42:
892:'s attempts to assert dominance over the region. An Austrian accession to the Little Entente or, failing that, an Austrian declaration of support for the Little Entente, would have been highly useful to Czechoslovakia. Beneš ventured to impress the benefits of an alliance with Czechoslovkia on the Austrian ambassador. In his reply to Beneš, Schober insisted that Austria would not be able to join the Little Entente – due to the policy of neutrality that had been imposed on his rump state by the
299:
980:. As long as Schober himself remained office, however, the People's Party was still bound by the original coalition agreement. The agreement required the party to vote in support of government bills in the National Council, and one of the government bills on the table in January 1922 was the ratification of the Treaty of Lana. Anxious to ensure the survival of the coalition, Schober defused the issue through resigning. On January 26, 1922, Schober stepped down. His vice chancellor
1727:
917:), the two countries promised each other to honor the Treaty of Saint-Germain, to respect each other's borders, to support each other diplomatically, and to remain neutral if either of them should be attacked by a third party. They further promised each other not to tolerate any activity on their respective soil that aimed to undermine the security of the respectively other, and to support each other against any attempt to restore the Habsburg regime.
28:
861:
himself, partly because he took, in addition to the chancellorship, personal control of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Schober's installation as both the chancellor and the foreign minister created the impression – the false impression, as it later turned out – impression that the pan-German cause was in good hands and that unsolicited unilateral action on the part of the regional governments would not be needed.
325:, the largest party on the right and the second-largest party overall. The grand coalition was a pragmatic choice but not an ideologically undemanding one. The government found itself blocked at every turn by party leaders' unwillingness to compromise. No other alliance would have commanded the support of a stable parliamentary majority. Austrians began to warm to the idea of a "cabinet of civil servants" ("
331:"), a government of senior career bureaucrats who would be loyal to the country and not to any particular ideological camp. The Habsburg Empire had consciously cultivated an ethos of partisan neutrality in its civil servants. A pool of highly educated middle-aged administrators who counted sober professionalism as an important aspect of their self-image stood ready to be tapped.
944:
From the point of view of
Schober, the Treaty of Lana was a resounding success. Austria had conceded nothing it had not conceded already in the Treaty of Saint-Germain. The treaty was a symbolic gesture, renewing old promises without making any new ones, but all the same a gesture that Czechoslovakia
268:
was galloping. Austria relied on foreign loans to keep buying
Czechoslovak food and coal and to generally just keep running; it would require even more foreign loans, drastically larger ones, to reform its currency and to actually restructure. These loans would not be forthcoming, however, as long as
860:
The emergency the
Schober government had to deal with most urgently were the referendums on unification with Germany that a number of provinces were preparing. Schober convinced the provinces to abandon their plans. Schober succeeded where Mayr had failed partly because he was known to be pan-German
338:
was an obvious choice for the person to lead it. The Vienna Chief of Police enjoyed wide name recognition and was respected across party divides for his competence and effectiveness. He also enjoyed a reputation for personal integrity, an important point in a country sick of corruption and nepotism.
222:
The main challenges facing the first
Schober government were Austria's lack of money, rampant inflation, and dependence on imports the country became increasingly unable to afford. The government was in desperate need of credit, but loans would not be forthcoming until Austria assuaged fears among
896:– but that Schober would be more than happy to meet with Beneš in order to discuss what could be done instead. Schober also expressed his hope that Beneš would find it in his heart to help open up lines of credit for Austria, by putting in a good word for the country "in Paris and London".
289:
unsuccessfully attempted to reclaim the
Hungarian throne. Although Hungary swiftly and roundly rebuffed the would-be king, the incident put additional strain on Austro-Czechoslovak relations. A resolution of the tensions would go a long way towards reassuring Austria's potential creditors.
235:, an idea that was popular in Austria at the time and that was in fact one of the People's Party defining platform planks. When Schober managed to open lines of credit through confirming Austria's commitment to independence in the Treaty of Lana, the People's Party forced his resignation.
369:
prohibited a union of the two countries, but unification remained popular. In early 1921, several provincial governments hatched plans to break away from
Austria and join Germany on their own; preparations for local referendums were made. Chancellor
215:") loyal to the country rather than to any particular faction. Eight of its eleven members, including the chancellor himself, were political independents and career administrators in the employ of the Republic. The government's main opponent was the
953:
on the other hand. The party had been hoping that
Austria would, sooner or later, defy the Treaty of Saint-Germain and would seek accession to the German Reich. The party had also been hoping that the unification of all Germans would extend to the
280:
The Allies paid close attention to
Austria's relationship with Czechoslovakia. Prague too was worried about a possible Austrian attempt to join Germany; Prague was also worried about a possible Austrian attempt to restore the
400:) and not as a minister proper. The Ministry of Nutrition of the Population too was led by an acting minister. The Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Education, historically independent but merged since the
936:. On the occasion of the exchange of signatures, Czechoslovakia promised to grant Austria an immediate loan of CZK 500 million and to support Austria's entreaties for more money in France and the United Kingdom.
965:
In the final days of
December 1921, the People's Party staged protest rallies against the treaty all over the country. Protests were also organized by other pan-German groups, including the nascent
354:. Seipel, however, was reluctant to assume the chancellorship because of the difficult decisions and general hardship he knew still lay ahead; he wanted someone else to do the dirty work.
334:
The grand coalition had fallen apart by June 1920, but the right-of-center alliance succeeding it was not much more efficient. The idea of a cabinet of independents was still popular, and
575:
435:. It therefore contained two symbolic Christian Social representatives and one symbolic People's Party delegate. The remaining eight of its eleven members were political independents.
1711:
1701:
1706:
1696:
361:
had been proclaimed with the understanding that it would eventually join the German Reich, a vision shared by a clear majority of its population at the time. The treaties of
1841:
1831:
1846:
1836:
1826:
1816:
1806:
1786:
1681:
945:
would handsomely reward. From the point of view of the People's Party, the treaty was tantamount to treason. The two defining platform planks of the People's Party were
394:, and nine ministers. There were a number of idiosyncrasies. Chancellor Schober doubled as the minister of foreign affairs, but technically only in an acting capacity (
1811:
1801:
1781:
1741:
1676:
1661:
1646:
1626:
1470:
1796:
1651:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1591:
1581:
1791:
1776:
1766:
1751:
1636:
1601:
375:
159:
1771:
1761:
1756:
1746:
1596:
264:. The poor tax base and brutal trade imbalance prompted the Austrian government to print too much money. By 1921, the country had exhausted its reserves and
1666:
603:
277:. There were still fears among the Allies that Austria might try to join the German Reich in defiance of the treaty; these fears had to be laid to rest.
1851:
1821:
1671:
784:
563:
1554:
583:
543:
313:
had radically different visions regarding the constitutional, territorial, and economic future of their demoralized, impoverished rump state. The
703:
623:
310:
260:
agriculture for its standard of living. The Austria of 1921 was structurally weak and forced to import large amounts of food and coal from
1932:
209:, was unambiguously right of center, the government itself was supposed to be nonpartisan – a so-called "cabinet of civil servants" ("
1927:
973:
traveled from Munich to Vienna to rail against the treaty in front of some six hundred sympathizers, a notable early appearance.
893:
366:
274:
228:
1523:
1500:
1460:
1422:
1370:
635:
1339:
1547:
615:
1432:
351:
149:
41:
985:
378:
resigned on June 1, 1921. Schober looked like the man of the hour to politicians from all over the political spectrum.
314:
216:
845:
668:
526:
509:
487:
428:
424:
322:
206:
202:
131:
126:
1540:
695:
1433:"Politisches Abkommen zwischen der Republik Ă–sterreich und der Tschecho-slowakischen Republik, BGBl. 173/1922"
1937:
776:
756:
736:
655:
595:
555:
535:
455:
305:, leader of the plurality party, would have been an obvious candidate for chancellor but declined to step up.
1861:
350:, the leader of the Christian Socials, who had displaced the Social Democrats as the plurality party in the
984:
was sworn in as his successor, and the Treaty of Lana was ratified with the votes of Christian Socials and
907:
and negotiated a compact of mutual understanding and support with their Austrian counterparts, Schober and
797:
The People's Party representative in the cabinet resigned on January 16, 1921; Schober took over from him:
1856:
992:
was scrapped after a single day in office, and Schober returned to the chancellorship as the head of the
900:
1691:
477:
432:
391:
358:
1942:
1876:
1686:
1616:
1344:
993:
405:
1491:
Wandruszka, Adam (1983). "Johannes Schober". In Weissensteiner, Friedrich; Weinzierl, Erika (eds.).
1871:
1716:
1586:
817:
496:
401:
374:
ordered the would-be defectors to cease and desist but was ignored. Having lost its authority, the
1361:
Klemperer, Klemens (1983). "Ignaz Seipel". In Weissensteiner, Friedrich; Weinzierl, Erika (eds.).
1901:
1896:
1656:
976:
On January 16, 1922, the People's Party also withdrew its representative in Schober's cabinet,
830:
789:
769:
749:
708:
688:
648:
628:
608:
588:
568:
548:
470:
201:, in office from June 21, 1921 to January 26, 1922. Although the coalition, consisting of the
1886:
1866:
1563:
460:
387:
270:
224:
911:. In the Political Agreement between the Republic of Austria and the Czechoslovak Republic (
962:. Schober, whom the party had considered a reliable ally, was renouncing both these goals.
914:
Politisches Abkommen zwischen der Republik Ă–sterreich und der Tschechoslowakischen Republik
362:
286:
194:
1726:
764:
683:
8:
1906:
1891:
1475:
178:
924:, the summer seat of the Czechoslovak president. It became known as the Treaty of Lana (
1611:
1411:
1397:
989:
169:
1380:
Orde, Anne (1980). "The Origins of the German-Austrian Customs Union Affair of 1931".
1519:
1496:
1456:
1418:
1366:
1312:
864:
The provinces appeased, Schober next tried to improve Austria's poor relations with
744:
1512:
1389:
908:
825:
643:
465:
404:, were not yet separated again, but in addition to the actual minister there was a
335:
252:, the region that would later become the Republic of Austria had been dependent on
198:
92:
46:
920:
The agreement was signed on December 16 during a return visit of the Austrians to
1881:
955:
318:
249:
232:
186:
869:
981:
873:
865:
840:
521:
482:
317:
controlled a plurality but not a majority of the seats. It eventually formed a
261:
102:
1393:
921:
273:
could not be thoroughly certain that Austria would obey the provisions of the
1921:
1448:
977:
950:
504:
340:
298:
1217:
970:
946:
663:
371:
347:
302:
1532:
958:, the German-speaking former Habsburg subjects living in what used to be
423:
The Schober government, like its predecessor, depended on a coalition of
1401:
966:
877:
417:
betraut mit der Leitung der Angelegenheiten des Unterrichts und Kultus
904:
872:, helpfully took the first step. Czechoslovakia had just created the
282:
265:
27:
1567:
959:
885:
881:
257:
253:
33:
1338:
1223:
1029:
1017:
899:
Beneš accepted the invitation. On August 10, 1921, Beneš and
889:
1326:(2). Munich and Berlin: Institut für Zeitgeschichte: 207–208
1289:
1277:
1253:
1229:
1193:
1181:
1154:
1152:
1137:
1125:
1041:
1005:
1149:
1241:
1077:
1205:
1065:
231:. The Treaty forbade Austria to pursue accession into
1113:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1101:
1511:
1410:
716:Three ministers were replaced on October 7, 1921:
1164:
1089:
1053:
1919:
1453:Österreich I: Band 1: Die unterschätzte Republik
1265:
757:Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Construction
596:Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Construction
1548:
1514:The Setting of the Pearl. Vienna under Hitler
346:Another obvious candidate for chancellor was
931:
925:
912:
415:
409:
395:
326:
210:
888:claims against its neighbors and to thwart
1562:
1555:
1541:
1490:
1431:
1211:
1158:
1047:
1035:
903:, the Czechoslovak president, traveled to
1495:. Vienna: Ă–sterreichischer Bundesverlag.
1365:. Vienna: Ă–sterreichischer Bundesverlag.
1360:
1083:
1447:
1388:(1). Cambridge University Press: 34–59.
1295:
1283:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1199:
1187:
1143:
1131:
1071:
1023:
1011:
343:cause but still considered nonpartisan.
297:
1408:
1119:
930:) after the German name of the castle,
677:Ministry of Nutrition of the Population
1920:
818:Ministry of Education and the Interior
497:Ministry of Education and the Interior
1536:
1469:
1417:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
1320:Vierteljahreshefte fĂĽr Zeitgeschichte
1175:
868:. The Czechoslovak foreign minister,
1509:
1379:
1310:
1271:
1107:
1095:
1059:
576:Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
293:
1340:"Die Zusammenkunft der Präsidenten"
1224:Arbeiter-Zeitung, December 17, 1921
13:
1493:Die österreichischen Bundeskanzler
1455:. Vienna: Kremayr & Scheriau.
1363:Die österreichischen Bundeskanzler
1313:"Zwei Aufenthalte Hitlers in Wien"
414:) in charge of education affairs (
227:that it might attempt to defy the
14:
1954:
1933:1922 disestablishments in Austria
876:, an alliance of Czechoslovakia,
1725:
386:The government consisted of the
339:He was known to be close to the
40:
26:
1928:1921 establishments in Austria
1348:. December 17, 1921. p. 4
939:
381:
311:Austria's Constituent Assembly
109:
1:
1413:Out of the Shadow of the Past
1304:
429:Greater German People's Party
256:industry and on Bohemian and
238:
207:Greater German People's Party
132:Greater German People's Party
999:
248:In the final decades of the
7:
1518:. Oxford University Press.
1311:Auer, Johann (April 1966).
884:that was meant to restrain
855:
636:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
1959:
616:Ministry of Social Affairs
359:Republic of German-Austria
243:
72:January 26, 1922
1734:
1723:
1574:
1394:10.1017/S0008938900008992
994:second Schober government
844:
839:
836:
829:
824:
821:
816:
811:
808:
805:
802:
788:
783:
780:
775:
768:
763:
760:
755:
748:
743:
740:
735:
730:
727:
724:
721:
707:
702:
699:
694:
687:
682:
679:
676:
667:
662:
659:
654:
647:
642:
639:
634:
627:
622:
619:
614:
607:
602:
599:
594:
587:
582:
579:
574:
567:
562:
559:
554:
547:
542:
539:
534:
525:
520:
517:
508:
503:
500:
495:
486:
481:
476:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
446:
443:
440:
285:to power. In March 1921,
165:
155:
145:
140:
119:
108:
99:Deputy head of government
98:
88:
83:
68:
53:
39:
25:
18:
1382:Central European History
1026:, pp. 284, 298–299.
402:second Renner government
309:The fourteen parties in
183:first Schober government
84:People and organisations
20:First Schober government
1409:Pelinka, Peter (1998).
894:Treaty of Saint-Germain
431:for its support in the
397:mit der Leitung betraut
315:Social Democratic Party
275:Treaty of Saint-Germain
250:Austro-Hungarian Empire
229:Treaty of Saint-Germain
217:Social Democratic Party
57:June 21, 1921
1038:, pp. 62, 65, 70.
932:
926:
913:
837:In charge of education
518:In charge of education
425:Christian Social Party
416:
410:
396:
376:second Mayr government
327:
323:Christian Social Party
306:
211:
203:Christian Social Party
190:
127:Christian Social Party
1510:Weyr, Thomas (2005).
696:Ministry of Transport
301:
271:Allies of World War I
225:Allies of World War I
1938:Austrian governments
949:on the one hand and
777:Ministry of the Army
656:Ministry of the Army
287:Charles I of Austria
195:coalition government
193:) was a short-lived
1476:Austrian Parliament
1298:, pp. 304–305.
1286:, pp. 303–304.
1262:, pp. 302–304.
1238:, pp. 300–301.
1202:, pp. 298–300.
1190:, pp. 293–294.
1146:, pp. 286–293.
1134:, pp. 310–311.
1014:, pp. 297–298.
737:Ministry of Finance
556:Ministry of Finance
536:Ministry of Justice
191:Regierung Schober I
990:Breisky government
307:
89:Head of government
1915:
1914:
1525:978-0-19-514679-0
1502:978-3-215-04669-8
1462:978-3-453-07945-8
1424:978-0-8133-2918-5
1372:978-3-215-04669-8
1110:, pp. 35–36.
1050:, pp. 65–66.
853:
852:
795:
794:
765:Alfred GrĂĽnberger
714:
713:
684:Alfred GrĂĽnberger
604:Alexander Angerer
352:elections of 1920
294:Political climate
179:Austrian politics
175:
174:
1950:
1943:1920s in Austria
1729:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1517:
1506:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1466:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1435:. March 30, 1922
1428:
1416:
1405:
1376:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1345:Arbeiter-Zeitung
1335:
1333:
1331:
1317:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1162:
1156:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
986:Social Democrats
935:
929:
927:Vertrag von Lana
916:
909:Michael Hainisch
848:
826:Johannes Schober
800:
799:
719:
718:
671:
644:Johannes Schober
529:
512:
490:
466:Johannes Schober
438:
437:
433:National Council
419:
413:
399:
336:Johannes Schober
330:
214:
199:Johannes Schober
111:
93:Johannes Schober
79:
77:
64:
62:
47:Johannes Schober
44:
30:
16:
15:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1735:Second Republic
1730:
1721:
1707:Schuschnigg III
1570:
1561:
1526:
1503:
1481:
1479:
1463:
1438:
1436:
1425:
1373:
1351:
1349:
1329:
1327:
1315:
1307:
1302:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1165:
1159:Wandruszka 1983
1157:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1048:Wandruszka 1983
1046:
1042:
1036:Wandruszka 1983
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1006:
1002:
956:Sudeten Germans
942:
858:
846:
822:Acting minister
680:Acting minister
669:
640:Acting minister
564:Ferdinand Grimm
527:
510:
488:
478:Vice chancellor
406:state secretary
392:vice chancellor
384:
328:Beamtenkabinett
319:grand coalition
296:
246:
241:
212:Beamtenkabinett
136:
75:
73:
60:
58:
49:
31:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1956:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1712:Schuschnigg IV
1709:
1704:
1702:Schuschnigg II
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1575:First Republic
1572:
1571:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1507:
1501:
1488:
1467:
1461:
1449:Portisch, Hugo
1445:
1429:
1423:
1406:
1377:
1371:
1358:
1336:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1250:, p. 302.
1240:
1228:
1216:
1212:BGBl. 173/1922
1204:
1192:
1180:
1163:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1086:, p. 102.
1084:Klemperer 1983
1076:
1074:, p. 293.
1064:
1052:
1040:
1028:
1016:
1003:
1001:
998:
982:Walter Breisky
941:
938:
874:Little Entente
866:Czechoslovakia
857:
854:
851:
850:
843:
841:Walter Breisky
838:
834:
833:
828:
823:
820:
814:
813:
810:
807:
804:
793:
792:
787:
782:
779:
773:
772:
767:
762:
759:
753:
752:
747:
745:Alfred GĂĽrtler
742:
739:
733:
732:
729:
726:
723:
712:
711:
706:
701:
698:
692:
691:
686:
681:
678:
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673:
666:
661:
658:
652:
651:
646:
641:
638:
632:
631:
626:
621:
618:
612:
611:
606:
601:
598:
592:
591:
586:
584:Leopold Hennet
581:
578:
572:
571:
566:
561:
558:
552:
551:
546:
544:Rudolf Paltauf
541:
538:
532:
531:
524:
522:Walter Breisky
519:
515:
514:
507:
502:
499:
493:
492:
485:
483:Walter Breisky
480:
474:
473:
468:
463:
458:
452:
451:
448:
445:
442:
411:Staatssekretär
383:
380:
295:
292:
262:Czechoslovakia
245:
242:
240:
237:
233:Weimar Germany
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
138:
137:
135:
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129:
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121:
120:Member parties
117:
116:
113:
106:
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103:Walter Breisky
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
70:
69:Date dissolved
66:
65:
55:
51:
50:
45:
37:
36:
32:Government of
23:
22:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1955:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
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1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
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1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
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1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Vranitzky III
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
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1718:
1717:Seyss-Inquart
1715:
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1700:
1698:
1697:Schuschnigg I
1695:
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1364:
1359:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1308:
1297:
1296:Portisch 1989
1292:
1285:
1284:Portisch 1989
1280:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1260:Portisch 1989
1256:
1249:
1248:Portisch 1989
1244:
1237:
1236:Portisch 1989
1232:
1225:
1220:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1200:Portisch 1989
1196:
1189:
1188:Portisch 1989
1184:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1161:, p. 66.
1160:
1155:
1153:
1145:
1144:Portisch 1989
1140:
1133:
1132:Portisch 1989
1128:
1122:, p. 11.
1121:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1098:, p. 47.
1097:
1092:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1072:Portisch 1989
1068:
1062:, p. 41.
1061:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1024:Portisch 1989
1020:
1013:
1012:Portisch 1989
1008:
1004:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:Leopold Waber
974:
972:
968:
963:
961:
957:
952:
951:pan-Germanism
948:
937:
934:
928:
923:
918:
915:
910:
906:
902:
901:Tomáš Masaryk
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
849:
842:
835:
832:
827:
819:
815:
809:Officeholder
801:
798:
791:
786:
785:Josef Wächter
778:
774:
771:
766:
758:
754:
751:
746:
738:
734:
728:Officeholder
720:
717:
710:
705:
704:Walter Rodler
697:
693:
690:
685:
675:
672:
665:
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570:
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557:
553:
550:
545:
537:
533:
530:
523:
516:
513:
506:
505:Leopold Waber
498:
494:
491:
484:
479:
475:
472:
467:
462:
457:
453:
447:Officeholder
439:
436:
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430:
426:
421:
418:
412:
407:
403:
398:
393:
389:
379:
377:
373:
368:
367:Saint-Germain
364:
360:
355:
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349:
344:
342:
337:
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329:
324:
320:
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114:
107:
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101:
97:
94:
91:
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82:
71:
67:
56:
52:
48:
43:
38:
35:
29:
24:
17:
1902:Schallenberg
1842:Vranitzky IV
1832:Vranitzky II
1606:
1513:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1474:
1452:
1439:September 7,
1437:. Retrieved
1412:
1385:
1381:
1362:
1352:September 7,
1350:. Retrieved
1343:
1330:September 7,
1328:. Retrieved
1323:
1319:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1139:
1127:
1120:Pelinka 1998
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1019:
1007:
975:
971:Adolf Hitler
964:
947:Antisemitism
943:
933:Schloss Lana
919:
898:
870:Edvard Beneš
863:
859:
796:
715:
664:Carl Vaugoin
422:
385:
372:Michael Mayr
356:
348:Ignaz Seipel
345:
333:
308:
303:Ignaz Seipel
279:
247:
221:
182:
176:
112:of ministers
1862:SchĂĽssel II
1847:Vranitzky V
1827:Vranitzky I
1812:Kreisky III
1692:Dollfuss II
1662:Schober III
1657:Streeruwitz
1564:Governments
1471:"Schober I"
940:Resignation
922:Lány Castle
803:Department
722:Department
624:Franz Pauer
456:Chancellery
441:Department
382:Composition
156:Predecessor
54:Date formed
1922:Categories
1877:Faymann II
1867:Gusenbauer
1857:SchĂĽssel I
1817:Kreisky IV
1807:Kreisky II
1787:Gorbach II
1687:Dollfuss I
1682:Buresch II
1632:Seipel III
1617:Schober II
1592:Renner III
1482:August 31,
1305:References
967:Nazi Party
878:Yugoslavia
461:Chancellor
388:chancellor
363:Versailles
341:pan-German
239:Background
76:1922-01-26
61:1921-06-21
1872:Faymann I
1802:Kreisky I
1782:Gorbach I
1742:Renner IV
1677:Buresch I
1647:Seipel IV
1627:Seipel II
1607:Schober I
1587:Renner II
1272:Auer 1966
1176:Schober I
1108:Orde 1980
1096:Weyr 2005
1060:Orde 1980
1000:Citations
905:Hallstatt
886:Hungarian
321:with the
283:Habsburgs
266:inflation
258:Hungarian
166:Successor
1907:Nehammer
1892:Bierlein
1822:Sinowatz
1797:Klaus II
1772:Raab III
1757:Figl III
1652:Seipel V
1642:Ramek II
1622:Seipel I
1582:Renner I
1451:(1989).
856:Activity
781:Minister
761:Minister
741:Minister
700:Minister
660:Minister
620:Minister
600:Minister
580:Minister
560:Minister
540:Minister
501:Minister
254:Bohemian
205:and the
197:led by
146:Election
1897:Kurz II
1792:Klaus I
1777:Raab IV
1767:Raab II
1752:Figl II
1667:Vaugoin
1637:Ramek I
1612:Breisky
1602:Mayr II
1568:Austria
1402:4545885
960:Bohemia
882:Romania
806:Office
725:Office
444:Office
244:Economy
170:Breisky
160:Mayr II
141:History
74: (
59: (
34:Austria
1887:Kurz I
1762:Raab I
1747:Figl I
1597:Mayr I
1522:
1499:
1459:
1421:
1400:
1369:
988:. The
880:, and
812:Party
731:Party
450:Party
390:, the
187:German
181:, the
1852:Klima
1672:Ender
1398:JSTOR
1316:(PDF)
890:Italy
1882:Kern
1520:ISBN
1497:ISBN
1484:2018
1457:ISBN
1441:2018
1419:ISBN
1367:ISBN
1354:2018
1332:2018
831:none
790:none
770:none
750:none
709:none
689:none
649:none
629:none
609:none
589:none
569:none
549:none
511:GDVP
471:none
427:and
365:and
357:The
269:the
223:the
150:1920
1566:of
1390:doi
420:).
177:In
110:No.
1924::
1473:.
1396:.
1386:13
1384:.
1342:.
1324:14
1322:.
1318:.
1166:^
1151:^
996:.
969:.
847:CS
670:CS
528:CS
489:CS
219:.
189::
1556:e
1549:t
1542:v
1528:.
1505:.
1486:.
1465:.
1443:.
1427:.
1404:.
1392::
1375:.
1356:.
1334:.
1274:.
1226:.
1214:.
1178:.
408:(
185:(
115:9
78:)
63:)
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