267:
283:
119:
275:
291:
299:
1166:
33:
228:
396:: Similar to a regular fork, but may be shorter, or have one of the outer tines shaped differently. Often, a "salad fork" in the silverware service of some restaurants (especially chains) may be simply a second fork; conversely, some restaurants may omit it, offering only one fork in their service.
195:
became a greater part of the
Italian diet, continued to gain popularity, displacing the long wooden spike formerly used since the fork's three spikes proved better suited to gathering the noodles. By the 14th century the table fork had become commonplace in Italy, and by 1600 was almost universal
403:
fork with a metal shaft loosely fitted inside a hollow plastic handle. The shaft protrudes through the top of the handle, ending in a crank, that allows the metal part of the fork to be easily rotated with one hand while the other hand is holding the plastic handle. This supposedly allows
356:): Any of several different special types of forks designed to eat desserts, such as a pastry fork. They usually have only three tines and are smaller than standard dinner forks. The leftmost tine may be widened so as to provide an edge with which to cut (though it is never sharpened).
114:
and silver forks were used, many surviving examples of which are displayed in museums around Europe. Use varied according to local customs, social class, and the type of food, but in earlier periods forks were mostly used as cooking and serving utensils.
426:
fork: A utensil with tines at one end of the stem and a spoon at the other. It was used to eat food that would otherwise be messy to eat such as items preserved in syrup. The tine end could spear the item, while the other end could be used to spoon the
250:
seeing it as "excessive delicacy". It was not until the 18th century that the fork became commonly used in Great
Britain, although some sources say that forks were common in France, England and Sweden already by the early 17th century.
95:
tomb (in Ta-kua-liang, Suide County, Shaanxi) depicts three hanging two-pronged forks in a dining scene. Similar forks have also been depicted on top of a stove in a scene at another
Eastern Han tomb (in Suide County, Shaanxi).
246:
in a volume of writings on his
Italian travels (1611), but for many years it was viewed as an unmanly Italian affectation. Some writers of the Roman Catholic Church expressly disapproved of its use;
528:
1156:
614:
A Mediterranean Feast: The Story of the Birth of the
Celebrated Cuisines of the Mediterranean from the Merchants of Venice to the Barbary Corsairs, with More than 500 Recipes
1154:
146:
was in limited use. By the 10th century, the table fork was in common use throughout the Middle East. Chronographers mention the astonishment that the
Byzantine princess
386:
Pickle fork: A long handled fork used for extracting pickles from a jar. The fork has an overall length of 5.5 to 8 inches (140 to 200 mm) and two or three narrow
142:) Empire, where they were in common use by the 4th century. Records show that by the 9th century in some elite circles of Persia a similar utensil known as a
1155:
532:
323:
Chip fork: A two-pronged disposable fork, usually made out of sterile wood (though increasingly of plastic), specifically designed for the eating of
365:
fork: A narrow fork, usually having two tines, long shaft and an insulating handle, typically of wood, for dipping bread into a pot containing sauce
150:
caused to the westerners, because she was using a fork instead of her hands when she was eating (she moved to the west because she married the
64:') is a utensil, now usually made of metal, whose long handle terminates in a head that branches into several narrow and often slightly curved
440:: A fork, usually having two tines, very long metal shaft and sometimes an insulating handle, for toasting food over coals or an open flame.
851:
307:
176:
in 1004. Damian condemned the fork as "vanity". The same story (with Maria
Argyropoulina) was mistakenly said about the Byzantine princess
224:, gaining some currency in Spain, and gradually spreading to France. The rest of Europe did not adopt the fork until the 18th century.
898:
327:(chips) and other takeaway foods. Chip forks range from 7.5 to 9 cm (3.0 to 3.5 in) long. In Germany they are known as
938:
1108:
1051:
1031:
800:
740:
627:
594:
569:
1216:
771:
816:
346:: A short, sharp and narrow three-pronged or two-pronged fork designed to easily extract meat when consuming cooked crab.
514:
672:
496:
Science and
Civilisation in China. Volume 6: Biology and biological technology. Part V: Fermentations and food science.
209:
266:
1221:
713:
36:
From left to right: dessert fork, relish fork, salad fork, dinner fork, cold cuts fork, serving fork, carving fork
408:
to be easily wound onto the tines. Electric variations of this fork have become more prevalent in modern times.
950:
1226:
154:
282:
883:
857:
340:
Cocktail fork: A small fork resembling a trident, used for spearing cocktail garnishes such as olives.
1190:
1206:
688:
Amandine
Meunier, "Fourchette et bonnes manières", Books n° 86, novembre / décembre 2017, Books.fr
205:
177:
196:
among the merchant and upper classes. It was proper for a guest to arrive with his own fork and
191:
before other
European regions because of historical ties with the Eastern Roman Empire and, as
24:
1041:
1000:
877:
730:
619:
612:
20:
1186:
902:
213:
135:
8:
255:
162:
151:
1104:
1085:
1047:
1043:
The Art of the Table: A Complete Guide to Table Setting, Table Manners, and Tableware
1027:
796:
736:
709:
668:
623:
590:
565:
545:
Sherlock, D. (1988) A combination Roman eating implement (1988). Antiquaries Journal
387:
188:
173:
65:
1081:
1077:
687:
247:
166:
118:
643:
91:(c. 1600–c. 1050 BC), as well as later Chinese dynasties. A stone carving from an
1098:
790:
775:
732:
Culture of the Fork: A Brief History of Everyday Food and Haute Cuisine in Europe
703:
664:
The Role of the Scroll: An Illustrated Introduction to Scrolls in the Middle Ages
662:
559:
353:
334:
239:
231:
221:
1211:
450:
181:
170:
131:
53:
320:. They are often sold with carving knives or slicers as part of a carving set.
274:
1200:
1171:
1089:
470:
437:
243:
187:
By the 11th century, the table fork had become increasingly prevalent in the
100:
88:
84:
254:
The fork did not become popular in North America until near the time of the
699:
400:
324:
317:
313:
158:
107:
216:'s mother, only by the 16th century, when they had become part of Italian
349:
92:
69:
45:
1131:
208:'s entourage. Although in Portugal forks were first used around 1450 by
1174:
was created from a revision of this article dated 10 May 2006
393:
380:
290:
81:
557:
405:
343:
217:
147:
61:
414:: A utensil combining characteristics of a spoon, a fork and a knife
368:
Ice cream fork: A spoon with flat tines used for some desserts. See
298:
819:. The International Guild of Hospitality & Restaurant Managers
705:
Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations
258:. The four-tine design became current in the early 19th century.
68:
with which one can spear foods either to hold them to cut with a
41:
32:
430:
Terrapin fork: A spoon with flat tines used for some soups. See
316:: A two-pronged fork used to hold meat steady while it is being
227:
423:
362:
123:
111:
981:
969:
886:
reuses information from other sources but does not name them.
465:
460:
455:
431:
417:
411:
375:
369:
197:
192:
939:
what's this do? carving fork doodad - practicalmachinist.com
420:: A utensil combining characteristics of a spoon and a fork.
184:
and was confused with Maria Argyropoulina by later authors.
529:"Fitzwilliam Museum – A combination Roman eating implement"
310:: A fork designed for serving bread from a basket or tray.
278:
Carving knife and carving forks. Note folding fork guards.
134:, the personal table fork was most likely invented in the
80:
Bone forks have been found in archaeological sites of the
708:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 46–47.
587:
Firsts: Origins of Everyday Things that Changed the World
831:
817:"Table Forks of the Medieval & Renaissance Period"
242:
was slower. Its use was first described in English by
165:
brought some golden forks to Venice, when she married
928:. London, UK: Bloomsbury – via Credo Reference.
788:
754:
752:
204:; this usage was introduced to the French court with
1001:"A Short History of the Fork - The Art of the Table"
553:
551:
1100:
Consider the Fork: A History of How We Cook and Eat
609:
1134:Forks from the Greco-Roman era to the 17th century
749:
611:
558:James, Peter; Thorpe, Nick; Thorpe, I. J. (1995).
548:
508:
506:
504:
1198:
1039:
987:
975:
294:Right handed pastry fork with widened left tine
501:
735:. Columbia University Press. pp. 14–18.
584:
270:An ice cream fork from the early 20th century
103:, large forks were used as cooking utensils.
849:
328:
896:
1132:Cutlery of the Middle Ages and Renaissance
722:
512:
498:Cambridge University Press. Pages 105–110.
352:(alternatively, pudding fork/cake fork in
515:"The Uncommon Origins of the Common Fork"
1182:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
1165:
1067:
1021:
880:. bookrags.com (2 November 2010).
837:
490:
488:
486:
297:
289:
281:
273:
265:
226:
117:
31:
1068:Sherlock, David (2007). "Roman Forks".
926:Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink
923:
661:Kelly, Thomas Forrest (30 April 2019).
1199:
1096:
772:"Livro de Cozinha da Infanta D. Maria"
758:
728:
698:
660:
483:
220:, did forks enter into common use in
180:who came to Venice to marry the Doge
618:. William Morrow Cookbooks. p.
899:"popularhistoria.se at archive.org"
130:Although its origin may go back to
13:
1152:
1015:
792:Daily life in the Byzantine Empire
210:Infanta Beatrice, Duchess of Viseu
14:
1238:
1125:
1040:Von Drachenfels, Susanne (2000).
564:. Ballantine Books. p. 305.
261:
1164:
993:
943:
932:
917:
890:
871:
856:, Charing Worth, archived from
843:
809:
782:
764:
692:
681:
1082:10.1080/00665983.2007.11020711
1024:The evolution of useful things
789:Rautman, Marcus Louis (2006).
667:. W. W. Norton & Company.
654:
636:
603:
578:
539:
521:
72:or to lift them to the mouth.
1:
1026:, New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
476:
333:(literally 'chip fork') and '
302:Two-pronged wooden chip forks
157:). In addition, according to
126:during the 8th or 9th century
610:Wright, Clifford A. (1999).
7:
1217:Ancient Egyptian technology
650:. National Maritime Museum.
444:
200:enclosed in a box called a
10:
1243:
955:Victoria and Albert Museum
853:Types of Cutlery in the UK
75:
18:
924:Mariani, John F. (2014).
795:. Greenwood. p. 47.
729:Rebora, Giovanni (2013).
644:"The history of the fork"
513:Ward, Chad (6 May 2009).
234:silver fork (4th century)
161:, the Byzantine princess
1222:Ancient Roman technology
1046:. Simon & Schuster.
1022:Petroski, Henry (1992),
589:(F ed.). Penguin.
238:The fork's adoption in
1160:
1140:Listen to this article
1070:Archaeological Journal
648:Royal Museum Greenwich
585:Casey, Wilson (2009).
329:
303:
295:
287:
286:Carving fork from 1640
279:
271:
235:
127:
57:
37:
25:Forks (disambiguation)
1159:
850:Charing Worh (2014),
301:
293:
285:
277:
269:
230:
122:Bronze forks made in
121:
35:
21:Fork (disambiguation)
1191:More spoken articles
988:Von Drachenfels 2000
976:Von Drachenfels 2000
778:on 30 November 2011.
517:. Leite's Culinaria.
214:Manuel I of Portugal
206:Catherine de' Medici
87:(2400–1900 BC), the
19:For other uses, see
1097:Wilson, B. (2012).
535:on 7 December 2008.
383:for the tea service
256:American Revolution
163:Maria Argyropoulina
1227:Chinese inventions
1161:
561:Ancient inventions
399:Spaghetti fork: A
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
236:
152:Holy Roman Emperor
128:
38:
1157:
1110:978-0-465-02176-5
1053:978-0-684-84732-0
1033:978-0-6797-4039-1
1005:foodreference.com
897:Anette Rasmsson.
887:
802:978-0-313-32437-6
742:978-0-231-51845-1
629:978-0-688-15305-2
596:978-1-59257-924-2
571:978-0-345-40102-1
189:Italian peninsula
178:Theodora Doukaina
174:Pietro II Orseolo
169:, the son of the
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901:. Archived from
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860:on 24 March 2014
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774:. Archived from
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531:. Archived from
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494:Needham (2000).
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248:St. Peter Damian
167:Giovanni Orseolo
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1103:. Basic Books.
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905:on 31 July 2010
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222:Southern Europe
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1076:(1): 249–267.
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451:Fork etiquette
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132:Ancient Greece
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1114:. Retrieved
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1057:. Retrieved
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983:
971:
959:. Retrieved
954:
951:"Bread Fork"
945:
934:
925:
919:
907:. Retrieved
903:the original
892:
878:bookrags.com
873:
862:, retrieved
858:the original
852:
845:
833:
821:. Retrieved
811:
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784:
776:the original
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541:
533:the original
523:
495:
350:Dessert fork
325:french fries
314:Carving fork
253:
237:
201:
186:
159:Peter Damian
143:
139:
129:
108:Roman Empire
105:
98:
79:
49:
39:
29:
961:12 December
759:Wilson 2012
359:Dinner fork
330:Pommesgabel
93:Eastern Han
46:kitchenware
1201:Categories
1187:Audio help
1178:2006-05-10
909:6 February
823:8 December
477:References
394:Salad fork
381:Lemon fork
308:Bread fork
82:Bronze Age
1090:0066-5983
1059:7 October
406:spaghetti
344:Crab fork
218:etiquette
148:Theophanu
140:Byzantine
62:pitchfork
1189: ·
864:24 March
702:(1988).
445:See also
232:Sasanian
1176: (
1147:minutes
401:novelty
212:, King
155:Otto II
106:In the
76:History
42:cutlery
1116:5 June
1107:
1088:
1050:
1030:
957:. 2021
799:
739:
712:
671:
626:
593:
568:
427:syrup.
424:Sucket
363:Fondue
318:carved
202:cadena
144:barjyn
124:Persia
112:bronze
52:(from
1212:Forks
882:This
466:Spork
461:Spoon
456:Knife
432:spork
418:Spork
412:Sporf
388:tines
376:Knork
370:spork
198:spoon
193:pasta
70:knife
66:tines
58:furca
54:Latin
1118:2024
1105:ISBN
1086:ISSN
1061:2023
1048:ISBN
1028:ISBN
963:2021
911:2019
866:2014
825:2011
797:ISBN
737:ISBN
710:ISBN
669:ISBN
624:ISBN
591:ISBN
566:ISBN
171:Doge
50:fork
48:, a
23:and
1078:doi
1074:164
99:In
44:or
40:In
1203::
1084:.
1072:.
1003:.
953:.
751:^
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138:(
60:'
27:.
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