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Such installations that were constructed for defensive/offensive purposes were used by both sides. They were designed by the
Japanese and used by the Russians during 'August Storm' operations in August 1945, when fire from heavy guns on land and coastal Tochkas was used against Japanese forces.
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border. Other similar structures were constructed inland in these provinces. In similar form it organized other fortified districts inside mainland Japan (coastal and inner mountainous areas) and overseas provinces
306:(now Chongjin) with 4,000 officers and men, protected by heavy coastal artillery, an armored train, a regular train carrying combat equipment, and eight concrete fortifications and emplacements.
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fortified district with five permanent emplacements, a munitions depot and six mortar batteries.
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is a territory within which a system of defensive fortifications was constructed by the
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For similar fortifications constructed by the Soviet military, see
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442:Organization of Kita and Minami Chisima Fortresses
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204:Examples of heavy Japanese fortified artillery:
286:Type 90 24 cm Railway Gun (Futtsu Cannon)
457:Military history of Japan during World War II
382:(Changchun) fortified district/defense center
326:) with 6,238 Japanese officers and soldiers
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
400:with 20,000 Japanese officers and soldiers
289:and other types of special heavy artillery
247:Type 5 15 cm AA Gun (Kugayama Cannon)
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
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342:(called Unggi in Korean, now called
172:- a front of over 6,000 kilometers.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
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16:WWII Japanese defensive construction
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437:Organization of Karafuto Fortress
346:, or "Vanguard" in North Korea.)
283:Experimental 41 cm Howitzer
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208:Type 94 37mm anti-tank (AT) Gun
73:"Fortified district" Japan
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168:; Southern Sakhalin and the
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277:Type 96 24 cm Howitzer
256:Type 45 24 cm Howitzer
253:Type 38 15 cm Howitzer
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262:Type 7 30 cm Howitzer
226:Type 4 20mm AA Twin Cannon
156:were built in the area of
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250:28 cm Heavy Howitzer
241:Type 14 10 cm AA Gun
217:Type 92 70mm Infantry Gun
144:and in certain cases the
244:Type 3 12 cm AA Gun
373:and the Japanese Army
280:Type 96 15 cm Gun
274:Type 89 15 cm Gun
259:Type 45 15 cm Gun
220:Type 98 20mm AA Cannon
268:Type 7 15 cm Gun
265:Type 7 10 cm Gun
223:Type 2 20mm AA Cannon
293:Examples remain in:
54:improve this article
238:Type 99 88mm AA Gun
232:Type 88 75mm AA Gun
229:Type 11 75mm AA Gun
154:fortified districts
235:Type 4 75mm AA Gun
214:Type 1 47mm AT Gun
211:Type 1 37mm AT Gun
195:South Seas Mandate
138:Fortified District
21:Fortified district
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375:Sungari Flotilla
354:Fortifications:
300:Fortifications:
271:Type 11 75mm Gun
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164:in Korea;
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386:Tuntsiang
358:Manzhouli
158:Manchukuo
41:does not
451:Category
431:See also
411:Kwantung
404:Sanjiang
197:, etc.)
176:Examples
166:Karafuto
380:Xinjing
371:Sungari
344:Sonbong
314:Odetsin
304:Seishin
148:during
98:scholar
62:removed
47:sources
423:Dalian
417:Ryojun
392:Fuqing
367:Fuyuan
330:Rashin
324:Wonsan
320:Genzan
310:Etetin
298:Chosen
191:Ryukyu
187:Taiwan
162:Chosen
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332:(now
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105:JSTOR
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182:USSR
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45:any
43:cite
56:by
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