boak Slocum (2005). 2705:(325). It also canonises as authoritative two of 2562:agree that the council's teachings regarding the 2305:, brought a counter charge of heresy against the 11747: 11497:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII 4520: 4502: 4500: 4480:Liturgical Texts – Menaion – July – Holy Fathers 4051: 4049: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 2097:Chalcedon marked on a map of the Istanbul region 315:of the Christian Church. It was convoked by the 4839:Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael, eds. (2005c). 4818:Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael, eds. (2005b). 4797:Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael, eds. (2005a). 3816: 3814: 2931: 2709:'s letters and the Tome of Leo written against 2475:were also hesitant to write a new creed as the 4782:Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. 4592:, 1846. Reprinted 2008. Evolution Publishing, 3946:. Church Publishing Incorporated. p. 81. 3820: 3741:Cross, F.L.; Livingstone, E.A., eds. (1974). " 3695:, Cambridge University Press, 1972, pps. 41–43 2459:. All the sessions were held in the church of 10486: 8404: 6727: 6401:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches 6100: 5517: 5002: 4942:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4902:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4879:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4856:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4852:"The Council of Chalcedon (451): A Narrative" 4735:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4678:Chalcedon in Context: Church Councils 400–700 4497: 4333:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 4145:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Council of Chalcedon" 4046: 3893:"Orthodox And Oriental Orthodox Consultation" 3795: 3793: 3791: 3753: 3751: 3640: 3329:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Council of Chalcedon" 2912:, one of the five patriarchates known as the 2048: 1857:Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent 1794: 4838: 4817: 4796: 4711:(3rd ed.). London-New York: Continuum. 4322:, ed. Norman P. Tanner, SJ, pp. 99–100. 4091: 3811: 3439:. Liverpool University Press. pp. 1–5. 3090: 6741: 4338: 4087: 4085: 4055: 3263: 2845: 2670: 2624: 2130:, and led to the council being regarded as 11512:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary 11462:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart 10493: 10479: 10333:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 8411: 8397: 6734: 6720: 5524: 5510: 5009: 4995: 4898:"Acclamations at the Council of Chalcedon" 4772: 4751: 4647: 4630:Catholicity and Heresy in the Early Church 4567: 4001: 3933: 3788: 3759:"Council of Chalcedon | Christianity" 3748: 3595: 3593: 3251: 3221: 3006:and had dominated the Council of Ephesus. 2889: 2636: 2404: 2055: 2041: 1851: 1801: 1787: 4335:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005 4223:. New Edition. Penguin Books. 1997. p. 26 4096:. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 214. 3081: 2324: 2246:Cyril had taught that "There is only one 2197:) determined that Jesus Christ was God, " 227:Chronological list of ecumenical councils 5383:Ancient church councils (pre-ecumenical) 4439:. Oxford University Press. p. 146. 4246:"L'idea di pentarchia nella cristianità" 4082: 4060:A Concise History of the Catholic Church 3776: 3634:A Popular History of the Catholic Church 3470:"Christianity's Great Schism of 1054 AD" 3264:Price, Richard; Gaddis, Michael (2007). 3116:Patriarch Philotheus I of Constantinople 3107:have been composed and are found in the 2646: 2533: 2442:Leo had pressed for it to take place in 2408: 2216: 8152:Fostering of early experimental science 5483: 5016: 4895: 4626: 3590: 3524: 3398: 3351: 3233: 3206: 196:in 449, the alleged offences of Bishop 14: 11748: 8792: 8256:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy 4932: 4872: 4849: 4769:(Washington D.C.: Corpus Books, 1969). 4607:The Oecumenical Documents of the Faith 4414: 4233:The Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils 4092:Noble, Thomas; Strauss, Barry (2005). 4020:. English translation available here: 3855: 3631: 3433:Richard Price; Michael Gaddis (2006). 2193:In 325, the first ecumenical council ( 322:. The council convened in the city of 45:Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon 10474: 8392: 6715: 5505: 4990: 4725: 4701: 4671: 4605:Bindley, T. Herbert and F. W. Green, 4373: 4371: 4183: 4139: 4137: 4012: 4010: 3943:An Episcopal dictionary of the church 3670: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3464: 3462: 2381:According to a letter to the Empress 366:) or viewed Christ as solely divine ( 4842:The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon 4821:The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon 4800:The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon 4612: 4574:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 4402: 3693:The Rise of the Monophysite Movement 3542:, Preamble, accessed 8 February 2022 3436:The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon 3299: 3297: 3295: 3267:The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon 2715:Archbishop Flavian of Constantinople 2601:The Council of Chalcedon issued the 2201:" with the Father, and rejected the 1757:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs 1367:Differences from the Catholic Church 1233:History of Eastern Orthodox theology 11366:Suppression of the Society of Jesus 8418: 4767:Christ in Eastern Christian Thought 3858:"Introduction to the Coptic Church" 3498:Encyclopedia of Christianity Online 2554:Churches, as well by certain other 1079:Other possible ecumenical councils: 842:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania 24: 10921:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 4437:The Oxford Handbook of Christology 4368: 4320:Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils 4134: 4007: 3615:. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994. p. 12 3545: 3459: 2844:Canon 28 grants equal privileges ( 2347:in 449, with Dioscorus presiding. 25: 11812: 4960: 4331:"Latrocinium." Cross, F. L., ed. 3827:Greek Orthodox Theological Review 3292: 2988:Consequences: Chalcedonian Schism 2295:Flavian, Bishop of Constantinople 2183:Common Christological Declaration 2102:The ruling of the council stated: 2077: 949:American Orthodox Catholic Church 360:Christ's divine and human natures 11728: 11716: 11047:Fourth Council of Constantinople 11002:Second Council of Constantinople 10455: 10454: 10443: 10411:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 9959:Criticism of the Catholic Church 6696: 6695: 6684: 5812:State church of the Roman Empire 5531: 5411:State church of the Roman Empire 4972:Text of the Council of Chalcedon 4609:. 2nd ed. London: Methuen, 1950. 4557: 3574: 2413:Council of Chalcedon, fresco at 2149:(381, subsequently known as the 2076: 2069: 2024: 1984:Basel–Ferrara–Florence (1431–42) 1821: 852:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg 392: 240: 126:Second Council of Constantinople 38: 27:451 Christian ecumenical council 11766:First seven ecumenical councils 11017:Third Council of Constantinople 10941:First Council of Constantinople 8578:First seven ecumenical councils 5795:First seven ecumenical councils 5242:First seven ecumenical councils 5106:First seven ecumenical councils 5026:First seven ecumenical councils 4578: 4543:from the original on 2013-09-27 4468: 4453: 4428: 4408: 4325: 4313: 4288: 4265:Encyclopedia of World Religions 4256: 4238: 4226: 4213: 4204: 4192: 4177: 4161: 4110: 4026: 3966: 3909: 3885: 3874:from the original on 2006-06-22 3849: 3837: 3735: 3710: 3698: 3682: 3625: 3605: 3568: 3533: 3518: 3486: 3426: 3392: 3177: 3167: 3103:For both of the above complete 2457:first seven ecumenical councils 2398:between the East and the West. 2207:First Council of Constantinople 1172:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 1033:First Seven Ecumenical Councils 344:first seven ecumenical councils 11256:Dissolution of the monasteries 10522:History of the Catholic Church 9153:Separation of church and state 8115:Separation of church and state 7784:Formal and material principles 7769:Separation of church and state 6662:Relations with other religions 6068:Church of the East (Nestorian) 6063:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) 4435:Francesca Aran Murphy (2015). 3801:"Internet History Sourcebooks" 3399:Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan (1971). 3345: 3321: 3257: 3227: 3200: 3144: 3012:the rest of the Eastern Church 2854:as renewed by canon 36 of the 2370:Throughout these proceedings, 2314:Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria 13: 1: 11130:Fourth Council of the Lateran 11105:Second Council of the Lateran 10714:Apostles in the New Testament 7779:Hymnody of continental Europe 6930:Apostles in the New Testament 4761:. New York: Sheed & Ward. 3529:. HarperCollins. p. 219. 3352:Worthen, Molly (2008-05-12). 3238:. HarperCollins. p. 219. 3211:. HarperCollins. p. 219. 3194: 2982:Fourth Council of the Lateran 2529: 2303:Eusebius, Bishop of Dorylaeum 2278:– where Arius had denied the 2258:meant approximately what the 2188: 1602:Intercession of the Theotokos 1377:Opposition to papal supremacy 1196:Moscow–Constantinople schism 897:Switzerland and Liechtenstein 214:Documents and statements 192:The judgements issued at the 11756:450s in the Byzantine Empire 11244:Catholic Counter-Reformation 11110:Third Council of the Lateran 11100:First Council of the Lateran 10556:Catholic ecumenical councils 4464:. Manchester: Costa Tsoumas. 4056:Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004). 3844:History of the Coptic Church 3161: 2932:The status of Constantinople 2701:and the pre-eminence of the 2683: 2677: 2651:Council of Chalcedon in the 1907:Constantinople III (680–681) 1167:Christianization of Bulgaria 7: 11761:5th-century church councils 7227:Eastern Orthodox opposition 6369:Views on poverty and wealth 4896:Roueché, Charlotte (2009). 3525:Moffett, Samuel H. (1992). 3234:Moffett, Samuel H. (1992). 3207:Moffett, Samuel H. (1992). 3125: 1917:Constantinople IV (869–870) 1722:Photios I of Constantinople 1239:20th century (Neo-Palamism) 1162:Christianization of Georgia 159:Patriarch of Constantinople 10: 11817: 10590:History of the Roman Curia 10450:Catholic Church portal 7244:Art patronage of Julius II 6614:World Evangelical Alliance 6576:Traditionalist Catholicism 3856:Tadros, Y. Malaty (1993). 3506:10.1163/2211-2685_eco_c358 3474:www.ecumenicalexaminer.com 3272:Liverpool University Press 3155: 2991: 2963: 2926:patriarch (ecclesiastical) 2893: 2689: 2665: 2640: 2619: 2596: 2572:Oriental Orthodox Churches 2328: 2235:from Constantinople named 2220: 2124:Oriental Orthodox Churches 1372:Opposition to the Filioque 915:Noncanonical jurisdictions 59:8 October – 1 November 451 11711: 11611: 11477: 11404: 11339: 11326:European wars of religion 11223: 11158: 11060: 10982: 10873: 10796: 10656: 10645: 10637:Eastern Catholic Churches 10512: 10438: 10376:Aid to the Church in Need 10366: 10223: 10036: 9997:Vatican Television Center 9972: 9882: 9772: 9642:Eastern Catholic Churches 9623: 9512: 9405: 9352: 9277: 9248: 9173: 9098: 9033: 8978: 8897: 8767: 8681: 8613: 8558: 8477: 8454: 8426: 8336: 8171: 8090: 8019: 7954: 7876: 7807: 7747:Calvinist–Arminian debate 7721: 7488: 7371: 7207: 7098: 6980: 6878: 6767: 6749: 6679: 6629: 6609:World Council of Churches 6584: 6502: 6386: 6377: 6332: 6117: 6101: 6096:Latter Day Saint movement 6081: 6041: 5941: 5922: 5868: 5825: 5770: 5676: 5655: 5614: 5582: 5539: 5477: 5459:Conference of Addis Ababa 5374: 5327: 5272: 5227: 5093: 5024: 4920:Two Ancient Christologies 4758:Orthodoxy and Catholicity 4627:Edwards, Mark J. (2009). 4298:. AOI USA. Archived from 4268:. Merriam-Webster. 1999. 4118:"Chalcedonian Definition" 3370:10.1017/s0009640708000590 3091:Liturgical commemorations 2896:Jerusalem in Christianity 2720: 2360:Second Council of Ephesus 2331:Second Council of Ephesus 2231:'s death in 444, an aged 2181:in 544. Through the 1994 1813: 1609:The four fasting periods: 1490:Eastern Orthodox marriage 1098:Other important councils: 954:American World Patriarchs 872:Great Britain and Ireland 350:against the teachings of 225: 212: 194:Second Council of Ephesus 188: 180: 148: 131: 119: 107: 63: 55: 37: 32: 18:Fourth Ecumenical Council 11457:Mary of the Divine Heart 11080:Clash against the empire 11032:Second Council of Nicaea 10926:Old St. Peter's Basilica 10318:Communion and Liberation 9782:Eastern Catholic liturgy 8947:Mystici Corporis Christi 8875:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 8236:Christian existentialism 6637:Anti-Christian sentiment 5817:Christian biblical canon 5276:Oriental Orthodox Church 4873:Price, Richard (2009b). 4850:Price, Richard (2009a). 4694:Hefele, Charles Joseph. 4672:Gwynn, David M. (2009). 3846:, Father Menassa Yuhanna 3611:McGuckin, John Anthony. 3137: 3132:Pamphilus the Theologian 2477:First Council of Ephesus 2274:, a sort of reversal of 2211:First Council of Ephesus 1652:Athanasius of Alexandria 902:United States of America 694:Czech Lands and Slovakia 516:Four Marks of the Church 358:. Such doctrines viewed 200:, the definition of the 47:, 1876 painting by 11776:Schisms in Christianity 11723:Vatican City portal 11075:Investiture Controversy 10931:First Council of Nicaea 9133:Philosophy of canon law 9063:Mariology of the saints 8643:Investiture Controversy 6743:History of Christianity 6691:Christianity portal 5850:Investiture Controversy 5451:Synod of Constantinople 5232:Eastern Orthodox Church 4929:, (London, SPCK, 1953). 3821:John Romanides (1964). 3805:sourcebooks.fordham.edu 3632:Hughes, Philip (1954). 3562:Encyclopedia Britannica 3494:"Chalcedon, Council of" 3309:Encyclopedia Britannica 3162:Synodos tēs Chalkēdonos 3097:Eastern Orthodox Church 2902:metropolitan of Antioch 2890:The status of Jerusalem 2866:hos oikeia te kai phila 2865: 2681:) and one Subsistence ( 2643:Chalcedonian Definition 2637:Confession of Chalcedon 2603:Chalcedonian Definition 2450:Bishops Paschasinus of 2405:Convocation and session 2195:First Council of Nicaea 2155:St. Cyril of Alexandria 2147:Creed of Constantinople 1902:Constantinople II (553) 1485:Eastern Orthodox bowing 386:Eastern Orthodox Church 309:Concilium Chalcedonense 198:Dioscorus of Alexandria 75:Eastern Orthodox Church 11801:Nature of Jesus Christ 11735:Catholicism portal 11546:Second Vatican Council 11432:Our Lady of La Salette 11239:Protestant Reformation 11226:Protestant Reformation 11145:Second Council of Lyon 10534:Ecclesiastical history 10386:Catholic Charities USA 10020:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 10008:Vatican Polyglot Press 9058:Mariology of the popes 8696:Protestant Reformation 8304:Fourth Great Awakening 8191:Second Great Awakening 7430:Fall of Constantinople 7222:Development of primacy 6642:Christian universalism 6033:Western Rite Orthodoxy 5878:Protestant Reformation 4708:Early Christian Creeds 4167:Migne, Jacquies Paul, 3659:. Ccel.org. 2005-06-01 3156:Σύνοδος τῆς Χαλκηδόνος 3082:Oriental Orthodox view 3020:Coptic Orthodox Church 2969: 2920:was created in 531 by 2846: 2695: 2671: 2655: 2626:aequalibus privilegiis 2625: 2539: 2418: 2325:Latrocinium of Ephesus 2227:About two years after 2132:Chalcedon, the Ominous 2112: 2031:Catholicism portal 1876:Constantinople I (381) 1762:Eastern Orthodox cross 927:Spiritual Christianity 308: 11442:First Vatican Council 11140:First Council of Lyon 10904:Constantine the Great 10600:Christian monasticism 10140:Good Shepherd Sisters 9982:Holy See Press Office 9220:Doctors of the Church 9053:Immaculate Conception 9008:Anointing of the Sick 8543:History of the papacy 8299:Reformed epistemology 8241:Third Great Awakening 8211:Seventh-day Adventist 8132:First Great Awakening 8005:Book of Common Prayer 7799:Protestant work ethic 7342:Independent Catholics 7293:Monastery dissolution 6300:Anointing of the Sick 4571:Catholic Encyclopedia 4416:Butler, Alfred Joshua 4064:. Doubleday. p. 3018:, today known as the 2992:Further information: 2958: 2660: 2650: 2615:See of Constantinople 2537: 2520:hypostatically joined 2465:Karl Josef von Hefele 2412: 2358:On August 8, 449 the 2351:letter, now known as 2318:John Anthony McGuckin 2217:Eutychian controversy 2104: 1772:Statistics by country 1697:Maximus the Confessor 1125:Constantinople (1872) 11619:Sexual abuse scandal 11528:Mit brennender Sorge 11371:Age of Enlightenment 11150:Bernard of Clairvaux 11027:Byzantine Iconoclasm 10966:Council of Chalcedon 10746:Council of Jerusalem 10615:Role in civilization 10595:Religious institutes 10527:By country or region 10013:L'Osservatore Romano 9951:Role in civilisation 9677:Croatian and Serbian 9425:Episcopal conference 9387:St. Peter's Basilica 8745:Sexual abuse scandal 8701:Catholic Reformation 8122:Edicts of toleration 7931:Three Forms of Unity 7696:Bohemian Reformation 7269:Catholic Reformation 7126:Roman state religion 6945:Council of Jerusalem 6621:Nondenominationalism 6494:Role in civilization 5961:Independent Catholic 5903:Relations with Islam 5883:Catholic Reformation 5467:Pan-Orthodox Council 4967:Council of Chalcedon 4922:(London: SPCK, 1940) 4633:. Farnham: Ashgate. 4122:Earlychurchtexts.com 4094:Western Civilization 3974:"Ecumenical Council" 3865:www.copticchurch.net 3072:Church of Alexandria 2916:, when the title of 2620:τῶν ἴσων ἀπολαύουσαν 2544:dogmatic definitions 2439:, to marry Marcian. 2415:Ferapontov Monastery 2139:statements of belief 2094:class=notpageimage| 2015:Vatican II (1962–65) 1707:Theodore the Studite 1672:Gregory of Nazianzus 1530:Russian bell ringing 1455:Liturgical entrances 1265:Essence vs. Energies 1260:Contemplative prayer 1013:Evangelical Orthodox 835:Episcopal assemblies 558:Ecumenical Patriarch 511:Apostolic succession 236:Council of Chalcedon 143:Eastern Roman Empire 33:Council of Chalcedon 11447:Papal infallibility 11437:Our Lady of Lourdes 11386:Shimabara Rebellion 11230:Counter-Reformation 10348:Neocatechumenal Way 10313:Charismatic Renewal 10027:Annuario Pontificio 9625:Particular churches 9301:Ecumenical councils 9073:Perpetual virginity 8908:Communitas perfecta 8852:Sermon on the Mount 8294:Liberation theology 8201:Jehovah's Witnesses 8034:Radical Reformation 7762:Resistance theories 7649:Christian mysticism 7644:Early Scholasticism 7356:Ecclesial community 7254:Counter-Reformation 7119:Constantinian shift 6667:Unlimited atonement 6652:Cultural Christians 6091:Jehovah's Witnesses 5713:Sermon on the Mount 5642:Christian tradition 5569:Lists of Christians 5364:Synod of Beth Lapat 5018:Ecumenical councils 4221:The Orthodox Church 4210:To Leo, Epistle 132 4184:Kelly, Art (2004). 4004:, pp. 167–178. 3254:, pp. 287–289. 2994:Non-Chalcedonianism 2707:Cyril of Alexandria 2653:Nuremberg Chronicle 2494:St. John Chrysostom 2229:Cyril of Alexandria 2010:Vatican I (1869–70) 2002:19th–20th centuries 1989:Lateran V (1512–17) 1979:Constance (1414–18) 1971:15th–16th centuries 1925:12th–14th centuries 1840:Ecumenical councils 1717:Cyril and Methodius 1687:Cyril of Alexandria 1574:Liturgical calendar 1390:Liturgy and worship 1026:Ecumenical councils 429:History of theology 85:Old Catholic Church 11781:Theodosian dynasty 11771:Oriental Orthodoxy 11492:Our Lady of Fátima 11281:Ignatius of Loyola 11205:Catherine of Siena 11173:Pope Boniface VIII 10992:Benedict of Nursia 10961:Council of Ephesus 10798:Ante-Nicene period 10751:Split with Judaism 10585:Crusading movement 10185:Premonstratensians 8568:Ante-Nicene period 8446:Lists of Catholics 8368:Oriental Orthodoxy 8011:King James Version 7823:Ninety-five Theses 7619:Apostolic Brethren 7393:Church of the East 7388:Oriental Orthodoxy 7234:Crusading movement 6754:Early Christianity 6512:Crusading movement 5780:Ante-Nicene period 5443:Synod of Jerusalem 5356:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 5331:Church of the East 5075:Constantinople III 4765:Meyendorff, John, 4039:2017-08-05 at the 4032:Schwerin, Philip, 3224:, p. 287-289. 3076:primus inter pares 3068:Oriental Orthodoxy 3054:Abraham of Farshut 2699:Council of Ephesus 2669: – 2656: 2540: 2419: 2343:which was held in 2171:Church of the East 2163:Tome of Pope Leo I 2153:), two letters of 1943:Lateran III (1179) 1667:Cyril of Jerusalem 1597:Feast of Orthodoxy 892:Spain and Portugal 400:Christ Pantocrator 348:Council of Ephesus 313:ecumenical council 219:Chalcedonian Creed 114:Council of Ephesus 90:Anglican Communion 80:Church of the East 11743: 11742: 11703:COVID-19 pandemic 11681:Pope Benedict XVI 11586:Pope John Paul II 11361:Pope Benedict XIV 11347:French Revolution 11331:Thirty Years' War 11321:Robert Bellarmine 11306:John of the Cross 11210:Pope Alexander VI 11195:Council of Vienne 11125:Francis of Assisi 11115:Pope Innocent III 10984:Early Middle Ages 10978: 10977: 10974: 10973: 10916:Arian controversy 10869: 10868: 10817:Apostolic Fathers 10468: 10467: 9878: 9877: 9271: 9094: 9093: 8786: 8763: 8762: 8755:COVID-19 pandemic 8725:French Revolution 8715:Thirty Years' War 8623:Islamic conquests 8536:Apostolic fathers 8471: 8386: 8385: 8363:Eastern Orthodoxy 8231:Finnish Awakening 8186:Holiness movement 8127:Congregationalism 8086: 8085: 7946:Metrical psalters 7383:Eastern Orthodoxy 7327:Neo-Scholasticism 7034:Canon development 6935:Jewish Christians 6709: 6708: 6675: 6674: 6603:Charta Oecumenica 6113: 6112: 6103:Iglesia ni Cristo 5918: 5917: 5898:French Revolution 5888:Thirty Years' War 5760:Apostolic fathers 5728:Great Commandment 5499: 5498: 5427:Quinisext Council 5328:Recognized by the 5273:Recognized by the 5250:Constantinople IV 5228:Recognized by the 5113:Constantinople IV 5095:Recognized by the 5067:Constantinople II 4789:978-0-88-141056-3 4703:Kelly, John N. D. 4649:Grillmeier, Aloys 4598:978-1-889758-88-6 4219:Ware, Kallistos, 4174:, 1038 & 1143 4170:Patrologia Latina 4149:www.newadvent.org 3412:978-0-226-65370-9 3333:www.newadvent.org 3281:978-1-84631-100-0 2856:Quinisext Council 2629:in Latin) to the 2126:from the rest of 2120:Oriental Orthodox 2065: 2064: 1948:Lateran IV (1215) 1938:Lateran II (1139) 1894:6th–9th centuries 1863:4th–5th centuries 1811: 1810: 1662:Basil of Caesarea 1657:Ephrem the Syrian 1540:Sign of the cross 1515:Paschal troparion 1295:Mystical theology 1105:Quinisext Council 806:Semi-Autonomous: 451:View of salvation 311:) was the fourth 232: 231: 206:manhood of Christ 16:(Redirected from 11808: 11733: 11732: 11721: 11720: 11719: 11698:Patriarch Kirill 11571:Pope John Paul I 11376:Anti-clericalism 11356:Pope Innocent XI 11276:Society of Jesus 11261:Council of Trent 11215:Age of Discovery 11160:Late Middle Ages 11062:High Middle Ages 11052:East–West Schism 10936:Pope Sylvester I 10882: 10881: 10871: 10870: 10781:General epistles 10776:Pauline epistles 10709:John the Baptist 10692:Great Commission 10654: 10653: 10605:Catholic culture 10495: 10488: 10481: 10472: 10471: 10458: 10457: 10448: 10447: 10190:Redemptoristines 10038:Religious orders 9964:Anti-Catholicism 9914:Church buildings 9774:Catholic liturgy 9514:Consecrated life 9372:Apostolic Palace 9339:Synod of Bishops 9275: 9274: 9251: 8857:Ten Commandments 8790: 8789: 8772: 8673:Age of Discovery 8507:Great Commission 8475: 8474: 8459: 8413: 8406: 8399: 8390: 8389: 7805: 7804: 7192:Non-Chalcedonian 7173:Constantinople I 6965:General epistles 6960:Pauline epistles 6940:Paul the Apostle 6918:Great Commission 6736: 6729: 6722: 6713: 6712: 6699: 6698: 6689: 6688: 6532:Environmentalism 6482:Church buildings 6384: 6383: 6199:Eastern Orthodox 6194:Eastern Catholic 6106: 6105: 6073:Eastern Catholic 6051:Eastern Orthodox 5939: 5938: 5860:Age of Discovery 5845:East–West Schism 5743:Great Commission 5674: 5673: 5526: 5519: 5512: 5503: 5502: 5490: 5487: 5470: 5462: 5454: 5446: 5438: 5430: 5422: 5406: 5394: 5367: 5359: 5351: 5348:Constantinople I 5343: 5320: 5312: 5304: 5296: 5293:Constantinople I 5288: 5265: 5261:Constantinople V 5255: 5244: 5234: 5220: 5212: 5204: 5196: 5188: 5180: 5172: 5164: 5156: 5148: 5140: 5132: 5124: 5116: 5108: 5086: 5078: 5070: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5043:Constantinople I 5038: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4988: 4987: 4955: 4915: 4892: 4869: 4846: 4835: 4814: 4793: 4774:Meyendorff, John 4762: 4753:Meyendorff, John 4748: 4722: 4691: 4668: 4644: 4623: 4575: 4561: 4560: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4548: 4542: 4535: 4527: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4514: 4504: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4472: 4466: 4465: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4432: 4426: 4425: 4412: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4375: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4361: 4352:. 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Vol. 45. 3261: 3255: 3249: 3240: 3239: 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3204: 3188: 3181: 3175: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3148: 2966: 2965: 2868: 2849: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2556:Western Churches 2548:Eastern Orthodox 2437:magister militum 2388:Lateran Basilica 2203:Arian contention 2080: 2079: 2073: 2057: 2050: 2043: 2029: 2028: 1963:Vienne (1311–12) 1933:Lateran I (1123) 1855: 1825: 1818: 1817: 1803: 1796: 1789: 1702:John of Damascus 1677:Gregory of Nyssa 1505:Paschal greeting 1470:Memorial service 1280:Hypostatic union 1157:Byzantine Empire 942:Old Calendarists 563:Episcopal polity 506:Christian Church 396: 373: 372: 302: 301: 298: 297: 294: 291: 288: 285: 282: 279: 276: 273: 268: 267: 264: 261: 258: 255: 252: 249: 246: 132:Convoked by 109:Previous council 64:Accepted by 42: 30: 29: 21: 11816: 11815: 11811: 11810: 11809: 11807: 11806: 11805: 11746: 11745: 11744: 11739: 11727: 11717: 11715: 11707: 11629:World Youth Day 11607: 11596:World Youth Day 11540:Pacem in terris 11534:Pope John XXIII 11473: 11400: 11391:Edict of Nantes 11349: 11345: 11335: 11301:Teresa of Ávila 11296:Tridentine Mass 11232: 11228: 11219: 11200:Knights Templar 11154: 11056: 11012:Gregorian chant 10970: 10896: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10877: 10865: 10792: 10661: 10649: 10641: 10508: 10506:Catholic Church 10499: 10469: 10464: 10442: 10434: 10413: 10396:Relief Services 10362: 10308:Catholic Action 10298:Military orders 10235:Confraternities 10227:of the faithful 10226: 10219: 10041: 10032: 9968: 9874: 9768: 9627: 9619: 9552:Prior, Prioress 9508: 9401: 9397:Vatican Museums 9348: 9281: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9255: 9250: 9244: 9169: 9123:Social teaching 9090: 9029: 8974: 8929:One true church 8893: 8870:Sixtine Vulgate 8866:Official Bible 8780: 8776: 8771: 8759: 8677: 8609: 8554: 8524:Petrine primacy 8467: 8463: 8458: 8450: 8422: 8420:Catholic Church 8417: 8387: 8382: 8332: 8319:Christian right 8221:Oxford Movement 8196:Restorationists 8167: 8082: 8015: 7950: 7901:Presbyterianism 7872: 7852:Book of Concord 7803: 7727: 7725: 7717: 7484: 7374: 7367: 7203: 7102: 7094: 7053:Clement of Rome 6983: 6976: 6880: 6874: 6763: 6745: 6740: 6710: 6705: 6683: 6671: 6625: 6580: 6498: 6379: 6373: 6328: 6253:One true church 6109: 6077: 6037: 5926: 5914: 5864: 5821: 5766: 5693:in Christianity 5679: 5665: 5659: 5651: 5610: 5586: 5578: 5535: 5530: 5500: 5495: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5473: 5465: 5457: 5449: 5441: 5433: 5425: 5409: 5397: 5381: 5370: 5362: 5354: 5346: 5338: 5329: 5323: 5315: 5307: 5299: 5291: 5283: 5274: 5268: 5258: 5247: 5240: 5230: 5229: 5223: 5215: 5207: 5199: 5191: 5183: 5175: 5167: 5159: 5151: 5143: 5135: 5127: 5119: 5111: 5104: 5097:Catholic Church 5096: 5089: 5081: 5073: 5065: 5057: 5049: 5041: 5033: 5020: 5015: 4963: 4958: 4952: 4934:Whitby, Michael 4925:Sellers, R.V., 4918:Sellers, R.V., 4912: 4889: 4866: 4832: 4811: 4790: 4745: 4719: 4688: 4665: 4641: 4581: 4558: 4555: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4521: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4498: 4489: 4487: 4474: 4473: 4469: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4433: 4429: 4413: 4409: 4401: 4397: 4387: 4385: 4377: 4376: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4330: 4326: 4318: 4314: 4305: 4303: 4294: 4293: 4289: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4231: 4227: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4205: 4197: 4193: 4182: 4178: 4166: 4162: 4153: 4151: 4143: 4142: 4135: 4126: 4124: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4090: 4083: 4076: 4054: 4047: 4041:Wayback Machine 4031: 4027: 4015: 4008: 4002:Meyendorff 1989 4000: 3996: 3987: 3985: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3938: 3934: 3925: 3923: 3915: 3914: 3910: 3901: 3899: 3891: 3890: 3886: 3877: 3875: 3871: 3860: 3854: 3850: 3842: 3838: 3819: 3812: 3799: 3798: 3789: 3781: 3777: 3768: 3766: 3757: 3756: 3749: 3740: 3736: 3727: 3725: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3703: 3699: 3689:Frend, W. H. C. 3687: 3683: 3675: 3671: 3662: 3660: 3655: 3654: 3641: 3630: 3626: 3610: 3606: 3598: 3591: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3556: 3555: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3523: 3519: 3510: 3508: 3492: 3491: 3487: 3478: 3476: 3468: 3467: 3460: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3397: 3393: 3350: 3346: 3337: 3335: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3313: 3311: 3303: 3302: 3293: 3282: 3262: 3258: 3252:Meyendorff 1989 3250: 3243: 3232: 3228: 3222:Meyendorff 1989 3220: 3216: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3191: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3168: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3128: 3093: 3084: 3010:broke off from 2996: 2990: 2934: 2898: 2892: 2887: 2833:Constantinople. 2765:Constantinople. 2723: 2645: 2639: 2599: 2532: 2407: 2333: 2327: 2225: 2219: 2191: 2173:may be called " 2143:Creed of Nicaea 2100: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2081: 2061: 2023: 1994:Trent (1545–63) 1912:Nicaea II (787) 1886:Chalcedon (451) 1858: 1845:Catholic Church 1842: 1816: 1807: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1741: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1727:Gregory Palamas 1682:John Chrysostom 1646: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1606: 1586:12 Great Feasts 1576: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1460:Liturgical fans 1402:Divine Services 1392: 1382: 1381: 1363: 1228: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1141: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1095: 1076: 1028: 1018: 1017: 1009: 958: 937:Catacomb Church 916: 908: 907: 906: 877:Italy and Malta 836: 828: 827: 826: 804: 795:Bessarabia (RP) 759: 748: 747: 746: 744: 742: 719: 703: 699:North Macedonia 622: 611: 610: 609: 537: 527: 526: 525: 494: 491: 476: 468: 406: 270: 243: 239: 215: 122: 110: 70:Catholic Church 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11814: 11804: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11737: 11725: 11712: 11709: 11708: 11706: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11677: 11676: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11626: 11621: 11615: 11613: 11609: 11608: 11606: 11605: 11604: 11603: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11536: 11531: 11524: 11519: 11517:Lateran Treaty 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11483: 11481: 11475: 11474: 11472: 11471: 11464: 11459: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11408: 11406: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11352: 11350: 11342:Baroque period 11340: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11311:Peter Canisius 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11286:Francis Xavier 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11250:Exsurge Domine 11246: 11241: 11235: 11233: 11224: 11221: 11220: 11218: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11190:Pope Clement V 11187: 11186: 11185: 11183:Avignon Papacy 11178:Western Schism 11175: 11170: 11168:Thomas Aquinas 11164: 11162: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11082: 11077: 11072: 11066: 11064: 11058: 11057: 11055: 11054: 11049: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11024: 11022:Saint Boniface 11019: 11014: 11009: 11007:Pope Gregory I 11004: 10999: 10994: 10988: 10986: 10980: 10979: 10976: 10975: 10972: 10971: 10969: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10946:Biblical canon 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10912: 10911: 10900: 10898: 10879: 10875:Late antiquity 10867: 10866: 10864: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10842: 10841: 10836: 10835: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10822:Pope Clement I 10812:Church Fathers 10809: 10803: 10801: 10794: 10793: 10791: 10790: 10789: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10737: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10695: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10668: 10666: 10651: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10618: 10617: 10612: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10581: 10580: 10575: 10573:Biblical canon 10568:Catholic Bible 10565: 10564: 10563: 10553: 10552: 10551: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10530: 10529: 10518: 10516: 10510: 10509: 10498: 10497: 10490: 10483: 10475: 10466: 10465: 10463: 10462: 10452: 10439: 10436: 10435: 10433: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10414: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10372: 10370: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10343:Legion of Mary 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10294: 10293: 10292: 10291: 10281: 10280: 10279: 10272:Lay Carmelites 10269: 10259: 10258: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10231: 10229: 10221: 10220: 10218: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10120:Conceptionists 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10055:Assumptionists 10051: 10049: 10034: 10033: 10031: 10030: 10023: 10016: 10009: 10006: 10005: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9984: 9978: 9976: 9970: 9969: 9967: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9922: 9921: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9900: 9899: 9888: 9886: 9880: 9879: 9876: 9875: 9873: 9872: 9871: 9870: 9869: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9853: 9843: 9838: 9833: 9823: 9822: 9821: 9820: 9819: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9778: 9776: 9770: 9769: 9767: 9766: 9765: 9764: 9759: 9757:Syro-Malankara 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9707:Italo-Albanian 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9639: 9633: 9631: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9617: 9616: 9615: 9610: 9605: 9595: 9590: 9589: 9588: 9578: 9577: 9576: 9571: 9561: 9556: 9555: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9525: 9518: 9516: 9510: 9509: 9507: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9490: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9434: 9433: 9432: 9427: 9416: 9414: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9377:Lateran Treaty 9374: 9369: 9364: 9358: 9356: 9350: 9349: 9347: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9335: 9334: 9324: 9323: 9322: 9317: 9303: 9298: 9289: 9287: 9272: 9246: 9245: 9243: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9196: 9195: 9190: 9179: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9167: 9166: 9165: 9160: 9150: 9149: 9148: 9138: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9113:Moral theology 9110: 9104: 9102: 9096: 9095: 9092: 9091: 9089: 9088: 9083: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9039: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9016: 9015: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8984: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8973: 8972: 8967: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8943: 8938: 8937: 8936: 8931: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8903: 8901: 8895: 8894: 8892: 8891: 8886: 8885: 8884: 8877: 8872: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8813: 8812: 8807: 8796: 8794: 8787: 8765: 8764: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8711: 8710: 8709: 8708: 8698: 8687: 8685: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8628:Pope Gregory I 8625: 8619: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8607: 8602: 8600:Biblical canon 8597: 8595:Late antiquity 8592: 8591: 8590: 8585: 8575: 8570: 8564: 8562: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8552: 8551: 8550: 8540: 8539: 8538: 8531:Church fathers 8528: 8527: 8526: 8521: 8511: 8510: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8483: 8481: 8472: 8465:Ecclesiastical 8452: 8451: 8449: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8427: 8424: 8423: 8416: 8415: 8408: 8401: 8393: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8354: 8353: 8348: 8337: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8330: 8325: 8316: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8284:Pentecostalism 8281: 8279:Jesus movement 8276: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8177: 8175: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8165: 8156: 8155: 8154: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8118: 8117: 8107: 8102: 8096: 8094: 8088: 8087: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8073: 8070:Martyrs Mirror 8066: 8061: 8056: 8054:Martyrs' Synod 8051: 8046: 8044:Swiss Brethren 8041: 8036: 8031: 8025: 8023: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8008: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7960: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7882: 7880: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7848: 7843: 7842: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7813: 7811: 7802: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7789:Law and Gospel 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7733: 7731: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7713: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7540: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7494: 7492: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7470:Ottoman Empire 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7421: 7420: 7415: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7379: 7377: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7359: 7358: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7284: 7283: 7282: 7281: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7230: 7229: 7224: 7213: 7211: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7199:Biblical canon 7196: 7195: 7194: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7122: 7121: 7110: 7108: 7100:Late antiquity 7096: 7095: 7093: 7092: 7087: 7086: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7048:Church Fathers 7041: 7036: 7031: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6988: 6986: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6890: 6884: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6764: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6750: 6747: 6746: 6739: 6738: 6731: 6724: 6716: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6693: 6680: 6677: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6633: 6631: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6594: 6588: 6586: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6549: 6544: 6542:Fundamentalism 6539: 6537:Existentialism 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6508: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6496: 6491: 6490: 6489: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6430: 6428:God the Father 6425: 6420: 6415: 6405: 6404: 6403: 6392: 6390: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6372: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6349: 6344: 6338: 6336: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6314: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6267: 6266: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6248:Body of Christ 6245: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6224: 6223: 6213: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6123: 6121: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6098: 6093: 6087: 6085: 6083:Restorationist 6079: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6047: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5947: 5945: 5936: 5920: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5874: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5831: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5802: 5792: 5787: 5785:Late antiquity 5782: 5776: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5763: 5762: 5755:Church fathers 5752: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5684: 5682: 5671: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5592: 5590: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5529: 5528: 5521: 5514: 5506: 5497: 5496: 5492: 5491: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5471: 5463: 5455: 5447: 5439: 5435:Synod of Jassy 5431: 5423: 5407: 5395: 5378: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5360: 5352: 5344: 5335: 5333: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5313: 5305: 5297: 5289: 5280: 5278: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5256: 5245: 5237: 5235: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5221: 5213: 5205: 5197: 5189: 5185:Basel-Florence 5181: 5173: 5165: 5157: 5149: 5141: 5133: 5125: 5117: 5109: 5101: 5099: 5091: 5090: 5088: 5087: 5079: 5071: 5063: 5055: 5047: 5039: 5030: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5014: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4977:Orthodox Unity 4974: 4969: 4962: 4961:External links 4959: 4957: 4956: 4950: 4930: 4923: 4916: 4910: 4893: 4887: 4870: 4864: 4847: 4836: 4830: 4815: 4809: 4794: 4788: 4770: 4763: 4749: 4743: 4723: 4717: 4699: 4692: 4686: 4669: 4663: 4645: 4639: 4624: 4622:. Vol. 2. 4610: 4603: 4588:, translator, 4586:Edward Walford 4582: 4580: 4577: 4554: 4553: 4519: 4496: 4467: 4452: 4445: 4427: 4407: 4405:, p. 249. 4395: 4367: 4337: 4324: 4312: 4287: 4274: 4255: 4237: 4225: 4212: 4203: 4191: 4176: 4160: 4133: 4109: 4102: 4081: 4074: 4045: 4025: 4006: 3994: 3965: 3952: 3932: 3908: 3884: 3867:. p. 71. 3848: 3836: 3810: 3787: 3775: 3763:Britannica.com 3747: 3734: 3709: 3697: 3681: 3669: 3639: 3624: 3604: 3589: 3567: 3544: 3532: 3517: 3485: 3458: 3445: 3425: 3411: 3391: 3364:(2): 399–437. 3358:Church History 3344: 3320: 3291: 3288:on 2023-12-25. 3280: 3274:. p. 42. 3256: 3241: 3226: 3214: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3176: 3166: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3134: 3127: 3124: 3092: 3089: 3083: 3080: 3043:Arab invasions 2989: 2986: 2938:Bishop of Rome 2933: 2930: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2741:anathematized. 2738: 2733:of which are: 2729:, the Ancient 2722: 2719: 2703:Creed of Nicea 2641:Main article: 2638: 2635: 2598: 2595: 2531: 2528: 2406: 2403: 2329:Main article: 2326: 2323: 2280:consubstantial 2221:Main article: 2218: 2215: 2209:(381) and the 2199:consubstantial 2190: 2187: 2116:Christological 2092: 2091: 2083: 2082: 2075: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2060: 2059: 2052: 2045: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1960: 1958:Lyon II (1274) 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1896: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1871:Nicaea I (325) 1865: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1848: 1847: 1836: 1835: 1827: 1826: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1805: 1798: 1791: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1669: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1628: 1626:Apostles' Fast 1623: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1588: 1583: 1577: 1572: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1560:Use of incense 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1510:Paschal Homily 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1475:Memory Eternal 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1397:Divine Liturgy 1393: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1362: 1361: 1354: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1229: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1194: 1189: 1187:Ottoman Empire 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1147:Church Fathers 1143: 1142: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 967: 966: 965: 957: 956: 951: 946: 945: 944: 939: 932:True Orthodoxy 929: 924: 918: 917: 914: 913: 910: 909: 905: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 838: 837: 834: 833: 830: 829: 825: 824: 819: 814: 808: 803: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 761: 760: 754: 753: 750: 749: 741: 740: 734: 730: 729: 723: 718: 717: 711: 702: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 629:Constantinople 625: 623: 617: 616: 613: 612: 608: 607: 602: 601: 600: 590: 585: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 539: 538: 533: 532: 529: 528: 524: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 497: 496: 495: 480: 477: 474: 473: 470: 469: 467: 466: 461: 454: 447: 445:Holy Mysteries 442: 440:Church history 437: 432: 422: 416: 413: 412: 408: 407: 397: 389: 388: 382: 381: 230: 229: 223: 222: 216: 213: 210: 209: 190: 186: 185: 182: 178: 177: 176: 175: 165: 150: 146: 145: 133: 129: 128: 123: 120: 117: 116: 111: 108: 105: 104: 103: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 65: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 49:Vasily Surikov 43: 35: 34: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11813: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11736: 11731: 11726: 11724: 11714: 11713: 11710: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11693: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11631: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11616: 11614: 11610: 11602: 11599: 11598: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11576:Mother Teresa 11574: 11572: 11569: 11566: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11541: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11529: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11502:Pope Pius XII 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11476: 11470: 11469: 11468:Rerum novarum 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11452:Pope Leo XIII 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11422:United States 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11412:Pope Pius VII 11410: 11409: 11407: 11403: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11251: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11227: 11222: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11184: 11181: 11180: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11165: 11163: 11161: 11157: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11095:Scholasticism 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11073: 11071: 11070:Pope Urban II 11068: 11067: 11065: 11063: 11059: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11045: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10989: 10987: 10985: 10981: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10910: 10907: 10906: 10905: 10902: 10901: 10899: 10895: 10887: 10883: 10880: 10876: 10872: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10846:Justin Martyr 10844: 10840: 10837: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10819: 10818: 10815: 10814: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10795: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10758: 10757: 10756:New Testament 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10719:Commissioning 10717: 10716: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10674: 10673: 10670: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10663:Apostolic Age 10659: 10655: 10652: 10648: 10644: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10607: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10566: 10562: 10559: 10558: 10557: 10554: 10550: 10549:Papal primacy 10547: 10546: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10528: 10525: 10524: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10517: 10515: 10511: 10507: 10503: 10496: 10491: 10489: 10484: 10482: 10477: 10476: 10473: 10461: 10453: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10440: 10437: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10415: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10391:Home Missions 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10365: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10290: 10287: 10286: 10285: 10284:Saint Francis 10282: 10278: 10275: 10274: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10267:Saint Dominic 10265: 10264: 10263: 10260: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10237: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10228: 10222: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10080:Bethlehemites 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10052: 10050: 10048: 10044: 10039: 10035: 10029: 10028: 10024: 10022: 10021: 10017: 10015: 10014: 10010: 10007: 10003: 10002:Vatican Radio 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9989: 9988: 9987:Vatican Media 9985: 9983: 9980: 9979: 9977: 9975: 9971: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9920: 9917: 9916: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9898: 9895: 9894: 9893: 9890: 9889: 9887: 9885: 9881: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9848: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9828: 9827: 9824: 9818: 9815: 9814: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9784: 9783: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9771: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9644: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9626: 9622: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9600: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9587: 9584: 9583: 9582: 9579: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9566: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9529: 9526: 9523: 9520: 9519: 9517: 9515: 9511: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9439: 9438: 9435: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9422: 9421: 9418: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9351: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9333: 9330: 9329: 9328: 9325: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9312: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9284:List of popes 9280: 9276: 9273: 9270: 9266: 9262: 9258: 9254: 9247: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9185: 9184: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9176: 9172: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9155: 9154: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9143: 9142: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9105: 9103: 9101: 9097: 9087: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9068:Mother of God 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9032: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9014: 9011: 9010: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8981: 8977: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8965: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8953:People of God 8951: 8949: 8948: 8944: 8942: 8941:Infallibility 8939: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8909: 8905: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8896: 8890: 8887: 8883: 8882: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8817:Body and soul 8815: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8802: 8801: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8791: 8788: 8785: 8784: 8779: 8775: 8770: 8766: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8720:Enlightenment 8718: 8716: 8713: 8707: 8704: 8703: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8692: 8691:Protestantism 8689: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8680: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8668:Scholasticism 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8653:Schism (1378) 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8638:Schism (1054) 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8616: 8612: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8580: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8561: 8557: 8549: 8546: 8545: 8544: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8533: 8532: 8529: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8515: 8512: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8489: 8488: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8480: 8476: 8473: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8457: 8453: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8428: 8425: 8421: 8414: 8409: 8407: 8402: 8400: 8395: 8394: 8391: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8373:Protestantism 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8342: 8339: 8338: 8335: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8320: 8317: 8314: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8274: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8246:Azusa Revival 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8226:Laestadianism 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8170: 8164: 8163:Old Lutherans 8160: 8157: 8153: 8150: 8149: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8116: 8113: 8112: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8089: 8079: 8078: 8074: 8072: 8071: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8018: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8006: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7953: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7853: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7829:Diet of Worms 7827: 7825: 7824: 7820: 7819: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7806: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7729:Protestantism 7724: 7720: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7549: 7548: 7545: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7515: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7487: 7481: 7480:North America 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7410: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7376: 7370: 7364: 7361: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7206: 7200: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7186: 7185: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7120: 7117: 7116: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7101: 7097: 7091: 7090:Early African 7088: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7073:Justin Martyr 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7049: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6994: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6985: 6979: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6893:Life of Jesus 6891: 6889: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881:Apostolic Age 6877: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6766: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6751: 6748: 6744: 6737: 6732: 6730: 6725: 6723: 6718: 6717: 6714: 6702: 6694: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6681: 6678: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6628: 6622: 6619: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6600: 6599: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6583: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6501: 6495: 6492: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6477:Popular piety 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6446: 6443: 6442: 6441: 6438: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6410: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6385: 6382: 6376: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6335: 6331: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6271: 6268: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6258:People of God 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6240: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6186: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6116: 6104: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5930: 5925: 5924:Denominations 5921: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5893:Enlightenment 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5824: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5761: 5758: 5757: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5663: 5658: 5654: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5607: 5606:New Testament 5604: 5602: 5601:Old Testament 5599: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5527: 5522: 5520: 5515: 5513: 5508: 5507: 5504: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5326: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5277: 5271: 5263: 5262: 5257: 5253: 5251: 5246: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5226: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5092: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5012: 5007: 5005: 5000: 4998: 4993: 4992: 4989: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4953: 4951:9781846316487 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4911:9781846316487 4907: 4903: 4899: 4894: 4890: 4888:9781846316487 4884: 4880: 4876: 4871: 4867: 4865:9781846316487 4861: 4857: 4853: 4848: 4844: 4843: 4837: 4833: 4831:9780853230397 4827: 4823: 4822: 4816: 4812: 4810:9780853230397 4806: 4802: 4801: 4795: 4791: 4785: 4781: 4780: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4744:9781846316487 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4727:Louth, Andrew 4724: 4720: 4718:9780826492166 4714: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4687:9781846316487 4683: 4679: 4675: 4670: 4666: 4664:9780664223014 4660: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4640:9780754662914 4636: 4632: 4631: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4615: 4614:Bury, John B. 4611: 4608: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4565: 4564:public domain 4539: 4532: 4526: 4524: 4509: 4503: 4501: 4486:on 2013-12-30 4485: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4463: 4456: 4448: 4446:9780191061677 4442: 4438: 4431: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4411: 4404: 4399: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4356:on 2011-12-20 4355: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4334: 4328: 4321: 4316: 4302:on 2013-01-10 4301: 4297: 4291: 4277: 4271: 4267: 4266: 4259: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4234: 4229: 4222: 4216: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4187: 4180: 4173: 4171: 4164: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4138: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4105: 4103:0-618-43277-9 4099: 4095: 4088: 4086: 4077: 4075:0-385-50584-1 4071: 4067: 4062: 4061: 4052: 4050: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4011: 4003: 3998: 3984:on 2014-10-15 3983: 3979: 3975: 3969: 3955: 3953:0-89869-211-3 3949: 3945: 3944: 3936: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3870: 3866: 3859: 3852: 3845: 3840: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3817: 3815: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3784: 3779: 3764: 3760: 3754: 3752: 3744: 3738: 3724:on 2010-06-13 3723: 3719: 3713: 3706: 3701: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3678: 3673: 3658: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3635: 3628: 3622: 3621:9789004099906 3618: 3614: 3608: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3586: 3582: 3581:public domain 3571: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3541: 3536: 3528: 3521: 3507: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3489: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3463: 3448: 3446:0-85323-039-0 3442: 3438: 3437: 3429: 3414: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3395: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3334: 3330: 3324: 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627: 626: 621:jurisdictions 620: 619:Autocephalous 615: 614: 606: 603: 599: 596: 595: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 574: 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 540: 536: 531: 530: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 493: 487: 483: 479: 478: 472: 471: 465: 464:View of icons 462: 460: 459: 455: 453: 452: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 430: 426: 423: 421: 418: 417: 415: 414: 410: 409: 405: 401: 395: 391: 390: 387: 384: 383: 379: 375: 374: 371: 369: 368:monophysitism 365: 362:as separate ( 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 318: 317:Roman emperor 314: 310: 306: 300: 237: 228: 224: 220: 217: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 173: 169: 168:Papal legates 166: 164: 160: 156: 153: 152: 151: 147: 144: 140: 137: 134: 130: 127: 124: 118: 115: 112: 106: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 67: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 41: 36: 31: 19: 11690: 11686:Pope Francis 11612:21st century 11561:Pope Paul VI 11538: 11526: 11479:20th century 11466: 11417:Pope Pius IX 11405:19th century 11381:Pope Pius VI 11248: 11120:Latin Empire 11090:Universities 11042:Pope Leo III 10965: 10909:Christianity 10894:state church 10886:Great Church 10687:Resurrection 10650:(30–325/476) 10647:Early Church 10632:Latin Church 10627:Papal States 10622:Vatican City 10430:Universities 10262:Third orders 10225:Associations 10215:Visitandines 10210:Trinitarians 10160:Mercedarians 10145:Hieronymites 10090:Camaldoleses 10075:Benedictines 10065:Augustinians 10025: 10018: 10011: 9992:Vatican News 9946:Distinctions 9752:Syro-Malabar 9637:Latin Church 9559:Grand master 9457:Metropolitan 9354:Vatican City 9249:Organisation 9128:Philosophers 8993:Confirmation 8970:In canon law 8964:Subsistit in 8962: 8958:Three states 8945: 8906: 8899:Ecclesiology 8881:Nova Vulgata 8879: 8837:Original sin 8832:Nicene Creed 8822:Divine grace 8781: 8663:Universities 8633:Papal States 8587: 8560:Great Church 8502:Resurrection 8479:Early Church 8289:Charismatics 8272: 8251:Gospel music 8181:Camp meeting 8173:1789–present 8105:Missionaries 8075: 8068: 8059:Menno Simons 8003: 7999:Church music 7850: 7821: 7706:Conciliarism 7691:Papal Schism 7533:Scandinavian 7425:Great Schism 7403:Nestorianism 7375:Christianity 7307:priest holes 7188:Chalcedonian 7182: 7151:Christianity 7105:Great Church 6913:Resurrection 6601: 6396:Architecture 6290:Confirmation 6238:Ecclesiology 6169:Original sin 6159:Nicene Creed 5956:Old Catholic 5840:Papal States 5804: 5772:Great Church 5738:Resurrection 5680:Christianity 5637:New Covenant 5588:(Scriptures) 5533:Christianity 5485: 5418: 5402: 5399:Great Church 5264:(1341–1351)* 5259: 5249: 5058: 4941: 4926: 4919: 4901: 4878: 4855: 4841: 4820: 4799: 4778: 4766: 4757: 4734: 4707: 4695: 4677: 4653: 4629: 4618: 4606: 4589: 4579:Bibliography 4569: 4556: 4545:. 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553:Patriarchate 535:Organization 501:Christianity 488: / 486:Resurrection 484: / 458:View of Mary 456: 449: 404:Hagia Sophia 364:Nestorianism 330:(modern-day 235: 233: 121:Next council 44: 11692:Laudato si' 11487:Pope Pius X 11316:Philip Neri 11291:Pope Pius V 11266:Thomas More 11135:Inquisition 11037:Charlemagne 10997:Monasticism 10807:Persecution 10699:Holy Spirit 10682:Crucifixion 10561:First seven 10420:Health care 10406:Pax Christi 10358:Schoenstatt 10323:Sant'Egidio 10155:Legionaries 10135:Franciscans 10110:Cistercians 10105:Carthusians 10060:Annonciades 9919:Altarpieces 9812:West Syriac 9807:East Syriac 9787:Alexandrian 9411:Holy orders 9392:Swiss Guard 9332:Dicasteries 9327:Roman Curia 9225:Evangelists 9183:Holy Family 9118:Personalism 9108:Natural law 9086:Josephology 9020:Holy orders 8658:Inquisition 8615:Middle Ages 8605:Monasticism 8573:Constantine 8497:Crucifixion 8378:Catholicism 8315:Protestants 8309:Evangelical 7984:39 Articles 7979:Elizabethan 7956:Anglicanism 7936:Westminster 7846:Melanchthon 7809:Lutheranism 7774:Nicodemites 7752:Arminianism 7723:Reformation 7664:Bonaventure 7639:Inquisition 7634:Waldensians 7584:Investiture 7562:Kievan Rus' 7518:Anglo-Saxon 7498:Pelagianism 7490:Middle Ages 7413:Iconodulism 7288:Thomas More 7209:Catholicism 7131:Monasticism 7114:Constantine 7039:Persecution 6997:Adoptionism 6982:Ante-Nicene 6925:Holy Spirit 6908:Crucifixion 6879:Origins and 6780:2nd and 3rd 6657:Persecution 6592:Christendom 6585:Cooperation 6522:Charismatic 6433:Holy Spirit 6342:Natural law 6305:Holy orders 6154:Christology 6147:Holy Spirit 6016:Pentecostal 5996:Evangelical 5991:Charismatic 5835:Monasticism 5827:Middle Ages 5790:Constantine 5733:Crucifixion 5615:Foundations 5317:Ephesus III 5219:(1962–1965) 5211:(1869–1870) 5203:(1545–1563) 5195:(1512–1517) 5179:(1414–1418) 5171:(1311–1312) 5137:Lateran III 4250:Homo laicus 3743:Latrocinium 3070:, with the 3049:Justinian I 2906:autocephaly 2631:See of Rome 2568:Incarnation 2560:Protestants 2392:Latrocinium 2167:Christology 2145:(325), the 1520:Prayer rope 1440:Iconostasis 1430:Euchologion 1415:Apolytikion 1290:Metousiosis 1255:Chrismation 887:Scandinavia 593:Monasticism 548:Autocephaly 482:Crucifixion 221:, 28 canons 184:Approx. 520 95:Lutheranism 11750:Categories 11565:coronation 11271:Pope Leo X 10856:Tertullian 10786:Revelation 10761:Background 10175:Oratorians 10130:Dominicans 10100:Carmelites 10095:Camillians 10043:institutes 9856:Tridentine 9792:Antiochian 9712:Macedonian 9657:Belarusian 9547:Provincial 9462:Archbishop 9382:Roman Rota 9344:Properties 9269:By country 9265:Precedence 9230:Confessors 9210:Archangels 9200:Patriarchs 9100:Philosophy 9078:Veneration 9043:Assumption 9013:Last rites 8980:Sacraments 8924:Four marks 8735:Vatican II 8683:Modern era 8519:Succession 8100:Revivalism 8021:Anabaptism 7969:Henry VIII 7794:Literature 7418:Iconoclasm 7398:Chrysostom 7351:Vatican II 7317:Jansenists 7303:Mass rocks 7239:Lateran IV 7158:Athanasius 7078:Tertullian 7022:Marcionism 7017:Gnosticism 6970:Revelation 6888:Background 6571:Prosperity 6547:Liberation 6487:Cathedrals 6472:Pilgrimage 6457:Literature 6334:Philosophy 6270:Sacraments 6243:Four marks 6204:Protestant 6179:Born again 5976:Anabaptist 5966:Protestant 5908:Influences 5870:Modern era 5574:By country 5309:Ephesus II 5217:Vatican II 5145:Lateran IV 5129:Lateran II 4547:2013-08-28 4513:2013-08-28 4490:2013-08-28 4360:2011-12-14 4306:2013-02-23 4281:2016-11-01 4154:2018-12-07 4127:2016-11-01 3988:2014-10-08 3959:2016-11-01 3926:2014-06-10 3902:2016-11-01 3878:2018-12-07 3769:2016-11-01 3728:2009-11-09 3663:2013-08-25 3511:2021-03-29 3479:2021-03-29 3452:2016-11-01 3338:2021-03-29 3314:2021-03-29 3195:References 3185:Wikisource 3064:Athanasius 3016:Alexandria 2949:Alexandria 2894:See also: 2776:preserved. 2684:hypostasis 2623:in Greek, 2607:hypostasis 2530:Acceptance 2515:hypostases 2353:Leo's Tome 2339:to call a 2288:Pope Leo I 2189:Background 2161:, and the 2108:homoousios 1621:Great Lent 1500:Paraklesis 1480:Omophorion 1435:Holy Water 1334:Philokalia 993:Montenegro 822:ROCOR (MP) 812:Crete (EP) 785:China (MP) 780:Japan (MP) 756:Autonomous 634:Alexandria 475:Background 398:Mosaic of 181:Attendance 172:Pope Leo I 11581:Communism 11551:Ecumenism 10897:(380–451) 10889:(180–451) 10878:(313–476) 10800:(100–325) 10416:See also: 10368:Charities 10277:Discalced 10205:Trappists 10200:Theatines 10170:Olivetans 10115:Clarisses 10085:Blue nuns 10070:Basilians 10047:societies 9955:See also: 9841:Mozarabic 9831:Ambrosian 9817:Malankara 9802:Byzantine 9762:Ukrainian 9737:Ruthenian 9702:Hungarian 9687:Ethiopian 9662:Bulgarian 9629:sui iuris 9613:Postulant 9522:Religious 9477:Auxiliary 9472:Coadjutor 9442:Patriarch 9310:Cardinals 9257:Canon law 9253:Hierarchy 9235:Disciples 9158:Relations 9146:Evolution 9137:See also: 9082:See also: 9035:Mariology 9025:Matrimony 8998:Eucharist 8919:Ecumenism 8847:Salvation 8783:Catechism 8778:Tradition 8740:Communism 8588:Chalcedon 8266:Ecumenism 8216:Adventism 8206:Mormonism 8142:Millerism 8137:Methodism 8092:1640–1789 7994:Civil War 7941:Orthodoxy 7896:Huguenots 7878:Calvinism 7863:Eucharist 7858:Orthodoxy 7742:Eucharist 7674:Five Ways 7624:Dulcinian 7577:Pomerania 7503:Gregory I 7347:Vatican I 7337:Modernism 7322:Molinists 7312:Guadalupe 7183:Chalcedon 7178:Ephesus I 7168:Augustine 7044:Apostolic 7027:Montanism 6992:Diversity 6768:Centuries 6647:Criticism 6597:Ecumenism 6561:Mysticism 6527:Democracy 6517:Anarchism 6504:Movements 6467:Mythology 6445:Catechism 6440:Education 6357:Evolution 6280:Eucharist 6263:Canon law 6221:Theotokos 6216:Mariology 6174:Salvation 6164:Tradition 6011:Methodist 5971:Adventist 5805:Chalcedon 5252:(879–880) 5209:Vatican I 5193:Lateran V 5177:Constance 5121:Lateran I 5115:(869–870) 5083:Nicaea II 5077:(680–681) 5059:Chalcedon 4705:(2006) . 4651:(1975) . 4403:Bury 1889 3386:153625926 3378:0009-6407 3074:as their 3039:Sassanian 2922:Justinian 2918:patriarch 2914:pentarchy 2873:of Leo's 2803:receives. 2783:heretics. 2587:Anglicans 2452:Lilybaeum 2429:Pulcheria 2417:, c. 1502 2383:Pulcheria 2159:Nestorius 2085:Chalcedon 1631:Dormition 1555:Vestments 1550:Troparion 1545:Sticheron 1535:Semantron 1525:Prosphora 1450:Kontakion 1358:Theotokos 1311:Oikonomia 1270:Hesychasm 1152:Pentarchy 1120:Jerusalem 964:churches: 644:Jerusalem 568:Canon law 521:Orthodoxy 490:Ascension 420:Structure 356:Nestorius 324:Chalcedon 163:Anatolius 155:Anatolius 149:President 100:Calvinism 11786:Bithynia 11591:HIV/AIDS 11085:Crusades 10839:Irenaeus 10832:Ignatius 10827:Polycarp 10677:Ministry 10665:(30–100) 10539:Timeline 10460:Category 10353:Opus Dei 10338:Scouting 10328:Focolare 10195:Servites 10180:Piarists 10125:Crosiers 9861:Anglican 9797:Armenian 9727:Romanian 9717:Maronite 9692:Georgian 9682:Eritrean 9667:Chaldean 9652:Armenian 9647:Albanian 9528:Superior 9487:Emeritus 9467:Diocesan 9320:Advisers 9279:Holy See 9205:Prophets 9163:Politics 8934:Catholic 8914:Councils 8769:Theology 8648:Crusades 8583:Nicaea I 8514:Apostles 8492:Ministry 8461:Timeline 8441:Glossary 8358:Theology 8346:Missions 8341:Timeline 8313:Mainline 8261:Pacifism 8110:Baptists 8029:Theology 7989:Puritans 7964:Timeline 7906:Scotland 7834:Theology 7681:Wycliffe 7629:Crusades 7604:Bogomils 7557:Bulgaria 7513:Germanic 7465:Ethiopia 7363:Timeline 7141:Nicaea I 7136:Councils 7068:Irenaeus 7063:Ignatius 7058:Polycarp 7012:Donatism 7007:Docetism 7002:Arianism 6903:Ministry 6701:Category 6566:Pacifism 6380:features 6364:Politics 6317:Ablution 6285:Marriage 6189:Catholic 6119:Theology 6026:Reformed 6006:Lutheran 6001:Holiness 5981:Anglican 5951:Catholic 5855:Crusades 5800:Nicaea I 5750:Apostles 5723:Miracles 5718:Parables 5708:Ministry 5698:Nativity 5662:timeline 5559:Prophets 5554:Glossary 5375:See also 5340:Nicaea I 5285:Nicaea I 5035:Nicaea I 4936:(2009). 4776:(1989). 4755:(1966). 4729:(2009). 4616:(1889). 4538:Archived 4418:(1902). 4037:Archived 3921:suscopts 3869:Archived 3126:See also 3059:Theodora 2860:Pope Leo 2852:New Rome 2821:œconomus 2731:Epitomes 2717:in 449. 2711:Eutyches 2678:prosopon 2566:and the 2552:Catholic 2276:Arianism 2272:Docetism 2237:Eutyches 2223:Eutyches 2157:against 1832:a series 1830:Part of 1712:Kassiani 1410:Akathist 1340:Phronema 1328:Palamism 1317:Akribeia 1226:Theology 973:Abkhazia 962:National 664:Bulgaria 605:Bratstvo 543:Autonomy 492:of Jesus 425:Theology 411:Overview 378:a series 376:Part of 352:Eutyches 336:Istanbul 328:Bithynia 11791:Kadıköy 11556:Judaism 10956:Vulgate 10766:Gospels 10741:Stephen 10658:Origins 10578:Vulgate 10514:General 10504:of the 10502:History 10425:Schools 10381:Caritas 10289:Secular 10255:Workers 10150:Jesuits 9936:Museums 9931:Library 9909:Writers 9904:Artists 9884:Culture 9851:Paul VI 9732:Russian 9722:Melkite 9564:Brother 9542:General 9482:Titular 9452:Primate 9430:Eparchy 9420:Diocese 9367:Outline 9306:College 9296:Francis 9240:Virgins 9215:Martyrs 9141:Science 9048:History 9003:Penance 8988:Baptism 8889:Worship 8862:Vulgate 8810:Kingdom 8805:Trinity 8793:General 8548:Primacy 8456:History 8436:Outline 8351:Martyrs 8147:Pietism 8077:Ausbund 8049:Müntzer 7974:Cranmer 7921:Baptism 7886:Zwingli 7737:Erasmus 7686:Avignon 7669:Aquinas 7659:Francis 7654:Dominic 7614:Cathars 7609:Bosnian 7599:Bernard 7594:Abelard 7567:Moravia 7552:Bohemia 7538:Iceland 7460:Serbian 7440:Georgia 7435:Armenia 7373:Eastern 7274:Jesuits 6950:Gospels 6898:Baptism 6630:Related 6423:Trinity 6388:Culture 6352:Science 6322:Hygiene 6312:Mission 6295:Penance 6275:Baptism 6211:Worship 6184:Liturgy 6132:Trinity 6043:Eastern 6021:Quakers 5986:Baptist 5943:Western 5933:members 5703:Baptism 5657:History 5647:Worship 5549:Outline 5301:Ephesus 5161:Lyon II 5051:Ephesus 4566:: 4346:"Egypt" 3109:Menaion 3105:propers 2953:Antioch 2769:church. 2749:master. 2745:widows. 2611:Godhead 2597:Results 2564:Trinity 2424:Marcian 2345:Ephesus 2341:council 2264:persona 2213:(431). 2169:of the 1843:of the 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The 1834:on the 1814:Agenda 1495:Praxis 1305:Nepsis 1182:Russia 1115:Moscow 1086:Eighth 1057:Fourth 1047:Second 1003:UOC–KP 998:Turkey 988:Latvia 862:France 857:Canada 684:Poland 679:Greece 674:Cyprus 654:Serbia 649:Russia 573:Clergy 380:on the 340:Turkey 189:Topics 11624:Islam 10892:Roman 10851:Canon 10724:Peter 10672:Jesus 10401:CIDSE 10250:Youth 9974:Media 9941:Music 9866:Zaire 9846:Roman 9836:Braga 9826:Latin 9697:Greek 9569:Friar 9533:Abbot 9447:Major 9362:Index 9261:Laity 8827:Dogma 8774:Bible 8750:Islam 8706:Trent 8487:Jesus 8469:Legal 8431:Index 8273:solae 8271:Five 8064:Smyth 7916:TULIP 7839:Bible 7547:Slavs 7450:Egypt 7408:Icons 7259:Trent 7249:Leo X 7146:Creed 6556:Right 6462:Music 6413:Jesus 6378:Other 6233:Angel 5688:Jesus 5678:Early 5627:Creed 5596:Canon 5584:Bible 5544:Index 5429:(692) 5401:(180– 5389:/155– 5366:(484) 5358:(410) 5350:(381) 5342:(325) 5319:(475) 5311:(449) 5303:(431) 5295:(381) 5287:(325) 5201:Trent 5085:(787) 5069:(553) 5061:(451) 5053:(431) 5045:(381) 5037:(325) 4541:(PDF) 4534:(PDF) 3872:(PDF) 3861:(PDF) 3418:8 May 3382:S2CID 3151:Greek 3138:Notes 3027:Egypt 2840:them. 2585:Many 2507:credo 2502:credo 2444:Italy 2433:Aspar 2284:Jesus 2262:word 2260:Latin 2254:word 2252:Greek 2179:Aba I 1420:Artos 1323:Ousia 1285:Icons 1110:Jassy 1091:Ninth 1067:Sixth 1062:Fifth 1052:Third 1042:First 983:Italy 765:Sinai 305:Latin 11674:2023 11669:2019 11664:2016 11659:2013 11654:2011 11649:2008 11644:2005 11639:2002 11634:2000 11601:1995 10771:Acts 10734:Paul 10729:John 10704:Mary 9926:Folk 9574:Monk 9315:List 9293:Pope 9188:Mary 8323:left 8321:and 8311:and 8161:and 8159:Neo- 7926:Dort 7911:Knox 7757:Wars 7349:and 7305:and 7298:Wars 6955:Acts 6870:21st 6865:20th 6860:19th 6855:18th 6850:17th 6845:16th 6840:15th 6835:14th 6830:13th 6825:12th 6820:11th 6815:10th 6552:Left 6452:Flag 6418:Mary 5929:list 4946:ISBN 4906:ISBN 4883:ISBN 4860:ISBN 4826:ISBN 4805:ISBN 4784:ISBN 4739:ISBN 4713:ISBN 4682:ISBN 4659:ISBN 4635:ISBN 4594:ISBN 4441:ISBN 4390:2024 4270:ISBN 4172:, 54 4098:ISBN 4070:ISBN 3948:ISBN 3617:ISBN 3441:ISBN 3420:2024 3407:ISBN 3374:ISSN 3276:ISBN 3095:The 3041:and 2951:and 2945:Rome 2875:Tome 2576:Word 2550:and 2542:The 2233:monk 1752:Folk 1633:Fast 1465:Lity 1210:2018 1205:1996 354:and 234:The 204:and 56:Date 11796:451 10660:and 10610:Art 10240:Lay 9892:Art 9586:Nun 9308:of 8800:God 7868:Art 7726:and 7701:Hus 7264:Art 6810:9th 6805:8th 6800:7th 6795:6th 6790:5th 6785:4th 6775:1st 6408:Art 6142:Son 6127:God 5419:451 5415:380 5403:451 5391:314 3502:doi 3366:doi 3025:In 2940:". 1345:Sin 1314:vs 370:). 170:of 11752:: 10045:, 9535:, 7190:/ 7046:/ 5931:, 5387:50 4940:. 4900:. 4877:. 4854:. 4733:. 4676:. 4600:. 4536:. 4522:^ 4499:^ 4478:. 4381:. 4370:^ 4348:. 4248:. 4147:. 4136:^ 4120:. 4084:^ 4068:. 4066:84 4048:^ 4009:^ 3976:. 3919:. 3895:. 3863:. 3829:. 3825:. 3813:^ 3803:. 3790:^ 3761:. 3750:^ 3691:, 3642:^ 3592:^ 3560:. 3547:^ 3500:. 3496:. 3472:. 3461:^ 3380:. 3372:. 3362:77 3360:. 3356:. 3331:. 3307:. 3294:^ 3244:^ 3159:, 3153:: 3111:. 3045:. 2984:. 2947:, 2858:. 2316:. 2134:. 709:: 402:, 338:, 334:, 326:, 307:: 303:; 266:ən 260:iː 157:, 11567:) 11563:( 10494:e 10487:t 10480:v 10040:, 9524:: 9413:) 9409:( 9286:) 9282:( 8412:e 8405:t 8398:v 7107:) 7103:( 6735:e 6728:t 6721:v 6554:/ 5935:) 5927:( 5670:) 5666:( 5664:) 5660:( 5525:e 5518:t 5511:v 5421:) 5417:– 5413:( 5405:) 5393:) 5385:( 5254:* 5010:e 5003:t 4996:v 4954:. 4914:. 4891:. 4868:. 4834:. 4813:. 4792:. 4747:. 4721:. 4690:. 4667:. 4643:. 4550:. 4516:. 4493:. 4449:. 4392:. 4363:. 4309:. 4284:. 4252:. 4188:. 4157:. 4130:. 4106:. 4078:. 3991:. 3962:. 3929:. 3905:. 3881:. 3833:. 3831:X 3807:. 3772:. 3731:. 3666:. 3564:. 3514:. 3504:: 3482:. 3455:. 3422:. 3388:. 3368:: 3341:. 3317:. 3187:. 2961:( 2823:. 2056:e 2049:t 2042:v 1802:e 1795:t 1788:v 1241:) 1237:( 1035:: 431:) 299:/ 296:n 293:ɒ 290:d 287:ɪ 284:s 281:l 278:æ 275:k 272:ˈ 269:, 263:d 257:s 254:ˈ 251:l 248:æ 245:k 242:/ 238:( 20:)

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