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2514:, where the expeditionary force had been authorized to disembark, it would have enabled the Swedes to release at least 10,000 trained soldiers for the Finnish War. As it happened, the bulk of the Swedish army, including the best units, were kept out of the Finnish War by the king, who reserved them for his plans for conquering either SjĂŠlland or Norway. Swedish landings were invariably made with poorly equipped and trained forces, often with troops who had very low morale. Landings were further complicated by the Swedish Navy's failure to tightly block the coastal sea route past
2527:
2036:) and managed to raise local men to oppose the Russians. The first occurred on 3 July with several others taking place soon after. Altogether the Swedes had several hundred local men-in-arms. The Russians, however, were able to send reinforcements to the area which were, in addition to being numerically superior, both far better trained and equipped than the peasants and militia the Swedes had raised. By the end of July the small forces Sweden had landed and the men that had supported them were either beaten or withdrawn back to their ships.
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lacked both adequate food and ammunition stores. Even the wells were found to be unusable. After starting the siege on 21 February, the
Russians issued a surrender demand for the fort, but this was refused by the Swedes. The demand was repeated on 2 March but without success. After a meager Russian bombardment, Gripenberg agreed to negotiations on 10 March. The fortress surrendered to the Russians on 18 March after a siege that had lasted roughly a month, with just one man having been wounded in action.
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2228:) and a further 36,000 in Norway. This forced the Swedes to allocate forces to southern Sweden and along the Norwegian border (23,000 troops). Denmark had declared war on Sweden on 14 March and some battles and skirmishes were fought along the Norwegian border. In April Napoleon began to devote more attention to the situation in Spain, and the British navy remained a continuous threat for troop movements between Denmark and Sweden.
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2171:. The British ships were far superior sailing ships compared to those of either the Swedes or Russians, and engaged the withdrawing Russian squadron (nine ships of the line and several frigates) on their own. The last of the Russian ships of the line was disabled and then captured and burned by the British ships. More Royal Navy ships (including
1836:
Sveaborg which destroyed several of the captured ships did little to change
Russian superiority in the Finnish archipelago. The Russians utilized the guns from the burned ships, and from those which burned during the winter, and constructed several fortifications on the coast, both in Hangö as well as along narrow passages leading to Ă
bo.
1603:
of the
Russian threat he received in early 1808. Most of the Swedish plans assumed that warfare would be impossible during winter, disregarding the lessons from recent wars. In addition, several new good roads had been built into Finland greatly reducing the earlier dependency on naval support for any large operation in Finland.
2127:). Swedish patrol ships (consisting of armed merchant vessels) scouted and raided the coast, taking Russians prisoners to Ă
land. These raids caused much confusion, and Russian responses to them thinned their strength along the coast. Also the Swedish southern army of Finland, consisting of roughly 4,000 men under Major General
2095:(Alekseyev's replacement) managed to join his forces with Tuchkov's, inducing Sandels to retreat. Three days later, Buxhoevedenâpressed by the early onset of winter weatherâsigned an armistice, much to the dismay of Alexander I. The emperor refused to ratify the truce and replaced Buxhoeveden with a new commander-in-chief,
1705:). Since Klingspor had not arrived, Lieutenant General Karl Nathanael af Klercker acted as Swedish commander in Finland. He was notified of the Russian invasion already on 21 February and since it was impossible to hold the predefined defense lines as the army had not yet fully assembled, he ordered the army to assemble at
2499:
Finland had not been completed and those that were completed had mostly fallen into neglect and disrepair. Even the strongest of the
Swedish fortresses, Sveaborg, still had several of its planned fortifications missing, most notably all the land side fortifications designed to protect against a besieging enemy.
2542:, minted by Finland in 2008. The motif on the coin is the passage of Finland from Sweden to Russia. The same coin depicts both the pre-war Finnish history, with the withdrawing Swedish crown on the reverse side, and the post-war future of the country, with the Russian eagle symbol on the obverse side.
2360:
The third force, commanded by Count
Shuvalov, struck against TorneĂ„ and, braving fierce frost, encircled a Swedish army, which capitulated on 25 March. Six days later, the tsar arrived in Ă
bo and, on learning about the truce, not only revoked Knorring's signature but named Barclay de Tolly as the new
2244:
By
November 1808, Russian forces had overrun all of Finland. On 19 November, the Convention of Olkijoki was signed and the Swedish army was forced to leave the Finnish countryside. The Russian emperor was, however, now eager to bring hostilities to the territory of Sweden proper, which was certain to
1975:
began on 19 June and was initially successful. The surprised
Russians garrisoned at Ă
bo reacted quickly, however, and deployed over 3,000 men to stop the landing force. By the morning of 20 June, the Swedish forces were forced to withdraw. In addition, Colonel Johan BergenstrÄhle landed 1,100 Swedes
1943:
chose to stay relatively far from the coast. Upon approaching the coast on 21 June, Cederström learned that the
Russians had already passed the cape some time earlier. Attempts to stop the Russians deeper in the archipelago were also unsuccessful. Failure to block the Russians led the king to relieve
1717:
the
Russians also forced the Swedes to withdraw. The king was quite unprepared for the attack, especially as war was not declared until April. About 21,000 Swedish troops were stationed in various fortresses in Finland, while the rest of his army was unable to leave southern Sweden for fear of Danish
1602:
The situation was problematic for Sweden, since it once again faced both
Denmark and Russia as potential enemies requiring the Swedes to split their forces. The king had thought it impossible to defend Finland should the enemy attack during the winter and chose largely to ignore the repeated warnings
2102:
In the south, the Swedish battle fleet remained anchored within the Finnish archipelago, blocking some of the deeper coastal sea routes from Hangö towards Ă
bo. Russian ships continued to arrive from the east but remained within the shallow narrows where the Swedish ships of the line could not reach.
1983:
The advance of the Russian coastal squadron beyond Hangö created difficulties for the Swedes. The strength of the Swedish coastal forces deployed to the Finnish archipelago was equal in size to the coastal fleet that the Russians had obtained by the Sveaborg surrender. To prevent the Russians from
2115:). However, the Swedish fleet dropped its blockade on 22 August, allowing the Russian coastal units to unite. Odds were very much against the Swedes as the Russians had nearly one hundred coastal ships in the Finnish archipelago, against which Sweden could deploy only 7 galleys and 30 gun sloops.
2401:
cape they cut off the coastal sea route from Russian ships. Total British control of the Gulf of Finland was a large obstacle to the Russian supply network and required sizable garrisons to be posted all along the Finnish coast. The Royal Navy captured 35 Russian ships and burnt 20 others before
1791:
The Swedish fortress of Svartholm, commanded by Major Carl Magnus Gripenberg, was ill-prepared for a war. While the garrison was 700 men strong, only a third of the men had actually functioning weapons, while most of the fortress' guns had no carriages. The fortress had fallen into disrepair and
2498:
thought it might be taken as provocative by the Russians. Furthermore, Swedish strategy relied on the outdated plans for Finland which took into account neither the advances in weaponry, mobility of the armed forces or the greatly improved road networks of Finland. Most of the fortifications in
1644:
The plan involved using the series of fortifications built after 1790 as staging grounds for the Russian advances into Finland. In southern Finland, armies were to isolate the fortifications and first take control of the whole of southern Finland before advancing further to the north. Forces in
2563:
According to two 2015 studies by political scientists Jan Teorell and Bo Rothstein, Sweden's loss in the Finnish War led to reforms of the Swedish bureaucracy. Prior to 1809, Sweden had a reputation as one of Europe's most corrupt countries, but the loss in the war created the perception of an
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Swedish efforts to harass the Russians with landings continued, with roughly 1,000 volunteers under Captain Anders Gyllenbögel landing on 1 August to support Swedish-led uprisings on the coast south of Vasa. The landing succeeded, and together with Swedish troops advancing from the north, they
1835:
could accomplish. Capture of the main body of the Swedish archipelago fleet had resulted in a real advantage to the Russians since it allowed them to gain superiority in the narrow waters of the Finnish archipelago where large ships of the line could not operate. Even the powerful explosion at
1583:
to all foreign warships. Although he reiterated his demand on November 16, 1807, it took two months before the king responded that it was impossible to honor the previous arrangements as long as the French were in control of the major Baltic ports. King Gustav Adolf did this after securing an
1610:
retreated to the north. Then in the spring, counterattack simultaneously from north and south, when the Swedish army would have naval support and the Russian army would be spread over Finland and thus have long supply lines. The basic reason for the plan was to avoid major decisive battles.
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1875:, a Russian general who was dispatched to the north of Finland, left garrisons in every fort along his way. This reduced his unit to 4,000 troops, which proved insufficient to pacify the hostile country. The Finns rose up in guerrilla fighting as far east as Frederikshamn (Finnish:
2000:
Having been alerted to the approach of additional Russian coastal units from Sveaborg, the Swedish forces moved to intercept them before they could link up with the Russian coastal unit now bottled up at Ă
bo. Learning that the Russians intended to go around the island of
1628:
Russia had gathered a wealth of information from Finland using spies and other sources. The level of detail was so great that Russian maps of Finland were in many respects more accurate than their Swedish counterparts. The Russians used the services of General
1826:
The Russians had advanced considerably but they had also gained the long and vulnerable coastline with it. After the sea would be clear of ice there would be nothing to prevent Swedish forces from landing troops on the shore. With the Royal Navy supporting the
2090:
In the north, the situation was more complicated. Tuchkov's battered unit strained to hold its own against Sandels, while the progress of a relief force under General Alekseyev was contained by guerrilla fighters. It was not until 26 September that Prince
2564:
existential threat in the east for Sweden and motivated Swedish elites to reform its bureaucracy. The motivation behind the reforms were to make the Swedish state more effective and functional, and thus protect against the existential threat in the East.
1814:
had been well prepared for the war with a garrison of 6,000 men, over 700 cannons, and enough stores to last until the summer of 1808. Defenses were strong enough to prevent the Russians from trying to storm the fortress by surprise. Instead the Russians
2352:
When news of Kulnev's incursion spread to the Swedish capital, the new king sent an embassy to Knorring, proposing a truce. The Russian commander agreed and speedily recalled Kulnev back to Ă
land. Meanwhile, the other Russian contingentâ5,000 men under
1541:, informed the king that the peaceful relations between Russia and Sweden depended on Swedish agreement to abide by the limitations of the Treaty of Tilsit which in practice meant that Sweden would have been required to follow the
2196:) arrived to oversee a blockade of the Russian fleet at Baltiyskiy Port which continued until the sea started to freeze. The Swedish fleet suffered from outbreaks of scurvy and had been unable to maintain the blockade on its own.
2219:
again on 26 September. However, owing to bad weather, only a portion of the troops that had been intended to participate in the landing actually reached the Finnish coast, and this resulted in another withdrawal on 28 September.
1988:
on 30 June, and after Russians withdrew closer to Ă
bo, the second was a battle at Pukkisaari on 4 July. Fighting ended in a stalemate, but can be viewed as a Swedish failure since they failed to decisively defeat the Russians.
2392:
had arrived in Sweden in May and he concentrated his ships, 10 ship of the line and 17 smaller ships, to the Gulf of Finland. The presence of the British naval units kept the Russian battlefleet strictly confined to
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The Swedish situation was further weakened by being at war with France and Denmark, both of whom threatened Sweden's possessions, with a joint invasion force of 45,000 troops in Denmark (under French Marshal
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2017:. While none of the fights ended with a decisive winner, the overall strategic victory went to Russia, who gained advantage in the Finnish archipelago by managing to link up their separate coastal units.
1908:
Islands was based. After a two-hour-long battle, the local militia, together with the Swedish landing force, overwhelmed their enemies and Colonel Vuich and his garrison were compelled to surrender.
1633:
when forming their plans. Sprengtporten suggested going on to an offensive during the winter since Finland would be mostly isolated when seas were frozen. His ideas were further developed by General
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Although Knorring was urged to execute the plan as quickly as possible, he regarded the idea as unrealistic and procrastinated until March, when the emperor dispatched the War Minister
949:
1561:, was apprehensive of the system's ruinous consequences for Sweden's maritime commerce. He instead entered into negotiations with Britain in order to prepare a joint attack against
854:
1823:
and his council believed that resistance was futile. The Russians gained the main body of the Swedish archipelago fleet intact as well as large stores of supplies and munitions.
1980:
on 25 June and managed to quickly advance to the town. The Russians, however, managed to gather a force of 3,000 men which was able to force the ill-trained Swedes to withdraw.
2013:. Swedish attempts to land troops and artillery in support of the gunboats at VestankÀrr on 2 August ended in failure, though the attempt came very close to capturing General
1606:
The Swedish plan was to first passively defend and hold on to the fortifications in the southern coast of Finland, in which Sweden had strong garrisons, while the rest of the
2337:
As Russian forces embarked upon their unprecedented march across the frozen gulf, King Gustav IV, accused of fatal mistakes leading to the loss of Finlandâwas dethroned by a
1713:). Before the engagement started, Klingspor finally arrived on 2 March and assumed command. Instead of facing the Russians at Tavastehus, he ordered the army to withdraw. In
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Skirmishes and landings continued in the Finnish archipelago from late summer into autumn. On 30 August, the Swedish coastal fleet defeated its Russian adversaries at the
2087:'s prompt actions. In Eastern Finland, the guerrilla movement was gradually extinguished. As a consequence, Russia's situation in Southern Finland improved significantly.
1016:
2154:. The Russian fleet reached Hangö on 6 August and chose not to engage the scattered Swedish fleet elements in the vicinity. On 20 August, two British ships of the line (
2150:) sortied in late July to clear the Swedish blockades in the archipelago, to cut contact between Ă
land and Sweden, and to stop Swedish supply transports sailing in the
1599:, thus pushing the Russo-Swedish frontier considerably to the west of the Russian capital and safeguarding it in case of any future hostilities between the two powers.
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Some advocates existed for taking a more active approach immediately, namely Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Möller (fi) who advocated for taking an immediate offensive and
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alliance with Britain on 8 February 1808. Meanwhile, on 30 December 1807 Russia announced that should Sweden not give a clear reply Russia would be forced to act.
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2167:) joined the Swedish fleet. The allied fleet moved on 25 August 1808 to engage the Russian fleet, which turned and attempted to reach the relative safety of
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2056:. Having received considerable reinforcements, their numbers increased to 55,000, as opposed to the 36,000 estimated for Sweden. On 14 August, Count
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gaining strength, the Swedish coastal fleet's unit under Rear Admiral Claes Hjelmstjerna tried to engage them twice in battle. The first was at the
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on 16 March. Swedish forces had mostly just withdrawn before the advancing Russian often destroying usable materials. For example, the Swedish
2009:), a Swedish force of gunboats was deployed to the narrows. They met the Russians first at Tallholmen on 21 July and again on 2 August in the
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1863:. The Swedish advance was very slow however, as operations were often halted due to the thaw. An exception was the brigade under Colonel
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The Russian advance was swift. On the first day of the war they had captured the town of Lovisa and besieged the Swedish sea fortress of
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coins minted during 2009 featured a stylised depiction of the sky and the sea on the reverse side, flanked by a quote by Anton Rosell:
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This article is about the 1808â1809 war between Russia and Sweden. For the 1939â1940 war between the Soviet Union and Finland, see
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commander-in-chief. Hostilities thus continued until May, when Shuvalov finally reached UmeÄ, where he was succeeded by Kamensky.
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2139:, the king, after pursuing the matter unsuccessfully in military tribunals, condemned von Vegesack to lose his rank and title.
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Rothstein, Bo; Teorell, Jan (2015-09-01). "Getting to Sweden, Part II: Breaking with Corruption in the Nineteenth Century".
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2977:"Golden collector coin in honour of the anniversary: two hundred years since the Finnish war and the birth of autonomy"
1919:. Due to various disagreements with the Swedish king, however, they never landed and sailed off to fight the French in
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with only slight modifications until 1919. Almost all Finnish soldiers in Sweden (most of them in the UmeÄ area) were
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from the territory obtained from Sweden, and would attach the areas gained from Sweden in the 18th century (so-called
2203:, forcing the Russians to abandon their plans to invade Ă
land and concentrate on defense. On 17 September, the Swedes
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3202:Đ€ĐŸĐŒĐžĐœ Đ.Đ., ĐšĐČĐ”ŃĐžŃ ĐČ ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒĐ” Đ”ĐČŃĐŸĐżĐ”ĐčŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐżĐŸĐ»ĐžŃĐžĐșĐž ĐœĐ°ĐșĐ°ĐœŃĐœĐ” Đž ĐČ ĐżĐ”ŃĐžĐŸĐŽ ŃŃŃŃĐșĐŸ-ŃĐČДЎŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐČĐŸĐčĐœŃ 1808â1809 гг., Đ., 2003.
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in late autumn, joining with von Döbeln's forces. However, since von Vegesack had been ordered to land his men at
1955:
was chosen to lead the first Swedish army to Finland. He was to lead a force of 2,600 men, land somewhere between
1819:. The fortress surrendered on 6 May 1808 after prolonged negotiations with the Russians as the commanding officer
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Nordling, Carl. "Capturing âThe Gibraltar of the North:âHow Swedish Sveaborg was taken by the Russians in 1808."
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With this objective in mind, Kamensky suggested a daring plan, whereby the Russian army was to cross the frozen
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who supported actively delaying the advancing enemies in co-operation with the garrisons in the southern coast.
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proved inconclusive and Kamensky succeeded in neutralizing this belated counter-offensive, following up with a
1625:, received from the king were an unsuccessful and open-ended mixture of ideas from these very different plans.
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The 200th anniversary of the war was selected as the main motif for a high value commemorative coin, the âŹ100
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Although most Swedish officers were sceptical about their chances in fighting the larger and more experienced
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Wachtmeister's action was only a prelude to the peace negotiations that opened in August and resulted in the
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Norbert Götz. âThe Good Plumpuddingsâ Belief: British Voluntary Aid to Sweden During the Napoleonic Wars.â
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was declared. Referring to the treaties of 1780 and 1800, the emperor demanded that Gustav Adolf close the
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Teorell, Jan; Rothstein, Bo (2015-09-01). "Getting to Sweden, Part I: War and Malfeasance, 1720â1850".
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on 18 September. The troops that landed were forced to withdraw to their ships on 18 September, but
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bo (nearly 50 gun sloops) were torched to prevent their capture.
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2357:âendured great hardship in crossing the frozen gulf further north; they entered UmeĂ„ on 24 March.
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on 14 September. Swedish attempts to land more troops near Ă
bo were stalled by Lieutenant-General
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1967:, and then capture the latter. Von Vegesack instead chose to land his force at the Lemo (Finnish:
1896:, supported by the local population, compelled the small Russian force left on the main island of
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2272:. A third unit was to advance into Sweden by land, going around the gulf and through the town of
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In August, Charles XIII, anxious to improve his position at a peace settlement, ordered General
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and reached the cape on 10 June. Due to bad weather and poor visibility the fleet under Admiral
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started an advance towards the south. These successes yielded a promotion to Field Marshal for
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1591:, Gustav Adolf had an unrealistic view of Sweden's ability to defend itself against Russia. In
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2436:(17 September), in which Sweden ceded the whole of Finland and all of its domains east of the
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After the Russians were driven from Central Finland, their forces stretched along the line of
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5673:
5668:
5618:
5507:
5431:
5421:
5255:
5195:
5124:
4957:
4907:
4842:
4837:
4514:
4341:
4224:
3858:
3777:
3695:
2225:
2155:
2128:
1952:
1588:
1526:
1512:
899:
764:
737:
504:
310:
92:
4847:
4443:
2103:
Small boat actions took place during the night time of 17â18 July which became known as the
597:
7417:
6821:
6494:
6391:
6361:
6195:
6145:
5759:
5648:
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4498:
3863:
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3648:
3558:
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2476:
2212:
2204:
1864:
1856:
1259:
727:
652:
467:
5819:
5073:
4942:
4882:
4781:
4711:
2002:
1940:
8:
7396:
7326:
7183:
6711:
6646:
6417:
6200:
5979:
5974:
5703:
5653:
5537:
5522:
5426:
5320:
5220:
5134:
5022:
4982:
4902:
4872:
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4786:
4751:
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4483:
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4174:
3938:
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3828:
3787:
3757:
3626:
3612:
3417:
2633:
2406:
2211:), while the coastal fleet covering the landing managed to keep the Russians away in the
2096:
1844:
1820:
1811:
1558:
1444:
1366:
677:
647:
637:
602:
487:
335:
234:
229:
5441:
4736:
4731:
4579:
1353:. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous
7386:
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5205:
5159:
5012:
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5002:
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4559:
4534:
4336:
4286:
4236:
4214:
4194:
4189:
4018:
3943:
3895:
3885:
3797:
3724:
3658:
3563:
3533:
3432:
3409:
3158:
2526:
2453:
2318:
2185:
2162:
2064:
1916:
1737:
1562:
1542:
1115:
1026:
879:
874:
859:
722:
687:
622:
617:
347:
246:
241:
56:
5032:
4962:
4927:
4917:
2418:
2410:
2287:
to Finland in order to pressure Knorring into action before joining the army himself.
1936:
1757:
789:
779:
742:
98:
7293:
7233:
7040:
6966:
6944:
6843:
6721:
6534:
6514:
6509:
6499:
6334:
5597:
5562:
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5411:
5381:
5335:
5280:
5200:
5149:
5129:
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5104:
5083:
5027:
4987:
4812:
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4741:
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4529:
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4301:
4296:
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3918:
3746:
3464:
3329:
3295:
3261:
3224:
3144:
3101:
3064:
3024:
2494:
Sufficient stocks of supplies had not been prepared for the Swedish army, since King
2191:
2080:
1848:
1816:
1785:
1234:
1183:
717:
612:
607:
173:
83:
78:
73:
5053:
7278:
7223:
7129:
6870:
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6611:
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6422:
6120:
6004:
5804:
5643:
5542:
5527:
5376:
5325:
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5154:
5109:
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4857:
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4351:
4041:
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3962:
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3833:
3479:
3337:
3303:
3269:
3232:
3184:ĐĐžŃ
Đ°ĐčĐ»ĐŸĐČŃĐșĐžĐčâĐĐ°ĐœĐžĐ»Đ”ĐČŃĐșĐžĐč Đ. Đ., ĐпОŃĐ°ĐœĐžĐ” ŃĐžĐœĐ»ŃĐœĐŽŃĐșĐŸĐč ĐČĐŸĐčĐœŃ ĐČ 1808â1809. ĐĄĐĐ, 1849.
3056:
3016:
2354:
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2108:
2057:
1730:
1592:
1530:
1334:
1326:
1318:
954:
682:
627:
371:
5894:
2506:
arrived in Sweden, but after months of idleness departed for the beginning of the
939:
914:
7298:
7045:
6897:
6865:
6539:
6519:
5999:
5934:
5919:
5809:
5693:
5683:
5658:
5633:
5461:
5295:
4817:
4625:
4549:
4524:
4276:
4164:
4088:
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3933:
3928:
3873:
3782:
3741:
3243:
3125:
2495:
2414:
2249:
2179:
2151:
2084:
2076:
1872:
1654:
1538:
1516:
1350:
1084:
784:
712:
657:
642:
491:
424:
407:
395:
130:
102:
52:
6266:
2442:
2382:
2329:
Memorial plaque commemorating the Russian army's crossing of Kvarken in 1809 in
1641:
was appointed as the commander of the Russian army in Finland in December 1807.
7381:
7208:
6971:
6961:
6338:
6278:
6190:
6180:
5713:
5552:
5416:
5215:
4967:
4311:
4291:
4281:
4241:
4114:
4046:
3673:
3605:
3491:
3114:
2627:
2595:
2507:
2475:) to the new Grand Duchy in 1812. The Grand Duchy of Finland was to retain the
2143:
1972:
1346:
1229:
1165:
632:
402:
390:
378:
366:
354:
342:
330:
318:
304:
213:
207:
185:
4326:
3212:
Bref och uppteckningar frÄn kriget i Finland 1808-1809 / utg. af Reinh. Hausen
1897:
1764:) were taken and manned on 21 March and on the same day the Russian army took
1706:
7411:
7341:
7178:
6816:
5754:
4458:
4316:
4246:
3989:
3333:
3299:
3265:
3228:
3068:
3028:
2980:
2609:
2581:
2547:
2460:. A few months later, on 6 January 1810, the Russian government mediated the
2456:
and closed its harbours to British ships, leading to a formal declaration of
2409:
to land in the north of Sweden and to attack Kamensky's rear. Engagements at
2330:
1920:
1621:
In the end, instructions which the new Swedish commander in Finland, General
1342:
904:
3315:
3307:
3281:
3273:
3247:
3236:
3210:
3060:
3020:
1503:
7097:
6621:
6587:
6342:
4306:
4142:
3767:
3354:
2483:
2338:
2132:
2021:
1956:
1832:
1828:
1607:
1595:, his stubbornness was viewed as a convenient pretext for Russia to occupy
1223:
1001:
436:
383:
177:
6858:
3341:
2622:
2345:. Four days later, Bagration's corps of 17,000 men occupied the strategic
2079:
for Sweden on 13 September, Kamensky gained the most important victory at
1888:
In May, the Russians suffered further setbacks when they were driven from
7203:
6932:
6853:
6616:
6094:
6052:
6009:
5764:
3913:
3484:
2472:
2172:
1882:
1193:
1142:
1011:
919:
500:
483:
473:
463:
453:
443:
431:
419:
258:
909:
64:
7238:
7188:
7107:
6976:
5779:
3474:
3427:
2531:
2448:
2424:
2236:
1992:
1795:
1694:
1681:
1580:
1569:
1550:
1411: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
28:
1923:
after leaving 16 battleships and 20 other ships at Sweden's disposal.
6826:
3131:
2945:
2394:
2269:
2060:
decided to use this numerical superiority to launch a new offensive.
800:
3127:
NĂ€r riket sprĂ€ngdes: fĂ€lttĂ„gen i Finland och VĂ€sterbotten, 1808â1809
1537:, Alexander, in his letter on 24 September 1807 to the Swedish King
1386:
7391:
7253:
5744:
3948:
3585:
3366:
3313:
2789:
2546:
In memory of the 200th anniversary of the Finnish War, all Swedish
2398:
2168:
2029:
1901:
1893:
1803:
1749:
1546:
1534:
4057:
3568:
2515:
2511:
2346:
2265:
1905:
1773:
1052:
169:
3590:
3397:
3317:
Skildring af krigshĂ€ndelserna i Ăster- och VĂ€sterbotten 1808-1809
2312:
2053:
2049:
1932:
1889:
1698:
1596:
3141:
Det stora nederlaget: nĂ€r Sverige och Finland delades 1808â1809
2510:. Had the king accepted the landing of 10,000 British troops in
2378:
2257:
6330:
3903:
2777:
2554:("The wonderful story of a land on the other side of the sea").
2397:, and after the British constructed artillery batteries to the
2369:
2295:
2273:
2063:
Kamensky's 11,000-strong corps achieved important victories at
1931:
The Swedish battlefleet which had been expelling Russians from
1877:
1868:
1781:
1780:
was taken. In Savolax, Russians also advanced rapidly and took
1741:
1726:
1673:) to cut off the retreat of the main body of the Swedish army.
263:
134:
1721:
550:
3853:
3595:
2261:
2253:
2020:
Sweden performed several small landings along the coast near
1977:
1964:
1777:
1765:
1666:
2767:
2765:
1911:
On May 26, a British fleet carrying 14,000 troops under Sir
3600:
3249:
Studenter under Finlands kampĂ„r 1898â1909 / Gunnar Landtman
2136:
2120:
2045:
1847:
and began to halt the Russian offensive. Soon after at the
1658:
3322:
Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursÀllskapet i Finland
3288:
Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursÀllskapet i Finland
3254:
Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursÀllskapet i Finland
3217:
Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursÀllskapet i Finland
3100:] (in Finnish). JyvÀskylÀ: K. J. Gummerus Osakeyhtiö.
2957:
2933:
2921:
2909:
2897:
2885:
2873:
2861:
2849:
2837:
2825:
2813:
2801:
1357:
within the Russian Empire. Other notable effects were the
1349:
from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the
121:(1 year, 6 months, 3 weeks and 6 days)
3283:
SjukvÄrd och lÀkare under kriget 1808-1809 / K. E. Lindén
2762:
2728:
2716:
2704:
2692:
2658:
2656:
3190:ĐĐžĐČĐ” Đ. Đ., Đ ŃŃŃĐșĐŸ-ŃĐČДЎŃĐșĐ°Ń ĐČĐŸĐčĐœĐ° 1808â1809, ĐĄĐĐ, 1910.
1944:
Cederström of his duties and replace him with Commander
3196:ĐĐ°Ń
Đ°ŃĐŸĐČ Đ., Đ ŃŃŃĐșĐŸ-ŃĐČДЎŃĐșĐ°Ń ĐČĐŸĐčĐœĐ° 1808â1809, Đ., 1940.
2668:
2440:
river (the north-eastern parts of what was then called
2341:
in Stockholm on 13 March, and his uncle was proclaimed
2653:
1756:) on 2 March. Abandoned Swedish fortifications on the
1653:) were to press hard against the Swedes and reach the
7125:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
3363:â The Russian-Swedish War of 1808â09 by Göran Frilund
2680:
1685:
Finnish War, February 1808 at the outbreak of the war
1300:
Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811â1812)
3279:
2571:
2552:
Den underbara sagan om ett land pÄ andra sidan havet
2540:
200th Anniversary of Finnish War commemorative coin
1485:
Chronology of battles and events of the Finnish War
1689:On February 21, 1808, 24,000 Russian troops under
2748:"Southern Towns Mark War of Finland Bicentennial"
2131:, was moved from Ă
land to Finland, and landed at
7409:
7140:Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
6470:List of battles involving the Russian Federation
3178:ĐŃĐŽĐžĐœ Đ., ĐĐŸĐșĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” Đ€ĐžĐœĐ»ŃĐœĐŽĐžĐž, Ń. 1, ĐĄĐĐ, 1889.
3046:
3006:
7259:Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
7174:Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944â1953)
6257:England expects that every man will do his duty
3242:
3208:
3314:Carl Johan Ljunggren; Reinhold Hausen (1903),
1904:where the bulk of the Russian garrison on the
7113:Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
6314:
4073:
3382:
2402:leaving the Baltic Sea on 28 September 1809.
2364:
2252:at two locations: one unit was to march from
1971:) manor house a few kilometers south of Ă
bo.
1900:to surrender, and then invaded the island of
1068:
816:
566:
2502:In 1808 a British expeditionary force under
7066:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)
7061:Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)
184:was constituted, an autonomous part of the
6382:Military history of the Russian Federation
6321:
6307:
4080:
4066:
3389:
3375:
1725:The Swedish assault on the chancellery in
1565:, whose Norwegian possessions he coveted.
1075:
1061:
823:
809:
573:
559:
545:53,000 died of disease and other hardships
6632:Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652â1689)
3143:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Gullers förlag.
3138:
2674:
2388:A British Royal Navy fleet under Admiral
1471:Learn how and when to remove this message
3326:Society of Swedish Literature in Finland
3292:Society of Swedish Literature in Finland
3258:Society of Swedish Literature in Finland
3221:Society of Swedish Literature in Finland
3123:
2662:
2530:A memorial of the Battle of Kutujoki in
2525:
2423:
2368:
2324:
2306:
2294:
2235:
2039:
1991:
1794:
1720:
1680:
6593:Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580â1747)
6463:List of wars involving the Soviet Union
3091:
2963:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2879:
2867:
2855:
2843:
2831:
2819:
2807:
2795:
2783:
2771:
2734:
2722:
2710:
2698:
2686:
1772:) while a small detachment was sent to
1250:Linois's expedition to the Indian Ocean
492:
38:1808â1809 war between Russia and Sweden
14:
7410:
7214:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
7145:Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944
7004:GeorgianâOssetian conflict (1918â1920)
6982:Soviet westward offensive of 1918â1919
6696:Austro-RussianâTurkish War (1735â1739)
6372:Military history of the Russian Empire
4403:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
2240:Finnish War, Winter 1808 - Summer 1809
2119:managed to drive the Russians towards
830:
7364:Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)
6742:Russian colonization of North America
6302:
6085:Spanish American wars of independence
4061:
3370:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2142:A Russian battle fleet under Admiral
1056:
804:
554:
6377:Military history of the Soviet Union
3396:
3357:â The Swedish-Russian War of 1808â09
3134:: P. A. Norstedts och Söners Förlag.
2969:
2452:) to Russia. Sweden then joined the
2373:Second to last battle of the war at
1776:. Before the end of March 1808 even
1676:
1409:adding citations to reliable sources
1380:
1280:British invasions of the River Plate
119:21 February 1808 â 17 September 1809
7118:Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
6070:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
4087:
2268:and thence towards the vicinity of
2245:bring the war to a victorious end.
1976:just a few kilometers northeast of
1082:
24:
7164:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
6530:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
3172:
3086:Journal of Slavic Military Studies
3035:
2995:
1855:), the Swedish army under Colonel
1748:) was captured on 24 February and
25:
7494:
7448:Wars involving the Russian Empire
7029:Red Army intervention in Mongolia
3348:
2979:. Mint of Finland. Archived from
2207:, this time at Lokalax (Finnish:
2015:Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden
1926:
1867:, which swiftly advanced towards
1639:Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden
7083:SovietâJapanese border conflicts
6876:Russian conquest of Central Asia
6812:Russian conquest of the Caucasus
6608:PolishâMuscovite War (1605â1618)
6550:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
5945:Frederick William III of Prussia
5925:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
3139:Sandström, Allan (August 2008).
2602:
2588:
2574:
2521:
1691:Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoevden
1502:
1493:
1385:
499:
482:
472:
462:
452:
442:
430:
418:
401:
389:
377:
365:
353:
341:
329:
317:
303:
278:
257:
240:
228:
206:
63:
7369:Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)
7014:Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
6955:1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine
6065:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
5995:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
3078:
1557:as his ally against Napoleon's
1396:needs additional citations for
580:
7051:Urtatagai conflict (1925â1926)
6701:War of the Austrian Succession
5980:Prince Regent John of Portugal
5890:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
5835:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
5830:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
3497:History of independent Finland
3049:Scandinavian Political Studies
3009:Scandinavian Political Studies
2954:, pp. 225, 230, 249, 311.
2740:
2290:
2231:
13:
1:
7274:South Ossetia war (1991â1992)
7152:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
6903:Russian invasion of Manchuria
6893:Russo-Turkish War (1877â1878)
6839:Russo-Turkish War (1828â1829)
6834:Russo-Persian War (1826â1828)
6777:Russo-Turkish War (1806â1812)
6767:Russo-Persian War (1804â1813)
6732:Russo-Swedish War (1788â1790)
6727:Russo-Turkish War (1787â1792)
6717:Russo-Turkish War (1768â1774)
6707:Russo-Swedish War (1741â1743)
6685:Russo-Persian War (1722â1723)
6680:Russo-Turkish War (1710â1711)
6657:Russo-Turkish War (1686â1700)
6652:Russo-Turkish War (1676â1681)
6627:Russo-Persian War (1651â1653)
6603:Russo-Swedish War (1590â1595)
6598:Russo-Turkish War (1568â1570)
6583:Russo-Swedish War (1554â1557)
6458:List of wars involving Russia
6453:Sino-Russian border conflicts
6005:Prince Charles John of Sweden
3280:Karl Eberhard Lindén (1908),
3163:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2647:
2618:Dano-Swedish War of 1808â1809
1996:Finnish War, MayâOctober 1808
1845:counter-attacked at Siikajoki
1831:there was little the Russian
1577:Anglo-Russian War (1807â1812)
1376:
1365:and the establishment of the
1265:Second Archipelago Expedition
1260:British conquest of Cape Town
7229:Eritrean War of Independence
7199:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
7194:East German uprising of 1953
7135:Eastern Front (World War II)
7024:Red Army invasion of Georgia
7019:Red Army invasion of Armenia
6987:Estonian War of Independence
6928:Russian occupation of Tabriz
6849:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
6807:War of the Seventh Coalition
6690:War of the Polish Succession
6637:Russo-Polish War (1654â1667)
3117:International History Review
3098:Sea safeguarding our country
2798:, pp. 232â233, 238â244.
2750:. Yle News. 21 February 2008
2099:, in December of that year.
2071:(2 September), and although
1935:was ordered to blockade the
69:Left to right from the top:
33:Finnish War (disambiguation)
7:
7269:War in Abkhazia (1992â1993)
7219:Sino-Soviet border conflict
7088:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
7056:Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
6992:Latvian War of Independence
6881:Russian conquest of Bukhara
6772:War of the Fourth Coalition
6757:War of the Second Coalition
2567:
2489:
2464:between Sweden and France.
1892:and Ă
land, where a Swedish
1799:Finnish War, MarchâMay 1808
10:
7499:
7478:1809 in the Russian Empire
7473:1808 in the Russian Empire
7264:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
6802:War of the Sixth Coalition
6792:War of the Fifth Coalition
6762:War of the Third Coalition
6367:Military history of Russia
6329:Armed conflicts involving
5840:Frederick I of WĂŒrttemberg
4210:Confederation of the Rhine
3752:Government-owned companies
3423:Finland under Swedish rule
2421:over the Swedes at PiteÄ.
2365:Summer 1809 and conclusion
1631:Georg Magnus Sprengtporten
1525:After the Russian Emperor
1482:
26:
7377:
7312:
7103:Soviet invasion of Poland
6913:
6797:French invasion of Russia
6665:
6563:
6482:
6408:MuscoviteâLithuanian Wars
6400:
6357:
6350:
6219:
6103:
6018:
6000:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
5990:William, Prince of Orange
5853:
5800:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
5733:
5726:
5606:
5485:
5349:
5178:
5092:
5046:
4795:
4689:
4613:
4507:
4421:
4373:
4364:
4260:
4161:
4152:
4129:French Invasion of Russia
4095:
4012:
3894:
3824:
3815:
3763:National income agreement
3732:
3723:
3634:
3625:
3519:
3510:
3455:Golden Age of Finnish Art
3408:
2558:
1861:Wilhelm Mauritz Klingspor
1623:Wilhelm Mauritz Klingspor
1341:) was fought between the
1330:
1200:French invasion of Russia
1094:
842:
590:
534:
513:
293:
196:
111:
62:
50:
45:
7244:South African Border War
7169:Guerrilla war in Ukraine
7071:Chechen uprising of 1932
6752:Russo-Persian War (1796)
5910:Archduke John of Austria
5905:Prince von Schwarzenberg
5750:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
3639:Administrative divisions
3324:(in Swedish), Helsinki:
3290:(in Swedish), Helsinki:
3256:(in Swedish), Helsinki:
3219:(in Swedish), Helsinki:
3209:Reinhold Hausen (1916),
3124:Hornborg, Eirik (1955).
3092:Mattila, Tapani (1983).
2786:, pp. 232, 235â238.
2641:The Tales of Ensign StÄl
2467:Russia would create the
2311:Russian troops crossing
2226:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
1635:Jan Pieter van Suchtelen
1515:, Emperor of Russia and
845:SwedishâNovgorodian Wars
540:10,000 killed or wounded
6886:Khivan campaign of 1873
6737:Russo-Polish War (1792)
5845:Frederick VI of Denmark
5795:Jean-Baptiste BessiĂšres
4585:Greater Poland uprising
4408:Duc d'Enghien Execution
3470:Finland in World War II
3460:Independence of Finland
3061:10.1111/1467-9477.12048
3021:10.1111/1467-9477.12047
1545:. The king, who viewed
1240:Minor campaigns of 1815
543:7,000 killed or wounded
7483:Grand Duchy of Finland
7438:Wars involving Finland
7359:Western Libya campaign
7034:East Karelian uprising
6555:Wagner Group rebellion
6490:Uprising of Bolotnikov
5965:Ferdinand VII of Spain
4413:Coronation of Napoleon
3361:"The Union's Last War"
2535:
2469:Grand Duchy of Finland
2434:Treaty of Fredrikshamn
2429:
2428:Finnish War, aftermath
2385:
2343:Charles XIII of Sweden
2334:
2322:
2304:
2241:
2201:Battle of Grönvikssund
2112:
1997:
1986:Battle of Rimito Kramp
1946:Henrik Johan Nauckhoff
1841:Carl Johan Adlercreutz
1817:laid siege to Sveaborg
1800:
1733:
1693:crossed the border in
1686:
1616:Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt
1355:Grand Duchy of Finland
1338:
1322:
1133:First Serbian Uprising
294:Commanders and leaders
182:Grand Duchy of Finland
151:Treaty of Fredrikshamn
31:. For other uses, see
7443:Wars involving Sweden
7354:Intervention in Syria
7289:Tajikistani Civil War
6997:LithuanianâSoviet War
6938:Battle of Robat Karim
6387:Post-Soviet conflicts
6252:Conference of Dresden
6161:Paris (February 1812)
6090:SwedishâNorwegian War
5915:Alexander I of Russia
3119:37 (2015) 3: 519â539.
3088:17#4 (2004): 715â725.
2529:
2427:
2372:
2328:
2310:
2298:
2239:
2129:Eberhard von Vegesack
2073:Georg Carl von Döbeln
2040:AugustâSeptember 1808
1995:
1953:Eberhard von Vegesack
1798:
1724:
1697:and took the town of
1684:
1589:Imperial Russian Army
1568:In the meantime, the
1218:Swedish-Norwegian War
535:Casualties and losses
505:Eberhard von Vegesack
93:Battle of Koljonvirta
7337:Annexation of Crimea
7041:Central Asian Revolt
6950:UkrainianâSoviet War
6822:Russo-Circassian War
6505:Pugachev's Rebellion
6448:Russo-Ukrainian Wars
6392:Russian Armed Forces
6362:Early modern warfare
6206:Fontainebleau (1814)
5760:Louis-Nicolas Davout
4681:Invasion of Portugal
4000:World Heritage Sites
2480:constitution of 1772
2458:war on Great Britain
2213:Battle of Palva Sund
2011:Battle of Sandöström
1885:province of Russia.
1865:Johan August Sandels
1857:Johan Adam Cronstedt
1405:improve this article
1255:West Indies campaign
7397:Sphere of influence
7327:Russo-Ukrainian War
7184:First Indochina War
7157:SovietâJapanese War
7093:Xinjiang War (1937)
6962:Kazakhstan Campaign
6747:KoĆciuszko Uprising
6647:Second Northern War
6525:Coup attempt (1991)
6418:Soviet-Finnish wars
6232:Bourbon Restoration
5975:Maria I of Portugal
5960:Prince of Hohenlohe
5950:Gebhard von BlĂŒcher
4893:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
4200:Swiss Confederation
3094:Meri maamme turvana
2966:, pp. 311â312.
2942:, pp. 308â309.
2930:, pp. 287â298.
2918:, pp. 284â287.
2906:, pp. 281â283.
2894:, pp. 277â279.
2882:, pp. 279â280.
2870:, pp. 270â276.
2858:, pp. 266â269.
2846:, pp. 262â264.
2834:, pp. 258â262.
2822:, pp. 256â258.
2810:, pp. 245â248.
2774:, pp. 234â235.
2737:, pp. 228â230.
2725:, pp. 226â230.
2713:, pp. 223â226.
2701:, pp. 223â225.
2634:Sven Tuuva the Hero
2407:Gustav Wachtmeister
2260:and the other from
2097:Bogdan von Knorring
1821:Carl Olof Cronstedt
1812:Carl Olof Cronstedt
1573:attacked Copenhagen
1529:concluded the 1807
1371:Swedish royal house
1367:House of Bernadotte
488:Carl Olof Cronstedt
336:Bogdan von Knorring
91:(epic poem) at the
7387:Russian Revolution
7322:Russo-Georgian War
7304:Second Chechen War
7284:Georgian Civil War
6923:Russo-Japanese War
6675:Great Northern War
6573:Russo-Crimean Wars
6545:Second Chechen War
6443:Russo-Turkish wars
6438:Russo-Swedish wars
6428:Russo-Persian Wars
6413:Russo-Crimean Wars
6247:Continental System
6242:Congress of Erfurt
6166:Paris (March 1812)
5940:Peter Wittgenstein
5865:Duke of Wellington
5820:Prince Poniatowski
5785:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
5770:Auguste de Marmont
5165:Arroyo dos Molinos
5013:Walcheren Campaign
5003:Armistice of Znaim
4898:Dalmatian Campaign
4823:Tyrolean Rebellion
3793:Telecommunications
3433:Great Northern War
2983:on 2 December 2008
2536:
2454:Continental System
2430:
2386:
2335:
2323:
2319:Alexander Kotzebue
2305:
2242:
2067:(1 September) and
2026:Kristiinankaupunki
1998:
1917:port of Gothenburg
1801:
1734:
1687:
1543:Continental System
1359:Swedish parliament
1116:Franco-Swedish War
971:RussoâSwedish Wars
834:Russo-Swedish wars
324:Fyodor Buxhoeveden
57:Russo-Swedish wars
7428:Conflicts in 1809
7423:Conflicts in 1808
7405:
7404:
7294:First Chechen War
7249:SovietâAfghan War
7234:Angolan Civil War
7009:PolishâSoviet War
6967:Finnish Civil War
6945:Russian Civil War
6844:November Uprising
6782:Anglo-Russian War
6722:Bar Confederation
6535:First Chechen War
6515:Russian Civil War
6510:Decembrist revolt
6500:Bulavin Rebellion
6495:Razin's Rebellion
6478:
6477:
6433:Russo-Polish Wars
6401:Lists by opponent
6296:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6284:Types of military
6080:Russo-Turkish War
6075:Russo-Persian War
6043:Anglo-Turkish War
6038:Anglo-Swedish War
6033:Anglo-Spanish War
6028:Anglo-Russian War
5955:Duke of Brunswick
5858:political leaders
5738:political leaders
5722:
5721:
4727:Medina de Rioseco
4449:Haslach-Jungingen
4383:French Revolution
4360:
4359:
4143:Seventh Coalition
4055:
4054:
4008:
4007:
3811:
3810:
3719:
3718:
3701:Political parties
3654:Foreign relations
3621:
3620:
3107:978-951-99487-0-6
2217:landed in Finland
1941:Rudolf Cederström
1849:Battle of Revolax
1843:the Swedish army
1786:archipelago fleet
1677:FebruaryâMay 1808
1481:
1480:
1473:
1455:
1361:'s adoption of a
1343:Kingdom of Sweden
1331:Đ€ĐžĐœĐ»ŃĐœĐŽŃĐșĐ°Ń ĐČĐŸĐčĐœĐ°
1308:
1307:
1270:Adriatic campaign
1235:Waterloo campaign
1224:Seventh Coalition
1189:Anglo-Swedish War
1184:Austro-Polish War
1172:Anglo-Russian War
1160:Anglo-Turkish War
1128:Russo-Turkish War
1111:Russo-Persian War
1106:Anglo-Spanish War
1050:
1049:
798:
797:
549:
548:
448:Wilhelm Klingspor
192:
191:
180:, from which the
84:Battle of Oravais
79:Battle of Revolax
74:Siege of Sveaborg
16:(Redirected from
7490:
7279:Transnistria War
7224:War of Attrition
7130:Continuation War
7079:
6871:January Uprising
6712:Seven Years' War
6612:Time of Troubles
6578:Russo-Kazan Wars
6423:Russo-Kazan Wars
6355:
6354:
6323:
6316:
6309:
6300:
6299:
6060:Dano-Swedish War
6048:Anglo-Danish War
5900:Archduke Charles
5815:JĂ©rĂŽme Bonaparte
5731:
5730:
5664:Castel di Sangro
5573:FĂšre-Champenoise
5226:GarcĂa HernĂĄndez
5140:Fuentes de Oñoro
4656:Guttstadt-Deppen
4393:Second Coalition
4371:
4370:
4352:French Royalists
4159:
4158:
4108:Fourth Coalition
4082:
4075:
4068:
4059:
4058:
4035:
4028:
4021:
3983:Independence Day
3973:National symbols
3822:
3821:
3730:
3729:
3632:
3631:
3524:Cities and towns
3517:
3516:
3502:Military history
3480:Continuation War
3391:
3384:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3344:
3310:
3276:
3239:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3168:
3162:
3154:
3135:
3111:
3073:
3072:
3044:
3033:
3032:
3004:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2555:
2355:Barclay de Tolly
2105:skirmish at Lövö
2058:Nikolay Kamensky
1810:) under Admiral
1731:Battle of Kuopio
1593:Saint Petersburg
1531:Treaty of Tilsit
1519:, King of Sweden
1506:
1497:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1413:
1389:
1381:
1363:new constitution
1332:
1213:Dano-Swedish War
1148:Dano-Swedish War
1122:Fourth Coalition
1089:
1087:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1054:
1053:
837:
835:
825:
818:
811:
802:
801:
585:
575:
568:
561:
552:
551:
503:
494:
486:
478:Georg von Döbeln
476:
466:
458:Carl Adlercreutz
456:
446:
434:
422:
406:
405:
394:
393:
382:
381:
372:Nikolay Kamensky
370:
369:
360:Barclay de Tolly
358:
357:
348:Alexey Arakcheev
346:
345:
334:
333:
322:
321:
308:
307:
283:
282:
261:
245:
244:
233:
232:
211:
210:
146:Russian victory
113:
112:
67:
55:and a series of
43:
42:
21:
7498:
7497:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7489:
7488:
7487:
7458:1809 in Finland
7453:1808 in Finland
7433:Napoleonic Wars
7408:
7407:
7406:
7401:
7373:
7314:
7308:
7299:War of Dagestan
7073:
7046:August Uprising
6915:
6909:
6898:Boxer Rebellion
6866:Amur Annexation
6667:
6661:
6565:
6559:
6540:War of Dagestan
6520:August Uprising
6474:
6396:
6346:
6327:
6297:
6288:
6215:
6099:
6020:
6014:
5970:Miguel de Ălava
5935:Pyotr Bagration
5930:Count Bennigsen
5920:Mikhail Kutuzov
5885:Thomas Cochrane
5857:
5855:
5849:
5810:Louis Bonaparte
5737:
5735:
5734:French and ally
5718:
5602:
5518:ChĂąteau-Thierry
5481:
5345:
5316:Maloyaroslavets
5174:
5088:
5042:
4833:Yevenes/YĂ©benes
4791:
4707:Rosily Squadron
4685:
4609:
4575:Waren-Nossentin
4503:
4434:Cape Finisterre
4417:
4388:First Coalition
4366:
4356:
4263:
4256:
4167:
4163:
4154:
4148:
4136:Sixth Coalition
4122:Fifth Coalition
4101:Third Coalition
4091:
4089:Napoleonic Wars
4086:
4056:
4051:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4004:
3978:Public holidays
3890:
3807:
3715:
3679:Law enforcement
3617:
3506:
3438:The Great Wrath
3404:
3395:
3355:"The Final War"
3351:
3244:Gunnar Landtman
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3173:Further reading
3156:
3155:
3151:
3108:
3081:
3076:
3045:
3036:
3005:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2910:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2886:
2878:
2874:
2866:
2862:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2685:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2661:
2654:
2650:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2561:
2545:
2524:
2496:Gustaf IV Adolf
2492:
2486:after the war.
2462:Treaty of Paris
2367:
2316:
2293:
2250:Gulf of Bothnia
2234:
2169:Baltiyskiy Port
2152:Gulf of Bothnia
2085:Pyotr Bagration
2077:Battle of Jutas
2042:
1937:Hangö Peninsula
1929:
1873:Nikolay Tuchkov
1758:Hangö Peninsula
1679:
1655:Gulf of Bothnia
1637:before General
1539:Gustav IV Adolf
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:Gustav IV Adolf
1509:
1508:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1487:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1414:
1412:
1402:
1390:
1379:
1351:Napoleonic Wars
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1246:
1207:Sixth Coalition
1178:Fifth Coalition
1100:Third Coalition
1090:
1086:Napoleonic Wars
1085:
1083:
1081:
1051:
1046:
838:
833:
831:
829:
799:
794:
586:
581:
579:
544:
529:
522:
509:
425:Gustav IV Adolf
412:
408:Nikolay Raevsky
400:
396:Pyotr Bagration
388:
376:
364:
352:
340:
328:
316:
302:
289:
277:
274:
269:
251:
239:
227:
224:
219:
205:
160:
137:
120:
107:
68:
53:Napoleonic Wars
39:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7496:
7486:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7468:1809 in Sweden
7465:
7463:1808 in Sweden
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7382:Russian Winter
7378:
7375:
7374:
7372:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7350:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7324:
7318:
7316:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7209:Vlora incident
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7161:
7160:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7110:
7105:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
7000:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6979:
6974:
6972:Sochi conflict
6969:
6964:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6942:
6941:
6940:
6930:
6925:
6919:
6917:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6905:
6895:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6883:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6862:
6861:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6830:
6829:
6824:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6698:
6693:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6569:
6567:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6486:
6484:
6480:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6404:
6402:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6358:
6352:
6348:
6347:
6326:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6303:
6294:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6281:
6279:Longwood House
6276:
6275:
6274:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6223:
6221:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6024:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5985:Count of Feira
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5880:Horatio Nelson
5877:
5872:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5790:Marshal Victor
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5728:
5724:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5568:Arcis-sur-Aube
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5311:Venta del Pozo
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5186:Ciudad Rodrigo
5182:
5180:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5064:Ciudad Rodrigo
5061:
5056:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5038:Alba de Tormes
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4938:Aspern-Essling
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4540:JenaâAuerstedt
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4312:Ottoman Empire
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4272:United Kingdom
4268:
4266:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4242:Ottoman Empire
4239:
4237:DenmarkâNorway
4234:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4180:Polish Legions
4177:
4171:
4169:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4115:Peninsular War
4111:
4104:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4062:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4037:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3886:Welfare system
3883:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3839:Climate change
3836:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3783:Stock exchange
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3711:Prime Minister
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3561:
3556:
3554:National parks
3551:
3549:Municipalities
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3529:Extreme points
3526:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3492:Finlandization
3489:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3394:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3358:
3350:
3349:External links
3347:
3346:
3345:
3311:
3277:
3240:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3150:978-9188238917
3149:
3136:
3130:(in Swedish).
3121:
3112:
3106:
3089:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3055:(3): 238â254.
3034:
3015:(3): 217â237.
2994:
2968:
2964:Mattila (1983)
2956:
2952:Mattila (1983)
2944:
2940:Mattila (1983)
2932:
2928:Mattila (1983)
2920:
2916:Mattila (1983)
2908:
2904:Mattila (1983)
2896:
2892:Mattila (1983)
2884:
2880:Mattila (1983)
2872:
2868:Mattila (1983)
2860:
2856:Mattila (1983)
2848:
2844:Mattila (1983)
2836:
2832:Mattila (1983)
2824:
2820:Mattila (1983)
2812:
2808:Mattila (1983)
2800:
2796:Mattila (1983)
2788:
2784:Mattila (1983)
2776:
2772:Mattila (1983)
2761:
2739:
2735:Mattila (1983)
2727:
2723:Mattila (1983)
2715:
2711:Mattila (1983)
2703:
2699:Mattila (1983)
2691:
2689:, p. 222.
2687:Mattila (1983)
2679:
2677:, p. 226.
2675:Sandström 2008
2667:
2665:, p. 261.
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2628:Diet of Porvoo
2625:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2599:
2596:Finland portal
2585:
2569:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2523:
2520:
2508:Peninsular War
2491:
2488:
2390:James Saumarez
2366:
2363:
2292:
2289:
2233:
2230:
2144:Pyotr Khanykov
2041:
2038:
1951:Major General
1928:
1927:JuneâJuly 1808
1925:
1839:Under Colonel
1678:
1675:
1511:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1461:September 2020
1393:
1391:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1347:Russian Empire
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:Neapolitan War
1220:
1215:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1166:Peninsular War
1162:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
843:
840:
839:
828:
827:
820:
813:
805:
796:
795:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
591:
588:
587:
578:
577:
570:
563:
555:
547:
546:
541:
537:
536:
532:
531:
524:
516:
515:
511:
510:
508:
507:
497:
480:
470:
460:
450:
440:
428:
415:
413:
411:
410:
398:
386:
374:
362:
350:
338:
326:
314:
299:
296:
295:
291:
290:
288:
287:
285:United Kingdom
270:
268:
267:
254:
252:
250:
249:
247:DenmarkâNorway
237:
220:
218:
217:
214:Russian Empire
202:
199:
198:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:Russian Empire
176:and a part of
162:
156:
155:
154:
153:
143:
139:
138:
129:
127:
123:
122:
117:
109:
108:
106:
105:
95:
86:
81:
76:
70:
60:
59:
48:
47:
41:
40:
37:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7495:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7348:
7347:2022 invasion
7345:
7343:
7342:War in Donbas
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7311:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7179:Ili Rebellion
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7162:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7119:
7116:
7115:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
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7069:
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7064:
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7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
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6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
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6948:
6947:
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6912:
6904:
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6900:
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6896:
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6891:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6878:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6817:Caucasian War
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6664:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6562:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6471:
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6459:
6456:
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6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6344:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6324:
6319:
6317:
6312:
6310:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6220:Miscellaneous
6218:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6017:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
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5895:Manuel Lapeña
5893:
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5825:Prince EugĂšne
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5808:
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5798:
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5781:
5778:
5776:
5775:André Masséna
5773:
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5758:
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5755:Joachim Murat
5753:
5751:
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5712:
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5699:Rocheserviere
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5387:San SebastiĂĄn
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4948:Sankt Michael
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4165:client states
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3799:
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3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Ship-building
3771:
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3759:
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2663:Hornborg 1955
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2635:
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2624:
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2615:
2611:
2610:Sweden portal
2600:
2597:
2586:
2583:
2582:Russia portal
2572:
2565:
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2543:
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2533:
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2522:Commemoration
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2500:
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2426:
2422:
2420:
2419:final victory
2416:
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2408:
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2400:
2396:
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2358:
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2348:
2347:Ă
land Islands
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2327:
2320:
2315:in March 1809
2314:
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2116:
2114:
2113:Lövön kahakka
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2100:
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2027:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1994:
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1987:
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1881:) within the
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1425:
1422: â
1421:
1420:"Finnish War"
1417:
1416:Find sources:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1394:This section
1392:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
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1328:
1324:
1323:Finska kriget
1320:
1316:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:Spice Islands
1283:
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743:Ă
land Islands
741:
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468:Johan Sandels
465:
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276:
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273:
272:Supported by:
266:
265:
260:
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243:
238:
236:
235:French Empire
231:
226:
225:
223:
222:Supported by:
216:
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209:
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187:
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167:
164:Sweden loses
163:
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61:
58:
54:
49:
44:
34:
30:
19:
7098:World War II
6786:
6622:Smolensk War
6588:Livonian War
6267:Grande Armée
6227:Bibliography
6211:Paris (1815)
6171:Paris (1814)
6156:Paris (1810)
6136:Finckenstein
6111:Campo Formio
6064:
5870:Rowland Hill
5856:military and
5736:military and
5709:Rocquencourt
5578:Saint-Dizier
5548:Bar-sur-Aube
5503:Mincio River
4998:Schöngrabern
4777:2nd Zaragoza
4717:1st Zaragoza
4671:Stralsund II
4520:Campo Tenese
4494:Schöngrabern
4479:Cape Ortegal
4429:Diamond Rock
4307:Papal States
4141:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4033:Bibliography
3950:The Kalevala
3949:
3924:Coat of arms
3909:Architecture
3844:Demographics
3768:Nordic model
3742:Central bank
3664:Human rights
3644:Constitution
3444:
3316:
3282:
3248:
3211:
3204:(in Russian)
3198:(in Russian)
3192:(in Russian)
3186:(in Russian)
3180:(in Russian)
3140:
3126:
3116:
3097:
3093:
3085:
3079:Bibliography
3052:
3048:
3012:
3008:
2985:. Retrieved
2981:the original
2971:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2839:
2827:
2815:
2803:
2791:
2779:
2752:. Retrieved
2742:
2730:
2718:
2706:
2694:
2682:
2670:
2639:
2632:
2562:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2501:
2493:
2466:
2447:
2443:VĂ€sterbotten
2441:
2431:
2404:
2387:
2383:VĂ€sterbotten
2359:
2351:
2336:
2282:
2277:
2247:
2243:
2222:
2208:
2205:landed again
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2163:
2157:
2147:
2141:
2133:Kristinestad
2124:
2117:
2104:
2101:
2089:
2062:
2043:
2033:
2025:
2022:Kristinestad
2019:
2006:
1999:
1982:
1968:
1961:Uusikaupunki
1960:
1950:
1930:
1915:entered the
1910:
1887:
1876:
1852:
1838:
1833:Baltic Fleet
1829:Swedish Navy
1825:
1807:
1802:
1790:
1769:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1735:
1710:
1702:
1688:
1670:
1662:
1650:
1643:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1608:Swedish Army
1605:
1601:
1586:
1567:
1524:
1467:
1458:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1415:
1403:Please help
1398:verification
1395:
1314:
1312:
1290:Indian Ocean
1222:
1205:
1198:
1176:
1164:
1154:
1138:English Wars
1120:
1098:
1041:
970:
969:
844:
748:
747:
703:Grönvikssund
663:Rimito Kramp
592:
582:
527:August 1808:
526:
520:August 1808:
519:
437:Charles XIII
435:
423:
384:Yakov Kulnev
309:
271:
262:
221:
212:
197:Belligerents
178:West Bothnia
172:, a part of
145:
51:Part of the
7418:Finnish War
7204:Vietnam War
7074: [
6933:World War I
6854:Crimean War
6787:Finnish War
6703:(1740â1748)
6692:(1733â1738)
6617:Ingrian War
6333:(including
6095:War of 1812
6053:Gunboat War
6010:Louis XVIII
5765:Jean Lannes
5679:Quatre Bras
5669:San Germano
5619:Occhiobello
5508:Champaubert
5498:La RothiĂšre
5422:San Marcial
5306:2nd Polotsk
5271:1st Polotsk
5256:Majadahonda
5196:Villagarcia
5125:Campo Maior
4913:Piave River
4838:Ciudad Real
4828:Villafranca
4697:Dos de Mayo
4646:Stralsund I
4398:18 Brumaire
4332:Netherlands
4230:WĂŒrttemberg
3737:Agriculture
3581:Urban areas
3485:Lapland War
3450:Grand Duchy
3445:Finnish War
2754:1 September
2484:repatriated
2473:Old Finland
2381:in Swedish
2291:Spring 1809
2232:Winter 1808
2007:Kemiönsaari
1973:The landing
1898:Fasta Ă
land
1883:Old Finland
1808:Suomenlinna
1750:Helsingfors
1729:during the
1711:HĂ€meenlinna
1527:Alexander I
1513:Alexander I
1373:, in 1818.
1339:Suomen sota
1315:Finnish War
1194:War of 1812
1155:Finnish War
1143:Gunboat War
1037:(1788â1790)
1032:(1741â1743)
1027:(1700â1721)
1022:(1656â1658)
1012:(1610â1617)
1007:(1590â1595)
1002:(1558â1583)
997:(1554â1557)
987:(1495â1497)
982:(1479â1482)
977:(1475â1476)
738:Koljonvirta
708:RuonaâSalmi
583:Finnish War
311:Alexander I
159:Territorial
97:Battles of
46:Finnish War
18:Finnish war
7412:Categories
7239:Ogaden War
7189:Korean War
7108:Winter War
6977:Heimosodat
6564:Tsardom of
6237:Casualties
6151:Schönbrunn
6126:Artlenburg
5875:John Moore
5780:Michel Ney
5649:Scapezzano
5639:Cesenatico
5583:Montmartre
5513:Montmirail
5447:Wartenburg
5402:GroĂbeeren
5261:Gorodechno
5251:Klyastitsy
5231:Saltanovka
5120:Casal Novo
4993:Hollabrunn
4978:Korneuburg
4772:Somosierra
4676:Copenhagen
4499:Austerlitz
4489:DĂŒrenstein
4225:Westphalia
4168:and allies
3944:Literature
3859:Healthcare
3696:Parliament
3659:Government
3475:Winter War
3428:Cudgel War
3418:Prehistory
3308:Q113396158
3274:Q113524564
3237:Q113396242
2648:References
2532:Suonenjoki
2504:John Moore
2449:Norrbotten
2333:, Finland.
2299:Arrest of
2285:Arakcheyev
2276:(Finnish:
2158:Implacable
2137:Björneborg
2123:(Finnish:
2121:Björneborg
2093:Dolgorukov
2032:(Finnish:
2024:(Finnish:
2005:(Finnish:
1959:(Finnish:
1913:John Moore
1853:Revonlahti
1851:(Finnish:
1806:(Finnish:
1768:(Finnish:
1760:(Finnish:
1752:(Finnish:
1744:(Finnish:
1709:(Finnish:
1707:Tavastehus
1701:(Finnish:
1695:Ahvenkoski
1669:(Finnish:
1661:(Finnish:
1649:(Finnish:
1581:Baltic Sea
1570:Royal Navy
1551:Antichrist
1483:See also:
1431:newspapers
1377:Background
1369:, the new
770:SkellefteÄ
728:Palva Sund
693:NummijÀrvi
668:Sandöström
653:Kokonsaari
89:Sven Dufva
29:Winter War
6859:Ă
land War
6827:Murid War
6666:18thâ19th
6201:Casalanza
6176:Tauroggen
6131:Pressburg
6116:Lunéville
6021:conflicts
5854:Coalition
5704:La Suffel
5654:Tolentino
5538:Montereau
5523:Vauchamps
5472:Bornhöved
5427:Dennewitz
5372:Tarragona
5321:Chashniki
5221:Salamanca
5145:Tarragona
5069:Barquilla
5023:Almonacid
4983:Stockerau
4953:Stralsund
4923:2nd Porto
4903:Ebelsberg
4873:Abensberg
4843:1st Porto
4803:CastellĂłn
4787:Benavente
4752:Valmaseda
4666:Friedland
4661:Heilsberg
4631:OstroĆÄka
4621:Mohrungen
4555:Magdeburg
4484:Amstetten
4469:Trafalgar
4454:Elchingen
4439:Wertingen
4337:Brunswick
4262:Coalition
3968:Mythology
3864:Languages
3849:Education
3803:Transport
3706:President
3669:Judiciary
3649:Elections
3606:JyvÀskylÀ
3559:Provinces
3512:Geography
3465:Civil War
3342:Q65529946
3334:0039-6842
3300:0039-6842
3266:0039-6842
3229:0039-6842
3159:cite book
3132:Stockholm
3069:1467-9477
3029:1467-9477
2623:Ă
land War
2534:, Finland
2477:Gustavian
2395:Kronstadt
2301:Gustav IV
2270:Stockholm
2209:Lokalahti
2148:Chanikoff
1738:Svartholm
1042:(1808â09)
935:1350â1351
930:1348â1349
925:1338â1339
920:1321â1323
910:1311â1314
905:1300â1301
900:1293â1295
895:1283â1284
890:1256â1257
885:1249â1250
875:1236â1237
865:1227â1228
775:Hörnefors
698:LappfjÀrd
678:Kauhajoki
673:PÀlkjÀrvi
648:Lintulaks
638:Nykarleby
603:Siikajoki
7392:Cold War
7254:Gulf War
6610:and the
6483:Internal
6339:Imperial
6272:Uniforms
6186:Chaumont
6104:Treaties
5805:Joseph I
5745:Napoleon
5689:Waterloo
5629:Casaglia
5593:Toulouse
5477:Sehested
5452:Bidassoa
5432:2nd Kulm
5417:1st Kulm
5407:Katzbach
5397:Sorauren
5392:Pyrenees
5357:Castalla
5341:Berezina
5331:Smoliani
5301:Tarutino
5286:Borodino
5276:Valutino
5266:Smolensk
5236:Ostrovno
5206:Maguilla
5170:Valencia
5160:Saguntum
5008:Talavera
4888:Ratisbon
4878:Landshut
4853:Bergisel
4848:MedellĂn
4762:Espinosa
4722:Valencia
4595:Czarnowo
4565:Pasewalk
4560:Prenzlau
4535:Saalfeld
4474:Caldiero
4444:GĂŒnzburg
4322:Sardinia
4297:Portugal
4042:Category
3939:Folklore
3881:Religion
3829:Abortion
3788:Taxation
3778:Startups
3758:Industry
3684:Military
3627:Politics
3613:Wildlife
3586:Helsinki
3402:articles
3338:Wikidata
3304:Wikidata
3270:Wikidata
3246:(1940),
3233:Wikidata
2568:See also
2490:Analysis
2446:, today
2399:Porkkala
2331:Björköby
2256:towards
2075:won the
2065:Kuortane
2034:Kaskinen
1902:Kumlinge
1894:flotilla
1804:Sveaborg
1754:Helsinki
1718:attack.
1659:UleÄborg
1657:towards
1575:and the
1547:Napoleon
1535:Napoleon
1345:and the
1295:2nd Java
1275:1st Java
733:Helsinge
723:Lokalaks
688:Karstula
623:Kumlinge
618:Pulkkila
613:Sveaborg
598:PyhÀjoki
514:Strength
126:Location
7332:Outline
7315:century
6916:century
6668:century
6351:Related
6335:Tsarist
6019:Related
5598:Bayonne
5563:Craonne
5533:Mormant
5493:Brienne
5467:Nivelle
5457:Leipzig
5412:Dresden
5382:Vitoria
5367:Bautzen
5336:Krasnoi
5281:Mesoten
5241:Vitebsk
5201:Almaraz
5191:Badajoz
5150:Albuera
5135:Almeida
5130:Sabugal
5115:Redinha
5105:Barrosa
5084:Bussaco
5079:Almeida
5059:Astorga
5028:Tamames
4988:Gefrees
4943:Alcañiz
4883:EckmĂŒhl
4813:Corunna
4782:SahagĂșn
4747:Zornoza
4742:Vimeiro
4712:CabezĂłn
4636:Kolberg
4605:PuĆtusk
4600:Golymin
4590:Hamelin
4570:Stettin
4530:Schleiz
4375:Prelude
4367:battles
4342:Hanover
4287:Prussia
4277:Austria
4215:Bavaria
4195:Etruria
4190:Holland
4162:France,
4155:gerents
4019:Outline
3929:Cuisine
3896:Culture
3874:Swedish
3869:Finnish
3817:Society
3798:Tourism
3725:Economy
3591:Tampere
3564:Regions
3539:Islands
3534:Geology
3410:History
3398:Finland
2548:1 krona
2313:Kvarken
2187:Goliath
2175:Victory
2164:Centaur
2109:Finnish
2081:Oravais
2054:Mikkeli
2050:Tampere
1933:Gotland
1890:Gotland
1715:Savolax
1703:Loviisa
1647:Savolax
1597:Finland
1563:Denmark
1555:Britain
1549:as the
1445:scholar
1335:Finnish
1327:Russian
1319:Swedish
760:Bothnia
755:Gotland
718:Oravais
608:Revolax
593:Finland
490: (
174:Lapland
166:Finland
161:changes
131:Finland
6642:Deluge
6566:Russia
6345:times)
6343:Soviet
6331:Russia
6196:Mantua
6146:Cintra
6141:Tilsit
6121:Amiens
5659:Ancona
5644:Pesaro
5614:Panaro
5543:Orthez
5528:Garris
5442:RoĂlau
5437:Göhrde
5377:Luckau
5362:LĂŒtzen
5326:Vyazma
5296:Burgos
5291:Moscow
5246:Kobryn
5155:Usagre
5110:Pombal
5100:Gebora
4973:Wagram
4933:Tarvis
4908:Girona
4868:Raszyn
4858:Sacile
4767:Tudela
4757:Burgos
4737:Roliça
4732:Bailén
4651:Mileto
4641:Danzig
4580:LĂŒbeck
4545:Erfurt
4464:Verona
4347:Nassau
4327:Sweden
4317:Persia
4302:Sicily
4282:Russia
4264:forces
4247:Persia
4220:Saxony
4205:Naples
4175:France
4153:Belli-
4047:Portal
3919:Cinema
3904:Anthem
3756:
3747:Energy
3576:Rivers
3400:
3340:
3332:
3306:
3298:
3272:
3264:
3235:
3227:
3147:
3104:
3067:
3027:
2987:4 July
2559:Legacy
2278:Tornio
2274:TorneÄ
2193:Africa
2190:, and
2146:(also
2028:) and
2003:Kimito
1963:) and
1957:Nystad
1878:Hamina
1869:Kuopio
1782:Kuopio
1746:Porvoo
1727:Kuopio
1699:Lovisa
1665:) and
1559:France
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1017:(1656)
992:(1499)
749:Sweden
683:Alavus
628:Kuopio
530:36,000
523:55,000
264:Sweden
142:Result
135:Sweden
7078:]
6262:Films
5694:Wavre
5684:Ligny
5674:Gaeta
5634:Ronco
5624:Carpi
5588:Paris
5558:Reims
5462:Hanau
5054:CĂĄdiz
5033:Ocaña
5018:Ălper
4963:MarĂa
4928:Wörgl
4918:GrijĂł
4818:Valls
4808:Uclés
4702:Bruch
4626:Eylau
4550:Halle
4525:Maida
4515:Gaeta
4365:Major
4292:Spain
4252:Spain
4185:Italy
4026:Index
3995:Sport
3990:Sauna
3963:Music
3958:Media
3854:Finns
3834:Crime
3596:Turku
3569:Ă
land
3544:Lakes
3096:[
2516:Hangö
2512:SkÄne
2438:Torne
2415:Ratan
2411:SĂ€var
2377:near
2375:Ratan
2266:Ă
land
2069:Salmi
2030:Kaskö
1921:Spain
1906:Ă
land
1774:Ă
land
1770:Turku
1762:Hanko
1742:BorgÄ
1671:Vaasa
1533:with
1452:JSTOR
1438:books
790:PiteÄ
785:Ratan
780:SĂ€var
765:Kalix
713:Jutas
658:Lapua
643:Vaasa
170:Ă
land
103:Ratan
99:SĂ€var
7313:21st
6914:20th
6341:and
6191:Kiel
6181:Ried
5727:Info
5714:Issy
5607:1815
5553:Laon
5486:1814
5350:1813
5216:Ekau
5179:1812
5093:1811
5047:1810
4968:Graz
4958:Raab
4796:1809
4690:1808
4614:1807
4508:1806
4422:1805
3934:Flag
3689:NATO
3601:Oulu
3330:ISSN
3296:ISSN
3262:ISSN
3225:ISSN
3165:link
3145:ISBN
3102:ISBN
3065:ISSN
3025:ISSN
2989:2019
2756:2017
2413:and
2379:UmeÄ
2339:coup
2258:UmeÄ
2254:Vasa
2181:Mars
2173:HMS
2161:and
2156:HMS
2125:Pori
2046:Pori
1978:Vasa
1969:Lemu
1778:Vasa
1667:Vasa
1663:Oulu
1651:Savo
1553:and
1424:news
1313:The
965:1448
960:1444
955:1411
950:1399
945:1396
940:1395
915:1318
880:1240
870:1229
860:1187
855:1164
850:1142
633:Lemo
133:and
116:Date
101:and
5211:Mir
5074:CĂŽa
4459:Ulm
3914:Art
3674:Law
3057:doi
3017:doi
2280:).
2264:to
2262:Ă
bo
1965:Ă
bo
1766:Ă
bo
1407:by
493:POW
7414::
7076:ru
6337:,
3336:,
3328:,
3320:,
3302:,
3294:,
3286:,
3268:,
3260:,
3252:,
3231:,
3223:,
3215:,
3161:}}
3157:{{
3063:.
3053:38
3051:.
3037:^
3023:.
3013:38
3011:.
2997:^
2764:^
2655:^
2518:.
2184:,
2178:,
2111::
1948:.
1871:.
1740:.
1337::
1333:,
1329::
1325:,
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