434:"In our last we gave a short account of an engagement between some of our men and the Indians on our frontiers, since which we have the following account in a letter from Shippensburg, dated April 12. The morning after McCord's fort was taken, 31 of our people went in pursuit of the enemy, under the command of Capt. Culbertson, who was joined at Fort Littleton by Ensign Jemison, with 19 men, making in all 50 men. On Saturday evening they came in sight of the enemy's fire, and about break of day on Sunday morning they attacked the enemy at their fire, who immediately fled. Some of the captives then made their escape, and Mary McCord was shot by the fire of our men. Our people then came up and loosed the captives, and retired to the top of a hill, where the enemy returned and attacked them. Our men fought bravely for near 2 hours, but the enemy being reinforced by a fresh party, they surrounded our people and killed many, so that they found it necessary to break free and make their escape, in doing which we lost several men. The enemy then recovered some of their prisoners again, but 5 made their escape and got to Fort Littleton. By the best account we can get we killed 15 of the enemy, among which they are confident Capt. Jacobs is one. Capt. Culbertson was killed, with 18 others, and 13 wounded, one of which is since dead."
511:
451:"The following story...was told to me two days ago by Mr. Benjamin Blythe...who was also in the battle: He says that our men gave the first fire, but without any success, that then the Indians ran from their fireplace with their arms and ammunition, and in less than ten minutes our men found themselves Surrounded, which they did not discover before the Indians fired upon them, that notwithstanding our men were So exposed to the Enemy's fire, and dropping every now and then, they fought about two hours and a half by his watch, and then perceiving a reinforcement from Shingas's Party, they unanimously agreed to endeavor to break the enemy's Circle...in order to make their retreat, in which they luckily succeeded. He says they killed but three of the Indians to the best of his knowledge, and that he doubts whether Captain Jacobs was one of them."
404:, attacked the fort, killed Lowry's husband and set the blockhouse on fire, forcing the women and children inside to surrender. They captured 27 settlers (Lowry says there were 21 captives, indicating that some had been killed). The Lenape then forced the captives to travel through the mountains for three days before stopping to rest. At dawn on 4 or 5 April, a group of Pennsylvania Militia, including many of Lowry's "friends and neighbors," attacked and were able to rescue the captives. According to Lowry, "only one Indian was killed and another wounded, upon which they all fled." Within a few minutes, however, the Lenape returned, killed a number of the militia, and recaptured the survivors of the Fort McCord attack. One of the male prisoners, probably a soldier, was tortured to death. Lowry and the other prisoners were then taken on to
464:), Captain William Chambers, and Captain Alexander Culbertson, had been sent in pursuit of the Lenape and their captives. Culbertson's company, reinforced by nineteen men from Fort Lyttleton, caught up with the Lenape three days after Fort McCord was attacked, and ambushed them at dawn, as described in Jean Lowry's account. In a two-hour engagement, both sides suffered heavy casualties, but the colonists were driven off by the arrival of reinforcements under the command of Shingas. Captain Culbertson was killed and most of his men were killed or wounded before they withdrew from the battlefield. Five captives, including two of William McCord's daughters, escaped and made their way to Fort Lyttleton. Another captive, Mary McCord, William McCord's sister-in-law, was accidentally shot and killed by the militia.
109:
351:
480:"These come to inform you of the melancholy news of what occurred between the Indians, that have taken many captives from McCord's Fort and a party of men under the command of Captain Alexander Culbertson and nineteen of our men, the whole amounting to about fifty, with the captives, and a sore engagement, many of both parties killed and many wounded, the number unknown...Captain Culbertson and Doctor Jameson is thought to be killed."
1049:
391:
A first-hand account of the attack on the fort and of the subsequent battle was written by Jean Lowry, William McCord's younger sister. She reports that most of the men had left the stockade during the day to engage in farming, and only Lowry's husband stayed there as a guard. On 1 April 1756, a band
484:
Doctor David
Jameson, the surgeon at Fort Lyttleton, was seriously wounded and was left for dead on the battlefield, but he was able to return to the fort the next day. Hamilton gives a partial casualty list of eight soldiers killed and seven wounded. Chester Sipe reports that the Lenape suffered 17
346:
for centuries, and they had built temporary shelters in the area for use on hunting trips. McCord reportedly told them they were no longer welcome, and that they should stop roaming the land near his home. The Lenape assured him they would not cause him or his neighbors any problems and ignored his
708:
The Indian Wars of
Pennsylvania: An Account of the Indian Events, in Pennsylvania, of the French and Indian War, Pontiac's War, Lord Dunmore's War, the Revolutionary War and the Indian Uprising from 1789 to 1795; Tragedies of the Pennsylvania Frontier Based Primarily on the Penna. Archives and
791:
Jean Lowry, "A Journal of the
Captivity of Jean Lowry and Her Children, Giving an Account of her being taken by the Indians, the 1st of April 1756, from William McCord's, in Rocky-Spring Settlement in Pennsylvania, With an Account of the Hardships she Suffered, &c." Oxford Text Archive,
568:) by Jacob's Party of 36 after being joined by Shingas's Party of 30...We hear that 24 of our men are returned to McDowell's Mill and 8 to Fort Lyttleton, almost all of them very much wounded...Among those that are killed are Dr. Lieutenant Jamison & Captain Culbertson."
325:
when they were ambushed by the militia, but with the help of reinforcements, the Lenape fought off the militia and escaped. The battle is significant because it was the first engagement involving
Pennsylvania Militia after
523:
The precise location of the Battle of
Sideling Hill, and hence the burial site of the militia lost in the battle, has not been determined. Three possible locations have been proposed, based on contemporary documents:
689:
Stephen A. Runkle, "Native
American Waterbody Place Names Within the Susquehanna River Basin and Surrounding Subbasins," Publication 229, September 2003; Susquehanna River Basin Commission, Harrisburg,
485:
killed and 21 wounded, "according to the statement of one of their number who was captured." Sources state that 20 militia were killed and 12 or 13 wounded, although reports differ on this point.
197:
1006:
507:
for the scalps of
Indians. On 15 April a law was passed regarding the organization and behavior of the Provincial Militia, including punishment for desertion or mutiny by soldiers.
514:
1763 map of a route through southwest
Pennsylvania from Fort Loudoun, Franklin County to Fort Pitt, Pittsburgh, showing the location of "Sidling Hill" near the bottom of the page.
611:, listing the names of the colonists killed and wounded as well as the civilian captives taken by the Indians, was erected in 1914 and can be found on Fort McCord Road in
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999:
510:
666:
Most sources agree that the battle took place on 4 April, although Jean Lowry says it took place on 5 April. The battle is often reported as having occurred on 2 April.
591:, northwest of Pittsburgh. The battle may have taken place in the gap in the mountains created by Sideling Hill Creek, between the present-day towns of New Grenada and
183:
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Other sources report that, following the attack on Fort McCord, three companies of militia under the joint command of
Captain Hance Hamilton (then commander at
992:
790:
535:
74:
688:
910:
850:
History of
Bedford, Somerset, and Fulton Counties, Pennsylvania with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men,
347:
warning. McCord proceeded to burn their lodgings. The Indians withdrew from the area, but the attack in 1756 may have been motivated by this conflict.
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615:. A historical marker at the site of Fort McCord, erected in 1947, lists the names of 20 soldiers killed and 11 wounded at Sideling Hill.
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1179:
820:
A Selection of Some of the Most Interesting Narratives, of Outrages, Committed by the Indians, in Their Wars with the White People,
1088:
940:
835:
The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, Perry, Somerset, Cambria & Indiana counties,
1412:
913:
Letters and papers relating chiefly to the provincial history of Pennsylvania, with some notices of the writers, 1729–1806.
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Fort McCord (often referred to in contemporary documents as "McCord's Fort") was built in early 1756 near the base of the
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Captain Jacobs was reported killed during the battle, however this was later proved untrue. He was killed during the
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1407:
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and taken a number of colonial settlers captive. The warriors were taking their captives back to their base at
625:
The history and topography of Dauphin, Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Adams, and Perry counties (Pennsylvania)
205:
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647:
461:
339:
847:
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In 1753 William McCord obtained a land grant from the Penn family, on the western frontier of what is now
1264:
1219:
17:
928:
The Wilderness Trail: Or, The Ventures and Adventures of the Pennsylvania Traders on the Allegheny Path,
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A Year of Colonial American Frontier History: A Daily Pioneer History of the American Colonial Frontier,
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proposed that the Battle of Sideling Hill took place near Maddensville (a neighborhood of
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Don Morfe, "Fort McCord historical marker," Historical Marker Database, 7 February 2023
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Report of the Commission to Locate the Site of the Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania,
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370:. The fort was the fortified home of William McCord, and probably consisted of a
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wrote to Governor Morris to report hearing an eyewitness account of the battle:
342:. This land and the surrounding area had been a favorite hunting ground for the
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560:"Capt. Culbertson & 30 men were defeated last Sunday (near the Bent of the
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B. F. M. MacPherson, "Some History on Col. Hance Hamilton, part 1 of 2," in
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vol II, May 1748-September 1756; Philadelphia: Joseph Severns & Co, 1853
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Volume 13 of American History A Day at A Time Volume, Mossy Feet Books, 2015
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Don Morfe, "Site of Fort McCord," Historical Marker Database, June 2, 2015
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Reconstructed stockade and blockhouse similar to the original Fort McCord.
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A few days after the battle, Captain Joseph Shippen wrote to his father,
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Harrisburg, Pa.: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1960
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In a letter from Captain Hance Hamilton to Captain Potter, dated
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along the Raystown Path, an ancient Indian trail that runs from
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27:
Battle between Pennsylvanian militia and Native Americans
956:"Fort McCord," Pennsylvania Forts: Southern Pennsylvania
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Jim Wilks, "The Battle of Sideling Hill," PBWorks, 2009
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Springfield Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
75:
Springfield Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania
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Philadelphia: Crissy & Markley, printers, 1855.
378:with loopholes through which to fire at attackers.
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896:William Albert Hunter, "Victory at Kittanning",
941:"Fort McCord and The Battle of Sideling Hill,"
374:surrounding the farm buildings and a two-story
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883:Forts on the Pennsylvania frontier, 1753-1758.
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822:A. Loudoun Press, Carlisle, 1811; pp. 181-186
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632:Brady Crytzer, YouTube Video, September 2023
630:The Battles of Fort McCord and Sideling Hill
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729:Vol. 1, State Printer of Pennsylvania, 1896
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430:published a letter describing the battle:
309:) was an engagement in April 1756, between
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852:Chicago: Waterman, Watkins & Co., 1884
546:at a place now known as Anderson's Grove.
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556:, describing the location of the battle:
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503:against the Delawares and established a
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837:Lancaster City, PA: Gilbert Hills, 1848
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73:Unknown: perhaps near Maddensville, in
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396:) Indians under the command of either
1383:Pre-statehood history of Pennsylvania
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1373:Battles of the French and Indian War
911:Balch, Thomas, and Shippen, Edward,
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587:(formerly known as Ray's Town) to
532:Susquehanna River Basin Commission
209:Seven Years' War in North America:
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1398:Battles involving Great Britain
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870:Saturday, 22 Feb, 1958, Page 6
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930:Volume 1, Putnam's sons, 1911
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311:Pennsylvania Colonial Militia
157:about 50 Pennsylvania militia
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7:
1413:French and Indian War forts
1039:Battle of the Great Meadows
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170:20 Killed and 11-13 wounded
10:
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792:University of Oxford, 2014
613:Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
566:across the New Penn's Road
476:, 4 April 1756, he says:
456:Reports from other sources
317:warriors who had attacked
137:Alexander Culbertson
29:
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1139:
1118:
1097:
1069:Battle of the Monongahela
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1045:
1034:Battle of Jumonville Glen
1026:
943:The Pennsylvania Rambler,
223:
214:The French and Indian War
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121:
93:
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48:
43:
1423:1756 in military history
1393:Battles involving France
926:Charles Augustus Hanna,
653:
607:A stone monument with a
538:), at the confluence of
439:Edward Shippen's account
30:Not to be confused with
1388:Battles in Pennsylvania
1152:Battle of Fort Ligonier
1147:Battle of Fort Duquesne
1131:Bloody Springs massacre
1105:Battle of Sideling Hill
881:William Albert Hunter,
848:William H. Koontz, ed.
412:Battle of Sideling Hill
303:Battle of Sideling Hill
167:3-17 killed, 21 wounded
85:Native American victory
44:Battle of Sideling Hill
805:Pennsylvania Archives,
711:Telegraph Press, 1931.
597:Pennsylvania Route 913
515:
427:South Carolina Gazette
424:On 12 April 1756, the
419:South Carolina Gazette
355:
122:Commanders and leaders
1408:Forts in Pennsylvania
1350:Heinrich Zeller House
1240:Fort Juniata Crossing
1110:Kittanning Expedition
1089:GnadenhĂĽtten massacre
1074:Penn's Creek massacre
1020:French and Indian War
868:The Gettysburg Times,
643:French and Indian War
540:Little Aughwick Creek
530:A 2003 report by the
513:
492:on 8 September 1756.
490:Kittanning Expedition
382:Attack on Fort McCord
353:
217:, Ohio Valley Theater
162:Casualties and losses
51:French and Indian War
1403:1756 in Pennsylvania
1126:Hochstetler massacre
898:Pennsylvania History
706:Sipe, Chester Hale.
497:Robert Hunter Morris
387:Jean Lowry's account
1079:Great Cove massacre
1064:Braddock Expedition
818:Archibald Loudoun,
803:Samuel Hazard, ed.
725:Clarence M. Busch,
544:Sideling Hill Creek
360:Kittatinny Mountain
305:(sometimes written
238:Braddock Expedition
1315:Fort Prince George
554:Edward Shippen III
516:
501:Declaration of War
445:Edward Shippen III
443:On 24 April 1756,
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1378:Conflicts in 1756
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1357:
1320:Redstone Old Fort
1310:Fort Presque Isle
1162:Forbes Expedition
945:December 19, 2019
833:Rupp, I. Daniel,
766:Paul R. Wonning,
709:Colonial Records.
550:Juniata Crossing:
528:Anderson's Grove:
328:Braddock's defeat
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278:Forbes Expedition
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844:
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829:
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793:
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628:
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623:
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582:
581:Clay Township
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541:
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395:
392:of Delaware (
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348:
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344:Lenape people
341:
331:
329:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
289:
288:Fort Ligonier
286:
284:
283:Fort Duquesne
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
263:Great Cacapon
261:
259:
258:Sideling Hill
256:
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115:Great Britain
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84:
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64:April 4, 1756
63:
60:
59:
55:
52:
47:
42:
37:
33:
32:Sideling Hill
19:
1360:
1345:Fort William
1340:Fort Venango
1335:Fort Swatara
1330:Fort Shirley
1265:Fort Loudoun
1255:Light's Fort
1245:Fort Lebanon
1220:Fort Halifax
1205:Fort Deshler
1190:Fort Bedford
1185:Fort Augusta
1104:
1016:Pennsylvania
973:
962:
951:
942:
936:
927:
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609:Celtic cross
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571:
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522:
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487:
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471:
459:
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368:Pennsylvania
364:Parnell Knob
357:
337:
318:
307:Sidling Hill
306:
302:
300:
257:
248:Penn's Creek
140:
94:Belligerents
49:Part of the
36:
1285:Fort McCord
1280:Fort Manada
1230:Fort Hunter
1195:Fort Bigham
1018:during the
366:in western
362:, north of
319:Fort McCord
243:Monongahela
18:Fort McCord
1367:Categories
1225:Fort Henry
1200:Fort Depuy
1180:Fort Allen
777:1310220093
674:References
577:Kittanning
406:Kittanning
376:blockhouse
334:Background
323:Kittanning
268:Kittanning
253:The Trough
1305:Fort Pitt
593:Waterfall
468:Aftermath
1171:Frontier
637:See also
589:Logstown
583:through
519:Location
372:stockade
149:Strength
100:Delaware
69:Location
585:Bedford
562:Juniata
402:Shingas
141:†
133:Shingas
102:Indians
1418:Lenape
775:
505:bounty
394:Lenape
315:Lenape
112:
82:Result
1173:Forts
654:Notes
1140:1758
1119:1757
1098:1756
1057:1755
1027:1754
773:ISBN
542:and
301:The
61:Date
595:on
400:or
1369::
858:^
783:^
735:^
717:^
696:^
690:PA
681:^
599:.
408:.
330:.
1008:e
1001:t
994:v
199:e
192:t
185:v
130:?
34:.
20:)
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