657:
payments from the foreigners with something to gain by Roman intervention). Aquillius' retinue included representatives of the lenders. With
Aquillius' support they now urged the two kings to invade the Pontic kingdom to secure the funds with which to repay the loans that had been needed for the bribes. Fearing the power of Mithridates (and probably aware that the Senate had given no such orders), both kings demurred. But Nicomedes' creditors persisted with their pressure until he at last consented.
171:
731:
37:
2307:
580:, whose country was Pontus' traditional enemy. Nicomedes occupied Cappadocia and Mithridates retaliated by driving him out of Cappadocia and establishing himself as patron of his nephew's kingship on the throne. When Ariarathes refused to welcome Gordius back, Mithridates invaded Cappadocia again and killed Ariarathes. He proceeded to place his son, also called Ariarathes, on the throne of Cappadocia under the guardianship of Gordius.
818:(the Roman-hater) on account of the extremity of his anti-Roman sentiments. Metrodoros suggested that in order to bind the communities of the Roman province to the Pontic cause, the king should arrange for the extermination of all Romans in the province without regard to age or sex, and force the participation of all the Greek civic authorities, thus shaking off Roman rule permanently and irrevocably.
1009:, Sulla's admiral, refused to collaborate with Fimbria to prevent Mithridates sailing away from the port. Mithridates met with Sulla at Dardanus later in 85 BC, and accepted terms which restored all his gains in Asia, Cappadocia and Bithynia to their original rulers, but left him his own kingdom, in return for a huge indemnity and the loan of 70 ships to Sulla to return to Rome and face his enemies.
771:. But the present situation was even better from Marius' viewpoint, since the war was now inevitable but still impending: which gave him time to get out to Asia province before it began, if he hurried. However, it was not Marius but Sulla, the newly elected consul, who received the command against Mithridates (autumn 89 BC, probably calendar December).
722:
delay they finally came up with a publicly acceptable pronouncement: the Romans did not wish harm done to their ally
Mithridates, nor could they allow war to be made against Nicomedes because it was against the interests of Rome that he be weakened. Pelopidas wished to make something of the insufficiency of this answer, but was ushered out.
705:
allies, to punish or restrain the
Bithynian aggressor. Bithynian envoys replied first, citing Pontic aggression against Bithynia and her present king, the ominous Pontic build-up of arms, territory and resources, and alliances â from Armenia to Thrace â while negotiations were still in progress with the
1012:
Following this and realizing that he could not face Sulla, Fimbria fell on his sword. This left Sulla to settle Asia, which he did by imposing a huge indemnity on the Greek cities there, along with demands for five years of back taxes, thus leaving the Asian cities heavily in debt for a long time to
958:
In about April 86 BC, beginning to run short of supplies and increasingly anxious about Lucius
Hortensius' safety, Sulla took the bold decision to quit Attica and march into the fertile plains of Boeotia to feed his army, but also expose it to the great cavalry strength of the Pontic army. This move
942:
Early in the spring of 86 BC, Taxiles concentrated most of his troops, sent word to
Archelaos to join him in the Magnetic ports, and marched south from Macedonia into Thessaly. Archelaos rejected the suggestion. He was the senior officer and preferred to persist with his blockade of Attica. Thessaly
762:
The main ancient source, Appian, now states that both sides began to assemble large forces for all-out war, and implies precipitate action by the Pontic King. Instead a Pontic delegation was sent to Rome, and the marshalling of the armies in
Anatolia must have taken up the remainder of the year. The
721:
Through
Pelopidas' skill in presenting the case, Mithridates' attempt to embarrass and even discredit the Roman representatives succeeded. The latter had made a show of listening fairly to both sides and were now embarrassed by the obvious injustice done to a nominal friend and ally. After a lengthy
656:
The kings, Nicomedes in particular, had taken out big loans in Rome to bribe the
Senators to vote for their restoration (this decision was a given in accordance with long-term policy in the region, but it appears that by now nothing much was done by the Senate in foreign affairs without accompanying
821:
Soon after securing control of the province in spring 88 BC, Mithridates proceeded with his plans. The massacre was carefully planned and co-ordinated to take the victims by surprise, in every community and all at once. In writing to all the civic authorities of the province, detailing the measures
783:
Clearly the prevalent view at Rome was that the reoccupation of
Cappadocia was the last straw and that the Pontic king should be attacked and deposed. Even more importantly, the winding-down of the Italic War now released the troops necessary to effect this. As for Sulla, he had put himself back in
766:
The details of the beginning of the war show that the precipitate action was taken by
Aquillius himself, who was clearly keen to begin the war before the Pontic legation returned (even though its chances of success were slim following the reoccupation of Cappadocia, the possibility remained, in the
717:
in the East. But he insisted that something must be done about the most recent Bithynian acts of aggression: the closing of the Euxine and the invasion and plunder of Pontic territory. He once again called upon the Romans to honour the letter of the Treaty and help Mithridates punish his attackers,
704:
The Pontic envoy Pelopidas cleverly ignored the fact that Aquillius and his suite had induced the Bithynian raid. Instead he let out propaganda about Roman intolerance towards Mithridates and concluded by appealing to the Treaty between Mithridates and Rome, calling upon the Romans, as friends and
672:
without encountering resistance. Mithridates had long been preparing a challenge to Roman power and the time was now ripe. As a final means of enlisting as much sympathy as possible in Anatolia, he offered no opposition to the Bithynian raid, preferring to appear as manifestly wronged by what was
644:
Cassius' small army was probably the standard peacetime garrison force of between a whole and half legion (5 to 10 cohorts) and a few local auxiliary units â certainly no more than 5,000 troops in all. The Aquillian legation soon augmented it with a large force of Galatian and Phrygian auxiliary
934:
Even after Sulla seized Piraeus, Archelaeus persisted in exploiting his command of the sea lanes, holding position off Mounychia with his fleet and preventing any food or materiel reaching the city or the Roman army by sea. By the early spring Archelaos' strategy was biting hard. Rocky Attica
640:
and Manlius Maltinus, to restore Nicomedes and Ariobarzanes to their kingdoms. The Senate also sent instructions to Cassius, the Roman governor (probably a propraetor) of the Roman province of Asia, who had a small army and to Mithridates Eupator himself to assist the restorations.
648:
Its mandate achieved, the Aquillian legation ought to have gone home in winter 90/89 BC. Instead, no doubt on the excuse of keeping Mithridates under observation, it began provoking the Pontic King to war. This was considered to be a very risky and even reckless policy with the
767:
context of the disastrous Italic War losses, that the Senate might prefer to negotiate a settlement and send a new legation to replace the provocative Aquillius). Marius' instructions to Aquillius had probably been to precipitate war and thus present the Senate with a
926:, and it was "some time" before Aristion and his followers surrendered when their water ran out (perhaps the late spring). Athens was punished severely, in a show of vengeance that ensured Greece would remain docile during later civil wars and Mithridatic wars.
880:
would soon follow after a victory mentioned by Pausanias (1.20.5) and Memnon (22.11). Athens, nevertheless, remained loyal to Mithridates, despite a bitter siege throughout the winter of 87/6. Sulla captured Athens on March 1, 86 BC, but Archelaus evacuated
676:
After the raid Mithridates sent his spokesman Pelopidas to the Roman legates and commanders to make a complaint, apparently against Pergamon. At the same time Mithridates continued with his war preparations, trusting especially in his existing alliance with
1108:
For the date of the restorations, in the second half of 90 BC, see Liv.Per.74: "Nicomedes was led back to the kingdom of Bithynia, Ariobarzanes to that of Cappadocia", placed at the end of events in Italy in 90 BC and immediately before the first
907:
Sulla's army took Athens on the Kalends of March, in the consulship of Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Cinna, February 12, 86 BC. The siege of Athens was a long and brutal campaign, and Sulla's rough battle-hardened legions, veterans of the
544:
focused on expanding his kingdom. Mithridates' neighbors, however, were Roman client states, and expansion at their expense would inevitably lead him to conflict with Rome. After successfully incorporating most of the coast around the
774:
News of Mithridates' second expulsion of Ariobarzanes (c. July 89 BC) must have reached Rome in September, a month or two before Sulla was elected consul with Pompeius Rufus, for Plutarch records at the time of his entry into office:
955:, there was little Hortensius could do against the enormous disproportion of the forces descending upon him, other than gather together some Thessalian auxiliary units he had been commissioned to recruit, and fall back southwards.
966:. Archelaeus gathered his remaining forces on the island of Euboea where he was reinforced by Mithridates with 80,000 men from Asia Minor. He then returned to mainland Greece where he was again defeated by Sulla, this time at the
693:. Eventually the Parthian internal conflict was to seize the entire attention of Tigranes too, but this could not yet be known. The Pontic king was also exploiting carefully prepared networks of support and recruitment among the
645:
regiments and with these troops proceeded to restore both monarchs. Mithridates, angry with the Romans, refused to cooperate but neither did he offer opposition and both kings were restored without any fighting in autumn 90 BC.
794:
M. Aemilius Scaurus and cousin of the praetor Metellus Pius and the young Luculli brothers. He was also close to his colleague, Pompeius Rufus, whose son was already married, with at least one child, to his daughter Cornelia.
660:
It was probably at the end of autumn, 90 BC, that Nicomedes regained control of the Thracian Bosporos and in the new sailing season (from mid-March, 89 BC) he prevented egress from the Euxine to Pontic ships.
742:
of the recent violation of his territory. After Pelopidas' return he sent his son Ariarathes into Cappadocia with a strong army. The occupation (summer 89 BC) was rapid and once again (now for a fourth time)
779:
Sulla regarded his consulate as a very minor matter compared with future events. What fired his imagination was the thought of the war against Mithridates. Here, however, he found himself opposed by Marius.
524:. The war lasted five years and ended in a Roman victory, which forced Mithridates to abandon all of his conquests and return to Pontus. The conflict with Mithridates VI later resumed in two further
935:
provided good security for operations against the large Pontic cavalry forces massed in Macedonia, but it was infertile and notoriously incapable even of fully supporting the population of the
755:
authorising Aquillius' mission, and the Treaty. It was a strategic move with a view to serious conflict with the Romans: unlike Nicomedes, Ariobarzanes had done naught to offend. It was thus a
822:
to be taken, the king stipulated that the killings were to be carried out exactly one month after the date of his letter. The date in question is not recorded but fell around early May 88 BC.
912:, thoroughly besieged and stormed Athens. Soon afterwards he captured Athens' harbor of Piraeus, looting and demolishing this area, most of which was destroyed by fire, including architect
990:
and landed in Asia, where many of the Greek cities were in rebellion against Mithridates. This rebellion was prompted in no small part by Mithridates' harsh treatment of the islanders of
614:(south of Cappadocia), and charged him with driving out Mithridates's adherents and the Armenians. After initial difficulties Sulla succeeded and Ariobarzanes was restored to his throne.
713:. Such vast preparations, the Bithynians insisted, were aimed not at Bithynia but at Rome herself. Pelopidas countered by agreeing to let bygones be bygones, and accepting all Roman
1460:
post-Hadrian annalist survives in retrieved fragments, from books XXVI, XXVIII, XXXIII, XXXV and XXXVI of his history, in 5th century uncials of African origin at the bottom of a
2659:
366:
1165:
12,14. Rome had controlled both sides of the Hellespont since the Gallipoli peninsula was appended to Macedonia province following the conquests of T. Didius in 100 BC.
2132:
673:
seen as the puppets and representatives of Rome. The Bithynians returned home with a great deal of plunder â presumably sufficient for Nicomedes to repay his debts.
2127:
814:
In Bithynia Mithridates received a radical and strange piece of advice from a prominent Greek philosopher at his court, Metrodoros of Skepsis, who was known as
2072:
458:
738:
Mithridates knew enough about the workings of Roman politics to seek redress from the Senate, were he really interested. Instead he wanted to act under the
861:
625:, supported by Mithridates drove him from his kingdom. Nicomedes fled to Rome and got the support of the Romans who promised to restore him to his throne.
2089:
2234:
825:
What took place on that day profoundly affected Roman/Hellenistic relations. Appian states that 80,000 Romans and Italians were killed in these "
359:
3152:
2767:
2346:
3162:
1967:
902:
565:, who had been an ally of Mithradates. The kingdom was thus left in the hands of Laodice, who continued the rule as regent for her son
451:
410:
352:
2137:
1834:
Wealth, aristocracy and royal propaganda under the Hellenistic kingdom of the Mithridatids in the central Black Sea region of Turkey.
1449:
785:
689:
attacking from the east in summer 91 BC, and a serious internal war persisted between Sanatruk and Mithridates' eldest son and heir
2163:
2977:
2602:
2494:
2355:
998:
994:, whom he ordered into slavery after they allegedly kept back loot collected from the previously massacred Romans of the island.
165:
2957:
2921:
2649:
2363:
979:
204:
3167:
2065:
860:(western Greece) and marched on Athens. The course of Sulla's expedition has been pieced together through inscriptions (see:
444:
628:
Mithridates main ally, his son-in-law Tigranes, had once again invaded Cappadocia and driven Ariobarzanes from his throne.
2688:
1488:
Tome IV: Codices 223-229 (Association Guillaume BudĂ©, Paris, 1965), pp. 48â99: Greek text with French translation
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919:
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2015:
1889:
1822:
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225:
2010:
600:
2393:
1812:
701:, and now solicited help and alliances from the kings in Syria and from Ptolemy Alexander I and the Cretans.
1431:
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592:
566:
186:
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2158:
1972:
963:
890:
415:
2987:
2020:
1048:
1030:
390:
1480:
Memnon of Herakleia Pontike, 9th century epitome in the ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ of Photius of Byzantium (codex 224)
3157:
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2845:
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2418:
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1939:
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682:
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420:
1716:
Olshausen, Eckart: "Mithradates VI. und Rom", art.25, pp. 806â15 in Hildegard Temporini (ed.)
2962:
2703:
2669:
2622:
2373:
541:
400:
215:
181:
664:
Around the middle of spring, 89 BC, Nicomedes invaded the ancient Mithridateian dynastic lands of
2855:
2807:
2708:
2607:
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2378:
2288:
2270:
2142:
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1574:
Fall of the Roman Republic, Six Lives by Plutarch: Marius, Sulla, Crassus, Pompey, Caesar, Cicero
405:
70:
3080:
3062:
3037:
2896:
2713:
2585:
2484:
2246:
2000:
1943:
1923:
853:
837:
At this point, Mithridates finished capturing Asia Minor and established a presence in Greece.
734:
Map of Asia minor, 89 BC showing Roman provinces and client states as well as Pontic territory.
607:
487:
395:
102:
3084:
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2122:
1949:
718:
or at least honour its spirit and to stand aside while Mithridates himself took his revenge.
686:
562:
554:
492:
1817:
1204:. 12. Nicomedes was not present and was represented by envoys, so certainly not in Bithynia.
3022:
3014:
2949:
2802:
2570:
2472:
2462:
2388:
2005:
1992:
1977:
967:
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the public eye by a good showing as a commander in the Italic War. He had recently married
425:
1748:- "Mithridates Eupator and Rome: A Study of the Background of the First Mithridatic War",
587:, which decreed that Mithridates be removed from Cappadocia and Nicomedes be removed from
8:
2850:
2792:
2258:
2045:
1933:
1882:
1619:
923:
681:, although the more distant connection with Parthia was now without use because his ally
678:
1005:. However, his lack of a navy allowed Mithridates to escape immediate danger by sea, as
2936:
2835:
2551:
2383:
2201:
1982:
948:
596:
220:
89:
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2870:
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2564:
2556:
2546:
2452:
2189:
1669:
622:
537:
513:
139:
16:
1st-century BC military conflict between the Roman Republic and the Kingdom of Pontus
1754:- "The Selling of the King: A Note on Mithridates Eupator's Propaganda in 88 B.C.",
3102:
3072:
3057:
2982:
2911:
2827:
2812:
2664:
2575:
2499:
2440:
2173:
790:
706:
525:
468:
249:
195:
28:
872:, Sulla found the immediate allegiance of most of its cities, foremost among them
751:
was expelled and the rule of Mithridates' son enforced. This violated both of the
3010:
2891:
2681:
2519:
2457:
2445:
2435:
2277:
2168:
1687:
826:
809:
710:
669:
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into his kingdom, he turned his attention towards Asia Minor (in particular, the
986:
and deal with Mithridates. Flaccus' army passed through Macedonia, crossed the
939:, let alone the large Roman army in addition, with no imports coming in by sea.
3142:
3137:
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3127:
3122:
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2312:
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1919:
1875:
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517:
509:
122:
74:
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gave Archelaeus little choice but to sail northward and link up with Taxiles.
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3090:
2840:
2817:
2797:
2639:
2617:
2514:
2509:
2253:
2240:
1607:
Chronologie der Mithridatischen Kriege und AufklÀrung einiger Teile derselben
1572:- translated by Rex Warner, with Introductions and notes by Robin Seager, as
952:
573:
558:
803:
3052:
3042:
2885:
2634:
2541:
2536:
2489:
2408:
1929:
1444:
618:
584:
1841:
The Black Sea in Antiquity: Regional and interregional economic exchanges.
1702:
Hammond, N. G. L.: "The two battles of Chaeronea (338 B.C. and 86 B.C.)",
951:
the orator. But despite his great energy and reputation as an experienced
3067:
2997:
2972:
2967:
2916:
2597:
2526:
2413:
2265:
1762:
Sherwin-White, Adrian Nicholas: "Ariobarzanes, Mithridates, and Sulla",
877:
588:
512:'s expanding empire and rule over the Greek world. In this conflict, the
730:
344:
36:
2944:
2865:
2430:
987:
690:
665:
550:
78:
66:
2745:
2324:
2195:
1536:- translated by John Dryden, with revision by Arthur Hugh Clough, as
997:
After crossing the Hellespont, Flaccus was killed in a mutiny led by
698:
694:
610:, the propraetor who was in charge of reducing the pirates infesting
546:
272:
240:
235:
42:
636:
In the late summer 90 BC a Senatorial legation was sent east, under
1006:
1002:
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842:
725:
577:
521:
436:
245:
176:
128:
170:
886:
882:
869:
611:
617:
In Bithynia Nicomedes III had died. He was succeeded by his son
1661:(Mnemosyne Bibliotheca Classica Batava, Supplement no.89, 1986)
1576:(Penguin Books, 1958; with noted added by Robin Seager, 1972)
913:
865:
857:
846:
516:
and many Greek cities rebelling against Roman rule were led by
1898:
991:
983:
160:
1848:
The foreign policy of Mithridates VI Eupator king of Pontos.
1113:
of the year Pompeius Strabo and L. Porcius Cato were consuls
943:
was only held by a modest Roman observation force under the
621:. Unfortunately for Nicomedes IV, his bastard half-brother,
1659:
The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator King of Pontus
798:
763:
Pontic embassy dates to the autumn and early winter 89 BC.
595:
as King of Cappadocia. Mithridates prompted his son-in-law
1520:- English translations and commentary by William Hansen,
852:
The Romans quickly declared war. In 87 BC, the proconsul
804:
Massacre of the Romans and Italians in Asia, c. May 88 BC
1867:
1780:
Leydold, Miran: "Wann eroberte Mithridates die Provinz
1633:
vol.XV (1932), s. v. Mithridates no.12, colls.2163-2205
1594:
Real-EncyclopÀdie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft
1626:, (London, 1927; reprint by Cooper Square Press, 2001)
1466:
Texts and Transmission: A Survey of the Latin Classics
1616:
vol.XIII (1926), s. v. Licinius no.104, colls.376-414
962:
In Boeotia, Sulla met and defeated Archelaeus in the
1855:
Roman foreign policy in the East 168 B.C. to A.D. 1.
1709:
Luce, T. J.: "Marius and the Mithridatic Command",
1053:
Historiae Romanae ad M. Vinicium Libri Duo, II, 23.3
1035:
Historiae Romanae ad M. Vinicium Libri Duo, II, 23.3
862:
Roman Command Structure during First Mithridatic War
1500:no.434: Greek text, detailed commentary in German
631:
1652:Historische Untersuchungen zu Memnon von Herakleia
1612:Gelzer, Matthias: "L. Licinius Lucullus cos.74",
1001:, who went on to defeat Mithridates and recapture
1464:manuscript palimpsest: see L. D. Reynolds (ed.)
3114:
1737:Badian, Ernst: "Rome, Athens and Mithridates",
1538:Plutarch: Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans
897:Sulla's siege of Athens, summer 87 â early 86 BC
726:Pontic re-occupation of Cappadocia, summer 89 BC
1839:Gabrielsen, Vincent, and John Lund, eds. 2007.
1624:Sulla the Fortunate, Roman General and Dictator
1097:Mithridates the Great, Rome's Indomitable Enemy
1084:Mithridates the Great, Rome's Indomitable Enemy
1067:Mithridates the Great, Rome's Indomitable Enemy
1047:
1029:
1629:Geyer, F: "Mithridates VI Eupator Dionysos",
829:", while Plutarch gives a much higher number.
603:to invade Cappadocia and remove Ariobarzanes.
2761:
2340:
1883:
1474:(G.B. Teubner, Stuttgart, 1904; reprint 1967)
1161:This later became a major issue â see Appian
452:
360:
2724:Wars of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
1654:(University of WĂŒrzburg dissertation, 1963)
970:. Greece was fully restored to Roman rule.
2768:
2754:
2347:
2333:
1890:
1876:
1862:Near Eastern royalty and Rome: 100â30 B.C.
1609:(University of Marburg dissertation, 1896)
561:, assassinated by a Cappadocian nobleman,
459:
445:
367:
353:
1843:Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus University Press.
1494:, 525: Greek text with Latin translation
1450:Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker
978:By now, Rome had also sent a force under
929:
841:was sent to Greece, where he established
536:Following his ascension to the throne of
374:
1540:(London, John Lane The Bodley Head Ltd.)
799:Pontic seizure of Roman Asia and Cilicia
729:
2495:Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
3115:
2775:
2354:
1640:, 2 vols. (Princeton University, 1950)
973:
922:was put in charge of the siege of the
903:Siege of Athens and Piraeus (87â86 BC)
832:
557:was Queen. He had his brother-in-law,
520:of Pontus against Rome and the allied
333:c. 350,000 killed, including civilians
2749:
2328:
2066:Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficis
1871:
1864:Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
1568:The Comparison of Lucullus with Cimon
1553:The Comparison of Lysander with Sulla
508:(89â85 BC) was a war challenging the
440:
348:
3153:1st century BC in the Roman Republic
2978:Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese
2603:Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain
1699:s. v. Metrodoros no.23, colls.1481-2
1668:(London/New York: Routledge, 1992).
947:Lucius Hortensius, elder brother of
466:
1524:(University of Exeter Press, 1996)
1522:Phlegon of Tralles' Book of Marvels
13:
2958:AntigonidâNabataean confrontations
1792:
1695:Kroll: "Metrodoros von Skepsis",
1421:
606:The Senate sent special orders to
14:
3179:
3163:Wars involving the Roman Republic
1773:of Scaurus: Did it take place?",
1447:(ed. & critical commentary),
920:Caius Scribonius Curio Burbulieus
788:, widow of the recently deceased
2736:Military history of ancient Rome
2306:
2305:
1476:- ed. N. Crinti (Leipzig, 1981)
1436:Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum
632:The Aquillian legation, 90â89 BC
336:c. 200,000+ captured or enslaved
169:
35:
2719:Civil wars of the Third Century
1853:Sherwin-White, Adrian N. 1984.
1579:
1404:
1391:
1378:
1365:
1352:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1305:
1293:
1280:
1267:
1254:
1241:
1228:
1207:
1194:
1181:
1168:
1155:
889:, where he was defeated at the
1681:Shorter articles and summaries
1472:Grani Liciniani quae supersunt
1142:
1129:
1116:
1102:
1089:
1076:
1059:
1041:
1023:
1:
1769:Alexander, Michael C.: "The
1720:I.1 (Walter de Gruyter, 1972)
1596:, eds. Pauly, Wissowa, Kroll
1016:
3168:Wars involving the Scythians
1832:Burcu Erciyas, Deniz. 2005.
1823:Resources in other libraries
1689:The Gracchi Marius and Sulla
1504:Phlegon of Tralles fragmenta
685:had been slain by his rival
668:, plundering as far east as
593:Ariobarzanes I of Cappadocia
567:Ariarathes VII of Cappadocia
187:Ariobarzanes I of Cappadocia
7:
2927:Wars of Alexander the Great
1860:Sullivan, Richard D. 1990.
1049:Velleius Paterculus, Marcus
1031:Velleius Paterculus, Marcus
964:Battle of Chaeronea (86 BC)
295:15,000 Macedonian phalanxes
10:
3184:
900:
807:
583:Nicomedes appealed to the
531:
324:c. 100,000 Roman civilians
3099:
2935:
2846:Wars of the Delian League
2826:
2783:
2732:
2677:Roman conquest of Britain
2648:
2362:
2300:
2221:
2182:
2151:
2115:
2108:
2100:Temple of Hercules Custos
2082:
2059:Lex Cornelia de maiestate
2033:
1991:
1958:
1912:
1905:
1897:
1818:Resources in your library
591:and the Senate appointed
478:
386:
309:
262:
151:
113:
49:
34:
26:
21:
2871:Second Peloponnesian War
1645:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
1638:Roman Rule in Asia Minor
542:Mithridates VI of Pontus
292:20,000 Asian skirmishers
216:Mithridates VI of Pontus
182:Nicomedes IV of Bithynia
177:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
2856:First Peloponnesian War
2374:Roman conquest of Italy
1846:McGing, Brian C. 1986.
1470:- ed. Michael Flemisch
1069:, pp. 25-26; Plutarch,
980:Lucius Valerius Flaccus
305:10,000 Armenian Warrior
3063:Seleucid Dynastic Wars
2988:SeleucidâParthian Wars
2922:Expansion of Macedonia
2053:Constitutional reforms
1766:n.s.27 (1977), 173-183
1217:. 13, 15, 16; Sallust
930:The Chaeronea campaign
854:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
781:
735:
653:still in the balance.
608:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
221:Tigranes II of Armenia
205:Lucius Licinius Murena
161:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
152:Commanders and leaders
103:Status quo ante bellum
2704:Domitian's Dacian War
2623:Liberators' civil war
2284:The First Man in Rome
1960:First Mithridatic War
1804:First Mithridatic War
1345:fragment at Plutarch
777:
733:
551:Kingdom of Cappadocia
506:First Mithridatic War
378:First Mithridatic War
310:Casualties and losses
166:Gaius Flavius Fimbria
22:First Mithridatic War
2963:SeleucidâMauryan war
2803:Second Messenian War
2709:Trajan's Dacian Wars
2394:RomanâHernician wars
2073:Lex Cornelia annalis
2034:Legislative activity
1620:Baker, George Philip
1486:Photius BibliothĂšque
1223:epistula Mithridatis
968:Battle of Orchomenus
759:declaration of war.
277:5,000 Greek infantry
2851:Third Messenian War
2808:LydianâMilesian War
2793:First Messenian War
2608:RomanâParthian Wars
2399:RomanâVolscian wars
2379:RomanâEtruscan Wars
1788:102 (2020), 579-600
1764:Classical Quarterly
1758:105 (1977), 253-56
1724:Lintott, Andrew W.:
974:The Flaccus mission
924:Acropolis of Athens
916:'s famous arsenal.
891:Battle of Chaeronea
833:Mithridates vs Rome
679:Tigranes of Armenia
553:) where his sister
522:Kingdom of Bithynia
321:c. 25,000 retreated
3038:RomanâSeleucid War
2897:ThebanâSpartan War
2836:Greco-Persian Wars
2777:Ancient Greek wars
2714:RomanâPersian Wars
2613:Caesar's civil war
2485:RomanâSeleucid war
2384:Roman-Aequian wars
2356:Ancient Roman wars
1983:Treaty of Dardanos
1857:London: Duckworth.
1752:55 (1977), 380-405
1713:19 (1970), 161-194
1706:31 (1938), 186-218
1664:Keaveney, Arthur:
1647:, (Brussels, 1959)
1643:Van Ooteghem, J:
1570:, pp. 624â626
1565:, pp. 592â624
1560:, pp. 577â592
1555:, pp. 573â577
1550:, pp. 545â573
1545:, pp. 494â524
1456:Granius Licinianus
949:Quintus Hortensius
736:
597:Tigranes the Great
411:Athens and Piraeus
90:Treaty of Dardanos
3110:
3109:
3048:War against Nabis
2861:Second Sacred War
2743:
2742:
2699:JewishâRoman wars
2571:Sulla's civil war
2565:Bellum Octavianum
2453:Illyro-Roman Wars
2426:RomanâGallic wars
2404:RomanâSabine wars
2322:
2321:
2217:
2216:
2029:
2028:
1799:Library resources
1741:1 (1976), 105-128
1734:25 (1976), 489-91
1666:Lucullus. A Life.
1484:- ed. René Henry
1095:Philip Matyszak,
1082:Philip Matyszak,
1065:Philip Matyszak,
864:). Marching into
623:Socrates Chrestus
538:Kingdom of Pontus
514:Kingdom of Pontus
501:
500:
434:
433:
343:
342:
140:Kingdom of Pontus
109:
108:
3175:
3158:Mithridatic Wars
3148:80s BC conflicts
3103:Military history
3073:Mithridatic Wars
3058:Maccabean Revolt
3006:
2983:Chremonidean War
2912:Third Sacred War
2907:
2813:First Sacred War
2770:
2763:
2756:
2747:
2746:
2665:Marcomannic Wars
2576:Mithridatic Wars
2500:Celtiberian Wars
2389:RomanâLatin wars
2349:
2342:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2309:
2308:
2174:Cornelia Postuma
2113:
2112:
2090:Memoirs of Sulla
1910:
1909:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1771:Legatio Asiatica
1744:Glew, Dennis G.:
1514:- ed. F. Jacoby
1508:- ed. K. MĂŒller
1496:- ed. F. Jacoby
1490:- ed. K. MĂŒller
1453:(commenced 1923)
1415:
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1106:
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1093:
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1056:
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1027:
885:, and landed in
791:princeps senatus
753:Senatus consulta
707:Ptolemaic Empire
638:Manius Aquillius
572:Laodice married
526:Mithridatic Wars
473:
471:
470:Mithridatic Wars
461:
454:
447:
438:
437:
381:
379:
369:
362:
355:
346:
345:
318:c. 75,000 killed
289:310,000 infantry
254:
200:
173:
51:
50:
39:
29:Mithridatic Wars
19:
18:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3095:
3011:Macedonian Wars
3004:
2931:
2905:
2892:Theban hegemony
2822:
2779:
2774:
2744:
2739:
2728:
2694:Civil war of 69
2682:Boudican revolt
2651:
2644:
2520:Cantabrian Wars
2458:Macedonian Wars
2365:
2358:
2353:
2323:
2318:
2296:
2290:The Grass Crown
2278:Masters of Rome
2213:
2178:
2169:Fausta Cornelia
2147:
2104:
2078:
2025:
1987:
1968:Siege of Athens
1954:
1913:Early campaigns
1906:Military career
1901:
1896:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1793:Further reading
1777:111 (1981), 1-9
1753:
1686:Beesley, A.H.,
1636:Magie, David:
1582:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1519:
1513:
1495:
1489:
1475:
1469:
1468:(Oxford, 1983).
1424:
1422:Ancient sources
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1019:
999:Flavius Fimbria
982:, to apprehend
976:
932:
905:
899:
876:. Most of the
845:as a tyrant in
835:
827:Asiatic Vespers
812:
810:Asiatic Vespers
806:
801:
728:
711:Seleucid Empire
634:
534:
502:
497:
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339:
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192:Manius Aquilius
147:
133:
97:
81:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3181:
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3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
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3008:
3000:
2995:
2993:Cleomenean War
2990:
2985:
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2975:
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2965:
2960:
2955:
2947:
2941:
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2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2888:
2883:
2881:Corinthian War
2878:
2876:Phyle Campaign
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
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2629:Bellum Siculum
2625:
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2588:
2583:
2573:
2568:
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2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2539:
2534:
2532:Jugurthine War
2529:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2505:Lusitanian War
2502:
2492:
2487:
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2370:
2368:
2366:Roman Republic
2360:
2359:
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2337:
2329:
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2317:
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2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2274:
2262:
2250:
2238:
2230:Parallel Lives
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
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2205:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2184:
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2176:
2171:
2166:
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2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
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2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2095:Curia Hostilia
2092:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2037:
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2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1937:
1927:
1920:Jugurthine War
1916:
1914:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1850:Leiden: Brill.
1844:
1837:
1836:Leiden: Brill.
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1797:
1796:
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1735:
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1707:
1700:
1693:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1662:
1657:McGing, B C:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1617:
1610:
1605:Bernhardt, H:
1602:
1601:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1534:
1533:
1530:Parallel Lives
1506:
1505:
1482:
1481:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1438:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1403:
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1377:
1364:
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1334:
1325:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1279:
1266:
1253:
1240:
1227:
1206:
1193:
1180:
1167:
1154:
1141:
1128:
1115:
1101:
1088:
1075:
1058:
1040:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1015:
975:
972:
931:
928:
901:Main article:
898:
895:
834:
831:
816:ho misoromaios
808:Main article:
805:
802:
800:
797:
745:Ariobarzanes I
727:
724:
683:Mithridates II
633:
630:
533:
530:
518:Mithridates VI
510:Roman Republic
499:
498:
496:
495:
490:
485:
479:
476:
475:
464:
463:
456:
449:
441:
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401:Mount Scorobas
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387:
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340:
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328:
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184:
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174:
163:
157:
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142:
136:
134:
132:
131:
125:
123:Roman Republic
119:
116:
115:
111:
110:
107:
106:
99:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
65:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3180:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3105:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3091:War of Actium
3089:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:Aeginetan War
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2818:Sicilian Wars
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2798:Lelantine War
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2738:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2660:Germanic wars
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2640:War of Actium
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:War of Mutina
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
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2582:
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2578:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Sertorian War
2513:
2511:
2510:Numantine War
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
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2479:
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2400:
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2376:
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2327:
2315:
2314:
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2303:
2302:
2299:
2292:
2291:
2286:
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2268:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1950:March on Rome
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1674:0-415-03219-9
1671:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1600:Major studies
1599:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1585:Abbreviations
1584:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1374:
1368:
1361:
1355:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1237:
1231:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1132:
1125:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1071:Life of Sulla
1068:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
971:
969:
965:
960:
956:
954:
953:vir militaris
950:
946:
940:
938:
927:
925:
921:
917:
915:
911:
904:
894:
892:
888:
884:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
840:
830:
828:
823:
819:
817:
811:
796:
793:
792:
787:
780:
776:
772:
770:
769:fait accompli
764:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
732:
723:
719:
716:
712:
708:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
674:
671:
667:
662:
658:
654:
652:
646:
642:
639:
629:
626:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
574:Nicomedes III
570:
568:
564:
560:
559:Ariarathes VI
556:
552:
548:
543:
539:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
477:
472:
462:
457:
455:
450:
448:
443:
442:
439:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
385:
380:
370:
365:
363:
358:
356:
351:
350:
347:
335:
332:
331:
329:
323:
320:
317:
316:
314:
313:
308:
300:
298:7,000 cavalry
297:
294:
291:
288:
287:
285:
280:2,000 cavalry
279:
276:
274:
270:
269:
267:
266:
261:
255:
253:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
211:
206:
203:
201:
199:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
172:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
156:
155:
150:
143:
141:
138:
137:
135:
130:
126:
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
112:
105:
104:
100:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:
52:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
3101:
3076:
3053:Galatian War
3043:Aetolian War
3005:(220â217 BC)
2951:
2950:Wars of the
2906:(357â355 BC)
2890:Wars of the
2886:Boeotian War
2734:
2689:Armenian War
2652:Roman Empire
2635:Perusine War
2627:
2580:
2563:
2542:Servile Wars
2537:Cimbrian War
2490:Galatian War
2409:Samnite Wars
2311:
2304:
2289:
2283:
2276:
2264:
2252:
2241:
2228:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2046:
2041:Proscription
2021:Colline Gate
2011:Sena Gallica
2001:Mount Tifata
1959:
1930:Cimbrian War
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1813:Online books
1803:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1731:
1728:Mithridatica
1727:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1688:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1613:
1606:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1580:Modern works
1573:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1543:Caius Marius
1542:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1471:
1465:
1462:ter scriptus
1461:
1459:
1448:
1445:Felix Jacoby
1440:
1435:
1427:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1359:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:Stadter 1999
1328:
1323:Leydold 2020
1319:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1261:
1256:
1248:
1243:
1235:
1230:
1222:
1221:69.10M, the
1218:
1214:
1209:
1201:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1175:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1110:
1104:
1096:
1091:
1086:, pp. 26-27.
1083:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1011:
996:
977:
961:
957:
944:
941:
936:
933:
918:
906:
851:
836:
824:
820:
815:
813:
789:
782:
778:
773:
768:
765:
761:
756:
752:
749:philoromaios
748:
739:
737:
720:
714:
703:
675:
663:
659:
655:
647:
643:
635:
627:
619:Nicomedes IV
616:
605:
585:Roman Senate
582:
571:
535:
505:
503:
482:
396:Protopachium
391:River Amnias
376:
301:500 chariots
251:
197:
144:Greek rebels
114:Belligerents
101:
27:Part of the
3068:Achaean War
3003:Social War
2998:Lyttian War
2973:Syrian Wars
2968:Pyrrhic War
2937:Hellenistic
2917:Foreign War
2904:Social War
2650:Wars of the
2598:Gallic Wars
2527:Achaean War
2414:Pyrrhic War
2364:Wars of the
2266:Lucio Silla
2208:Chrysogonus
2047:Lex Valeria
2006:Sacriportus
1650:Janke, M:
1432:Karl MĂŒller
1111:res Italiae
878:Peloponnese
666:Mariandynia
651:Italian War
589:Paphlagonia
273:legionaries
231:Neoptolemus
127:Kingdom of
96:Territorial
3117:Categories
3033:Cretan War
2945:Lamian War
2866:Samian War
2670:Gothic War
2431:Punic Wars
2419:Social War
2210:(freedman)
2204:(freedman)
2192:(mistress)
1978:Orchomenus
1940:Social War
1017:References
988:Hellespont
910:Social War
856:landed in
691:Gotarzes I
426:Orchomenus
79:Aegean Sea
67:Asia Minor
2828:Classical
2196:Metrobius
2190:Nicopolis
1993:Civil War
1973:Chaeronea
1934:Vercellae
1924:2nd Cirta
1750:Athenaeum
1528:Plutarch
1410:Plutarch
1397:Plutarch
1384:Plutarch
1371:Plutarch
1358:Plutarch
839:Archelaus
699:Scythians
695:Thracians
547:Black Sea
416:Chaeronea
241:Dorylaeus
236:Arcathius
226:Archelaus
43:Near East
2952:Diadochi
2313:Category
2202:Epicadus
2159:Cornelia
2152:Children
2138:Caecilia
1732:Historia
1711:Historia
1563:Lucullus
1512:, 602ff.
1099:, p. 28.
1007:Lucullus
1003:Pergamum
868:through
843:Aristion
757:de facto
697:and the
687:Sanatruk
670:Amastris
578:Bithynia
271:120,000
263:Strength
246:Aristion
129:Bithynia
77:and the
62:Location
57:89â85 BC
45:in 89 BC
3075: (
3013: (
2785:Archaic
2198:(lover)
2164:Faustus
2143:Valeria
2133:Cloelia
2016:Clusium
1692:, 1921.
1510:FHG III
1492:FHG III
1343:Memoirs
1286:Appian
1273:Appian
1260:Appian
1247:Appian
1234:Appian
1219:Hist.IV
1213:Appian
1200:Appian
1187:Appian
1174:Appian
1148:Appian
1135:Appian
1122:Appian
945:legatus
887:Boeotia
883:Piraeus
870:Boeotia
786:Metella
612:Cilicia
601:Armenia
563:Gordius
555:Laodice
532:Prelude
421:Tenedos
252:†
198:†
98:changes
3081:Second
3027:Fourth
3019:Second
2586:Second
2552:Second
2478:Fourth
2468:Second
2441:Second
2271:Mozart
2247:Handel
2222:Legacy
2109:Family
1801:about
1756:Hermes
1672:
1518:no.257
1434:(ed.)
1414:15.1â3
1388:15.1â2
1341:Sulla
1013:come.
914:Philon
874:Thebes
866:Attica
858:Epirus
847:Athens
488:Second
406:Rhodes
248:
194:
168:
86:Result
75:Greece
71:Achaea
3143:85 BC
3138:86 BC
3133:87 BC
3128:88 BC
3123:89 BC
3085:Third
3077:First
3023:Third
3015:First
2591:Third
2581:First
2557:Third
2547:First
2473:Third
2463:First
2446:Third
2436:First
2259:Graun
2254:Silla
2242:Silla
2235:Sulla
2183:Other
2128:Aelia
2123:Julia
2116:Wives
2083:Works
1899:Sulla
1558:Cimon
1548:Sylla
1412:Sulla
1399:Sulla
1386:Sulla
1373:Sulla
1360:Sulla
1347:Sulla
1312:Sulla
992:Chios
984:Sulla
740:Ă©clat
493:Third
483:First
1944:Nola
1786:Klio
1784:?",
1782:Asia
1775:TAPA
1739:AJAH
1718:ANRW
1704:Klio
1670:ISBN
1516:FGrH
1498:FGrH
1441:FGrH
1401:15.2
1375:14.7
1362:14.7
1349:14.6
1302:. 17
1300:Mith
1290:. 15
1288:Mith
1277:. 14
1275:Mith
1264:. 14
1262:Mith
1251:. 13
1249:Mith
1238:. 12
1236:Mith
1215:Mith
1202:Mith
1191:. 12
1189:Mith
1178:. 11
1176:Mith
1163:Mith
1150:Mith
1137:Mith
1124:Mith
1073:, 5.
937:astu
747:the
715:acta
709:and
504:The
54:Date
41:The
1730:",
1622::
1428:FHG
1314:7.1
599:of
576:of
3119::
3083:,
3079:,
3025:,
3021:,
3017:,
2287:,
1697:RE
1631:RE
1614:RE
1592:=
1590:RE
1443:=
1430:=
1152:11
1139:11
1126:11
1051:.
1033:.
893:.
849:.
569:.
540:,
528:.
73:,
69:,
3087:)
3029:)
2769:e
2762:t
2755:v
2348:e
2341:t
2334:v
2293:)
2281:(
2273:)
2269:(
2261:)
2257:(
2249:)
2245:(
2237:)
2233:(
1946:)
1942:(
1936:)
1932:(
1926:)
1922:(
1891:e
1884:t
1877:v
1726:"
1676:.
1532:.
1225:.
1055:.
1037:.
460:e
453:t
446:v
368:e
361:t
354:v
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