482:
469:
283:
257:
182:
149:
1306:, also setting it on fire. During the siege of Spuž, Kara Mahmud Pasha came to aid the besieged fortress and defeated the Austro-Montenegrin forces. When the Montenegrins realized that Vukasović's battalion, which had dwindled to 117 men, was not the vanguard of a large force, they sided with Kara Mahmud. The hostile attitude of the population was further intensified by the realization that Vukasović's small unit would not bring the hoped-for liberation from the Ottomans. During his sudden departure from
457:
438:
420:
407:
394:
376:
363:
345:
332:
318:
240:
228:
216:
204:
170:
37:
193:
1278:; otherwise, they would bombard the city. However, Kara Mahmud, offended by the Austrian threats, executed De Bronjar and the spies who were with him on June 20, 1788, after taking the delegation to the village of Muriq outside Shkodra. He threw their bodies into a pit, while their heads, as proof of his loyalty to the Sultan, were sent to Istanbul.
1269:
had received a letter from the Kara Mahmud, who expressed his willingness to defect. The
Austrians also appointed a spy named De Bronjar to negotiate with Kara Mahmud from April to June 1788. During his final visit on June 15, 1788, De Bronjar, along with his three companions, had several days of
1059:, threatening severe consequences if not complied with. While military force wasn't immediately employed in Shkodra, the Sublime Porte imposed an economic blockade on all commercial activities and issued arrest decrees for Shkodran merchants attempting trade in other regions. Mustafa Pasha of
993:, the defending Albanians attempted to break the siege by launching several attacks on the Ottoman armies that had surrounded the castle from all sides. Rozafa endured the bombardment by Turkish artillery for a staggering 80 days. However, on November 25, 1787,
928:
In recognition of his contributions to the campaign, the
Sublime Porte extended unwavering support to Ali Pasha, assigning other commanders under his authority and providing substantial financial backing. His pivotal role in the campaign against
800:. In this case, the Sublime Porte declared him a rebel and ordered Mehmet Pasha Çausholli to replace him. However, the decision against him was put into effect in May 1787 when rumors in Istanbul suggested that the Pasha was planning to attack
1001:
allies quickly gathered, ambushing the fleeing Pashas, resulting in a humiliating defeat for the
Ottoman troops. Furthermore, all Turkish garrisons in Albania were individually attacked and defeated. Selim Pasha, the
634:. Despite the Ottoman government's desire to punish Mahmud, resource constraints and his autonomous rule hindered action. The passive stance continued until the end of 1785, prompting the
773:
In May 1787, Kara Mahmud Pasha took the initiative in the battle against the
Ottomans. He departed from Scutari with 6,000 soldiers. In Kosovo he first defeated and subdued the Pasha of
997:
feigned submission, left the fortress with his loyal followers, and along the way, seized the imperial artillery, which was then turned against the
Ottomans. His lurking army and his
822:'s brother Ahmed Pasha effectively countered the Bosnian troops advancing from the north, achieving victory over them. However, in 27 August 1787, Kara Mahmud's operations in the
1209:
delegation that had come to negotiate collaboration. This act, while serving as proof of Mahmud's loyalty to the Sultan, also aimed to regain the trust of his Muslim subjects.
1314:
managed to take 60 Montenegrins as hostages for his safety, using them as human shields in the valley of Njegošće to protect his troops as he continued his march back to
1405:, acting as guarantors for his loyalty. Despite the Ottomans' desperate circumstances, Mahmud was not officially forgiven, but commanders appealed to appoint him as
1098:
1051:
perceived him as a threat. Consequently, they deemed it imperative to eliminate him at any cost. In
December, the central government demanded the handover of the
2065:
598:
rebelled against
Ottoman authority, causing turmoil in the western territories. The governor of Shkodra reinforced his control, extending his influence even to
1806:
Archaeological
Investigations in a Northern Albanian Province: Results of the Projekti Arkeologjik i Shkodrës (PASH): Volume One: Survey and Excavation Results
1358:'s swift military intervention prevented the spread of Austrian influence, safeguarding not only his district but also the territorial integrity of the
781:(Bitola), numbering 20,000 men, ultimately defeating them decisively in Battle. Subsequently, Ahmet Pasha launched an attack on the Vali of Rumelia in
804:(Adrianople) with 25,000 soldiers. These rumors had significant impact in Istanbul, leading to calls for a jihad against the rebellious Pasha. The
691:
through his rapid movements, encountered the
Rumelian army before it had time to join with that of Bosnia, and in the Battle he had with it at the
1554:
1101:. After eliminating the conspirators, Mahmud moved northward, where he executed the Pasha of Işbuzi for betrayal. Fearing retaliation from the
805:
2039:
941:
The
Sublime Porte effectively crushed the resistance of the rebels in Shkodra. As they approached Mahmud's castle, the intervention of
1085:, preventing potential surprise attacks. His confrontation with the central government was viewed by some Muslims as a challenge to
1814:
1678:
737:
2075:
1999:
1094:
1003:
696:
1397:'s pardon in exchange for his services on the front, recommending him for appointment to the Belgrade or Bosnian front.
614:'s rise. He presented himself as an authoritative figure to restore order, gaining support against disruptive notables.
1804:
1442:
1142:
1668:
1535:
1146:
1425:
with 20,000 soldiers. Mahmud received his pardon on 14 August 1789, brought by his nephew and Mahmud Beg of Kavaja.
2095:
1378:, struggling in the war against two empires, faced defeats exacerbated by conflicts with provincial magnates like
1294:
in a revolt against the Ottomans. In July, he, together with Mihailo Plamenac and Serdar Đurašković, attacked the
2070:
1961:
1608:
2090:
1477:
territory, which he had attacked and defeated three years prior. During his crossing, he was ambushed by local
1351:
1291:
1386:
expended resources to eliminate defiant notables, contributing to the challenges in fighting European powers.
1006:, who had been on his way to retreat with 15,000 Bosniaks, was simultaneously dealt a significant blow by the
1473:. On his way back to Scutari, Kara Mahmud Pasha, accompanied by 9,000 soldiers, decided to cross through the
1266:
1262:
473:
933:
likely played a crucial part in his subsequent ascent to become the preeminent power magnate in the region.
752:. The attack on the Montenegrins and the subsequent massacre further escalated tensions between him and the
2100:
707:
faced minimal resistance from both the opposing forces and the military contingents led by the viziers of
1398:
942:
411:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
486:
2085:
2080:
1118:
1110:
777:. Afterwards, along with his brother Ahmet Pasha, he met the forces of Mehmed Pasha Çausholli near
2001:
BETWEEN REBELLION AND OBEDIENCE: THE RISE AND FALL OF BUSHATLI MAHMUD PASHA OF SHKODRA (1752-1796)
618:'s interference in Bosnia, where he replaced officials with his puppets, created a crisis for the
1295:
990:
957:, Mehmed Beg, would be defeated, and Mehmed Beg would be handed over to the Ottoman authorities.
1962:"The rise of Mahmud pasha Bušatlija as the reflection of the crisis of the Ottoman state system"
1609:"The rise of Mahmud pasha Bušatlija as the reflection of the crisis of the Ottoman state system"
2030:
978:
918:
894:
867:
839:
1478:
1474:
966:
729:
367:
266:
1445:
on the Ottoman side and quickly mobilized a large army. He was appointed the Commander of
1177:
expressed interest, with the Russians offering military assistance and naval support. The
8:
1121:'s efforts with allies Kahraman Beg of Tirana and Mahmud Beg of Kavaje, Mustafa Pasha of
1082:
953:. Ultimately, the Shkodran garrison under the command of the fourteen-year-old nephew of
745:
567:
153:
124:
66:
610:. The dysfunctional Ottoman judiciary system and corruption among judges contributed to
1670:
Macedonia: A Voyage through History (Vol. 2, From the Fifteenth Century to the Present)
1270:
heated conversations with the Kara Mahmud. They threatened him, demanding that he open
1169:
initiated negotiations with foreign powers, seeking support against the Ottomans. Both
574:. The war was caused by the expansionist policies of Kara Mahmud, which threatened the
398:
261:
208:
1976:
1810:
1674:
1623:
1578:
1466:
1458:
1438:
1418:
1402:
1394:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1335:
1265:
thought to himself that he could recruit Kara Mahmud to his side. On April 29, 1788,
1234:
1222:
1198:
1190:
1166:
1150:
1134:
1126:
1090:
1089:'s authority, and his close associates were discovered plotting the assassination of
1078:
1069:, became the executor of these measures, extending his control over central Albania.
1044:
1036:
1015:
994:
986:
954:
930:
886:
877:
Initially, he achieved a significant victory by breaking the defensive forces of the
863:
819:
793:
704:
703:. After the Battle, during the period from April 1786 to March 1787, the Uprising of
700:
688:
652:
623:
615:
611:
595:
557:
549:
481:
468:
299:
282:
220:
158:
128:
42:
866:, strategically leveraging his military prowess. This decision proved effective, as
1422:
1212:
922:
914:
851:
847:
627:
442:
425:
381:
350:
304:
1072:
826:
came to a halt when Ahmed Pasha was betrayed and decapitated by his own soldiers.
1775:
1648:
1462:
1450:
1449:
and marched towards Kosovo, intending to gather more soldiers needed against the
1406:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1315:
1254:
1242:
1226:
1206:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1154:
906:
587:
287:
102:
2023:
2008:
1217:
This strategic move played a crucial role in pacifying the Muslim population in
680:
322:
1632:тога предузео представљао је напад на Никшић, током кога је погубио 150 Ровчана
1390:
1375:
1359:
1230:
1202:
1170:
1122:
1114:
1060:
1052:
1010:
and was killed in battle. Mehmed Pasha Qausholli suffered a similar fate, when
970:
950:
910:
902:
878:
843:
708:
695:, routed it entirely. The decisive defeat of the Rumelian armies persuaded the
664:
635:
631:
591:
571:
232:
196:
174:
74:
2059:
1980:
1627:
1454:
1434:
1410:
1383:
1363:
1327:
1205:. As a gesture of goodwill, he offered a gift to the Sultan: the heads of an
1194:
1106:
1102:
1086:
1048:
982:
974:
871:
859:
823:
815:
796:'s advancement through the Balkans reached its peak when his Armies besieged
753:
712:
668:
619:
575:
186:
70:
1481:
tribesmen, who managed to repulse him, after which he took another route to
1137:'s assistance, but he remained cautious due to the precarious situation in
1019:
1007:
870:, demonstrated exceptional leadership, tipping the balance in favor of the
858:. Despite his involvement in numerous atrocities and village burnings, the
692:
510:
501:
446:
1321:
655:
and on account of his seditious activities, dismissed him from office as
2032:
Kara Mahmud Pashë Bushati, Bualli i Shkodrës (1776–1796 ER/1190–1211 AH)
1197:. Surrounded by enemies, including his rival Mustafa Pasha of Toptanis,
1189:" in exchange for opposing the Ottomans. Despite these tempting offers,
1446:
1141:. Despite hopes for a imperial pardon from Istanbul amid its wars with
656:
86:
1482:
1470:
1271:
1218:
1182:
1138:
1056:
1040:
1011:
998:
757:
749:
741:
733:
676:
672:
505:
271:
36:
1414:
1413:, emphasizing the severity of the situation. In response to appeals,
1371:
1221:, which had been supportive during the siege. With newfound support,
336:
1130:
756:. The attack was a reason for the Ottoman armies being sent towards
192:
890:
797:
562:
16:
War between the Albanian Pashalik of Scutari and the Ottoman Empire
736:
tribes, whom he blamed as traitors for their participation in the
1331:
1307:
1258:
898:
774:
768:
683:, where it was ambushed and forced to take another route through
603:
78:
1303:
1213:
Kara Mahmud's second Offensive in Central Albania and Montenegro
965:
The Ottomans gathered 30,000 to 60,000 men under the command of
1370:
forgiveness for his political shift, a stance maintained until
1238:
1160:
1073:
Kara Mahmud's first Offensive in Central Albania and Montenegro
946:
801:
782:
778:
684:
660:
607:
599:
98:
94:
90:
82:
1253:
During Kara Mahmud Pasha's struggle against the Ottomans, the
1241:
and punished his former allies, burning down their palaces in
1065:
882:
855:
810:
1916:
1914:
651:
In August 1785, the Sultan, alarmed by the growing power of
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1780:. unknown library. Gotha : F.A. Perthes. p. 104.
1346:
emissaries after talks and the potential revolt involving
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1286:
After the executions of the Austrian Austrians then sent
127:
loses large parts of its territories held outside of the
1891:
1866:
1650:Историја Црне Горе: Од почетка XVI до краја XVIII вијека
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1181:, closer geographically and with a Catholic presence in
921:
solidified his status as the most influential figure in
1823:
1290:, a Croatian, along with about 400 soldiers to aid the
989:
took refuge with 60 to 200 of his soldiers. During the
718:
699:
to retreat without coming to any clash whatsoever with
1731:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1322:
Imperial Pardon from the Sultan and the end of the War
1302:, with 400 Austrians and 2,000 Montenegrins, besieged
785:, emerging victorious and taking control of the city.
1784:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1495:
1457:, he was ordered by Governor Mehmed Pasha to move to
1334:
through reports from an English ambassador detailing
1105:
and a revolt from his own subjects, Mahmud fortified
728:
In 1786, Kara Mahmud Pasha attacked and defeated the
602:. Reports indicate Mahmud challenged the governor of
1030:
1025:
1960:V, Kocić Marija; M, Elezović Dalibor (2018-01-01).
1687:
1607:V, Kocić Marija; M, Elezović Dalibor (2018-01-01).
1555:"Shkëlqimi dhe rënia e Karamahmud Pashë Bushatliut"
788:
659:and gave the order to the armies of the two Balkan
1714:
1077:Faced with opposition from rival Albanian pashas,
1022:him. Overall, the Ottomans lost around 6,000 men.
1125:emerged victorious in all Battles. The allies of
1109:with a substantial arsenal and sent his brother,
834:
2057:
1803:Galaty, Michael L.; Bejko, Lorenc (2023-09-12).
1193:remained passive, awaiting forgiveness from the
675:. The Rumelian Army first tried to penetrate to
1653:. Редакција за историју Црне Горе. p. 428.
1646:
1281:
2066:Albanian rebellions against the Ottoman Empire
769:Kara Mahmud's campaign in Macedonia and Kosovo
25:
1673:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 90.
1081:sought to neutralize internal threats in the
723:
646:
1245:(Bar) and leaving his supporters in charge.
1161:Negotiations with the Austrians and Russians
638:to prepare for the impending confrontation.
2007:, İstanbul Şehir University, archived from
1802:
1229:and managed to defeat Mustafa Pasha of the
1113:, to break the blockade imposed by Mustafa
917:in 1787, while the war was still going on,
829:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1047:faced a challenging turn of events as the
763:
35:
1647:Станојевић, Глигор; Васић, Милан (1975).
1149:, none was granted, and the influence of
1773:
1666:
1533:
1461:. Despite initial successes against the
1248:
1165:Faced with the deteriorating situation,
586:During potential Ottoman conflicts with
2028:
1926:
1885:
1790:
1708:
2058:
1777:Geschichte von Montenegro und Albanien
1537:The History of Albania: A Brief Survey
1342:. The ambassador noted the killing of
1225:, along with his allies, marched into
1185:, proposed recognizing Mahmud as the "
1997:
1955:
1953:
1920:
1860:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1748:
1725:
1510:
1945:Vukassovich, Joseph Philipp Freiherr
1662:
1660:
1642:
1640:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1549:
1547:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1421:'s loyalty and participation on the
1417:offered forgiveness in exchange for
719:Kara Mahmud's attack on Montenegrins
960:
936:
901:, quelling the resistance posed by
850:, emerged as a prominent figure in
814:declaring the Pasha a rebel, while
161:(switched to opposing side in 1787)
45:at the height of his power in 1785.
13:
1959:
1950:
1796:
1754:
1606:
1433:With the imperial pardon from the
889:'s cousin and sending his head to
854:and a formidable leader among the
744:, Kara Mahmud Pasha massacred 150
14:
2112:
1657:
1637:
1595:
1544:
1516:
1031:Economic blockade by the Ottomans
1026:Aftermath of the Siege of Scutari
862:appointed him as the governor of
1809:. University of Michigan Press.
1667:Palairet, Michael (2016-02-08).
789:Kara Mahmud's campaign in Bosnia
630:, expanded the influence of the
480:
467:
455:
436:
418:
405:
392:
374:
361:
343:
330:
316:
281:
255:
238:
226:
214:
202:
191:
180:
168:
147:
2045:from the original on 2018-08-19
1579:"PASHALLËQET E MËDHA SHQIPTARE"
1093:under the influence of the new
1571:
835:Ali Pasha Tepelena's campaigns
1:
1488:
1201:aimed to make peace with the
1063:, who was given the title of
1018:, captured him in battle and
748:, after which he returned to
581:
1774:Gopčević, Spiridion (1914).
1428:
1282:Campaigns of Filip Vukasović
842:, formerly aligned with the
738:Attack on Montenegro in 1785
554:Lufta e Parë Shkodrës-Osmane
424:Mehmed Pasha Qausholli
349:Çavuşoğlu Mehmed Pasha
27:Lufta e Parë Shkodrës-Osmane
7:
2076:1780s in the Ottoman Empire
1362:. Despite his efforts, the
641:
608:Belgrade's Janissary troops
606:and seized funds meant for
10:
2117:
1991:
1465:, harsh conditions forced
1399:Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha
1298:and set it ablaze. Later,
943:Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha
724:Attack on Nikšić and Rovca
647:Battle on the Kosovo field
412:Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha
1943:Constantin von Wurzbach:
1534:Frashëri, Kristo (1964).
1443:war against the Austrians
1374:ascended the throne. The
1338:'s negotiations with the
1330:learned of events in its
1259:Balkans from Ottoman rule
1035:Following the victory of
556:) was a conflict between
546:First Scutari-Ottoman War
529:
516:
493:
293:
139:
49:
34:
22:First Scutari-Ottoman War
21:
830:Ottoman Counteroffensive
2096:18th century in Albania
1389:Governor Abdi Pasha of
1257:sought to liberate the
1099:Mirialem Ebubekir Pasha
945:sparked an uprising in
905:'s forces and securing
897:daringly intervened in
764:Kara Mahmud's offensive
740:. During the attack on
578:of the Ottoman Empire.
2071:Wars involving Albania
2029:Jazexhi, Olsi (2018),
1583:historia.shqiperia.com
1559:www.forumishqiptar.com
1237:marched north towards
818:sought his execution.
553:
294:Commanders and leaders
26:
2091:Ali Pasha of Ioannina
1998:Gjeli, Ardit (2018),
1401:also negotiated with
1350:soldiers joining the
1249:Austrian interferance
913:. With the demise of
530:Casualties and losses
461:Ibrahim Bey of Tirana
1274:to their army under
967:Aydoslu Mehmed Pasha
885:, notably beheading
622:. Alliance with the
368:Aydoslu Mehmed Pasha
2101:Pashalik of Scutari
1540:. pp. 104–105.
1055:from the people of
979:Ali Pasha of Yanina
816:Sultan Abdülhamid I
568:Pashalik of Scutari
560:, the Pasha of the
154:Pashalik of Scutari
125:Pashalik of Scutari
67:Pashalik of Scutari
1923:, p. 102-104.
895:Ali Pasha Tepelena
872:central government
868:Ali Pasha Tepelena
840:Ali Pasha Tepelena
576:central government
399:Ali Pasha Tepelena
262:Montenegrin tribes
209:Pashalik of Yanina
41:Territory held by
1863:, p. 98-102.
1816:978-1-951538-73-6
1680:978-1-4438-8849-3
1332:western provinces
1267:Emperor Joseph II
1263:Emperor Joseph II
1087:Sultan Abdülhamid
1037:Kara Mahmud Pasha
987:Kara Mahmud Pasha
973:, Selim Pasha of
746:Montenegrin Serbs
558:Kara Mahmud Pasha
542:
541:
474:Emperor Joseph II
380:Selim Pasha
303:Ahmed Pasha
300:Kara Mahmud Pasha
221:Pashalik of Berat
159:Pashalik of Berat
135:
134:
129:Sanjak of Scutari
2108:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2037:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2013:
2006:
1985:
1984:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1941:
1924:
1918:
1889:
1888:, p. 11-12.
1883:
1864:
1858:
1821:
1820:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1771:
1752:
1751:, p. 94-95.
1746:
1729:
1723:
1712:
1706:
1685:
1684:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1613:
1604:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1531:
1514:
1513:, p. 91-92.
1508:
1415:Sultan Selim III
1296:Žabljak fortress
1233:. Subsequently,
1039:in the siege of
1012:Shkodran Malsors
961:Siege of Scutari
937:Revolt in Ulcinj
923:southern Albania
915:Kurd Ahmed Pasha
893:. Subsequently,
852:southern Albania
848:Kurd Ahmed Pasha
628:Ahmed Kurt Pasha
489:
485:
484:
476:
472:
471:
462:
460:
459:
458:
451:
443:Ahmet Kurt Pasha
441:
440:
439:
432:
430:
423:
422:
421:
414:
410:
409:
408:
401:
397:
396:
395:
388:
386:
379:
378:
377:
370:
366:
365:
364:
357:
355:
348:
347:
346:
339:
335:
334:
333:
325:
321:
320:
319:
309:
286:
285:
260:
259:
258:
243:
242:
241:
231:
230:
229:
219:
218:
217:
207:
206:
205:
195:
185:
184:
183:
173:
172:
171:
152:
151:
150:
51:
50:
39:
30:
29:
19:
18:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2086:1780s conflicts
2081:1780s in Europe
2056:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1964:
1958:
1951:
1942:
1927:
1919:
1892:
1884:
1867:
1859:
1824:
1817:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1772:
1755:
1747:
1732:
1724:
1715:
1707:
1688:
1681:
1665:
1658:
1645:
1638:
1611:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1532:
1517:
1509:
1496:
1491:
1431:
1324:
1300:Filip Vukasović
1288:Filip Vukasović
1284:
1276:Filip Vukasović
1255:Austrian Empire
1251:
1227:central Albania
1215:
1187:King of Albania
1163:
1155:central Albania
1129:, sheltered in
1095:Pasha of Bosnia
1075:
1033:
1028:
981:to besiege the
963:
939:
907:central Albania
837:
832:
806:Shaykh al-Islām
791:
771:
766:
726:
721:
663:(provinces) of
649:
644:
584:
504:
500:
487:Filip Vukasović
479:
478:
477:
466:
465:
464:
456:
454:
453:
452:
437:
435:
434:
433:
426:
419:
417:
416:
415:
406:
404:
403:
402:
393:
391:
390:
389:
382:
375:
373:
372:
371:
362:
360:
359:
358:
351:
344:
342:
341:
340:
331:
329:
328:
327:
317:
315:
314:
305:
302:
288:Austrian Empire
280:
279:
278:
256:
254:
250:
249:
239:
237:
227:
225:
215:
213:
203:
201:
181:
179:
169:
167:
157:
148:
146:
120:
106:
103:North Macedonia
40:
24:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2114:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2054:
2053:
2026:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1949:
1925:
1890:
1865:
1822:
1815:
1795:
1783:
1753:
1730:
1713:
1686:
1679:
1656:
1636:
1594:
1570:
1543:
1515:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1469:to retreat to
1430:
1427:
1366:did not grant
1360:Ottoman Empire
1323:
1320:
1283:
1280:
1250:
1247:
1214:
1211:
1162:
1159:
1074:
1071:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1004:Wali of Bosnia
962:
959:
938:
935:
911:Ottoman Empire
836:
833:
831:
828:
790:
787:
770:
767:
765:
762:
725:
722:
720:
717:
697:Wali of Bosnia
671:, to march on
648:
645:
643:
640:
624:Pasha of Berat
583:
580:
572:Ottoman Empire
540:
539:
536:
532:
531:
527:
526:
523:
519:
518:
514:
513:
508:
496:
495:
494:Units involved
491:
490:
311:
296:
295:
291:
290:
277:
276:
275:
274:
269:
251:
248:
247:
246:
245:
235:
233:Toptani family
223:
211:
199:
197:Rumelia Eyalet
189:
175:Ottoman Empire
164:
162:
142:
141:
137:
136:
133:
132:
122:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
75:Rumelia Eyalet
65:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
32:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2113:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2041:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2014:on 2024-03-01
2010:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1793:, p. 10.
1792:
1787:
1779:
1778:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1728:, p. 96.
1727:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:Sublime Porte
1426:
1424:
1423:Bosnian front
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1384:Sublime Porte
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1364:Sublime Porte
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:Sublime Porte
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:Sublime Porte
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:Ibrahim Pasha
1108:
1104:
1103:Sublime Porte
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:Sublime Porte
1046:
1042:
1038:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
983:Rozafa castle
980:
976:
972:
968:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
934:
932:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:Sublime Porte
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
827:
825:
824:Bosnia eyalet
821:
817:
813:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
786:
784:
780:
776:
761:
759:
755:
754:Sublime Porte
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
620:Sublime Porte
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:
559:
555:
551:
547:
537:
534:
533:
528:
524:
521:
520:
515:
512:
509:
507:
503:
499:Shkodran Army
498:
497:
492:
488:
483:
475:
470:
463:
450:
449:
444:
431:
429:
413:
400:
387:
385:
369:
356:
354:
338:
324:
312:
310:
308:
301:
298:
297:
292:
289:
284:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
263:
253:
252:
244:Ulcinj rebels
236:
234:
224:
222:
212:
210:
200:
198:
194:
190:
188:
187:Bosnia Eyalet
178:
177:
176:
166:
165:
163:
160:
156:
155:
144:
143:
138:
130:
126:
123:
118:
117:
113:
110:
109:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
71:Bosnia Eyalet
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:
52:
48:
44:
38:
33:
28:
20:
2047:, retrieved
2031:
2016:, retrieved
2009:the original
2000:
1972:
1968:
1944:
1886:Jazexhi 2018
1805:
1798:
1791:Jazexhi 2018
1786:
1776:
1711:, p. 9.
1709:Jazexhi 2018
1669:
1649:
1631:
1619:
1615:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:
1573:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:
1536:
1432:
1388:
1352:Montenegrins
1325:
1292:Montenegrins
1285:
1252:
1216:
1164:
1076:
1064:
1034:
1014:, allied to
964:
949:against the
940:
927:
876:
838:
809:
792:
772:
727:
693:Kosovo field
681:Dibra region
679:through the
650:
585:
566:independent
561:
545:
543:
511:Ottoman Army
447:
427:
383:
352:
323:Abdülhamid I
313:
306:
145:
140:Belligerents
114:Inconclusive
77:(modern-day
1975:(46): 298.
1947:, S. 23-24.
1622:(46): 295.
1467:Kara Mahmud
1441:joined the
1439:Kara Mahmud
1419:Kara Mahmud
1403:Kara Mahmud
1395:Kara Mahmud
1380:Kara Mahmud
1368:Kara Mahmud
1356:Kara Mahmud
1354:. However,
1336:Kara Mahmud
1235:Kara Mahmud
1223:Kara Mahmud
1199:Kara Mahmud
1191:Kara Mahmud
1167:Kara Mahmud
1151:Kara Mahmud
1135:Kara Mahmud
1127:Kara Mahmud
1091:Kara Mahmud
1079:Kara Mahmud
1045:Kara Mahmud
1020:decapitated
1016:Kara Mahmud
995:Kara Mahmud
955:Kara Mahmud
931:Kara Mahmud
887:Kara Mahmud
820:Kara Mahmud
794:Kara Mahmud
705:Kara Mahmud
701:Kara Mahmud
689:Kara Mahmud
687:. However,
653:Kara Mahmud
616:Kara Mahmud
612:Kara Mahmud
596:Kara Mahmud
119:Territorial
43:Kara Mahmud
2060:Categories
2049:2023-10-31
2038:, Dielli,
2018:2023-10-30
1921:Gjeli 2018
1861:Gjeli 2018
1749:Gjeli 2018
1726:Gjeli 2018
1588:2023-11-05
1564:2023-11-05
1511:Gjeli 2018
1489:References
1447:Yeni Pazar
1133:, awaited
1117:. Despite
1107:his castle
1008:Hoti tribe
657:Mutasarrif
582:Background
570:, and the
502:Hoti tribe
87:Montenegro
1981:0353-9008
1628:0353-9008
1463:Austrians
1451:Austrians
1429:Aftermath
1372:Selim III
1340:Austrians
1312:Vukasović
1179:Austrians
1053:Bushatlis
951:Bushatlis
919:Ali Pasha
879:Bushatlis
844:Bushatlis
808:issued a
760:in 1787.
636:Bushatlis
632:Bushatlis
337:Selim III
326:(d. 1789)
57:1785-1789
2040:archived
1459:Izvornik
1407:governor
1376:Ottomans
1348:Austrian
1344:Austrian
1231:Toptanis
1207:Austrian
1203:Ottomans
1123:Toptanis
1083:Pashalik
1061:Toptanis
985:, where
909:for the
891:Istanbul
846:against
798:Sarajevo
779:Manastir
642:Timeline
600:Manastir
563:de facto
550:Albanian
517:Strength
62:Location
1992:Sources
1969:Baština
1616:Baština
1483:Scutari
1479:Nikšići
1475:Nikšići
1471:Scutari
1393:sought
1391:Rumelia
1316:Austria
1308:Cetinje
1272:Scutari
1219:Scutari
1183:Scutari
1175:Austria
1157:waned.
1143:Austria
1139:Scutari
1119:Ibrahim
1115:Toptani
1057:Scutari
1041:Scutari
971:Rumelia
903:Bushati
899:Elbasan
864:Trikala
758:Scutari
750:Scutari
734:Rovčani
730:Nikšići
709:Rumelia
677:Shkodër
673:Shkodër
667:and of
665:Rumelia
661:eyalets
604:Rumelia
588:Austria
538:unknown
535:unknown
525:unknown
522:unknown
506:Malsors
428:†
384:†
353:†
307:†
272:Rovčani
267:Nikšići
121:changes
79:Albania
1979:
1813:
1677:
1626:
1455:Bosnia
1411:Bosnia
1382:. The
1239:Ulcinj
1171:Russia
1147:Russia
1131:Durrës
999:Malsor
977:, and
975:Bosnia
947:Ulcinj
802:Edirne
783:Skopje
775:Yakova
713:Bosnia
685:Kosovo
669:Bosnia
592:Russia
445:
111:Result
99:Greece
95:Serbia
91:Bosnia
83:Kosovo
2043:(PDF)
2036:(PDF)
2012:(PDF)
2005:(PDF)
1965:(PDF)
1612:(PDF)
1453:. In
1243:Tivar
1066:Pasha
991:siege
883:Ohrid
856:Tosks
811:fatwa
742:Rovca
1977:ISSN
1973:2018
1811:ISBN
1675:ISBN
1624:ISSN
1620:2018
1326:The
1304:Spuž
1173:and
1145:and
732:and
711:and
590:and
544:The
101:and
73:and
54:Date
2024:PDF
1409:of
1153:in
969:of
881:in
2062::
2022:.
1971:.
1967:.
1952:^
1928:^
1893:^
1868:^
1825:^
1756:^
1733:^
1716:^
1689:^
1659:^
1639:^
1630:.
1618:.
1614:.
1597:^
1581:.
1557:.
1546:^
1518:^
1497:^
1485:.
1437:,
1318:.
1310:,
1261:.
1097:,
1043:,
925:.
874:.
715:.
626:,
594:,
552::
97:,
93:,
89:,
85:,
81:,
69:,
1983:.
1819:.
1683:.
1591:.
1567:.
548:(
448:X
131:.
105:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
