20:
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Fjards are glacial depressions or valleys that have much lower reliefs than fjords. Fjards fill with eroded local materials which assist in "filling", along with rising sea levels since the last ice age contributing as well. Other low relief landforms that are only associated with fjards, such as mud
345:
56:) is a large open space of water between groups of islands or mainland in archipelagos. Fjards can be found along sea coasts, in freshwater lakes or in rivers. Fjard and
115:
together form a third type of glacial inlet. They tend to occur along older 'beheaded' river channels and open into the tideless Baltic sea.
144:
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324:, Joint Defra/EA Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management R&D Programme. UK Department for Environment, Food, and Public Affairs.
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The
Estuary-Guide: A website based overview of how to identify and predict morphological change within estuaries.
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1021:
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flats, salt marshes, and flood plains, further characterize the difference between fjords and fjards.
966:
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317:
1108:
863:
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384:
Cooper, J. A. G. (2006). "Geomorphology of Irish estuaries: inherited and dynamic controls".
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Development_and_Demonstration_of_Systems_Based_Estuary_Simulators_-technical_Report.pdf
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cliffs carved by glacial activity and often have split or branching channels.
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353:. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. June 2009.
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Understanding and
Managing Morphological Change in Estuaries
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Although fjards and fjords are similar in that they are a
717:
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367:, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. West Sussex, England.
118:
79:
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were originally the same word, and they generally meant
410:. American Geological Institute. Alexandria, Virginia.
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336:
334:
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330:
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88:topography, they still differ in some key ways:
459:
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420:
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107:" of the German coast and the fjords of
18:
92:Fjords are characterized by steep high
1296:
383:
365:Coastal Geomorphology: An Introduction
185:
16:Glacially formed, broad, shallow inlet
473:
447:
125:of Thames, Severn and Humber and the
80:Fjards vs. fjords vs. förden vs. rias
51:
235:, Kirkcudbrighshrie and Wigtownshire
13:
1162:Integrated coastal zone management
14:
1325:
316:ABPmer and HR Wallingford. 2007.
221:
121:are drowned valleys, such as the
1278:
1277:
815:
808:
282:
72:coast while fjards dominate the
1260:Region of freshwater influence
430:. Routledge. London, England.
310:
1:
1309:Coastal and oceanic landforms
1022:Large-scale coastal behaviour
854:Beaches in estuaries and bays
428:Encyclopedia of Geomorphology
303:
68:, fjords dominate along the
7:
386:Journal of Coastal Research
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1273:
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481:
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177:Porkkalanselkä west from
967:Coastal biogeomorphology
263:
864:Coastal morphodynamics
44:
32:
1255:Physical oceanography
406:Jackson, J.A., 1997,
212:Stockholm archipelago
194:on the west coast of
22:
1084:Submergent coastline
1037:Marine transgression
992:Discordant coastline
977:Concordant coastline
363:Bird, E.C.F., 2008,
293:Acadia National Park
259:, Kirkcudbrightshire
253:, Kirkcudbrightshire
1188:Coastal engineering
408:Glossary of Geology
186:Republic of Ireland
1157:Coastal management
997:Emergent coastline
668:Intertidal wetland
571:Continental margin
426:Goudie, A., 2004,
167:Kihti between the
33:
1314:Glacial landforms
1291:
1290:
1119:Wave-cut platform
1032:Marine regression
576:Continental shelf
566:Coastal waterfall
475:Coastal geography
373:978-0-470-51729-1
278:, Caernarfonshire
129:of Tay and Forth.
62:sailable waterway
1321:
1281:
1280:
1042:Raised shoreline
1017:Ingression coast
1012:Graded shoreline
987:Cuspate foreland
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812:
763:Submarine canyon
623:Freshwater marsh
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276:Pwllheli Harbour
241:, Dunbartonshire
171:Archipelago and
147:on the coast of
86:glacially-formed
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53:[ˈfjæːɖ]
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1245:Intertidal zone
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1027:Longshore drift
972:Coastal erosion
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839:Beach evolution
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491:Anchialine pool
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1250:Littoral zone
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1183:Bulkhead line
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962:Cliffed coast
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889:Shingle beach
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561:Coastal plain
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436:0-415-27298-X
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416:0-922152-34-9
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283:United States
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247:, Sutherland.
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26:
23:The fjard of
21:
1114:Volcanic arc
1002:Feeder bluff
909:River mouths
874:Raised beach
869:Pocket beach
797:
768:Tidal island
758:Strand plain
703:Natural arch
612:
427:
422:
407:
402:
385:
379:
364:
359:
346:
321:
312:
270:Alaw Estuary
245:Loch Laxford
83:
36:
34:
1265:River plume
1079:Steep coast
1052:Rocky shore
1047:Rip current
927:River delta
899:Wash margin
894:Storm beach
884:Shell beach
849:Beach wrack
844:Beach ridge
834:Beach cusps
783:Tied island
773:Tidal marsh
496:Archipelago
388:: 176–180.
320:, Ch. 3 of
289:Somes Sound
251:Rough Firth
164:Archipelago
66:Scandinavia
25:Somes Sound
1298:Categories
1193:Grain size
1167:Submersion
1144:Management
1129:Wind fetch
1089:Surf break
1007:Flat coast
937:regressive
723:Salt marsh
581:Coral reef
304:References
272:, Anglesey
145:Hjortsholm
74:Baltic Sea
1152:Accretion
1134:Wind wave
1094:Surf zone
949:Processes
922:Mouth bar
879:Recession
859:Beachrock
778:Tide pool
708:Peninsula
596:cliff-top
483:Landforms
181:peninsula
123:estuaries
70:North Sea
1283:Category
1109:Undertow
1062:Sea foam
1057:Sea cave
957:Blowhole
799:Windwatt
658:Headland
506:Avulsion
394:25741557
227:Scotland
179:Porkkala
134:Examples
111:eastern
1233:shingle
1213:granule
1198:boulder
1176:Related
1072:peresyp
982:Current
917:Debouch
826:Beaches
793:Waituna
788:Tombolo
698:Mudflat
693:Machair
683:Isthmus
603:Estuary
546:Channel
210:in the
196:Ireland
155:Finland
149:Denmark
139:Denmark
113:Jutland
76:coast.
41:Swedish
1304:Fjards
1223:pebble
1218:gravel
1208:cobble
753:Strait
733:Skerry
688:Lagoon
673:Island
628:Fundus
531:Bodden
434:
414:
392:
371:
216:Sweden
202:Sweden
127:firths
109:Danish
105:Förden
94:relief
31:, USA.
1104:Swash
1067:Shoal
748:Stack
738:Sound
728:Shoal
678:Islet
663:Inlet
653:Hapua
618:Fjord
613:Fjard
608:Firth
556:Coast
551:Cliff
526:Bight
501:Atoll
390:JSTOR
351:(PDF)
297:Maine
264:Wales
173:Åland
169:Turku
162:Turku
64:. In
58:fjord
45:fjärd
37:fjard
29:Maine
1238:silt
1228:sand
1203:clay
932:mega
743:Spit
713:Reef
643:Gulf
591:Dune
586:Cove
541:Cape
511:Ayre
432:ISBN
412:ISBN
369:ISBN
233:Cree
119:Rias
49:IPA:
718:Ria
648:Gut
638:Geo
633:Gat
521:Bay
291:in
214:in
1300::
329:^
295:,
47:,
43::
35:A
27:,
467:e
460:t
453:v
396:.
299:.
103:"
39:(
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