58:. It was in 1754 that British colonists, led by Buchanan, came to the area. Captain Jacobs, being a Lenape chief, was at first reluctant to sell any of the nearby land to the colonists. With the assistance of a keg of rum, a few trinkets, and some tobacco, Buchanan convinced Jacobs to give them the land. Captain Jacobs initially professed great friendship toward the British, but was swayed by the French to think otherwise. As the number of British colonists grew, so did Jacobs' dissatisfaction with them. Without notice or incident, the Lenape destroyed their own settlement and left the area, which the colonists noted with caution.
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Gibson also asserts that Jacobs killed fourteen of
Armstrong's men, adding that "In this contest, Jacobs received seven balls (bullets) before he was brought upon his knees." One of Armstrong's soldiers, John Ferguson, managed to set fire to Jacobs' house. Jacobs and his family remained inside until
272:
The Indian Wars of
Pennsylvania: An Account of the Indian Events, in Pennsylvania, of the French and Indian War, Pontiac's War, Lord Dunmore's War, the Revolutionary War and the Indian Uprising from 1789 to 1795; Tragedies of the Pennsylvania Frontier Based Primarily on the Penna. Archives and
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the magazine erupted and their guns took fire. When they emerged, Jacobs' spouse was killed first, followed by Jacobs himself, and then their son. Captain Jacobs was scalped and his head carried back to
Philadelphia where Armstrong received 600 pounds in bounty for it.
159:
mentioning the
Kittanning Expedition, and adding that "I also received...the scalp of Captain Jacobs for which I am greatly obliged to Colonel Armstrong to whom it's a valuable trophy. I have thought of sending it to the
304:
Timothy Alden, "An
Account of the Captivity of Hugh Gibson among the Delaware Indians of the Big Beaver and the Muskingum, from the latter part of July 1756, to the beginning of April, 1759,"
144:, who was a captive at Kittanning at that time, reports that when Armstrong's men threatened to set fire to his house if Jacobs would not surrender, Jacobs replied that "he could eat fire."
82:. Jacobs boasted that he "could take any fort that would catch fire, and would make peace with the English when they had learned him to make gunpowder." Jacobs led warriors during the
94:, his warriors defeated a company of Pennsylvania militia that was sent to rescue the captives, killing their commanding officer. He participated in the burning of
395:
359:
Thomas Penn to "Richard Peters about government papers, sending a scalp to the
British Museum," Thomas Penn letters collection, Massachusetts Historical Society
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415:
257:
History of
Bedford, Somerset, and Fulton Counties, Pennsylvania with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men,
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321:
A Selection of some of the most interesting narratives of outrages committed by the
Indians in their wars with the white people,
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The
Texture of Contact: European and Indian Settler Communities on the Frontiers of Iroquoia, 1667-1783.
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was away during the battle, so Jacobs took command and fought
Armstrong's men from his log cabin, "his
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settler named Arthur Buchanan, who thought the chief resembled a "burly German in Cumberland County."
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with a plate engraved giving an account of the action." It is unknown what happened to the scalp.
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in April 1756, burning it to the ground and taking 27 civilian captives. Three days later, at the
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warriors against British colonial settlements in multiple raids following
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Robert Robison, "Colonel J. Armstrong's Attack on the Kittaning," in
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took months to organize an expedition in hopes of neutralizing both
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in hopes of disrupting raids against frontier settlements. Chief
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Lindley Homol, "Win, Lose, or Draw: The Battle of Kittanning"
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240:. Harrisburg, PA: Harrisburg Publishing Company. p.
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Felix Barnes, "Send his scalp to the British Museum,"
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Archibald Loudon, ed. Carlisle: A. Loudon Press, 1811
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History of the Early Settlement of the Juniata Valley
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Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society,
124:led a force of 307 Pennsylvanians provincials to
98:under the direction of the French commander. The
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286:William Albert Hunter, "Victory at Kittanning,"
46:is located where there once was a considerable
396:Indigenous people of the French and Indian War
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120:On the morning of September 8, 1756, Colonel
216:Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009.
349:, Pennsylvania State University, Fall 2009
259:Chicago: Waterman, Watkins & Co., 1884
31:. Jacobs received his English name from a
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411:Native American people from Pennsylvania
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151:In January 1758 Pennsylvania proprietor
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290:vol. 23, no. 3, July 1956; pp 376-407
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50:settlement, at the confluence of the
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19:, better known by his English name
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140:assisting in loading his guns."
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100:Pennsylvania Provincial Council
23:, (d. September 8, 1756) was a
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86:in November 1755, and raided
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234:Jones, Uriah James (1889).
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39:British colonial settlement
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78:throughout the valleys of
406:Native American leaders
255:William H. Koontz, ed.
92:Battle of Sideling Hill
44:Lewistown, Pennsylvania
275:Telegraph Press, 1931.
184:Tamaqua (Lenape chief)
128:the Lenape village of
372:Adam Matthew Digital,
288:Pennsylvania History,
179:Kittanning Expedition
116:Kittanning Expedition
110:Kittanning Expedition
68:French and Indian War
62:French and Indian War
29:French and Indian War
270:Sipe, Chester Hale.
174:Kittanning (village)
106:and Captain Jacobs.
80:Central Pennsylvania
52:Kishacoquillas Creek
212:Preston, David L.,
84:Great Cove massacre
122:John Armstrong Sr.
333:Jones, pp. 360-1.
273:Colonial Records.
76:Braddock's defeat
27:chief during the
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66:During the
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168:See also
54:and the
134:Shingas
104:Shingas
126:attack
72:Lenape
48:Lenape
25:Lenape
138:squaw
17:Tewea
308:1837
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