159:(FE), a position originally called an 'Air Mechanic'. On older aircraft, typically between the late-1920s and the 1970s, the flight engineer was the crew member responsible for engines, systems and fuel management. As aircraft became increasingly sophisticated and automated, this function has been mostly assumed by the primary pilots (Captain and FO), resulting in a continued downsizing in the number of aircrew positions on commercial flights. The flight engineer's position is commonly staffed as a second officer. Flight engineers can still be found in the present day (in greatly diminished numbers), used on airline or air freight operations still flying such older aircraft. The position is typically crewed by a dual-licensed Pilot-Flight Engineer in the present day.
43:
272:
94:
165:, An airborne sensor operator (aerial sensor operator, ASO, Aerial Remote Sensing Data Acquisition Specialist, Aerial Payload Operator, Police Tactical Flight Officer, Tactical Coordinator etc.) is the functional profession of gathering information from an airborne platform (Manned or Unmanned) and/or oversee mission management systems for academic, commercial, public safety or military
128:(SO), a person lower in rank to the first officer, and who typically performs selected duties and also acts as a relief pilot. The rank of second officer was traditionally a flight engineer, who was often the person who handled the engine controls. In the 21st century, second officers on some airlines are pilots who act as "cruise relief" on long haul flights.
233:, is the crew member responsible for the safety of passengers. Historically during the early era of commercial aviation, the position was staffed by young 'cabin boys' who assisted passengers. Cabin boys were replaced by female nurses, originally called 'stewardesses'. The medical background requirement for the flight attendant position was later dropped.
141:' members in the present day are fully licensed and trained captains and first officers who accompany long-haul airline flights, and who relieve the primary pilots during designated times from the commercial operator or consented portions between the two crews to provide them with the opportunities for rest or sleep breaks to avoid the risk of
145:(some large wide-body airliners are equipped with special pilot sleeper berths, but more typically reserved seats in the section closest to the flight deck, or cockpit, are used for the relief crew). A relief crew will take over most predominantly during the middle portions of a flight when an aircraft is usually on
191:
navigation systems came online, the dedicated
Navigator's position was discontinued and its function was assumed by dual-licensed Pilot-Navigators, and still later by the aircraft's primary pilots (Captain and FO), resulting in a continued downsizing in the number of aircrew positions on commercial
342:
Crew chief, an enlisted aircraft mechanic with many various responsibilities. Primary among those are aircraft maintenance, pre-flight/postflight inspections, passenger management, acting as a doorgunner, in-air fire fighting, airspace surveillance, assisting the pilots to land the aircraft in
339:, An airborne sensor operator (Aerial Sensor Operator, Tactical Coordinator, EWO etc.) is the functional profession of gathering information from an airborne platform (Manned or Unmanned) and/or oversee mission management systems for tactical, operational and strategic remote sensing purposes.
199:
and voice radio communications between the aircraft and ground stations. As radio sets became increasingly sophisticated and easier to operate, the function was taken over directly by a FO or SO, and still later by the pilot-in-command and co-pilot, making the radio operator's position
175:(archaic), also called 'Air Navigators' or 'Flight Navigators'. A position on older aircraft, typically between the late-1910s and the 1970s, where separate crew members (sometimes two navigation crew members) were often responsible for the flight navigation, including its
86:. Some flight crew position names are derived from nautical terms and indicate a rank or command structure similar to that on ocean-going vessels, allowing for quick executive decision making during normal operations or emergency situations. Historical
1488:
1483:
332:
Airborne
Mission Systems Specialist, an aircrew member who operates some form of electronic or other type equipment such as computers, radars, or intelligence gathering equipment to assist or complete the aircraft's
261:
prior to flight, which must be within the aircraft manufacturer's prescribed limits, for safe flight. On non-cargo aircraft, weight and balance tasks are performed by the flight crew or ground handling
122:(FO, also called a co-pilot), another pilot who is normally seated to the right of the captain. (On helicopters, an FO is normally seated to the left of the captain, who occupies the right-hand seat.)
382:, a crew member responsible for air navigation. Still actively trained and licensed in some present day militaries, as electronic navigation aids can not be assumed to be operational during warfare.
195:
Radio
Operator (archaic). A position on much older aircraft, typically between the mid-1910s and the 1940s, where a separate crew member was often responsible for handling
257:
with cargo ramp (which is used for loading and unloading cargo to and from the aircraft) responsible for loading freight and personnel, and for calculating the aircraft's
134:(TO), a person lower in rank to a second officer, and who typically performs selected duties and can also act as a relief pilot. Largely redundant in the present day.
1392:
696:
343:
difficult landing zones, assisting pilots with engine start up and shutdown safety, fuel checks, monitoring "hot" refuels (refueling with engines running).
963:
1426:
958:
532:
1431:
814:
349:, a crew member who tends to passengers on military aircraft. This position is similar to the duties performed by commercial flight attendants.
149:
and at cruising altitude. The number of relief crew members assigned to a flight depends in part on the length of the flight and the official
1959:
644:
1023:
1468:
479:
953:
993:
183:, especially when flown over oceans or other featureless areas where radio navigation aids were not originally available. As
65:
while in flight. The composition of a flight's crew depends on the type of aircraft, plus the flight's duration and purpose.
1013:
998:
807:
370:, aerial medical staff not involved in the operation of the aircraft but is considered by some militaries to be aircrew.
1008:
506:
301:, crew member responsible for the operation of defensive weapons, for example gun turrets. Specific positions include
1369:
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693:
663:
1954:
681:
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1928:
1887:
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606:
1451:
800:
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1436:
781:
748:
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150:
324:, an aircrew member on tanker aircraft responsible for operating the flying boom and the transfer of fuel.
1762:
1714:
276:
17:
549:
1817:
1679:
1458:
948:
874:
668:
491:
Cockpit
Confidential: Everything You Need to Know About Air Travel: Questions, Answers, and Reflections
376:, crew member responsible for loading freight and personnel and the weight and balance of the aircraft.
1674:
1276:
1053:
879:
864:
125:
42:
405:
or radio operator, crew member responsible for the operation of the aircraft communications systems.
1892:
1734:
1649:
1478:
1058:
1048:
854:
575:"Flight Crew Alertness and Sleep Relative to Timing of In-Flight Rest Periods in Long-Haul Flights"
336:
321:
162:
131:
119:
1724:
1689:
1654:
1546:
1387:
1317:
1178:
943:
726:
459:
390:
286:, additional crew members have flown on military aircraft. Over time these duties have expanded:
1849:
1812:
1364:
1116:
574:
414:
327:
184:
169:
purposes. The airborne sensor operator is considered a principal flight crew or aircrew member.
192:
flights. Modern electronic navigation systems made the navigator redundant by the early 1980s.
1839:
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35:
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352:
156:
47:
31:
727:"Technology Timeline: The First Air-to-ground & Ground-to-air Communication"
664:
Confessions of a Flight
Engineer: Flashlights, timers, and breath mints required
1933:
1869:
1844:
1822:
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1313:
1261:
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or Bomb Aimer is a crew member for the release of ordnance, particularly bombs.
290:
254:
209:
176:
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113:
1948:
1864:
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1441:
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1216:
784:, HowStuffWorks.com website, June 14, 2001. Retrieved September 2, 2014.
716:, FrancoFlyers.org website, October 14, 2008. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
310:
306:
302:
1088:
417:(WSO) Commissioned Aircrew Officer Weapons or Mission System Specialist.
1923:
1271:
1078:
435:
373:
298:
250:
792:
1918:
1211:
649:
402:
379:
355:, a crew member responsible for engines, systems and fuel management.
240:
146:
1594:
1328:
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1103:
897:
411:(TACCO), Weapon System Officer on board a Maritime Patrol Aircraft.
97:
93:
62:
1516:
1508:
1333:
1296:
1203:
902:
831:
275:
USAF, RAF and RAAF aircrew and maintenance personnel with their
87:
632:
The
History of the Air Engineer: Training in the Royal Air Force
1281:
216:
30:"Air crew" and "Flight crew" redirect here. For the films, see
408:
706:
582:
477:
Patrick Smith's Ask The Pilot: When a Pilot Dies in Flight
1393:
Air route authority between the United States and China
486:, AskThePilot.com website, 2013, which in turn cites:
656:
607:"Relief pilot concept "cruising" down the wrong path?"
420:
Weapon
Systems Operator (WSOp), as above but Enlisted.
223:, is responsible for the cabin crew as a team leader.
221:
In-flight
Service Manager or Cabin Services Director
116:
highest-ranking member or members of a flight crew.
645:Ask the Captain: What does the flight engineer do?
27:Personnel who operate an aircraft while in flight
1946:
1432:Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives
714:Aviation History—Demise of the Flight Navigator
703:, October 30, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2016
763:
761:
100:aircrew from Alpine Helicopters scramble on a
808:
653:, March 23, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
471:
469:
467:
185:sophisticated electronic air navigation aids
758:
533:Pan American Airways Conquers Global Travel
815:
801:
464:
637:
634:, U.K.: RAF Finningley, 1984, pp. 39–43.
527:
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521:
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517:
270:
92:
73:
41:
822:
585:Ames Human Systems Integration Division
14:
1947:
68:
796:
753:Journal of Electricity, Power and Gas
749:Wireless Telegraphy from an Aeroplane
741:
514:
453:
1960:Aviation licenses and certifications
669:Air & Space Smithsonian magazine
719:
684:, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016
24:
539:. Retrieved from flightjournal.com
460:UK Civil Aviation Authority CAP804
204:
25:
1971:
1370:Environmental effects of aviation
788:
537:Flying the World in Clipper Ships
1929:Aviation taxation and subsidies
1888:Aircraft maintenance technician
1700:Pre-flight safety demonstration
774:
687:
675:
550:"Cathay Pacific - Cadet Pilots"
61:, are personnel who operate an
624:
599:
567:
542:
13:
1:
1808:Flight cancellation and delay
1437:European Common Aviation Area
441:
212:crew members can consist of:
755:, April 1, 1911, pp. 279–280
630:Stringman, D.C. (Flt. Lt.).
446:
7:
1763:Airline reservations system
1715:Special visual flight rules
424:
266:
153:the airline operates under.
10:
1976:
1818:Government contract flight
1680:Flight information service
1459:Hague Hijacking Convention
1452:EU–US Open Skies Agreement
1044:Pilot in command (Captain)
398:on air-sea rescue aircraft
29:
1911:
1878:
1748:
1675:Flight information region
1585:
1507:
1378:
1355:
1295:
1277:Low-cost carrier terminal
1202:
1102:
1034:
931:
888:
845:Airline holding companies
830:
82:, the aircrew are called
1893:Aircraft ground handling
1735:Upper information region
1650:Civil aviation authority
1479:Paris Convention of 1919
682:Military Factory website
337:Airborne Sensor Operator
253:, is a crew member on a
163:Airborne Sensor Operator
1955:Occupations in aviation
1725:Terminal control center
1690:Instrument flight rules
1547:Baggage handling system
1388:Air transport agreement
1179:In-flight entertainment
554:jobsatcathaypacific.com
391:Radar intercept officer
1850:Round-the-world ticket
1813:Frequent-flyer program
782:How Airline Crews Work
415:Weapon Systems Officer
328:Combat systems officer
279:
105:
51:
1840:Passenger name record
1758:Airline booking ploys
1730:Uncontrolled airspace
1720:Terminal control area
1357:Environmental effects
1267:International airport
1174:Crew rest compartment
1127:Premium economy class
870:Non-scheduled airline
493:, Sourcebooks, 2013,
274:
96:
74:Flight deck positions
45:
1710:Special use airspace
1620:Airport crash tender
1610:Aircraft safety card
1410:Cross-strait charter
1404:Bermuda II Agreement
482:May 2, 2015, at the
409:Tactical coordinator
247:aircraft or flights.
181:celestial navigation
1788:Codeshare agreement
1740:Visual flight rules
1665:Controlled airspace
1640:Area control center
1605:Air traffic service
1600:Air traffic control
1489:Sabotage Convention
1474:Montreal Convention
1447:Freedoms of the air
1137:Basic economy class
824:Commercial aviation
239:, is a specialized
90:positions include:
80:commercial aviation
69:Commercial aviation
1778:Bereavement flight
1427:Chicago Convention
1417:Beijing Convention
1406:(UK–US, 1978–2008)
1400:(UK–US, 1946–1978)
875:Passenger airlines
767:Harris 2001, p. 4.
699:2016-02-16 at the
662:Eldridge, Andrea.
611:www.eurocockpit.be
282:From the start of
280:
259:weight and balance
106:
102:medical evacuation
52:
36:Flight Crew (film)
1942:
1941:
1903:Flight dispatcher
1798:Electronic ticket
1773:Airline timetable
1615:Airport authority
1522:Baggage allowance
1499:Warsaw Convention
1398:Bermuda Agreement
1232:Airport rail link
1154:Aircraft seat map
1149:Aircraft lavatory
880:Regional airlines
865:Low-cost airlines
284:military aviation
46:The aircrew of a
16:(Redirected from
1967:
1670:Evacuation slide
1630:Airport security
1527:Baggage carousel
1494:Tokyo Convention
1422:Cape Town Treaty
1257:Domestic airport
1237:Airport terminal
1222:Airport check-in
1184:Inflight smoking
1069:Flight attendant
918:Vanilla Alliance
855:Charter airlines
817:
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712:Grierson, Mike.
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672:, November 2011.
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347:Flight attendant
227:Flight attendant
21:
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1898:Baggage handler
1874:
1828:Open-jaw ticket
1803:Fare basis code
1750:Airline tickets
1744:
1685:Flight recorder
1587:Aviation safety
1581:
1557:Checked baggage
1542:Baggage handler
1537:Baggage reclaim
1503:
1484:Rome Convention
1374:
1351:
1339:Travel document
1291:
1198:
1098:
1074:Flight engineer
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729:. AT&T Labs
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484:Wayback Machine
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353:Flight engineer
269:
207:
205:Cabin positions
189:space-based GPS
157:Flight Engineer
151:air regulations
76:
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48:Jetstar Airways
38:
32:Air Crew (film)
28:
23:
22:
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5:
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1934:Mile high club
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1870:Travel website
1867:
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1845:Red-eye flight
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1823:One-way travel
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1793:Continent pass
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1768:Airline ticket
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1645:Brace position
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1625:Airport police
1622:
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1324:Departure card
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1314:Border control
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359:Flight officer
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255:cargo aircraft
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210:Aircraft cabin
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187:and universal
177:dead reckoning
170:
167:remote sensing
160:
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126:Second officer
123:
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75:
72:
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57:, also called
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860:Flag carriers
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780:Harris, Tom.
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431:Aircrew Badge
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322:Boom operator
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143:pilot fatigue
140:
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132:Third officer
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120:First officer
118:
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19:
1660:Control zone
1655:Control area
1577:Luggage lock
1567:Lost luggage
1562:Hand luggage
1532:Baggage cart
1347:(Electronic)
1309:Arrival card
1242:Airside pass
1194:Sickness bag
1169:Buy on board
1164:Airline seat
1159:Airline meal
1112:Travel class
1094:Dead mileage
1035:
933:Trade groups
775:Bibliography
752:
747:Ennis, E.E.
743:
731:. Retrieved
721:
708:
689:
677:
667:
658:
648:
639:
631:
626:
614:. Retrieved
610:
601:
589:. Retrieved
581:
569:
557:. Retrieved
553:
544:
536:
455:
386:Air observer
368:flight nurse
281:
243:employed on
237:Flight medic
230:
220:
208:
83:
77:
58:
54:
53:
39:
1880:Ground crew
1834:Overselling
1705:Sky marshal
1571:WorldTracer
1344:Travel visa
1301:Immigration
1217:Airline hub
1117:First class
1064:Relief crew
733:November 7,
694:Law Officer
643:Cox, John.
311:tail gunner
307:door gunner
303:nose gunner
197:telegraphic
139:Relief Crew
84:flight crew
59:flight crew
18:Flight crew
1949:Categories
1924:Air travel
1272:Jet bridge
1079:Loadmaster
499:1402280912
442:References
436:Groundcrew
374:Loadmaster
316:Bombardier
299:Air gunner
262:personnel.
251:Loadmaster
231:Cabin Crew
200:redundant.
88:flightdeck
50:Boeing 787
1919:Air cargo
1212:Aerodrome
890:Alliances
650:USA Today
447:Citations
403:Signaller
380:Navigator
241:paramedic
173:Navigator
147:autopilot
1860:Tracking
1595:Air rage
1329:Passport
1318:internal
1252:Boarding
1247:Airstair
1104:Airliner
898:Oneworld
832:Airlines
697:Archived
480:Archived
425:See also
333:mission.
295:Co-pilot
267:Military
104:mission.
98:Bell 212
63:aircraft
1855:Standby
1517:Bag tag
1509:Baggage
1334:Timatic
1297:Customs
1204:Airport
1036:Aircrew
985:Europe
903:SkyTeam
616:May 26,
591:June 3,
559:July 7,
110:Captain
55:Aircrew
1282:Runway
1189:Galley
1089:Purser
587:. 2020
505:
497:
217:Purser
112:, the
1019:AFRAA
964:ISTAT
959:IATAN
578:(PDF)
535:, in
291:Pilot
277:C-17s
114:pilot
1469:ICAO
1262:Gate
1024:RAAA
1014:AAPA
1009:AACO
994:EBAA
954:IATA
949:ATAG
735:2011
618:2022
593:2022
583:NASA
561:2015
503:ISBN
495:ISBN
401:Air
309:and
179:and
34:and
1380:Law
999:ERA
989:A4E
979:RAA
974:A4A
944:ACO
366:or
229:or
219:or
78:In
1951::
1299:/
760:^
751:,
666:,
647:,
609:.
580:.
552:.
516:^
501:,
466:^
305:,
1836:)
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1569:(
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1316:(
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620:.
595:.
563:.
509:.
137:'
20:)
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