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was ill-equipped to handle a crisis of such magnitude. There was no money readily available to import food from largely monopolized
Central European markets, and the government was slow to recognize the severity of the situation. Finance minister
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had developed yet that could have capitalized politically on the crisis. The urban population was small, and for the people of the countryside, the first priority was to resume normal lives. In short, the famine did not threaten the
262:), about 8 °C (14 °F) below the long-time average and by far the coldest May in the meteorological record of Helsinki since observations commenced in 1829. In many places, lakes and rivers remained frozen until June.
346:
in late 1867, the crisis was already full blown, and grain prices had risen in Europe. In addition, it was difficult to transport what little aid could be mustered in a country with poor communications. A number of emergency
65:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
214:. About 8.5% of the entire population died of hunger; in the hardest-hit areas up to 20%. The total death toll was 270,000 in three years, about 150,000 in excess of normal mortality. The worst-hit areas were
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After a promisingly warm midsummer, freezing temperatures in early
September ravaged crops; as a result, the harvest was about half the average. By the autumn of 1867, people were dying by the thousands.
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Parts of the country had suffered poor harvests in previous years, most notably in 1862. The summer of 1866 was extremely rainy, and staple crops failed widely:
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Programs were launched to increase the diversity of
Finnish agriculture, and rapidly improving communications made a recurrence of such a famine less likely.
250:
in the autumn were unfavourable. When stored food ran out, thousands took to the roads to beg. The following winter was hard, and spring was late. In
68:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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to be able to do much more, and blame was directed mainly at local officials. No significant working class
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killing 270,000 people in the region. Municipalities that were particularly badly hit were Eno,
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In addition to hunger, 1866–68 saw what was thought of at the time as
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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projects were set up, foremost among them the construction of the
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In
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In general, ordinary Finns at the time saw the famine as an
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Gershwin, M. Eric; German, J. Bruce; Keen, Carl L. (2000).
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Ulla Piela, 'Loitsut 1800-luvun
Pohjois-Karjalassa',
451:. Springer International Publishing, 2023.
254:, the average temperature in May 1867 was +1.8
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515:Nutrition and immunology: principles and practice
178:in Finland – most recently, during and after the
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246:rotted in the fields, and conditions for sowing
371:, Finland. Memorial is dedicated to victims of
353:railway line from Riihimäki to Saint Petersburg
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83:accompanying your translation by providing an
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36:expand this article with text translated from
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16:1866-1868 famine in Finland, Russian Empire
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470:"Last Great Famine in Northern Europe"
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494:Buchert, Peter (23 September 2017).
95:{{Translated|fi|Suuret nälkävuodet}}
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496:"Frosten fick finska folket på knä"
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474:Environment & Society Portal
367:Memorial for victims of famine,
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449:Finland’s Great Famine, 1856-68
375:and Finnish famine of 1866–1868
693:History of independent Finland
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517:. Humana Press. p. 43.
409:Because of the famine, many
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344:Rothschild bank of Frankfurt
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447:Newby, Andrew G.
436:Russian famine of 1601–1603
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201:) the last major famine in
199:Swedish famine of 1867-1869
123:Finnish famine of 1866–1868
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835:Administrative divisions
1299:19th century in Finland
666:Finland in World War II
656:Independence of Finland
551:Kuitula, Mikko (2020).
187:The Famine of 1866–1868
104:For more guidance, see
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989:Telecommunications
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681:Lapland War
646:Grand Duchy
641:Finnish War
479:January 10,
284:Pielisjärvi
258:(35.2
176:famine food
45:(June 2023)
1258:Categories
1140:Literature
1055:Healthcare
892:Parliament
855:Government
671:Winter War
624:Cudgel War
614:Prehistory
456:References
391:act of God
320:Bark bread
288:Rautavaara
174:served as
40:in Finnish
1164:Mythology
1060:Languages
1045:Education
999:Transport
902:President
865:Judiciary
845:Elections
802:Jyväskylä
755:Provinces
708:Geography
661:Civil War
415:Murmansk.
395:the crown
359:Aftermath
300:Satakunta
280:Ilomantsi
216:Satakunta
180:civil war
142:1866–1868
99:talk page
1238:Category
1135:Folklore
1077:Religion
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954:Industry
880:Military
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809:Wildlife
782:Helsinki
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420:See also
322:Song By
252:Helsinki
240:potatoes
220:Tavastia
182:of 1918.
75:provide
1215:Outline
1125:Cuisine
1092:Culture
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994:Tourism
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760:Regions
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730:Geology
606:History
594:Finland
369:Kokkola
310:Actions
270:Disease
195:Finland
150:150,000
129:Country
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1100:Anthem
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294:, and
276:typhus
234:Causes
226:, and
191:famine
155:Causes
139:Period
1222:Index
1191:Sport
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1159:Music
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1030:Crime
792:Turku
765:Åland
740:Lakes
411:Finns
248:grain
59:DeepL
1130:Flag
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797:Oulu
519:ISBN
481:2023
304:Häme
302:and
286:and
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