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battle at
Durazzo. Guiscard ordered another attack three days later, but the results were still more disastrous for the Normans. Selvo was completely convinced of his fleet's victory and sent all damaged ships north to Venice for repairs, to free them for other uses, and to report of their victory. The Doge then retired with the remaining ships to the Albanian coast to await the departure of the Normans. Acting on the Doge's belief that a third attack would be unlikely and that the presence of a slightly depleted Venetian fleet meant greater odds for victory, Guiscard summoned every floating vessel he could find and led the Normans into a surprise attack. His strategy, though perhaps risky, was ultimately well-calculated as it caused mass confusion among the Venetians, who were overwhelmed on all flanks, while the Greeks fled what they assumed to be a losing battle. Selvo barely managed to retreat with the remainder of his fleet, but not before 3,000 Venetians died and another 2,500 were taken prisoner. The Venetians also lost 9 great galleys, the largest and most heavily armed ships in their
584:. In the coming months, Guiscard would regroup his forces and defeat a large Byzantine army led by Alexios I himself. In 1082, Guiscard took the city of Durazzo, and as the Venetian sailors were forced out of the city and their ships vacated the harbor of Durazzo, the first victory by Venice against the Norman fleet appeared just a temporary setback for the Normans. Due to the new trade privileges and the fact that virtually no damage was inflicted on the Venetians during this siege, Selvo remained very popular in Venice. Meanwhile, Guiscard advanced rapidly across the Balkan Peninsula, but his march was halted by an urgent dispatch and a call for help from his greatest ally, Pope Gregory VII. Guiscard responded by returning to Italy and marching on Rome to temporarily expel Henry IV, but in the process, he lost almost all the territories he had gained in the Balkans. Knowing that Guiscard was gone, in 1083, Selvo sent the Venetian fleet to recapture both Durazzo and the island of
696:. Although his deposition did not immediately change the system, it was one of many important changes of power in a society that was in the process of moving away from a monarchy and toward a government led by an elected official. Following the battles at Corfu, Selvo was seen by many as inept and incapable of handling the duties that a Doge must perform. His apparent squandering of nearly the entire fleet coupled with a decade-long distrust for his royal wife caused Selvo to become unpopular in Venice. By responding to the will of the people, Selvo helped shape a society that would eventually create a complicated system to check the power of its most influential members, create cooperative governmental branches that checked each other's power, and fuse the nation into a classical republic.
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664:, and Venetian merchants were given a full exemption from all taxes and duties throughout the territories of the Byzantine Empire. Not only did this aid the rapid economic growth of Venice in the next few centuries by giving Venetian goods a significant price advantage over other foreign goods, but it initiated a long period of artistic, cultural, and military relationships between Venice and Byzantium. This combination of eastern and western cultural influences made Venice a symbolic gateway between the east and the west in
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of medieval
Venetian wealth and power. The church is also a monument to the great Byzantine influence on Venetian art and culture throughout its history, but particularly in the 11th century. Though Selvo did not oversee the beginning or completion of St Mark's Basilica, his rule covered a longer period of its construction than the other two Doges who oversaw the project. The Doge decreed that all Venetian merchants returning from the east had to bring back marbles or fine carvings to decorate St Mark's. The first
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495:. Though Venetians, especially the nobles, were wary of the pageantry that accompanied the marriage and the royal bride, the strengthened alliance meant even greater mobility for Venetian merchants in the east. Though the popularity of the new dogaressa was not great, Selvo was the hero of the merchant class that had had even greater political sway since the depositions of the Orseoli.
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provide the
Venetians a great economic and strategic advantage throughout the eastern empire for centuries. According to the terms of the decree, annual grants were awarded to all the churches in Venice (including a special gift to the coffers of St Mark's), the Republic was granted whole sections of the
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At the beginning of Selvo's rule, he took over responsibility for the third construction of St. Mark's
Basilica. This final and most famous version of the church, whose construction was begun by Domenico Contarini and finished by Vitale Faliero in 1094, remains an important symbol of the long periods
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than any other Doge. The basilica's complex architecture and expensive decorations stand as a testament to the prosperity of
Venetian traders during this period. The essentially democratic way in which he not only was elected but also removed from power was part of an important transition of Venetian
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Several centuries later, in order to diminish the power of the most influential families of Venice, a complicated process to elect a Doge was set up. Thirty members of the Great
Council, chosen by lot, were reduced by lot to nine; the nine chose forty and the forty were reduced by lot to twelve, who
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After Selvo was deposed, it took several years for Venice to recover from the defeat at Corfu and for the
Venetians to fully realize the immediate impact of his actions as Doge. When Venice provided military aid to the Byzantine Empire, they were awarded a Golden Bull by Emperor Alexios I that would
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When the battered fleet returned to Venice, news of the defeat spread throughout the city to mixed reactions. Though some were willing to forgive the defeat considering the circumstances, many others needed someone to blame for the loss that was considerable not only in human and material terms, but
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In 1032, Barbolano himself was deposed by those who wished to restore power to Otto
Orseolo, but the former Doge lay dying in Constantinople and was unable to return from exile. Domenico Orseolo, a younger brother of Otto and a rather unpopular figure in Venice, attempted to seize the throne without
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What little is known of Selvo's past is based mostly on accounts of his reputation when he entered his
Dogeship. Details of his family origins and even the year of his birth are unknown, but it can be assumed that he was a Venetian noble because, with the rare exception of Domenico Flabanico, only
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When Selvo approached the city, Guiscard's ships had already anchored in the harbor at
Durazzo. Though the battle was fierce, superior tactics by the skilled Venetian fleet overpowered the inexperienced Normans who were mostly used to land battles. The battered fleet led by Guiscard retreated into
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of Venice asked "who would be worthy of his nation," the crowds chanted, "Domenicum Silvium volumus et laudamus" (We want Domenico Selvo and we praise him). The people, according to the account, had clearly spoken, and with these cries, the election was over. A group of more distinguished citizens
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It is difficult to tell if Selvo truly was at fault for the defeat in the third battle with the Norman fleet near Corfu, but according to Hazlitt and Norwich, almost all accounts name Selvo as an heroic figure who nearly overcame an unlikely counterattack. This claim is based mostly on anecdotal
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By gaining power through a vote of confidence from the people and then willingly surrendering power, Selvo, like many other Doges who underwent similar transitions, left a long-term impact on the succession process that would eventually become a model for peaceful, anti-nepotistic transitions of
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also symbolically. The people of Venice had been humiliated by an upstart nation with practically no naval experience. Though Guiscard would die the next year and the Norman threat would quickly disappear, a scapegoat was needed at that moment. A faction of influential Venetians, possibly led by
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In 1084, Guiscard returned to the Balkans and planned a new offensive against Corfu, where a combined Greek-Venetian fleet, commanded by Selvo, awaited his arrival. When the Normans approached the island, the combined fleets dealt Guiscard an even greater defeat than he had received in the naval
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Selvo is notable for being the first Doge in the history of Venice whose election was recorded by an eyewitness, a parish priest of the church of San Michele Archangelo by the name of Domenico Tino. The account gives historians a valuable glimpse of the power of the popular will of the Venetian
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waiting for the formality of an election, but as soon as he tried this, his many enemies, including those who pushed for the reinstatement of Otto, grew outraged that an Orseolo would assume the throne simply because he was the son of Pietro II. The power of the Doge was severely checked, and
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in the years following the deposition of Otto Orseolo. However, one fact remained: based on their actions in the first half of the 11th century, the majority of the people of Venice were clearly not in favor of having a royal hereditary class. This reality, coupled with the fresh memories of
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at a time in European history when conflict threatened to upset the balance of power. At the same time, he forged new agreements with the major nations that would set up a long period of prosperity for the Republic of Venice. Through his military alliance with the Byzantine Empire, Emperor
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and Hazlitt cites several sources that state that only 13,000 Venetians were present at the battle at all. The entirety of the Venetian fleet was not destroyed, so Hazlitt's numbers seem to be more believable. The entirety of Anna Komnene's account can be found in Book VI of
561:, the newly crowned Byzantine Emperor, dispatched an urgent message to Selvo asking for the mobilization of the Venetian fleet in defense of Durazzo in return for great rewards. The Doge wasted no time in setting sail for the besieged city in charge of his fleet of 14
439:. There were few armed conflicts at home or abroad, and the Doge enjoyed a period of popularity due to the prosperous economic conditions. The relations with the Holy Roman Empire were gradually strengthened to a level unknown since the reign of the last
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based on later writings, led a popular revolt to depose Selvo, and in December 1084 they succeeded. Selvo apparently did not make a great effort to defend himself and was sent off to a monastery. He died three years later in 1087, and was buried in the
217:. The reputed arrogance and ambition of these Doges caused the deterioration of the relationship with the Holy Roman Empire in the west, the stagnancy of the relationship with the Byzantine Empire in the east, and discord at home in the Republic.
293:, a successful merchant, was called by the people to the position of Doge. During his 11-year reign Flabanico enacted several key reforms that would restrict the power of future Doges, including a law forbidding the election of a son of a Doge.
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chose twenty-five. The twenty-five were reduced by lot to nine and the nine elected forty-five. Then the forty-five were once more reduced by lot to eleven, and the eleven finally chose the forty-one who actually elected the doge. Norwich.
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In the east, Selvo not only maintained good trade relations with the Byzantine Empire, but also married into their royal family to consolidate the alliance that had existed for many years between the two nations. In 1075, Selvo married
463:. Selvo had to walk an extremely tight line of competing priorities. On the one hand, he wanted to maintain the trade agreement Venice had with the lands occupied by Henry IV, but on the other hand, Venetians were religiously loyal to
577:: a decree by Emperor Alexios I Komnenos granting Venice many privileges, including a tax exemption for Venetian merchants, that would be crucial for the future economic and political expansion of Venice in the eastern Mediterranean.
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the harbor after losing many ships. Victorious at sea, Selvo left the fleet under the command of his son and returned to Venice a hero. Because of the help given to the Byzantine Empire, in 1082 the Republic of Venice was awarded a
273:(named after Otto III), assumed the title of Doge upon Pietro II's death in 1009, thereby becoming the youngest Doge in Venetian history at the age of 16. Scandal marked much of Otto's reign as he showed a clear inclination toward
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was under construction at the time, but the new church was also spacious enough to hold a fairly large number of people. The location also proved ideal for the election of a new Doge for the very same reasons.
262:, who displayed his friendship to him by restoring previously seized lands to Venice, opening up routes of free trade between the two states, and exempting all Venetians from taxes in the Holy Roman Empire.
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by expelling the Byzantine armies. Guiscard was pushing north toward the Papal States (to which the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria was allied), and was threatening Byzantine control of cities along the
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The defeat off the coast of Durazzo, though devastating to Guiscard's fleet, had inflicted little damage to his army as the majority of it had disembarked before the battle in preparation of the
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had plagued the popular belief that Venetians held democratic control over their leaders. The events of Selvo's election occurred in the spring of 1071, when the nearly thirty-year reign of Doge
986:, are hard to verify historically. Norwich calls Selvo the 29th Doge, but others (e.g., Hazlitt, Rendina) either call him solely the 31st Doge or provide some distinction to clarify the issue.
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According to Tino's account, on the day of the election, Selvo was attending mass for the funeral of the late Doge at the new monastery church of San Nicolò built under Domenico Contarini on
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on the Venetian Republic, but Selvo was able to narrowly escape this by diplomatically asserting Venice's religious power as the reputed holders of the remains of St Mark.
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Hazlitt and Norwich list different numbers of casualties, but it is more probable that Norwich, who says 13,000 Venetians died, is mistaken as the only source he cites
300:(1043–1071) had a relatively uneventful reign, healing the rift between the Doge and his subjects and regaining territory that had been lost in the east to the
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Despite the relative peace of the early years of Selvo's reign, the forces that would eventually lead to his deposition had already swung into action. In southern
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then lifted the Doge-elect above the roaring crowd, and he was transported as such back to the city. Barefoot, in accordance with tradition, Selvo was led into
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The Republic of Venice, the Norman states of Apulia & Calabria and the County of Sicily, ruled by Robert Guiscard, and the other states surrounding the
1243:
414:. Domenico Tino says "an innumerable multitude of people, virtually all Venice" was there to voice their opinion on the selection of a new Doge. After the
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and 45 other vessels. Selvo was motivated not only by his familial ties and the promise of reward, but also the realization that Norman control over the
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prior to his election as Doge. Being connected to the relatively popular Doge might have been one of the causes for his own apparent initial popularity.
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members of this class were elected to the position of Doge at this point in the Republic's history. Selvo supposedly belonged to a family in the
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on Venetian-produced goods helped foster a new age of prosperity in the Republic as Venetian merchants could undercut the competition in the
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evidence and it clearly did not weigh heavily enough on the minds of the Venetians who overthrew Selvo based on the outcome of the battle.
447:. The importance of the economic alliance between the two nations became increasingly crucial when the historically shared power of the
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136:, serving from 1071 to 1084. During his reign as Doge, his domestic policies, the alliances that he forged, and the battles that the
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427:, received his staff of office, heard the oaths of fidelity from his subjects, and was legally sworn in as the 31st Doge of Venice.
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As the power and reputation of Pietro II grew, the Venetian people began to wonder if he was secretly planning to establish a
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as can be seen in most of the references for this article, including Norwich and the official website for St Mark's Basilica.
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2049:* deposed †executed or assassinated ‡ killed in battle ♦ abdicated
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The correct modern spelling of many of the early Doges is difficult to pinpoint. In some older texts, one might encounter
240:, and the Holy Roman Empire, and put an end to the infighting among the citizens of Venice. Pietro II's negotiations with
1569:
Wolff, Larry (1997). "Venice and the Slavs of Dalmatia: The Drama of the Adriatic Empire in the Venetian Enlightenment".
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Map of Italy in 1000 showing Byzantine control over southern Italy and the subsequent proximity to the Holy Roman Empire
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became the Doge and spent his reign pushing the boundaries of the Republic further east down the western coast of the
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Although, according to Norwich, there is some doubt as to whether the Doge was in command of the fleet this time.
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Venice: its Individual Growth from the Earliest Beginnings to the Fall of the Republic. The Middle Ages: Part I.
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285:, had such difficulty in attempting to unite the city that it seemed infighting would once again seize Venice.
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in the early history of the republic that further blurred the lines between the powers of the Doge, the common
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would be just as great of a threat to Venetian power in the region as it would be to their ally in the east.
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by elevating several relatives to positions of power. In 1026, he was deposed by his enemies and exiled to
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military won and lost laid the foundations for much of the subsequent foreign and domestic policy of the
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that would allow for the development of the republic's international trade over the next few centuries.
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The Emperor flung open to them the gates of the Orient. On that day, Venetian world trade began.
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During the first decade of his rule, Selvo's policies were largely a continuation of those of
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of the Byzantine Empire. Similarly, Pietro II had success developing a new relationship with
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Grubb, James S. (1986). "When Myths Lose Power: Four Decades of Venetian Historiography".
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Within the city itself, he supervised a longer period of the construction of the modern
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through relatively free trade and the good relationship that Selvo maintained with
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Though Venetian legends consider Selvo to be the 31st Doge, the first two Doges,
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The Venetian Republic: Its Rise, its Growth, and its Fall. A.D. 409–1797
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political philosophy. The overthrow of his rule in 1084 was one of many
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where, amidst the construction materials and scaffolding, he prayed to
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seas. In May 1081, Guiscard led his army and navy across the sea to
398:. The location was ideal for the funeral of a Doge not only because
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Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations
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were started in the basilica under the supervision of Selvo.
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Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies
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people. Over the previous two centuries, the rule of quasi-
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awarded Venice economic favors with the declaration of a
1397:, Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
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power-hungry Doges, set the stage for Domenico Selvo.
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Venetia, citta nobilissima et singolare, descritta...
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in 932, Venice saw a string of inept leaders such as
527:, had spent the majority of his reign consolidating
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After the funeral, a large crowd assembled in their
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1544:The Dogaressas of Venice (the wives of the Doges)
1443:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
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997:Christian History Maps, Part Two: Middle Ages
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362:Boaters with San Nicolò in the background on
1412:. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, W.
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269:. Their fears were confirmed when his son,
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1531:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1458:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1423:, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1294:Gallicciolli, Giovanni Battista. (1795).
679:were first commissioned by Domenico Selvo
2588:(1423–57) was forced to abdicate by the
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346:and he was certainly ducal counselor to
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1445:, Vol. 116, No. 5. (October 13, 1972).
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431:Peace and prosperity (1071–1080)
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144:. He avoided confrontations with the
2597:(1789–97) was forced to abdicate by
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491:and sister of the reigning emperor,
1008:University of California, Riverside
370:in the 18th century as depicted by
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13:
1421:Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice
1366:, London: Adam and Charles Black.
1021:Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice
553:, as it was one end of the famous
14:
2649:
1557:, New York: G.P. Putnam's sons.
1298:, Venezia: D. Fracasso, Vol. VI.
1188:Biografia dei 120 Dogi di Venezia
600:Robert Guiscard as depicted on a
335:origin, possibly from one of the
1687:
1546:, New York: C. Scribner's sons.
747:Venice and the Slavs of Dalmatia
531:power along the heel and toe of
16:Doge of Venice from 1071 to 1084
1270:
1230:
1204:
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1124:
989:
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387:came to an end upon his death.
2603:Fall of the Republic of Venice
1529:Family Power in Southern Italy
1513:, lib. xii, Bergamo: Leading.
1068:Family Power in Southern Italy
1010:. Retrieved on March 27, 2007.
752:
739:
705:
1:
2638:Burials at St Mark's Basilica
2064:Republican period (1148–1797)
1509:Sansovino, Francesco. (1581)
1393:McClellan, George B. (1904).
1312:The Journal of Modern History
1287:
188:
2633:11th-century Doges of Venice
1480:, New York: Vintage Books.
1382:, London: Penguin Classics.
1296:Delle memorie venete antiche
1254:Retrieved on March 27, 2007.
1201:Retrieved on March 27, 2007.
874:Delle memorie venete antiche
592:Defeat and deposition (1084)
308:
201:Beginning with the reign of
7:
1527:Skinner, Patricia. (2003).
1321:University of Chicago Press
1302:DG676.3 .G3 Pre-1801 Coll.
1246:September 27, 2007, at the
521:Duke of Apulia and Calabria
10:
2654:
1713:Byzantine period (697–737)
1542:Staley, Edgcumbe. (1910).
1491:Rendina, Claudio. (2003).
1404:Molmenti, Pompeo. (1906).
1197:. Cronologia.leonardo.it.
1154:which is referenced below.
1002:February 17, 2007, at the
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132:(died 1087) was the 31st
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1893:Giovanni II Participazio
1871:Giustiniano Participazio
1495:, Rome: Newton Compton.
1493:I dogi: Storia e segreti
1055:The Dogaressas of Venice
861:I dogi: Storia e segreti
699:
1876:Giovanni I Participazio
1860:Obelerio degli Antenori
1807:Ducal period (742–1148)
1553:Wiel, Alethea. (1894).
1395:The Oligarchy of Venice
1250:. Basilicasanmarco.it.
822:The Oligarchy of Venice
457:Investiture Controversy
2577:
2484:Marcantonio Giustinian
1753:
1419:Muir, Edward. (1986).
680:
653:
604:
512:
455:was challenged by the
375:
331:who were allegedly of
228:with his conquests in
198:
40:Seal of Domenico Selvo
2469:Domenico II Contarini
1441:. "Venice hologram".
890:When Myths Lose Power
848:The Venetian Republic
809:The Venetian Republic
674:
639:
599:
506:
459:between Henry IV and
361:
281:, but his successor,
253:international markets
196:
154:Roman Catholic Church
2338:Marcantonio Trivisan
2179:Bartolomeo Gradenigo
1997:Domenico I Contarini
1921:Orso II Participazio
1866:Agnello Participazio
1723:Paolo Lucio Anafesto
1632:Domenico I Contarini
1474:Norwich, John Julius
1281:, pp. 164–167.
1267:, pp. 164–167.
1241:I Dogi e la Basilica
1227:, pp. 415–442.
1097:Byzantium and Venice
1081:Byzantium and Venice
1037:Byzantium and Venice
980:Paolo Lucio Anafesto
876:, pp. 124–126.
850:, pp. 134–143.
811:, pp. 115–133.
773:Byzantium and Venice
549:to the port city of
314:Life before Dogeship
58:Domenico I Contarini
2520:Alvise III Mocenigo
2515:Giovanni II Cornaro
2424:Francesco Contarini
1936:Pietro III Candiano
1931:Pietro Participazio
1888:Orso I Participazio
1728:Marcello Tegalliano
1478:A History of Venice
1279:A History of Venice
1265:A History of Venice
1212:A History of Venice
1165:A History of Venice
1119:A History of Venice
995:Jacobs, Andrew S. "
984:Marcello Tegalliano
941:A History of Venice
903:A History of Venice
793:A History of Venice
749:, pp. 428–455
734:A History of Venice
630:St. Mark's Basilica
394:, an island in the
267:hereditary monarchy
207:Pietro III Candiano
2550:Alvise IV Mocenigo
2499:Alvise II Mocenigo
2489:Francesco Morosini
2429:Giovanni I Cornaro
2297:Agostino Barbarigo
2257:Pasquale Malipiero
2195:Giovanni Gradenigo
1992:Domenico Flabanico
1941:Pietro IV Candiano
1926:Pietro II Candiano
1832:Domenico Monegario
1624:Political offices
1237:St Mark's Basilica
1210:Cited in Norwich.
1193:2007-02-07 at the
1121:, pp. 71–75.
1099:, pp. 59–63.
1083:, pp. 57–59.
1057:, pp. 55–60.
1039:, pp. 51–52.
1023:, pp. 78–84.
943:, pp. 67–70.
921:, pp. 76–79.
863:, pp. 16–18.
824:, pp. 39–43.
795:, pp. 49–64.
775:, pp. 43–44.
736:, pp. 39–48.
694:classical republic
681:
677:St Mark's Basilica
605:
559:Alexios I Komnenos
513:
467:as opposed to the
449:Holy Roman Emperor
437:Domenico Contarini
421:St Mark's Basilica
400:St Mark's Basilica
385:Domenico Contarini
376:
348:Domenico Contarini
341:Holy Roman Emperor
302:Kingdom of Croatia
298:Domenico Contarini
291:Domenico Flabanico
257:Holy Roman Emperor
211:Pietro IV Candiano
203:Pietro II Candiano
199:
175:forced abdications
170:St Mark's Basilica
159:Alexios I Komnenos
142:Republic of Venice
95:St Mark's Basilica
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2586:Francesco Foscari
2579:damnatio memoriae
2540:Francesco Loredan
2494:Silvestro Valiero
2459:Bertuccio Valiero
2454:Francesco Cornaro
2404:Marcantonio Memmo
2368:Sebastiano Venier
2363:Alvise I Mocenigo
2287:Giovanni Mocenigo
2251:Francesco Foscari
2174:Francesco Dandolo
2082:Vitale II Michiel
2077:Domenico Morosini
2054:
2053:
1986:Pietro Centranico
1964:Pietro II Orseolo
1899:Pietro I Candiano
1797:
1796:
1741:
1740:
1655:
1654:
1646:Succeeded by
1360:Hazlitt, W. Carew
1186:Gonzato, Franco.
892:, pp. 43–94
717:Domenicum Silvium
567:Strait of Otranto
475:Selvo and put an
469:Eastern Orthodoxy
465:Roman Catholicism
242:Byzantine Emperor
222:Pietro II Orseolo
220:However, in 991,
150:Holy Roman Empire
127:
126:
120:by his first wife
2645:
2582:
2479:Alvise Contarini
2439:Francesco Erizzo
2434:Nicolò Contarini
2378:Pasquale Cicogna
2343:Francesco Venier
2333:Francesco Donato
2313:Leonardo Loredan
2282:Andrea Vendramin
2246:Tommaso Mocenigo
2220:Michele Morosini
2215:Andrea Contarini
2169:Giovanni Soranzo
2148:Pietro Gradenigo
2143:Giovanni Dandolo
2138:Jacopo Contarini
2092:Orio Mastropiero
2087:Sebastiano Ziani
2060:
2059:
2034:Domenico Michiel
2029:Ordelafo Faliero
2013:Vitale I Michiel
1947:Pietro I Orseolo
1882:Pietro Tradonico
1843:Giovanni Galbaio
1838:Maurizio Galbaio
1803:
1802:
1774:Felice Cornicola
1758:
1755:magistri militum
1747:
1746:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1643:1071–1084
1629:Preceded by
1621:
1620:
1616:
1524:
1506:
1469:
1450:Nicol, Donald M.
1410:Horatio F. Brown
1370:DG676 .H43 1915.
1356:
1305:
1282:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1234:
1228:
1221:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1115:
1100:
1093:
1084:
1077:
1071:
1070:, pp. 3–5.
1064:
1058:
1051:
1040:
1033:
1024:
1017:
1011:
993:
987:
976:
970:
963:
957:
950:
944:
937:
922:
915:
906:
899:
893:
886:
877:
870:
864:
857:
851:
844:
825:
818:
812:
805:
796:
789:
776:
769:
763:
756:
750:
743:
737:
730:
724:
709:
651:
582:siege of Durazzo
461:Pope Gregory VII
445:Emperor Henry IV
372:Francesco Guardi
354:Election as Doge
283:Pietro Barbolano
226:Balkan Peninsula
146:Byzantine Empire
108:Theodora Dukaina
38:
19:
18:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2605:
2601:leading to the
2592:
2583:
2565:
2545:Marco Foscarini
2503:
2464:Giovanni Pesaro
2449:Carlo Contarini
2444:Francesco Molin
2399:Leonardo Donato
2387:
2373:Nicolò da Ponte
2353:Girolamo Priuli
2318:Antonio Grimani
2301:
2292:Marco Barbarigo
2277:Pietro Mocenigo
2272:Nicolò Marcello
2262:Cristoforo Moro
2229:
2200:Giovanni Dolfin
2152:
2133:Lorenzo Tiepolo
2123:Marino Morosini
2101:
2065:
2050:
2043:
2017:
1968:
1953:Vitale Candiano
1909:
1848:
1808:
1793:
1784:Jovian Ceparius
1760:
1737:
1714:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1651:
1642:
1634:
1619:
1589:10.2307/2500924
1522:
1504:
1466:
1303:
1290:
1285:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1248:Wayback Machine
1235:
1231:
1225:Venice hologram
1222:
1218:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1195:Wayback Machine
1185:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1158:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1103:
1094:
1087:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1027:
1018:
1014:
1004:Wayback Machine
994:
990:
977:
973:
964:
960:
951:
947:
938:
925:
916:
909:
900:
896:
887:
880:
871:
867:
858:
854:
845:
828:
819:
815:
806:
799:
790:
779:
770:
766:
757:
753:
744:
740:
731:
727:
710:
706:
702:
666:Southern Europe
652:
646:Charles Diehl,
645:
638:
594:
525:Robert Guiscard
501:
485:Theodora Doukas
433:
396:Venetian Lagoon
356:
323:class from the
316:
311:
238:Northern Africa
191:
122:
106:
97:
49:1071–1084
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2651:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2595:Ludovico Manin
2590:Council of Ten
2573:Marino Faliero
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2560:Ludovico Manin
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2535:Pietro Grimani
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2474:Nicolò Sagredo
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2419:Antonio Priuli
2416:
2411:
2409:Giovanni Bembo
2406:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2383:Marino Grimani
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2358:Pietro Loredan
2355:
2350:
2348:Lorenzo Priuli
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2225:Antonio Venier
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2189:Marino Faliero
2186:
2184:Andrea Dandolo
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2118:Jacopo Tiepolo
2115:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2097:Enrico Dandolo
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2008:Vitale Faliero
2005:
2002:Domenico Selvo
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1905:Pietro Tribuno
1902:
1896:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1789:John Fabriacus
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1769:Domenico Leoni
1765:
1762:
1761:
1751:Regime of the
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1705:
1704:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1649:Vitale Faliero
1647:
1644:
1639:Doge of Venice
1635:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1617:
1566:
1551:
1540:
1525:
1507:
1489:
1471:
1464:
1446:
1432:
1417:
1408:Translated by
1402:
1391:
1371:
1357:
1329:10.1086/242943
1306:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1269:
1256:
1229:
1216:
1203:
1179:
1169:
1156:
1132:
1123:
1101:
1085:
1072:
1059:
1041:
1025:
1012:
988:
971:
958:
945:
923:
907:
894:
878:
872:Gallicciolli.
865:
852:
826:
813:
797:
777:
764:
751:
738:
725:
721:Domenico Selvo
713:Domenigo Selvo
703:
701:
698:
662:Constantinople
643:
637:
634:
621:Vitale Faliero
593:
590:
588:to the south.
500:
497:
487:, daughter of
432:
429:
355:
352:
315:
312:
310:
307:
279:Constantinople
190:
187:
134:Doge of Venice
130:Domenico Selvo
125:
124:
123:Domenico Selvo
117:
111:
110:
103:
99:
98:
93:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
68:Vitale Faliero
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
28:Doge of Venice
24:
23:
22:Domenico Selvo
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2650:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2616:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Alvise Pisani
2528:
2526:
2525:Carlo Ruzzini
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2414:Nicolò Donato
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Andrea Gritti
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:Michele Steno
2239:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:Marco Cornaro
2208:
2206:
2205:Lorenzo Celsi
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2057:
2046:
2040:
2039:Pietro Polani
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Tribuno Memmo
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1826:Galla Lupanio
1824:
1821:
1820:Teodato Ipato
1818:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:Teodato Ipato
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1633:
1627:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1572:Slavic Review
1567:
1564:
1563:1-4179-3411-5
1560:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:0-521-52205-6
1534:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1519:88-86996-24-1
1516:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1501:88-8289-656-0
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1486:0-679-72197-5
1483:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1465:0-521-34157-4
1461:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:0-691-10200-7
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1388:0-14-044958-2
1385:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1374:Komnene, Anna
1372:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1213:
1207:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1016:
1009:
1005:
1001:
998:
992:
985:
981:
975:
968:
962:
955:
949:
942:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
920:
914:
912:
904:
898:
891:
885:
883:
875:
869:
862:
856:
849:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
823:
817:
810:
804:
802:
794:
788:
786:
784:
782:
774:
768:
761:
755:
748:
742:
735:
729:
722:
718:
715:(Hazlitt) or
714:
708:
704:
697:
695:
689:
687:
678:
673:
669:
667:
663:
659:
649:
642:
633:
631:
627:
622:
616:
614:
611:
603:
598:
589:
587:
583:
578:
576:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:
530:
526:
522:
518:
510:
505:
496:
494:
490:
489:Constantine X
486:
480:
478:
474:
473:excommunicate
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
428:
426:
422:
417:
413:
409:
404:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
373:
369:
368:Ascension Day
365:
360:
351:
349:
345:
342:
338:
334:
333:ancient Roman
330:
326:
322:
306:
303:
299:
294:
292:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
215:Tribuno Memmo
212:
208:
204:
195:
186:
184:
180:
176:
171:
166:
164:
160:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
121:
118:
116:
112:
109:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
29:
25:
20:
2615:
2555:Paolo Renier
2508:18th century
2392:17th century
2328:Pietro Lando
2306:16th century
2234:15th century
2164:Marino Zorzi
2157:14th century
2128:Reniero Zeno
2113:Pietro Ziani
2106:13th century
2070:12th century
2022:12th century
2001:
1980:Otto Orseolo
1973:11th century
1914:10th century
1637:
1576:
1570:
1554:
1550:DG671.5 .S7.
1543:
1528:
1523:(in Italian)
1510:
1505:(in Italian)
1492:
1477:
1454:
1442:
1439:Munk, Walter
1435:Munk, Judith
1420:
1405:
1394:
1377:
1363:
1316:
1310:
1304:(in Italian)
1295:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1252:(in Italian)
1232:
1224:
1219:
1211:
1206:
1199:(in Italian)
1182:
1172:
1164:
1163:J. Norwich,
1159:
1151:
1147:Anna Komnene
1140:
1135:
1126:
1118:
1096:
1080:
1075:
1067:
1062:
1054:
1036:
1020:
1015:
991:
974:
966:
961:
953:
948:
940:
918:
902:
897:
889:
873:
868:
860:
855:
847:
821:
816:
808:
792:
772:
767:
759:
754:
746:
741:
733:
728:
720:
716:
712:
707:
690:
682:
654:
640:
617:
606:
579:
571:
532:
514:
509:Adriatic Sea
481:
434:
405:
389:
377:
317:
295:
287:
271:Otto Orseolo
264:
247:to decrease
219:
200:
167:
129:
128:
119:
27:
2628:1087 deaths
2267:Nicolò Tron
1853:9th century
1813:8th century
1401:DG677 .M13.
1379:The Alexiad
1152:The Alexiad
1142:The Alexiad
952:Sansovino.
820:McClellan.
692:power in a
675:Mosaics in
658:Golden Horn
650:Byzantinist
575:Golden Bull
555:Via Egnatia
493:Michael VII
163:golden bull
54:Predecessor
2622:Categories
1733:Orso Ipato
1583:: 428–55.
1476:. (1989).
1416:DG676 .M7.
1376:. (1148).
1362:. (1915).
1288:References
965:Molmenti.
758:Molmenti.
534:lo Stivale
410:and armed
189:Background
181:, and the
179:electorate
152:, and the
105:First wife
1759:(738–742)
1613:163956975
1597:0037-6779
1353:143436340
1337:1537-5358
1323:: 43–94.
1263:Norwich.
1117:Norwich.
1066:Skinner.
969:, p. 209.
956:, p. 477.
939:Norwich.
905:, p. 641.
901:Norwich.
859:Rendina.
846:Hazlitt.
807:Hazlitt.
791:Norwich.
762:, p. 117.
732:Norwich.
547:lay siege
477:interdict
381:tyrannies
344:Henry III
329:Dorsoduro
321:patrician
309:Biography
64:Successor
2599:Napoleon
1452:(1988).
1244:Archived
1214:, p. 73.
1191:Archived
1053:Staley.
1000:Archived
644:—
626:loggiato
563:warships
543:Adriatic
451:and the
408:gondolas
337:tribunes
325:sestiere
275:nepotism
260:Otto III
245:Basil II
230:Dalmatia
183:nobility
138:Venetian
1605:2500924
1345:1881564
1095:Nicol.
1079:Nicol.
1035:Nicol.
954:Venetia
888:Grubb.
771:Nicol.
745:Wolff,
686:mosaics
551:Durazzo
511:in 1084
441:Orseolo
412:galleys
249:tariffs
77:Unknown
1700:Venice
1611:
1603:
1595:
1561:
1555:Venice
1535:
1517:
1499:
1484:
1462:
1427:
1386:
1351:
1343:
1335:
1223:Munk.
1019:Muir.
967:Venice
919:Venice
917:Wiel.
760:Venice
648:French
636:Legacy
539:Ionian
529:Norman
519:, the
416:bishop
234:Sicily
213:, and
148:, the
102:Spouse
90:Burial
1694:Doges
1609:S2CID
1601:JSTOR
1579:(3).
1349:S2CID
1341:JSTOR
1319:(1).
700:Notes
613:fleet
586:Corfu
517:Italy
296:Doge
115:Issue
46:Reign
1593:ISSN
1559:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1515:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1482:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1333:ISSN
1167:, 72
982:and
602:coin
541:and
453:Pope
392:Lido
364:Lido
85:1087
82:Died
74:Born
1697:of
1585:doi
1548:LCC
1414:LCC
1399:LCC
1368:LCC
1325:doi
1300:LCC
1145:by
1006:".
660:in
628:of
610:war
425:God
366:on
327:of
2624::
2593:*
2584:*
2571:â€
1862:*â€
1607:.
1599:.
1591:.
1577:56
1575:.
1521:.
1503:.
1437:;
1347:.
1339:.
1331:.
1317:58
1315:.
1239:.
1104:^
1088:^
1044:^
1028:^
926:^
910:^
881:^
829:^
800:^
780:^
668:.
632:.
615:.
523:,
236:,
209:,
185:.
2562:*
2253:*
2191:â€
2004:*
1988:*
1982:*
1955:♦
1949:♦
1943:â€
1901:‡
1895:♦
1884:â€
1878:*
1845:*
1834:*
1828:*
1822:*
1680:e
1673:t
1666:v
1615:.
1587::
1565:.
1539:.
1488:.
1470:.
1468:.
1431:.
1390:.
1355:.
1327::
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