Forklift - Knowledge

292: 1176:

vehicles). A major component of these regulations deals with forklift operator training. The standard requires employers to develop and implement a training program based on the general principles of safe truck operation, the types of vehicle(s) being used in the workplace, the hazards of the workplace created by the use of the vehicle(s), and the general safety requirements of the OSHA standard. OSHA believes that trained operators must know how to do the job properly and do it safely as demonstrated by workplace evaluation. Formal (lecture, video, etc.) and practical (demonstration and practical exercises) training must be provided. Employers must also certify that each operator has received the training and evaluate each operator at least once every three years. Prior to operating the truck in the workplace, the employer must evaluate the operator's performance and determine the operator to be competent to operate a powered industrial truck safely. Refresher training is needed whenever an operator demonstrates a deficiency in the safe operation of the truck.

714:, they are used to lift boats in and out of storage racks. Once out, the forklift can place the boat into the water, as well as remove it when the boating activity is finished. Marina forklifts are unique among most other forklifts in that they feature a "negative lift" cylinder. This type of cylinder allows the forks to actually descend lower than ground level. Such functionality is necessary, given that the ground upon which the forklift operates is higher than the water level below. Additionally, marina forklifts feature some of the longest forks available, with some up to 24 feet long. The forks are also typically coated in rubber to prevent damage to the hull of the boats that rest on them. 665: 426: 618: 653: 1201:

use of their own equipment, or off-site (public courses) at a training centre. Training centres offer the opportunity for the unemployed with little or no forklift operating experience to achieve a certificate of competence and increase their employment opportunities. Training certification standards at schools tend to follow closely the standard required by their individual Training Standards Accrediting Body to which they are affiliated. It is not unusual for a Training school to be registered with more than one body at any one time.

633: 85: 422:

positions deep to place or retrieve a pallet. Often, forklift drivers are guided into the bay by guide rails on the floor and the pallet is placed on cantilevered arms or rails. These maneuvers require well-trained operators. Since every pallet requires the truck to enter the storage structure, damage is more common than with other types of storage. In designing a drive-in system, dimensions of the fork truck, including overall width and mast width, must be carefully considered.

1045: 383: 644:. Comes in sit-down center control. Usually has an internal combustion engine. Engines are almost always diesel, but sometimes operate on kerosene, and sometimes use propane injection as a power boost. Some old units are two-stroke compression ignition; most are four-stroke compression ignition. North American engines come with advanced emission control systems. Forklifts built in countries such as Iran or Russia will typically have no emission control systems. 604: 1064:

or more need to be added. There are many ways of adding hydraulic functions (also known as adding a valve). Forklift manufacturers make valves and hose routing accessories, but the parts and labor to install can be prohibitively expensive. Other ways include adding a solenoid valve in conjunction with a hose or cable reel that diverts oil flow from an existing function. However, hose and cable reels can block the operator's view and are easily damaged.

837:; battery-electric types include: cushion-tire forklifts, scissor lifts, order pickers, stackers, reach trucks and pallet jacks. Electric forklifts are primarily used indoors on flat, even surfaces. Batteries prevent the emission of harmful fumes and are recommended for indoor facilities, such as food-processing and healthcare sectors. Forklifts have also been identified as a promising application for reuse of end-of-life automotive batteries. 533: 563: 338: 1197:

must be registered with at least one of the voluntary training organisations. Although RTITB operators are registered on a database which has to be a 3 yearly basis, the amount of time determined between refresher courses is subject to the H&S Executive, Insurance companies or company policies. The H&S Executive (HSG136 Workplace Transport Safety) does recommend re-training or testing every three to five years.

494: 1193:'best practice' standards for forklift training, commonly referred to in the UK as a 'forklift licence'; these are no longer recognised as proof of training as defined in the COP 117 (third edition) and as such training is not a legal requirement as is commonly believed. Organised training however helps to demonstrate that an employer has taken steps to ensure its 'duty of care' in the event of an accident. 502: 32: 1301: 940:, and operated by one or more hydraulic cylinders directly or using chains from the cylinder or cylinders. It may be mounted to the front axle or the frame of the forklift. A 'container mast' variation allows the forks to raise a few meters without increasing the total height of the forklift. This is useful when double-loading pallets into a container or under a mezzanine floor. 685:

and found that by reversing the triangle of stability and changing the weight distribution he could solve the issues that had long eluded earlier attempts of articulating a forklift truck. Freddy's patent application referenced specific drive methods, allowing competitors to enter the market by offering alternative methods, but using the same articulating principle.

852:

can be refueled in three minutes, and is often used in refrigerated warehouses as its performance is not degraded by lower temperatures. As of 2024, approximately 50,000 hydrogen forklifts are in operation worldwide (the bulk of which are in the U.S.), as compared with 1.2 million battery electric forklifts that were purchased in 2021.

2806: 349:, like World War I before it, spurred the use of forklift trucks in the war effort. Following the war, more efficient methods for storing products in warehouses were implemented, and warehouses needed more maneuverable forklift trucks that could reach greater heights. For example, in 1954, a British company named 1266:

Training consists of a theory session delivered in-person or online followed by a brief practical assessment of 15–20 minutes. If the ACOP guidelines are followed this consists of stacking and destacking pallets at low, medium and high levels, as well as driving forwards and in reverse around a coned

1213:

Prior to 2011, all states and territories of Australia independently regulated occupational health and safety in that state, including forklift licensing. Whilst the Occupational Health and Safety laws of the different states were based on similar underlying principles, there were differences between

943:

Carriage – the component to which the forks or other attachments mount. It is mounted into and moves up and down the mast rails by means of chains or by being directly attached to the hydraulic cylinder. Like the mast, the carriage may have either rollers or bushings to guide it in the

549:

A sideloader is a piece of materials-handling equipment designed for long loads. The operator's cab is positioned up front on the left-hand side. The area to the right of the cab is called the bed or platform. This contains a central section within it, called the well, where the forks are positioned.

457:

In addition to a control to raise and lower the forks (also known as blades or tines), the operator can tilt the mast to compensate for a load's tendency to angle the blades toward the ground and risk slipping off the forks. Tilt also provides a limited ability to operate on non-level ground. Skilled

365:

began to be incorporated in new forklift models to improve operator comfort, reduce injuries and increase productivity. During the 1990s, undesirable exhaust emissions from forklift operations began to be tackled, which led to emission standards being implemented for forklift manufacturers in various

1326:

These are devices that alert forklift drivers of the people in the forklift's vicinity. Pedestrians must carry a radio frequency device (electronic tags) which emit a signal when a truck detects them, alerting the forklift driver of their presence. It detects both in the front and at the back and it

1196:

In the UK, forklift training is carried out by a number of different voluntary standard training organisations, They can be directly recognised by the HSE who have formed a new organisation known as "Accrediting Body Association Work place transport 2012". In all cases qualified forklift instructors

993:

Carton and multipurpose clamp attachments – hydraulic attachments that allow the operator to open and close around a load, squeezing it to pick it up. Products like cartons, boxes and bales can be moved with this type of attachment. With these attachments in use, the forklift truck is

851:

Hydrogen fuel cell forklifts are powered by a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. The reaction is used to generate electricity which can then be stored in a battery and subsequently used to drive electric motors to power the forklift. This method of propulsion produces no local emissions,

680:

Articulating counterbalance trucks are designed to be both able to offload trailers and place the load in narrow aisle racking. The central pivot of the truck allows loads to be stored in racking at a right angle to the truck, reducing space requirements (therefore increasing pallet storage density)

522:

Moving mast; which consists of a slender tower mast that is mounted on tracks, allowing the entire assembly to extend or 'reach' using hydraulic or electro-mechanical actuators. It also eliminates a separate fork extender pantograph. They are common in the rest of the world, and generally considered

421:

Forklifts are a critical element of warehouses and distribution centers. It is considered imperative that these structures be designed to accommodate their efficient and safe movement. In the case of Drive-In/Drive-Thru Racking, a forklift needs to travel inside a storage bay that is multiple pallet

1226:

Risk Licence Unit of Competence TLILIC2001 – Licence to Operate a Forklift Truck, or in the case of an LO licence Unit of Competence TLILIC2002 – Licence to Operate an Order Picking Forklift Truck. There is a fee attached which varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

1225:

To obtain a forklift licence in any state or territory an applicant must undertake a training course with an approved training organisation and then, on completion of the course, apply to the appropriate state or territory for a forklift licence. The unit of competence is known as the National High

1200:

Forklift instructors throughout the UK tend to operate either as small independent training companies or as a part of a larger training provider. Training is delivered in one of two ways: on-site (sometimes referred to as in-house training), where training is delivered to a client's premises making

1063:

In the context of attachment, a hydraulic function consists of a valve on the forklift with a lever near the operator that provides two passages of pressurized hydraulic oil to power the attachment features. Sometimes an attachment has more features than the forklift has hydraulic functions and one

978:

Rotator – to aid the handling of skids that may have become excessively tilted, and for other specialty material-handling needs, some forklifts are fitted with an attachment that allows the tines to be rotated. This type of attachment may also be used for dumping containers for quick

693:

These are rail- or wire-guided and available with lift heights up to 40 feet non-top-tied and 98 feet top-tied. Two forms are available: 'man-down' and 'man-riser', where the operator elevates with the load for increased visibility or for multilevel 'break bulk' order picking. This type of truck,

684:

Frederick L Brown is credited with perfecting the principle of an articulated design in about 1982, receiving an award in 2002 from the UK's Fork Lift Truck Association for Services to the Forklift Industry and the Queen's Award for Innovation in 2003. He took inspiration from the hand pallet truck

589:

Counterbalance-type order-picking truck similar to the guided very-narrow-aisle truck, except that the operator and the controls which operate the machine are in a cage welded to the mast. The operator wears a restraint system to protect them against falls. Otherwise, the description is the same as

1308:

These are proximity sensors that detect objects and pedestrians from a few centimeters to several meters. The sensor makes the difference between a person and an object and alerts the driver without useless alarms. Based on stereovision, an algorithm analyses on real time if a person is in a blind

1175:

In the United States, workplace forklift training is governed federally by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). In 1999, OSHA updated its 29 CFR 1910.178 regulations governing "Powered Industrial Trucks" (the term OSHA uses to include forklifts among other types of industrial

745:

is a two-stage safety standard. The basic standards are referred to as G, D, LP, and G/LP. They are considered by Underwriters Laboratories to be the bare minimum required for a lift truck. This is a voluntary standard, and there is no requirement in North America at least by any Government Agency

580:

is fitted in the floor of the building the machine can almost work on its own. Masts on this type of machine tend to be very high. The higher the racking that can be installed, the higher the density the storage can reach. This sort of storage system is popular in cities where land prices are very

575:

A counterbalance-type sit-down rider electric forklift fitted with a specialized mast assembly. The mast is capable of rotating 90 degrees, and the forks can then advance like on a reach mechanism, to pick up full pallets. Because the forklift does not have to turn, the aisles can be exceptionally

558:

Similar to a reach truck, except the operator either rides in a cage welded to the fork carriage or walks alongside, dependent on design. If the operator is riding in the order picking truck, they wear a specially-designed safety harness to prevent falls. A special toothed grab holds the pallet to

550:

The mast and forks reach out to lift the load at its central point and lower it onto the bed. Driving forwards with a load carried lengthways allows long goods, typically timber, steel, concrete or plastics, to be moved through doorways and stored more easily than via conventional forklift trucks.

1283:

The ACOP deals specifically with a forklift operator using only the standard forks. Forklift attachments, such as barrel clamps, fork extensions, rotators and personnel cages are covered under a separate unit standard (US10852). It is not mandatory to achieve a unit standard; a company can simply

1204:

The British Industrial Truck Association (BITA) categorises the different forklift truck types into groups and assigned a unique identifier to each classification. Known as the "BITA List", it has become accepted as a standard in the UK. Forklift training certificates display the appropriate BITA

1059:

Forklift attachment manufacturers offer online calculators to estimate the safe lifting capacity when using a particular attachment. However, only the forklift truck manufacturer can give accurate lifting capacities. Forklifts can be re-rated by the manufacturer and have a new specification plate

1011:

Man basket – a lift platform that slides onto the tines (forks) and is meant for hoisting workers. The man basket has railings to keep the person from falling and brackets for attaching a safety harness. Also, a strap or chain is used to attach the man basket to the carriage of the

950:

Attachments – may consist of a mechanism that is attached to the carriage, either permanently or temporarily, to help in the proper engagement of the load. A variety of material-handling attachments are available. Some attachments include sideshifters, slipsheet attachments, carton

1317:

Ultrasonic sensors are proximity sensors that detect objects at distances ranging from a few centimeters to several meters. The sensor beeps and measures the time it takes for the signal to return. It does not discriminate between people and objects. Any obstacle located behind the truck will be

1019:

Scales – fork truck-mounted scales enable operators to efficiently weigh the pallets they handle without interrupting their workflow by travelling to a platform scale. Scales are available that provide legal-for-trade weights for operations that involve billing by weight. They are

971:

Dimensioning devices – fork truck-mounted dimensioning systems provide dimensions for the cargo to facilitate truck-trailer space utilization and to support warehouse automation systems. The systems normally communicate the dimensions via 802.11 radios. NTEP-certified dimensioning

1221:

This act formed a framework for the individual jurisdictions to enact supporting legislation, as the individual jurisdictions are tasked with managing State and Territory Occupational Health and Safety laws, including the issue of licences coming under the legislation. Each individual state and

803:

Engines may be diesel, kerosene, gasoline, natural gas, butane, or propane-fueled, and may be either two-stroke spark ignition, four-stroke spark ignition (common), two-stroke compression ignition, and four-stroke compression ignition (common). North American Engines come with advanced emission

738:

ratings that are part of UL 558. Industrial trucks that are considered "safety" carry the designations GS (Gasoline Safety) for gasoline-powered, DS (Diesel Safety) for diesel-powered, LPS (Liquid Propane Safety) for liquified propane or GS/LPS for a dual fuel gasoline/liquified propane-powered

1106:), country and class of machine. While the statistics are generic and do not count production from most of the smaller manufacturers, the information is significant for its depth. These contacts have brought to a common definition of a Class System to which all the major manufacturers adhere. 417:

forces may combine to cause a tip-over accident. The forklift is designed with a load limit for the forks which is decreased with fork elevation and undercutting of the load (i.e., when a load does not butt against the fork "L"). A loading plate for loading reference is usually located on the

282:

Since World War II, the development and use of the forklift truck has greatly expanded worldwide. Forklifts have become an indispensable piece of equipment in manufacturing and warehousing. In 2013, the top 20 manufacturers worldwide posted sales of $ 30.4 billion, with 944,405 machines sold.

985:

Roll and barrel clamp attachment – a mechanical or hydraulic attachment used to squeeze the item to be moved. It is used for handling barrels, kegs, or paper rolls. This type of attachment may also have a rotate function. The rotate function would help an operator to insert a

1217:

In 2008 the Inter-Governmental Agreement for Regulatory and Operational Reform in Occupational Health and Safety was formed between the Commonwealth of Australia and the six states and two territories of Australia to formalize cooperation between these jurisdictions on the harmonization of

1218:

Occupational Health and Safety legislation. As a result, the national Model Work Health and Safety Act (WHS) was enacted following a review of work health and safety laws across Australia; said review involved significant public consultations effort. This act was finalized in June 2011.

330:, entered the lift truck market in the United States. Continuing development and expanded use of the forklift continued through the 1920s and 1930s. The introduction of hydraulic power and the development of the first electrically-powered forklifts, along with the use of standardized 1023:

Single-double forks – forks that in the closed position allow movement of a single pallet or platform but when separated, turn into a set of double forks that allow carrying two pallets side by side. The fork control may have to replace the side-shifter on some lift

893:

and a dashboard containing operator readouts. The cab area may be open-air or enclosed, but it is covered by the cage-like overhead guard assembly. When enclosed, the cab may also be equipped with a cab heater for cold climate countries along with a fan or air conditioning for hot

540:

Standard forklifts use a counterweight at the rear of the truck to offset, or counterbalance, the weight of a load carried at the front of the truck. Electric-powered forklifts utilise the weight of the battery as a counterweight and are typically smaller in size as a result.

2803: 518:

Moving carriage. This consists of an integrated tower mast that's fixed and the forks are mounted on a deployable carriage or pantograph, typically with hydraulic or electro-mechanical actuators or in a scissor formation. They are common in North America and parts of

408:

Another critical characteristic of the forklift is its instability. The forklift and load must be considered a unit with a continually varying center of gravity with every movement of the load. A forklift must never negotiate a turn at speed with a raised load, where

449:

Forklift trucks are available in many variations and load capacities. In a typical warehouse setting, most forklifts have load capacities between one and five tons. Larger machines, up to 50 tons lift capacity, are used for lifting heavier loads, including loaded

935:

Mast – the vertical assembly that does the work of raising and lowering the load. It is made up of interlocking rails that also provide lateral stability. The interlocking rails may either have rollers or bushings as guides. The mast is driven

1262:

The ACOP is a set of best practices, guidelines and recommendations for training a forklift operator. However, training can be tailored to the operator's specific needs and the attachments they use, as required under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015.

1259:. Operators with a class 1 (car) licence and an F endorsement may only operate forklifts up to 18,000 kg gross laden weight, while those holding a class 2 (medium rigid) licence and an F endorsement can operate a forklift of any gross laden weight. 1007:

attachment – a mechanical attachment that slides onto the tines (forks). It usually has a spring-loaded jaw that grips the top lip edge of a drum for transport. Another type grabs around the drum in a manner similar to the roll or barrel

513:

Variant on a Rider Stacker forklift, designed for narrow aisles. They are usually electrically powered and often have the highest storage-position lifting ability. A reach truck's forks can extend to reach the load, hence the name. There are two types:

445:

Forklift hydraulics are controlled either with levers directly manipulating the hydraulic valves or by electrically controlled actuators, using smaller "finger" levers for control. The latter allows forklift designers more freedom in ergonomic design.

726:) can allow a forklift truck to move forward, diagonally and laterally, or in any direction on a surface. An omnidirectional wheel system is able to rotate the truck 360 degrees in its own footprint or strafe sideways without turning the truck cabin. 1188:

state that operators of forklift trucks must be adequately trained; the general standards of that training and good operating practice are found in the HSE Code of Practice 117 (Third edition) issued in 2013. Third-party organisations have developed

1000:

attachment (push-pull) – a hydraulic attachment that reaches forward, clamps onto a slip sheet and draws the slip sheet onto wide and thin metal forks for transport. The attachment will push the slip sheet and load off the forks for

394:. This information is located on a nameplate provided by the manufacturer, and loads must not exceed these specifications. In many jurisdictions, it is illegal to alter or remove the nameplate without the permission of the forklift manufacturer. 360:

During the 1950s and 1960s, operator safety became a concern, due to increasing lifting heights and capacities. Safety features such as load backrests and operator cages, called overhead guards, began to be added to forklifts. In the late 1980s,

1031:

Skips – a mechanical attachment that is fitted to the forklift to allow safe and speedy removal of waste to the appropriate skip or waste compactor. There are two types of skips: the roll-forward type and the bottom-emptying

2804:

http://www.oshainterpretations.com/1910_Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Standards/?url=/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS~p_id=22751&n=Powered%20industrial%20truck%20training:%20%20different%20types%20of%20trucks

874: – a mass attached to the rear of the forklift truck frame. The purpose of the counterweight is to counterbalance the load being lifted. In an electric forklift, the large battery may serve as part of the counterweight. 773:

These are for operation in potentially explosive atmospheres found in chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, food and drink, logistics or other fields handling flammable material. Commonly referred to as mainly Miretti or sometimes

1015:

Telescopic forks – hydraulic attachments that allow the forklift to operate in warehouses designed for "double-deep stacking", which means that two pallet shelves are placed behind each other without any aisle between

749:

The slightly more stringent safety standards GS, DS, LPS, and GP/LPS do provide some minimal protection; however, it is extremely minimal. In the past, Underwriter's Laboratory offered specialty EX and DX safety certifications.

928:

that provides power to the electric motors; some fuel cell forklifts may be powered by multiple fuel cells at once. For warehouses and other indoor applications, electric forklifts have the advantage of not producing carbon

1056:(that power the attachment features). As mentioned in the preceding section, replacing or adding an attachment may reduce (down-rate) the safe lifting capacity of the forklift truck (See also General operations, below). 1027:

Snow plough – a mechanical attachment that allows the forklift operator to easily and quickly move snow. The snow plough can often also be utilised at other times of the year as an attachment to clean up

357:, developed what was claimed to be the first narrow-aisle electric-reach truck. That development changed the design of warehouses leading to narrower aisles and higher load-stacking, which increased storage capability. 1123:(ANSI) to the Industrial Truck Standards Development Foundation (ITSDF) after multi-year negotiations. ITSDF is a non-profit organization whose only purpose is the promulgation and modernization of the B56 standard. 559:

the forks. The operator transfers the load onto the pallet one article at a time by hand. This is an efficient way of picking less-than-pallet-load shipments and is popular for use in large distribution centers.

3081: 3019: 299:

Developments from the middle of the 19th century to the early 20th century led to today's modern forklifts. The forerunners of the modern forklift were manually powered hoists used to lift loads. In 1906, the

989:

Pole attachments – in some locations, such as carpet warehouses, a long metal pole is used instead of forks to lift carpet rolls. Similar devices, though much larger, are used to pick up metal

975:

Sideshifter – a hydraulic attachment that allows the operator to move the tines (forks) and backrest laterally. This allows easier placement of a load without having to reposition the truck.

820:

mounted to the rear of the truck. This allows for quick changing of the cylinder once the LPG runs out. LPG trucks are quieter than their diesel counterparts, while offering similar levels of performance.

581:

high, as by building the racking up to three times higher than normal and using these machines, it is possible to stock a much larger amount of material in a building with a relatively small surface area.

982:

Fork positioner – a hydraulic attachment that moves the tines (forks) together or apart. This removes the need for the operator to manually adjust the tines for different-sized loads.

947:

Load backrest – a rack-like extension that is either bolted or welded to the carriage in order to prevent the load from shifting backward when the carriage is lifted to full height.

1142:

In many countries, forklift truck operators must be trained and certified to operate forklift trucks. Certification may be required for each individual class of lift that an operator would use.

3001: 2760: 932:

Tilt cylinders – hydraulic cylinders that are mounted to the truck frame and the mast. The tilt cylinders pivot the mast backwards or forwards to assist in engaging a load.

1222:

territory issue licences in their own jurisdiction, including what is known as "high-risk work licences" for high-risk work. Forklift licences are classed as "high-risk work licences".

901:

supported by posts at each corner of the cab that helps protect the operator from any falling objects. On some forklifts, the overhead guard is an integrated part of the frame assembly.

1248:

The operator's certificate is based on the Approved Code of Practice for Training Operators and Instructors of Powered Industrial Lift Trucks ('ACOP') published in 1995 by the then

401:. While this increases maneuverability in tight cornering situations, it differs from a driver's traditional experience with other wheeled vehicles. While steering, as there is no 1052:

It is possible to replace an existing attachment or add one to a lift that does not already have one. Considerations include forklift type, capacity, carriage type, and number of

471:

Powered pallet truck, usually electrically powered. Low lift trucks may be operated by a person seated on the machine, or by a person walking alongside, depending on the design.

864:

Truck frame – the base of the machine to which the mast, axles, wheels, counterweight, overhead guard and power source are attached. The frame may have fuel and

291: 1036:

Any attachment on a forklift will reduce its nominal load rating, which is computed with a stock fork carriage and forks. The actual load rating may be significantly lower.

2742: 3077: 1145:

Forklift training has many names, such as forklift licensing or forklift certification. Whichever term is used, training must adhere to federal or national standards.

3016: 2953: 2336:

These lifts usually have solid rubber tires and are common in factories and warehouses. If equipped with pneumatic tires, this kind of lift can be used out of doors.

1656: 1327:

differentiates between people and the usual obstacles found in warehouses. For this reason, the driver is only alerted when there is a pedestrian near the truck.

1595: 1119:

Forklift safety is subject to a variety of standards worldwide. The most important standard is the ANSI B56—of which stewardship has now been passed from the

53: 3120: 2323: 1832: 3099: 1342: 1185: 2438: 1098:

There are many significant contacts among these organizations and they have established joint statistical and engineering programs. One program is the

19:

This article is about the powered industrial moving truck known as a forklift. For the manual pallet-moving tool, sometimes called a pallet truck, see

2923: 485:

Usually electrically powered. A stacker may be operated by a person seated on the machine, or by a person walking alongside, depending on the design.

778:

trucks in Europe, they must meet the requirements of the ATEX 94/9/EC Directive if used in Zone 1, 2, 21 or 22 areas and be maintained accordingly.

2998: 418:

forklift. A forklift should not be used as a personnel lift without the fitting of specific safety equipment, such as a "cherry picker" or "cage".

2746: 577: 3039: 2468: 2090:

Michelini, Emanuele; Höschele, Patrick; Ratz, Florian; Stadlbauer, Michael; Rom, Werner; Ellersdorfer, Christian; Moser, Jörg (18 March 2023).

1739: 2092:"Potential and Most Promising Second-Life Applications for Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries Considering Technical, Economic and Legal Aspects" 1418: 3130: 2698: 1988: 1127: 1072:

There are many national as well as continental associations related to the industrial truck sector. Some of the major organizations include:

3060: 2408: 2238: 2178: 1622: 1392: 263:

used to lift and move materials over short distances. The forklift was developed in the early 20th century by various companies, including

1510: 2049: 1761: 1564: 1479: 1229:

Forklift licences issued in one jurisdiction are recognized in all. Licence cancellation in one jurisdiction is also recognized in all.

2293: 40: 2975: 2780:(online March 2014) (3rd ed.). Elk Grove Village, IL: American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. p. 11. 2861: 790:

have also been developed. Automated forklifts are also called forked automated guided vehicles and are already available for sale.

762: 758: 742: 2778:

Occupational medicine practice guidelines: evaluation and management of common health problems and functional recovery in workers

2157: 2828: 1542: 3156: 2031: 1252:. It gives permission for operators to operate a forklift in an enclosed space (i.e. a space not considered to be a 'road'). 1120: 1872: 3166: 1713: 2945: 2352: 1648: 951:

clamps, multipurpose clamps, rotators, fork positioners, carpet poles, pole handlers, container handlers and roll clamps.

327: 322:

in the United States began developing and using powered tractor and powered lift tractors in its factories. In 1919, the

272: 1679: 2785: 1592:"Prize winning Cornell researcher shows ergonomics aren't just for chairs and keyboards – would you believe forklifts?" 1249: 804:

control systems. Forklifts built in countries such as Iran or Russia will typically have no emission control systems.

710:

and boat storage facilities. Featuring tall masts, heavy counterweights, and special paint to resist seawater-induced

1591: 1448: 2728: 2319: 2131: 3151: 1828: 319: 264: 3095: 672:

At the other end of the spectrum from the counterbalanced forklift trucks are more 'high-end' specialty trucks.

536:

A counterbalance forklift (note the counterweight at the back) being used to load logistics at an air force base

2490: 1275:

Unit standards are available for forklift training but are not required. The primary unit standard is US10851.

2200: 2014:

m. Aref, Mohammad; Ghabcheloo, Reza; Kolu, Antti; Mattila, Jouni (2017). "Vision-Guided Autonomous Forklift".

1904: 3161: 1256: 315: 2430: 2378: 2915: 2572: 1890: 362: 1937: 1292:

A number of products can be found on the market today to reduce occupational hazards caused by forklifts.

1131: 1020:

easily retrofitted to the truck by hanging on the carriage in the same manner as forks hang on the truck.

3146: 1791: 905: 2976:"Inter-Governmental Agreement for Regulatory and Operational Reform in Occupational Health and Safety" 1214:

the various jurisdictions in the detail and application of those Occupational Health and Safety laws.

3035: 2901: 2776:

Weiss, MS; Bowden, K; Branco, F; et al. (2011). "Opioids Guideline". In Kurt T., Hegmann (ed.).

2598: 2546: 2460: 1241:

Operator's certificate (previously OSH certificate), to operate a forklift in a private yard or area.

1102:

which is published every month to the association memberships. The statistics are separated by area (

735: 3054:"Approved Code of Practice for Training Operators and Instructors of Powered Industrial Lift Trucks" 2650: 2624: 1735: 2676: 2520: 2046: 1422: 787: 268: 260: 98: 2702: 1992: 458:

forklift operators annually compete in obstacle and timed challenges at regional forklift rodeos.

1255:

To use a forklift on a public road, the operator must obtain a forklift (F) endorsement on their

909: 813: 430: 45: 3053: 2404: 2231: 2174: 1618: 1388: 323: 2825:"Training and Reference Materials Library | Occupational Safety and Health Administration" 913: 434: 314:

saw the development of different types of material-handling equipment in the United Kingdom by

3126: 2822:

OSHA' Website – Frequently Asked Questions about Powered Industrial Truck Operator Training –

1506: 1769: 1568: 1483: 1164: 834: 305: 301: 2297: 2741: 877:

Cab – the area that contains a seat for the operator along with the control

451: 2982: 425: 8: 1873:"Awards Roll of Honour – FLTA Award Winners Since 1995 | The Fork Lift Truck Association" 1082:

Fédération Européenne de la Manutention – European Federation of Materials Handling (FEM)

1053: 657: 398: 367: 2868: 1810: 846: 405:

action, it is unnecessary to apply steering force to maintain a constant rate of turn.

664: 2781: 2113: 2027: 1190: 830: 695: 652: 617: 410: 318:

of Ipswich. This was in part due to the labor shortages caused by the war. In 1917,

2824: 2264: 390:

Forklifts are rated for loads at a specified maximum weight and a specified forward

2201:"Powered Industrial Trucks eTool: Types & Fundamentals – Parts: Overhead Guard" 2103: 2065: 2019: 1538: 1348: 986:

vertically-stored paper into the horizontal intake of a printing press for example.

878: 786:

In order to decrease work wages, reduce operational cost and improve productivity,

2018:. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Vol. 540. pp. 338–346. 1318:

detected. Normally, this type of sensor is used only for detection in rear areas.

1126:

Other forklift safety standards have been implemented in the United States by the

3023: 3005: 2810: 2755: 2751: 2023: 1353: 1153: 972:

devices are available to support commercial activities that bill based on volume.

865: 350: 2862:"Fork Lift Truck Association factsheet "How long does a forklift licence last?"" 1922: 1709: 882: 632: 391: 276: 2849: 2348: 1854: 1444: 3140: 2117: 2066:"Electric v Diesel or LPG / Gas? What Power should I choose for my Forklift?" 2053: 1962: 1687: 1244:

Forklift (F) driver licence endorsement, to drive a forklift on public roads.

871: 734:

In North America, some internal combustion-powered industrial vehicles carry

723: 480: 3117:

Preventing Injuries and Deaths of Workers Who Operate or Work Near Forklifts

1891:"RIP Freddy Brown – Forklift truck pioneer | Warehouse & Logistics News" 1079:

Material Handling Equipment Distributors Association (MHEDA) (North America)

3116: 1060:

attached to indicate the changed load capacity with the attachment in use.

1044: 1004: 817: 402: 346: 1167:

if placing a large load that obstructs their view while driving forwards.

84: 1363: 921: 382: 334:

in the late 1930s, helped to increase the popularity of forklift trucks.

311: 20: 1710:"The Kalmar heavy range 20–50 tonnes, More than 50 years of development" 2724: 2108: 2091: 1368: 1336: 997: 668:

Container handler moving two empty 53-foot boxes by their 40-foot posts

506: 354: 304:

introduced battery-powered platform trucks for moving luggage at their

1205:

classification to clearly identify the confines of the certification.

860:

A typical counterbalanced forklift contains the following components:

1103: 937: 925: 812:

These forklifts use an internal combustion engine modified to run on

711: 371: 2494: 603: 532: 917: 562: 337: 2647:"Korean Construction Equipment Manufacturers Association (KOCEMA)" 374:

technology, were refinements in continuing forklift development.

1649:"Hydrogen fuel cells are a good choice for large forklift fleets" 1157: 1149: 775: 414: 2374: 1989:"Industrial Trucks, Internal Combustion Engine-Powered – UL 558" 1094:

Korean Construction Equipment Manufacturers Association (KOCEMA)

493: 31: 2759:, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2568: 2089: 1358: 890: 707: 584: 397:

An important aspect of forklift operation is that it must have

331: 501: 1300: 886: 2158:"On Hydrogen Forklifts, Bitcoin Mining and Green Fertilizer" 2013: 1067: 2743:

American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

955: 898: 497:

A reach truck with a deployable tower mast holding a pallet

2594: 2542: 1179: 2893: 2646: 2620: 2265:"Welcome to Session 303 Power Alternatives for Forklifts" 1170: 2516: 1148:

Health care providers do not recommend that workers who

924:. Electric forklifts are powered by either a battery or 681:

and eliminating double handling from yard to warehouse.

2672: 1792:"What is a Counterbalance Forklift? | Adaptalift Group" 954:

Tires – either solid for indoor use, or

2908: 2517:"Material Handling Equipment Distributors Association" 1680:"Which storage rack system is right for your company?" 1237:

Forklift operator training is divided into two types:

855: 3121:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

2747:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question" 2405:"The Paper Industry: Forklift attachments do the job" 2968: 698:

trucks, requires a high standard of floor flatness.

675: 509:

allowing the extension of the forks in tight aisles.

440: 2946:"Forklift Certification – BITA List Classification" 2673:"Industrial Truck Standards Development Foundation" 1232: 1156:such as forklifts treat chronic or acute pain with 3127:Safety and Health Topic: Powered Industrial Trucks 1811:"What is a sideloader? » Baumann Sideloaders" 1076:Industrial Truck Association (ITA) (North America) 1039: 688: 2775: 2595:"The British Industrial Truck Association (BITA)" 1905:"History of the Articulating Forklift Revolution" 1208: 570: 3138: 2016:Advances in Robot Design and Intelligent Control 1343:Forklift Driver Klaus – The First Day on the Job 967:Below is a list of common forklift attachments: 904:Power source – may consist of an 868:tanks constructed as part of the frame assembly. 807: 1855:"HSS MAGAZINE – Widest range: narrowest aisles" 1480:"Forklift Trucks— The Backbone of the Industry" 1421:. Warehouse & Logistic News. Archived from 1295: 1186:Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 295:A forklift truck being used during World War II 3010: 3131:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2621:"Japan Industrial Vehicle Association (JIVA)" 1284:induct the operator on the attachments used. 1128:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 765:. As with UL 558 it is a two-stage standard. 753: 729: 2992: 1091:Japan Industrial Vehicles Association (JIVA) 781: 585:Guided very-narrow-aisle order picking truck 2850:http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l117.pdf 2802:OSHA Interpretation on Forklift Training – 2699:"OSHA Standards: Powered Industrial Trucks" 2543:"European Federation of Materials Handling" 1991:. Underwriters Laboratories. Archived from 1963:"105 Types of Forklifts: The Complete List" 1088:British Industrial Truck Association (BITA) 527: 2854: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1412: 1410: 83: 2938: 2735: 2107: 1642: 1640: 1447:. Clark Material Handling Company. 2008. 1100:World Industrial Trucks Statistics (WITS) 1068:Lift truck associations and organizations 768: 746:for manufacturers to meet this standard. 717: 593: 2398: 2396: 1938:"Tilt and Negative Lift (Operation Tip)" 1935: 1565:"Forklift- The Backbone of The Industry" 1539:"A potted history of the forklift truck" 1532: 1530: 1528: 1416: 1299: 1130:(OSHA) and in the United Kingdom by the 1043: 897:Overhead guard – a metal 793: 663: 651: 631: 561: 531: 500: 492: 424: 381: 336: 290: 89:General appearance of a typical forklift 56:of all important aspects of the article. 2225: 2223: 2221: 1536: 1463: 1407: 1391:. Hyster-Yale Materials Handling, Inc. 1267:figure-of-eight while carrying a load. 1180:Forklift training in the United Kingdom 1085:Fork Lift Truck Association (FLTA) (UK) 994:sometimes referred to as a clamp truck. 3139: 3066:from the original on 10 February 2018. 2950:Didac Ltd Industrial Training Services 2763:from the original on 11 September 2014 2731:from the original on 17 December 2014. 2262: 1936:McDowell, Markus (28 September 2015). 1835:from the original on 25 September 2015 1677: 1646: 1637: 1567:. MHEDA Journal Online. Archived from 1171:Forklift training in the United States 798: 553: 52:Please consider expanding the lead to 2999:Model Work Health and Safety Act(WHS) 2653:from the original on 23 December 2007 2627:from the original on 12 November 2007 2411:from the original on 15 December 2013 2393: 2355:from the original on 27 December 2007 2244:from the original on 13 December 2013 2229: 1678:Phelan, John T. Jr. (18 March 2009). 1659:from the original on 16 December 2013 1625:from the original on 15 December 2013 1617:Liew, Christine (27 September 2007). 1598:from the original on 15 December 2013 1545:from the original on 15 December 2013 1525: 1513:from the original on 14 December 2013 1498: 1451:from the original on 9 September 2013 1395:from the original on 15 December 2013 1121:American National Standards Institute 840: 706:These lifts are found in places like 656:A straight mast container handler at 647: 377: 3078:"Health and Safety at Work Act 2015" 2956:from the original on 3 November 2012 2926:from the original on 9 December 2012 2601:from the original on 22 January 2008 2569:"Fork Lift Truck Association (FLTA)" 2471:from the original on 13 October 2017 2441:from the original on 13 October 2017 2402: 2381:from the original on 3 November 2008 2294:"What is a Forklift Container Mast?" 2274:. Yale Material Handling Corporation 2218: 2177:. Forkliftaction.com. 21 July 2005. 1716:from the original on 1 February 2009 1653:Fuel Cells Provide End-User Benefits 1616: 1589: 1504: 1312: 722:Omnidirectional technology (such as 25: 3084:from the original on 16 April 2018. 3042:from the original on 27 March 2017. 2575:from the original on 7 October 2010 2549:from the original on 6 January 2008 2523:from the original on 20 August 2008 2349:"Cascade Corporation – Attachments" 2326:from the original on 26 August 2012 2320:"Forklift Operator Safety Training" 1507:"Top 20 Lift truck suppliers, 2013" 1482:. The MHEDA Journal. Archived from 856:Counterbalanced forklift components 824: 701: 219:Hydraulic cylinders and attachments 13: 3036:"Forklift training in New Zealand" 2904:from the original on 28 July 2014. 2679:from the original on 14 March 2008 2403:Liew, Christine (18 August 2005). 2296:. Eureka Forklifts. Archived from 2232:"Forklift Operator Safety Program" 1590:Lang, Susan S. (15 October 2003). 1287: 1109: 14: 3178: 3110: 3102:from the original on 11 May 2018. 2831:from the original on 6 April 2015 1808: 1417:Brindley, James (December 2005). 1270: 1163:Drivers are recommended to use a 676:Articulated counterbalance trucks 624:Moffett forklift on flatbed truck 466: 441:Forklift control and capabilities 386:Forklift cab with control layout. 2230:Reece, Wendel (September 2009). 2181:from the original on 3 June 2015 1762:"Types of Electric Reach Trucks" 1278: 1233:Forklift training in New Zealand 1137: 816:. The fuel is often stored in a 616: 602: 590:guided very-narrow-aisle truck. 429:Dedicated container forklift of 30: 3088: 3070: 3046: 3028: 2886: 2843: 2816: 2796: 2717: 2691: 2665: 2639: 2613: 2587: 2561: 2535: 2509: 2483: 2453: 2423: 2367: 2341: 2312: 2286: 2256: 2237:. University of Northern Iowa. 2193: 2167: 2150: 2132:"Into the Future with Hydrogen" 2124: 2083: 2058: 2040: 2007: 1981: 1955: 1929: 1915: 1897: 1883: 1865: 1847: 1821: 1802: 1784: 1754: 1742:from the original on 5 May 2016 1728: 1702: 1671: 1040:Replacing or adding attachments 689:Guided very narrow aisle trucks 461: 366:countries. The introduction of 44:may be too short to adequately 3096:"Forklift unit standard 10851" 2491:"Industrial Truck Association" 2375:"Bolzoni Auramo – Attachments" 1610: 1583: 1557: 1437: 1419:"The History of The Fork Lift" 1381: 1304:A pedestrian detection system. 1209:Forklift training in Australia 962: 761:is the Electric equivalent of 571:Guided very-narrow-aisle truck 488: 341:Forklift Loading Cruise Liners 328:Yale & Towne Manufacturing 316:Ransomes, Sims & Jefferies 273:Yale & Towne Manufacturing 54:provide an accessible overview 1: 1647:Brower, Warren (April 2010). 1541:. Forklift training website. 1509:. Modern Materials Handling. 1374: 1321: 1048:A typical load capacity chart 808:Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 566:A ride-on order picking truck 544: 3157:Forklift truck manufacturers 2725:"Forklift Certification Hub" 2024:10.1007/978-3-319-49058-8_37 1829:"Pallet Racking Systems Ltd" 1809:Admin, Baumann Sideloaders. 1736:"Pallet Racking Systems Ltd" 1684:Material Handling Wholesaler 1619:"Emissions drive innovation" 1505:Bond, Josh (1 August 2013). 1296:Pedestrian detection systems 1114: 164:Various wheel configurations 7: 3167:Material-handling equipment 2920:Health and Safety Executive 2894:"ABA – Workplace Transport" 1330: 1132:Health and Safety Executive 10: 3183: 2047:Automated forklift project 906:internal combustion engine 844: 754:UL 583 safety-rated trucks 730:UL 558 safety-rated trucks 478: 474: 286: 18: 2898:ABA – Workplace Transport 2809:28 September 2017 at the 1923:"Narrow aisle lift truck" 782:Automated forklift trucks 736:Underwriters Laboratories 176: 168: 160: 152: 120: 112: 104: 94: 82: 77: 944:interlocking mast rails. 528:Counterbalanced forklift 261:powered industrial truck 16:Powered industrial truck 3017:High Risk Work Licences 2754:: an initiative of the 908:that can be powered by 3152:Construction equipment 2407:. Forkliftaction.com. 2263:Spears, David (2010). 1621:. Forkliftaction.com. 1537:Sellick, Tony (2010). 1309:zone of the forklift. 1305: 1049: 769:Explosion-proof trucks 718:Omnidirectional trucks 669: 661: 640:Also referred to as a 637: 594:Truck-mounted forklift 567: 537: 510: 498: 437: 387: 370:forklifts, along with 342: 296: 3080:. 21 September 2017. 3022:31 March 2014 at the 3004:28 March 2014 at the 1942:Wiggins Lift Co., Inc 1655:. The MHEDA Journal. 1594:. Cornell Chronicle. 1303: 1047: 835:lithium-ion batteries 794:Methods of propulsion 667: 655: 635: 565: 535: 505:A reach truck with a 504: 496: 428: 385: 340: 306:Altoona, Pennsylvania 302:Pennsylvania Railroad 294: 3162:Engineering vehicles 3119:, an alert from the 2916:"Refresher Training" 1831:. 18 February 2014. 1798:. 28 September 2020. 1250:Department of Labour 636:A walk-along version 3038:. 5 December 2016. 2705:on 22 December 2007 2070:bendigomitchell.com 1995:on 11 February 2009 1815:Baumann Sideloaders 1571:on 18 December 2007 1486:on 1 September 2013 1054:hydraulic functions 831:lead-acid batteries 799:Internal combustion 788:automated forklifts 694:unlike articulated 658:Haikou Xiuying Port 554:Order-picking truck 452:shipping containers 399:rear-wheel steering 2497:on 13 January 2008 2156:Barnard, Michael. 2109:10.3390/en16062830 1893:. 26 October 2016. 1306: 1050: 847:Fuel cell forklift 841:Hydrogen fuel cell 833:or, increasingly, 670: 662: 648:Specialized trucks 638: 568: 538: 511: 499: 438: 388: 378:General operations 343: 297: 216:Hydraulic controls 125:Various including: 3147:Lifting equipment 2988:on 27 March 2015. 2745:(February 2014), 2164:, January 2, 2024 2138:. 16 January 2020 2033:978-3-319-49057-1 1969:. 16 January 2020 1877:fork-truck.org.uk 1738:. 31 March 2016. 1425:on 31 August 2009 1313:Ultrasound radars 392:center of gravity 234:industrial truck, 226: 225: 142:Lead acid battery 71: 70: 3174: 3104: 3103: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3058: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3032: 3026: 3014: 3008: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2981:. Archived from 2980: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2873: 2867:. Archived from 2866: 2858: 2852: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2820: 2814: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2701:. Archived from 2695: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2643: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2493:. Archived from 2487: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2400: 2391: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2345: 2339: 2338: 2333: 2331: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2300:on 21 April 2019 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2269: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2243: 2236: 2227: 2216: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2197: 2191: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2175:"Cabin Comforts" 2171: 2165: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2111: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2062: 2056: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2011: 2005: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1933: 1927: 1926: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1768:. Archived from 1758: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1732: 1726: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1690:on 17 April 2009 1686:. Archived from 1675: 1669: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1644: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1614: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1587: 1581: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1534: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1502: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1476: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1414: 1405: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1385: 1349:Hydrogen vehicle 958:for outside use. 825:Battery-electric 702:Marina forklifts 620: 610:Moffett forklift 606: 435:New Zealand Navy 431:HMNZS Canterbury 363:ergonomic design 324:Towmotor Company 87: 75: 74: 66: 63: 57: 34: 26: 3182: 3181: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3171: 3137: 3136: 3113: 3108: 3107: 3094: 3093: 3089: 3076: 3075: 3071: 3063: 3056: 3052: 3051: 3047: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3024:Wayback Machine 3015: 3011: 3006:Wayback Machine 2997: 2993: 2985: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2877: 2875: 2874:on 25 July 2019 2871: 2864: 2860: 2859: 2855: 2848: 2844: 2834: 2832: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2811:Wayback Machine 2801: 2797: 2788: 2766: 2764: 2756:ABIM Foundation 2752:Choosing Wisely 2740: 2736: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2708: 2706: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2604: 2602: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2578: 2576: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2500: 2498: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2474: 2472: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2444: 2442: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2414: 2412: 2401: 2394: 2384: 2382: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2358: 2356: 2347: 2346: 2342: 2329: 2327: 2318: 2317: 2313: 2303: 2301: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2277: 2275: 2267: 2261: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2234: 2228: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2199: 2198: 2194: 2184: 2182: 2173: 2172: 2168: 2155: 2151: 2141: 2139: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2088: 2084: 2074: 2072: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2052:9 June 2008 at 2045: 2041: 2034: 2012: 2008: 1998: 1996: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1972: 1970: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1946: 1944: 1934: 1930: 1921: 1920: 1916: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1859:hsssearch.co.uk 1853: 1852: 1848: 1838: 1836: 1827: 1826: 1822: 1807: 1803: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1745: 1743: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1719: 1717: 1708: 1707: 1703: 1693: 1691: 1676: 1672: 1662: 1660: 1645: 1638: 1628: 1626: 1615: 1611: 1601: 1599: 1588: 1584: 1574: 1572: 1563: 1562: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1535: 1526: 1516: 1514: 1503: 1499: 1489: 1487: 1478: 1477: 1464: 1454: 1452: 1443: 1442: 1438: 1428: 1426: 1415: 1408: 1398: 1396: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1354:Non-road engine 1333: 1324: 1315: 1298: 1290: 1288:Safety products 1281: 1273: 1235: 1211: 1184:In the UK, the 1182: 1173: 1154:heavy equipment 1140: 1117: 1112: 1110:Forklift safety 1070: 1042: 965: 866:hydraulic fluid 858: 849: 843: 827: 810: 801: 796: 784: 771: 756: 732: 720: 704: 691: 678: 660:, Hainan, China 650: 630: 629: 628: 627: 626: 625: 621: 613: 612: 611: 607: 596: 587: 576:narrow, and if 573: 556: 547: 530: 491: 483: 477: 469: 464: 443: 380: 351:Lansing Bagnall 289: 222: 213:Hydraulic lines 148: 90: 67: 61: 58: 51: 39:This article's 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3180: 3170: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3135: 3134: 3124: 3112: 3111:External links 3109: 3106: 3105: 3087: 3069: 3045: 3027: 3009: 2991: 2967: 2937: 2907: 2885: 2853: 2842: 2815: 2795: 2793: 2792: 2787:978-0615452272 2786: 2772:, which cites 2734: 2716: 2690: 2664: 2638: 2612: 2586: 2560: 2534: 2508: 2482: 2452: 2431:"Snow ploughs" 2422: 2392: 2366: 2340: 2311: 2285: 2255: 2217: 2192: 2166: 2149: 2123: 2082: 2057: 2039: 2032: 2006: 1980: 1954: 1928: 1925:. 6 July 1990. 1914: 1896: 1882: 1864: 1846: 1820: 1801: 1783: 1772:on 9 July 2021 1753: 1727: 1701: 1670: 1636: 1609: 1582: 1556: 1524: 1497: 1462: 1436: 1406: 1379: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1339: 1332: 1329: 1323: 1320: 1314: 1311: 1297: 1294: 1289: 1286: 1280: 1277: 1272: 1271:Unit standards 1269: 1257:driver licence 1246: 1245: 1242: 1234: 1231: 1210: 1207: 1181: 1178: 1172: 1169: 1139: 1136: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1069: 1066: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1002: 995: 991: 987: 983: 980: 976: 973: 964: 961: 960: 959: 952: 948: 945: 941: 933: 930: 902: 895: 883:steering wheel 875: 869: 857: 854: 842: 839: 826: 823: 809: 806: 800: 797: 795: 792: 783: 780: 770: 767: 755: 752: 731: 728: 724:Mecanum wheels 719: 716: 703: 700: 690: 687: 677: 674: 649: 646: 623: 622: 615: 614: 609: 608: 601: 600: 599: 598: 597: 595: 592: 586: 583: 572: 569: 555: 552: 546: 543: 529: 526: 525: 524: 520: 490: 487: 479:Main article: 476: 473: 468: 467:Low lift truck 465: 463: 460: 442: 439: 433:vessel of the 379: 376: 353:, now part of 326:and, in 1920, 288: 285: 257:forklift truck 224: 223: 221: 220: 217: 214: 211: 210:Hydraulic pump 208: 205: 204:Overhead guard 202: 199: 196: 193: 190: 187: 184: 180: 178: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 162: 158: 157: 154: 150: 149: 147: 146: 143: 140: 137: 134: 131: 127: 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 106: 102: 101: 96: 95:Classification 92: 91: 88: 80: 79: 69: 68: 48:the key points 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3179: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3114: 3101: 3097: 3091: 3083: 3079: 3073: 3062: 3055: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3031: 3025: 3021: 3018: 3013: 3007: 3003: 3000: 2995: 2984: 2977: 2971: 2955: 2952:. Didac Ltd. 2951: 2947: 2941: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2870: 2863: 2857: 2851: 2846: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2799: 2789: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2720: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2678: 2674: 2668: 2652: 2648: 2642: 2626: 2622: 2616: 2600: 2596: 2590: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2548: 2544: 2538: 2522: 2518: 2512: 2496: 2492: 2486: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2410: 2406: 2399: 2397: 2380: 2376: 2370: 2354: 2350: 2344: 2337: 2325: 2322:. MASCO.NET. 2321: 2315: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2273: 2266: 2259: 2240: 2233: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2206: 2202: 2196: 2180: 2176: 2170: 2163: 2162:CleanTechnica 2159: 2153: 2137: 2133: 2127: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2086: 2071: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2054:archive.today 2051: 2048: 2043: 2035: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2010: 1994: 1990: 1984: 1968: 1964: 1958: 1943: 1939: 1932: 1924: 1918: 1910: 1906: 1900: 1892: 1886: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1834: 1830: 1824: 1816: 1812: 1805: 1797: 1793: 1787: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1757: 1741: 1737: 1731: 1715: 1711: 1705: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1674: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1643: 1641: 1624: 1620: 1613: 1597: 1593: 1586: 1570: 1566: 1560: 1544: 1540: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1512: 1508: 1501: 1485: 1481: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1467: 1450: 1446: 1440: 1424: 1420: 1413: 1411: 1394: 1390: 1389:"Our History" 1384: 1380: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1328: 1319: 1310: 1302: 1293: 1285: 1276: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1243: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1192: 1187: 1177: 1168: 1166: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1143: 1138:Driver safety 1135: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1122: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1073: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1055: 1046: 1037: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1003: 999: 996: 992: 988: 984: 981: 977: 974: 970: 969: 968: 957: 953: 949: 946: 942: 939: 938:hydraulically 934: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 873: 872:Counterweight 870: 867: 863: 862: 861: 853: 848: 838: 836: 832: 822: 819: 815: 805: 791: 789: 779: 777: 766: 764: 760: 751: 747: 744: 740: 737: 727: 725: 715: 713: 709: 699: 697: 686: 682: 673: 666: 659: 654: 645: 643: 634: 619: 605: 591: 582: 579: 578:wire guidance 564: 560: 551: 542: 534: 521: 517: 516: 515: 508: 503: 495: 486: 482: 481:Reach stacker 472: 459: 455: 453: 447: 436: 432: 427: 423: 419: 416: 415:gravitational 412: 406: 404: 400: 395: 393: 384: 375: 373: 369: 364: 358: 356: 352: 348: 345:The start of 339: 335: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 307: 303: 293: 284: 280: 278: 275:, which made 274: 270: 269:transmissions 267:, which made 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 235: 232:(also called 231: 218: 215: 212: 209: 207:Load backrest 206: 203: 200: 197: 194: 192:Counterweight 191: 188: 185: 182: 181: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 144: 141: 138: 135: 132: 129: 128: 126: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 100: 97: 93: 86: 81: 76: 73: 65: 62:December 2023 55: 49: 47: 42: 37: 33: 28: 27: 22: 3090: 3072: 3048: 3030: 3012: 2994: 2983:the original 2970: 2958:. Retrieved 2949: 2940: 2928:. Retrieved 2919: 2910: 2897: 2888: 2876:. Retrieved 2869:the original 2856: 2845: 2833:. Retrieved 2818: 2798: 2777: 2765:, retrieved 2750: 2737: 2719: 2707:. Retrieved 2703:the original 2693: 2681:. Retrieved 2667: 2655:. Retrieved 2641: 2629:. Retrieved 2615: 2603:. Retrieved 2589: 2579:29 September 2577:. Retrieved 2563: 2551:. Retrieved 2537: 2525:. Retrieved 2511: 2499:. Retrieved 2495:the original 2485: 2473:. Retrieved 2464: 2455: 2443:. Retrieved 2434: 2425: 2413:. Retrieved 2383:. Retrieved 2369: 2357:. Retrieved 2343: 2335: 2328:. Retrieved 2314: 2302:. Retrieved 2298:the original 2288: 2276:. Retrieved 2271: 2258: 2246:. Retrieved 2208:. Retrieved 2204: 2195: 2183:. Retrieved 2169: 2161: 2152: 2140:. Retrieved 2136:linde-mh.com 2135: 2126: 2099: 2095: 2085: 2073:. Retrieved 2069: 2060: 2042: 2015: 2009: 1997:. Retrieved 1993:the original 1983: 1971:. Retrieved 1966: 1957: 1945:. Retrieved 1941: 1931: 1917: 1908: 1899: 1885: 1876: 1867: 1858: 1849: 1837:. Retrieved 1823: 1814: 1804: 1795: 1786: 1774:. Retrieved 1770:the original 1765: 1756: 1744:. Retrieved 1730: 1718:. Retrieved 1704: 1692:. Retrieved 1688:the original 1683: 1673: 1661:. Retrieved 1652: 1627:. Retrieved 1612: 1600:. Retrieved 1585: 1573:. Retrieved 1569:the original 1559: 1547:. Retrieved 1515:. Retrieved 1500: 1488:. Retrieved 1484:the original 1453:. Retrieved 1439: 1427:. Retrieved 1423:the original 1397:. Retrieved 1383: 1341: 1325: 1316: 1307: 1291: 1282: 1274: 1265: 1261: 1254: 1247: 1236: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1183: 1174: 1162: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1125: 1118: 1099: 1097: 1071: 1062: 1058: 1051: 1035: 1008:attachments. 1005:Drum handler 966: 859: 850: 828: 818:gas cylinder 811: 802: 785: 772: 757: 748: 741: 733: 721: 705: 696:narrow-aisle 692: 683: 679: 671: 641: 639: 588: 574: 557: 548: 539: 512: 484: 470: 462:Design types 456: 448: 444: 420: 407: 396: 389: 359: 347:World War II 344: 310: 298: 281: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 233: 229: 227: 183:Power source 124: 72: 59: 43: 41:lead section 3129:, from the 2835:2 September 2767:24 February 2415:15 December 2278:13 December 2272:ProMat 2011 2248:13 December 2185:13 December 2102:(6): 2830. 1999:27 November 1766:DM Forklift 1663:15 December 1629:15 December 1602:15 December 1549:15 December 1517:14 December 1490:15 December 1455:15 December 1399:15 December 1364:Pallet jack 1279:Attachments 1028:workplaces. 963:Attachments 922:diesel fuel 829:Powered by 489:Reach truck 411:centrifugal 312:World War I 308:, station. 121:Fuel source 113:Application 21:Pallet jack 3141:Categories 2960:6 December 2930:5 December 2709:23 January 2683:23 January 2657:22 January 2631:22 January 2605:22 January 2553:22 January 2527:22 January 2501:22 January 2475:13 October 2465:CAM System 2445:13 October 2435:CAM System 2359:24 January 2330:8 December 2210:28 October 2142:18 January 2075:18 January 1973:24 January 1947:24 January 1909:4K Systems 1839:23 October 1796:Adaptalift 1575:25 January 1429:25 January 1375:References 1369:Slip sheet 1337:Electrocar 1322:RF systems 1001:placement. 998:Slip sheet 979:unloading. 845:See also: 642:sod loader 545:Sideloader 507:pantograph 355:KION Group 253:fork hoist 249:fork truck 237:lift truck 177:Components 2385:8 October 2118:1996-1073 1720:7 October 1694:11 August 1445:"History" 1115:Standards 1104:continent 1012:forklift. 956:pneumatic 929:monoxide. 926:fuel cell 712:corrosion 372:fuel cell 145:Fuel cell 46:summarize 3100:Archived 3082:Archived 3061:Archived 3040:Archived 3020:Archived 3002:Archived 2954:Archived 2924:Archived 2902:Archived 2829:Archived 2807:Archived 2761:archived 2729:Archived 2677:Archived 2651:Archived 2625:Archived 2599:Archived 2573:Archived 2547:Archived 2521:Archived 2469:Archived 2439:Archived 2409:Archived 2379:Archived 2353:Archived 2324:Archived 2304:21 April 2239:Archived 2205:osha.gov 2179:Archived 2096:Energies 2050:Archived 1833:Archived 1746:29 April 1740:Archived 1714:Archived 1657:Archived 1623:Archived 1596:Archived 1543:Archived 1511:Archived 1449:Archived 1393:Archived 1331:See also 1191:de facto 918:gasoline 894:weather. 891:switches 368:AC power 230:forklift 130:Gasoline 116:Multiple 105:Industry 78:Forklift 3123:(NIOSH) 2878:25 July 2461:"Skips" 1776:30 June 1165:spotter 1158:opioids 1152:or use 1024:trucks. 776:Pyroban 739:truck. 708:marinas 519:Europe. 475:Stacker 332:pallets 287:History 259:) is a 153:Powered 133:Propane 108:Various 3133:(OSHA) 2784: 2116: 2030: 1967:Conger 1359:Pallet 990:coils. 910:LP gas 887:levers 879:pedals 763:UL 558 759:UL 583 743:UL 558 523:safer. 403:caster 277:hoists 271:, and 255:, and 241:jitney 201:Wheels 161:Wheels 139:Diesel 3064:(PDF) 3057:(PDF) 2986:(PDF) 2979:(PDF) 2872:(PDF) 2865:(PDF) 2268:(PDF) 2242:(PDF) 2235:(PDF) 1150:drive 1032:type. 1016:them. 320:Clark 265:Clark 245:hi-lo 198:Axles 189:Frame 169:Axles 2962:2012 2932:2012 2880:2019 2837:2015 2782:ISBN 2769:2014 2711:2008 2685:2008 2659:2008 2633:2008 2607:2008 2581:2010 2555:2008 2529:2008 2503:2008 2477:2017 2447:2017 2417:2013 2387:2008 2361:2008 2332:2012 2306:2019 2280:2013 2250:2013 2212:2019 2187:2013 2144:2020 2114:ISSN 2077:2020 2028:ISBN 2001:2009 1975:2020 1949:2020 1841:2015 1778:2021 1748:2016 1722:2008 1696:2009 1665:2013 1631:2013 1604:2013 1577:2008 1551:2013 1519:2013 1492:2013 1457:2013 1431:2008 1401:2013 899:roof 413:and 186:Mast 2104:doi 2020:doi 920:or 914:CNG 814:LPG 195:Cab 172:2–3 156:Yes 136:CNG 99:PIT 3143:: 3098:. 3059:. 2948:. 2922:. 2918:. 2900:. 2896:. 2827:. 2749:, 2727:. 2675:. 2649:. 2623:. 2597:. 2571:. 2545:. 2519:. 2467:. 2463:. 2437:. 2433:. 2395:^ 2377:. 2351:. 2334:. 2270:. 2220:^ 2203:. 2160:, 2134:. 2112:. 2100:16 2098:. 2094:. 2068:. 2026:. 1965:. 1940:. 1907:. 1875:. 1857:. 1813:. 1794:. 1764:. 1712:. 1682:. 1651:. 1639:^ 1527:^ 1465:^ 1409:^ 1160:. 1134:. 916:, 912:, 889:, 885:, 881:, 454:. 279:. 251:, 247:, 243:, 239:, 228:A 2964:. 2934:. 2882:. 2839:. 2813:. 2790:. 2713:. 2687:. 2661:. 2635:. 2609:. 2583:. 2557:. 2531:. 2505:. 2479:. 2449:. 2419:. 2389:. 2363:. 2308:. 2282:. 2252:. 2214:. 2189:. 2146:. 2120:. 2106:: 2079:. 2036:. 2022:: 2003:. 1977:. 1951:. 1911:. 1879:. 1861:. 1843:. 1817:. 1780:. 1750:. 1724:. 1698:. 1667:. 1633:. 1606:. 1579:. 1553:. 1521:. 1494:. 1459:. 1433:. 1403:. 64:) 60:( 50:. 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index