32:
180:
Every conversation involves turn-taking, which means that whenever someone wants to speak and hears a pause, they do so. Pauses are commonly used to indicate that someone's turn has ended, which can create confusion when someone has not finished a thought but has paused to form a thought; in order to
3114:
The linguistic term "filler" has another, unrelated use in syntactic terminology. It refers to the pre-posed element that fills in the "gap" in a wh-movement construction. Wh-movement is said to create a long-distance or unbounded "filler-gap dependency". In the following example, there is an object
196:
Filler words generally contain little to no lexical content, but instead provide clues to the listener about how they should interpret what the speaker has said. The actual words that people use may change (such as the increasing use of
3559:
297:
can be signed with open-8 held at chin, palm in, eyebrows down (similar to FAVORITE); or bilateral symmetric bent-V, palm out, repeated axial rotation of wrist (similar to QUOTE).
243:
in
British English). Among younger speakers, the fillers "like", "you know", "I mean", "okay", "so", "actually", "basically", and "right?" are among the more prevalent.
152:) is a sound or word that participants in a conversation use to signal that they are pausing to think but are not finished speaking. These are not to be confused with
3316:
3533:
3672:
919:
are the most common fillers. Swearing is also used as a filler often, especially among youth. The most common swear word for that is
3679:
96:
3623:
68:
49:
75:
3275:
2528:
in its Slovak pronunciation) can also be heard, especially in parts of the country with a large
Hungarian population.
115:
82:
3486:
64:
53:
3711:
3218:
3181:
2280:
2273:
2258:
2249:
2192:
2179:
2166:
2157:
2032:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1061:
1046:
938:
591:
240:
233:
226:
219:
193:. The use of a filler word indicates that the other person should continue listening instead of speaking.
2195:("you know"). Among the younger generation new, often english-inspired, fillers are gaining popularity:
3628:
3428:
3452:
3537:
3362:
3342:
2588:
2535:
1335:
1317:
42:
20:
2261:
is also very common (can be lengthened according to the pause in speech, rendered in writing as
89:
3357:
3219:"Combinations of discourse markers with repairs and repetitions in English, French and Spanish"
3003:— ‘Is it not so?’ — is used as a filler, and in a similar way, especially in southern dialects
290:
3608:
3291:
Ph. D., Rhetoric and
English; M. A., Modern English and American Literature; B. A., English.
3202:
among the pragmatic markers". In
Kaltenbock, Gunther; Keizer, Evelien; Lohmann, Arne (eds.).
1083:
3560:"Uh, bueno, em … : Filled pauses as a site of contact-induced change in Boston Spanish"
3474:
3706:
1995:(literally "not true?", meaning "don't you agree?", "right?", "no kidding" or "exactly")l,
3292:
3069:(‘alright/right’) is used as a filler at the beginning, middle or end of sentences ;
2276:
is widely used by almost anyone. A modern filler has gained popularity among the youths –
1086:
share some of the features of filler words, but they actually modify the sentence meaning.
8:
3676:
3343:"Disfluency Rates in Conversation: Effects of Age, Relationship, Topic, Role, and Gender"
2975:
2111:
2037:
1822:
1737:
1411:
3668:
2041:
which means "you see/understand)", "as you can see/understand") is also a common filler.
3587:
3383:
3248:
2853:
1962:
1876:
1386:
1343:
450:
3633:
3591:
3579:
3482:
3375:
3271:
3252:
3158:
3148:
2240:
1529:
849:
836:
626:
361:
3690:. Typological Studies in Language 93, John Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 2010.
3387:
2655:, by virtue of his frequent use of it. Other possible filled pauses in Spanish are:
3657:
3571:
3367:
3238:
3230:
2822:
2675:
2578:
2542:
2450:
2287:
2215:
2045:
1841:
1818:
1474:
898:
719:
582:
412:
283:
161:
153:
3683:
3371:
3234:
2791:
2489:
2148:
2084:, "for instance") are commonly used filler words. As well as in Arabic and Urdu,
1907:
1670:
1615:
1467:
1145:
1037:
929:
700:
327:
301:
1849:
1845:
164:, and different languages have different characteristic filler sounds. The term
3402:
2982:
2772:
1774:
1430:
1252:
1090:
756:
651:
3687:
3575:
3700:
3583:
3691:
3379:
3243:
3137:
1173:
348:
3661:
3648:
Siegel, Muffy E. A. (2002). "Like: The
Discourse Particle and Semantics".
3109:
2652:
1169:
169:
129:
3508:
3153:
3027:— the singular and plural/respectful forms of ‘you know’) along with
2173:) and while common, its use is frowned upon. Other examples include,
1793:
817:
553:
253:
31:
3407:
3204:
Outside the Clause: Form and
Function of Extra-Clausal Constituents
1012:
203:), but the meaning and reason why people use them does not change.
3142:
2283:, analogous to the English "like", literally translated as "type".
1852:(pronounced nàge/nèige), meaning 'that'. Other common fillers are
3132:
2619:(roughly equivalent to "I mean", literally means "or be it"). In
1596:
1186:, the Hebrew version of "like"). Additional filler words include
666:, meaning "parasitic expressions". The most frequent fillers are
437:
3609:
Why do people say "um" and "er" when hesitating in their speech?
3063:— ‘so/such/like/in that way’, used in northern dialects) ;
2647:(meaning "as", "like" or "in mode"). The Argentine filler word
3182:
Why do we say 'um', 'er', or 'ah' when we hesitate in speaking?
996:
2620:
1303:, "what it is") are some word fillers. Sound fillers include
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
181:
prevent this confusion, they will use a filler word such as
2920:
1784:
1778:
199:
16:
Words or sounds used without meaning, like "umm" or "Err.."
3473:
Parkinson, Dilworth B.; Farwaneh, Samira (January 2003).
2818:, "then...") are common and there are numerous like this.
1592:, used as "huh" as a response of surprise or confusion).
168:
also has a separate use in the syntactic description of
1376:, which means "it says here..."). Among intellectuals,
1226:, "in short"). Use of fillers of Arabic origin such as
211:
In
American English, the most common filler sounds are
1015:). Additional filler words used by youngsters include
2516:("it's like...") are used as fillers. The Hungarian
941:
is most common; other words used as fillers include
635:(literally "this one", but the meaning is lost) and
2641:("well") is used. Younger speakers there often use
2252:("therefore") is common, especially in school, and
1525:, which are themselves often used as filler words).
1461:
771:("thus") are some of the more common fillers. Also
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3340:
3099:are used similarly to the English ‘um…’ and ‘uh…’.
2574:("actually") are some of the most common fillers.
989:(roughly "well", as in "Well, I'm not sure"), and
3472:
3317:"Why you say 'um' 'like' and 'you know?' so much"
573:
562:
3698:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1421:
1415:
1407:("you know"), is popular among younger speakers.
3455:. Egyptianarabiccourse.blogspot.com. 2008-03-17
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2517:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1777:, speakers often use words and phrases such as
1402:
1396:
1390:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1011:("go one time"; especially in Brussels, not in
827:
821:
544:
538:
532:
526:
520:
514:
508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
472:
466:
460:
454:
269:
263:
257:
3194:Tottie, Gunnel (2016). "Planning what to say:
2244:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1556:, literally "that over there", used as "um"),
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1507:("actually", "that is to say", "rather"), and
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
840:
642:
636:
630:
3216:
2978:, "ơ" or "à" (surprise); "ý là" (I mean); ...
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2727:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2614:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2582:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2480:
2474:
2460:
2454:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2102:
2097:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
1832:
1826:
1606:
1600:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
920:
914:
908:
902:
802:
784:
617:
607:
601:
595:
586:
568:
557:
441:
428:
422:
416:
403:
398:
392:
387:
381:
376:
370:
365:
3624:"The way teens talk, like, serves a purpose"
3290:
3268:How English works: A linguistic introduction
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2529:
2523:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2268:
2262:
2253:
2187:
2174:
2161:
2152:
2091:
2085:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1163:
1153:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1056:
1050:
1041:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1006:
1000:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
933:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
710:
704:
352:
342:
336:
331:
321:
316:
310:
305:
3558:Erker, Daniel; Bruso, Joanna (2017-07-25).
3265:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2782:
2776:
2096:, "I mean") is also used in Persian. Also,
1513:("well", "so"; most likely a shortening of
1452:
1443:
1434:
1328:
1322:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
808:
796:
790:
778:
772:
766:
760:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
3557:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
3400:
3361:
3242:
3187:
2302:, "parasite words"); the most common are
845:("so") is one of the most common fillers.
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
3123:: "I don't care she told you she saw."
3115:gap associated with the transitive verb
3075:— used loosely to mean ‘alright’ ;
2849:("as such", "so on") are common fillers.
2623:the previous fillers are also used, but
2220:
341:("like") is a common filler, as well as
3293:"Um, Is This, You Know, a Filler Word?"
1611:for "the matter is" are common fillers.
925:, which is a word for female genitalia.
894:("that's") are the most common fillers.
3699:
3647:
3621:
3193:
2635:are very common too. and occasionally
2538:and one of the most parodied features.
1958:, "No?") are commonly used as fillers.
1334:
1316:
433:("..er..that is")) are common fillers.
3477:Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics XV
2768:(both similar to the English "like").
2144:("well") are the most common fillers.
795:("so to say") in Netherlandic Dutch,
647:("meaning", "it means") are frequent.
246:
3531:
3176:
3174:
2446:, "understand?, you know, you see").
1770:("like") are some of common fillers.
1005:("y'know what I mean?"; Québec), or
660:, meaning "word cotton/padding", or
160:. Fillers fall into the category of
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
3536:. Spanish.about.com. Archived from
2961:
2949:
2947:, "this and that" or "blah blah"),
2937:
2925:
2098:
2086:
2074:
2062:
2050:
1238:
1236:, a mispronunciation of the Arabic
1040:, traditional filler words include
832:("so") are the most common fillers.
715:are among the most common fillers.
332:
317:
306:
13:
3622:Lotozo, Eils (September 4, 2002).
3119:, and the filler is the wh-phrase
2151:, the most common filler sound is
2019:("true") is often used instead of
1426:are among the most common fillers.
567:("that is to say"; "meaning") and
326:("by God") are common fillers. In
14:
3723:
3602:
3171:
2916:, "this one") are common fillers.
2236:, "it means") is a common filler.
3688:Fillers, Pauses and Placeholders
3453:"Egyptian Arabic Dialect Course"
3401:Winterman, Denise (2010-09-28).
2971:, "ok") are also common fillers.
1382:(if you like) is used as filler.
752:(“aww”) are some common fillers.
357:("what's its name") is a filler.
30:
3551:
3534:"Filler Words and Vocal Pauses"
3525:
3501:
3466:
3445:
2613:, literally means "this"), and
2013:("is it", "it is"). In Bergen,
1872:; 'as if/kind of like'.
1666:) are commonly used as fillers.
1460:are common fillers, along with
41:needs additional citations for
3421:
3394:
3334:
3309:
3284:
3259:
3217:Crible, L; Pascual, E (2020).
3210:
2684:; some of the most common are
2551:("indeed", "just", "merely"),
2475:
2455:
2107:is a common filler in Persian.
1868:
1858:
1723:
1711:
1699:
1687:
1675:
1352:, common filler words include
995:(roughly "suddenly"). Outside
408:("as if") are common fillers.*
1:
3564:Language Variation and Change
3270:. Pearson. pp. 253–256.
3164:
2651:became the nickname of rebel
2587:. Some of the most common in
2485:, "this") are common fillers.
1903:, "that") are common fillers.
1158:) is the most common filler.
1141:, "good") are common fillers.
206:
3372:10.1177/00238309010440020101
3266:Curzan, A; Adams, M (2014).
3235:10.1016/j.pragma.2019.05.002
3103:
2386:, "I mean, kind of, like"),
1783:(literally, "what name") or
1733:, "um"), are common fillers.
7:
3341:BORTFELD & al. (2001).
3126:
2967:
2955:
2943:
2931:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2876:
2864:
2814:
2806:, "what's here is...") and
2802:
2783:
2777:
2756:, which means "what"), and
2481:
2461:
2442:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2346:
2334:
2322:
2310:
2298:
2232:
2103:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2056:
1954:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1899:
1887:
1810:
1804:
1789:("that") as common fillers.
1729:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1662:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1607:
1601:
1588:
1576:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1329:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1244:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1192:
1182:
1164:
1154:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
807:("well") in Belgian Dutch,
622:("say") are common fillers.
545:
533:
521:
509:
497:
485:
473:
461:
429:
423:
404:
393:
382:
371:
353:
343:
337:
322:
311:
172:constructions (see below).
10:
3728:
3629:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
3107:
2615:
2605:
2599:
2593:
971:("you see what I mean?"),
18:
3576:10.1017/S0954394517000102
3145:: as a discourse particle
2906:
2894:
2882:
2870:
2858:
2808:
2796:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2436:
2434:, " like, sort of"), and
2424:
2412:
2400:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2352:
2350:, "that kind, sort of"),
2340:
2328:
2316:
2304:
2292:
2226:
2027:
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1893:
1881:
1863:
1853:
1798:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1532:, common fillers include
1477:, common fillers include
1462:
1323:
1305:
1293:
1281:
1269:
1257:
1227:
1217:
1207:
1197:
1187:
1177:
1159:
1149:
1131:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1007:
1001:
968:t'vois c'que j'veux dire?
809:
803:
785:
569:
558:
539:
527:
515:
503:
491:
479:
467:
455:
417:
399:
388:
377:
366:
65:"Filler" linguistics
1980:på ein måte / på en måte
1168:) is also quite common.
1082:("actually"). So-called
578:("so; then") as fillers.
175:
3617:(subscription required)
3403:"It's, like, so common"
3180:Juan, Stephen (2010). "
2976:Vietnamese (Tiếng Việt)
2787:("then...") are common.
2744:("therefore", "thus"),
2732:, which means "only"),
2609:(roughly equivalent to
2534:is a filler typical of
2207:("in the sense that"),
1814:("then...") are common.
1808:, "that means...") and
1580:, used as "hmmm"), and
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
574:
563:
21:Filler (disambiguation)
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2781:("if you see...") and
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2583:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2269:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2188:
2175:
2162:
2153:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2036:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1992:ikkje sant / ikke sant
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1833:
1827:
1785:
1779:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1453:
1444:
1435:
1422:
1416:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1279:, "what do you say"),
1176:speakers commonly use
1078:
1072:
1066:
1057:
1051:
1042:
1029:
1023:
1017:
999:other expressions are
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
934:
921:
915:
909:
903:
841:
828:
822:
797:
791:
779:
773:
767:
761:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
711:
705:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
643:
637:
631:
618:
608:
602:
596:
587:
442:
291:American Sign Language
270:
264:
258:
3223:Journal of Pragmatics
3081:, an abbreviation of
2678:, fillers are called
2653:Ernesto "Che" Guevara
2581:, fillers are called
2290:, fillers are called
1965:, common fillers are
1862:; 'just' and
1844:, speakers often say
1837:, is a common filler.
1489:("well then", "so"),
1389:, a common filler is
888:("isn't it right?"),
654:, fillers are called
556:, speakers often say
453:, common fillers are
446:is the common filler.
282:being in common with
3650:Journal of Semantics
3636:on December 13, 2008
3509:"X Trøndersk - NTNU"
2868:, similar to "um"),
274:are common fillers (
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
3712:Human communication
3662:10.1093/jos/19.1.35
3350:Language and Speech
3024:rydych chi'n gwybod
2959:, "yeah yeah") and
2169:(both like English
2025:. In the region of
1401:, a contraction of
1021:("kinda", "like"),
3682:2017-04-06 at the
3532:Erichsen, Gerald.
3481:. John Benjamins.
3206:. pp. 97–122.
3087:— ‘there we are’;
3048:rydych chi'n gweld
3039:(abbreviations of
3015:(abbreviations of
2197:generalnie/ogólnie
1831:("then"), or just
1346:, filler sound is
1033:("style"; "kind").
813:("you know?") etc.
663:parasitické výrazy
616:("you know"?) and
247:In other languages
162:formulaic language
148:(sometimes called
3677:Margaret Maclagan
3159:Speech disfluency
3149:Phatic expression
2935:, "meaning..."),
2843:("that is"), and
2570:("in fact"), and
2473:, "i think") and
2469:, "so"), мислим (
2410:, "what's it "),
2362:, "some kind "),
2326:, "here it is"),
2211:("to sum it up").
1685:, "then", "so"),
1248:) is also common.
1002:t'sais veux dire?
154:placeholder names
142:hesitation marker
126:
125:
118:
100:
3719:
3665:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3632:. Archived from
3618:
3596:
3595:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3365:
3347:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3246:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3191:
3185:
3178:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3018:rwyt ti'n gwybod
3014:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2831:("meaning..."),
2830:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2786:
2780:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2618:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2589:American Spanish
2586:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2465:, "means"), па (
2464:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2194:
2191:
2181:
2178:
2168:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2072:, "thing"), and
2071:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1842:Mandarin Chinese
1836:
1830:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1788:
1782:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1610:
1604:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1425:
1419:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1172:and the younger
1167:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1010:
1004:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
937:
928:In Metropolitan
924:
918:
912:
906:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
844:
831:
825:
812:
806:
800:
794:
789:("come on") and
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
714:
708:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
646:
640:
634:
621:
611:
605:
599:
593:
590:
577:
572:
571:
566:
561:
560:
548:
542:
541:
536:
530:
529:
524:
518:
517:
512:
506:
505:
500:
494:
493:
488:
482:
481:
476:
470:
469:
464:
458:
457:
445:
432:
426:
420:
419:
407:
402:
401:
396:
391:
390:
385:
380:
379:
374:
369:
368:
356:
346:
340:
335:
334:
325:
320:
319:
314:
309:
308:
273:
267:
261:
242:
235:
228:
221:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3697:
3696:
3684:Wayback Machine
3639:
3637:
3616:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3556:
3552:
3543:
3541:
3530:
3526:
3517:
3515:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3471:
3467:
3458:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3437:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3413:
3411:
3399:
3395:
3345:
3339:
3335:
3326:
3324:
3321:The Independent
3315:
3314:
3310:
3301:
3299:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3264:
3260:
3244:1854/LU-8747324
3215:
3211:
3192:
3188:
3179:
3172:
3167:
3129:
3121:how many angels
3112:
3106:
3042:rwyt ti'n gweld
2983:Welsh (Cymraeg)
2717:eh jag vet inte
2629:("right?") and
2510:("simply"), or
2374:, "well, so"),
2199:("generally"),
2022:ikkje/ikke sant
1823:Maltese English
1468:Hiberno-English
1318:[ɦuːm̩]
1267:, "it means"),
1206:"that means"),
1084:modal particles
606:("therefore"),
537:, 'it means'),
328:Moroccan Arabic
249:
209:
178:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3725:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3695:
3694:
3666:
3619:
3615:, May 6, 1995
3604:
3603:External links
3601:
3598:
3597:
3570:(2): 205–244.
3550:
3524:
3500:
3487:
3465:
3444:
3420:
3393:
3363:10.1.1.10.8339
3356:(2): 123–147.
3333:
3308:
3283:
3277:978-0205032280
3276:
3258:
3229:: 156, 54–67.
3209:
3186:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3128:
3125:
3108:Main article:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3051:— ‘you see’);
2979:
2972:
2917:
2850:
2819:
2803:ikkada entante
2788:
2769:
2672:
2575:
2539:
2536:Eastern Slovak
2486:
2447:
2299:slova-parazity
2293:слова-паразиты
2284:
2237:
2212:
2182:(like English
2145:
2108:
2042:
1983:("in a way"),
1959:
1922:, "meaning"),
1904:
1873:
1838:
1815:
1790:
1771:
1758:("you know"),
1734:
1667:
1612:
1593:
1568:, or "well"),
1526:
1483:("um", "uh"),
1471:
1451:("well"), and
1427:
1408:
1383:
1379:ha úgy tetszik
1370:(a variant of
1364:(well...) and
1340:
1291:, "that") and
1276:kya kehte hain
1249:
1142:
1087:
1034:
1027:("like"), and
1008:allez une fois
983:("you know"),
926:
895:
846:
833:
814:
777:("actually"),
753:
716:
697:
648:
623:
612:("it means"),
579:
550:
525:, 'this') and
447:
434:
409:
397:("c'mon") and
358:
315:("means") and
298:
287:
248:
245:
208:
205:
177:
174:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3724:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3673:Boyd H. Davis
3670:
3669:Nino Amiridze
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3613:New Scientist
3610:
3607:
3606:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3540:on 2016-10-08
3539:
3535:
3528:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3490:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3469:
3454:
3448:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3397:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3279:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3213:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3170:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2957:
2945:
2933:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2902:
2890:
2878:
2866:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2804:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2778:paatheenga-na
2774:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2714:(for example
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2681:utfyllnadsord
2677:
2673:
2671:, and others.
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2300:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2271:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2185:
2177:
2172:
2164:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:("like") and
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2094:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2007:("like") and
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1891:, "now") and
1889:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1861:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:("meaning"),
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1695:
1683:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1319:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1277:
1270:क्या कहते हैं
1265:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1234:
1224:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1103:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1059:
1053:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1003:
998:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
965:("you see"),
963:
957:
951:
945:
936:
931:
927:
923:
917:
911:
905:
900:
896:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
851:
847:
843:
838:
834:
830:
826:("well") and
824:
819:
815:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
758:
754:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
721:
717:
713:
707:
702:
698:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
653:
649:
645:
639:
633:
628:
624:
620:
615:
610:
604:
598:
589:
584:
580:
576:
565:
555:
551:
547:
535:
523:
511:
499:
487:
475:
463:
452:
448:
444:
439:
435:
431:
425:
414:
410:
406:
395:
386:, ("maybe"),
384:
373:
363:
359:
355:
350:
345:
339:
329:
324:
313:
303:
299:
296:
292:
288:
285:
281:
277:
272:
266:
260:
255:
251:
250:
244:
239:
232:
225:
218:
214:
204:
202:
201:
194:
192:
188:
184:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
3656:(1): 35–71.
3653:
3649:
3640:December 11,
3638:. Retrieved
3634:the original
3627:
3612:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3542:. Retrieved
3538:the original
3527:
3516:. Retrieved
3513:www.ntnu.edu
3512:
3503:
3492:. Retrieved
3478:
3475:
3468:
3457:. Retrieved
3447:
3436:. Retrieved
3432:
3423:
3412:. Retrieved
3406:
3396:
3353:
3349:
3336:
3325:. Retrieved
3323:. 2017-04-04
3320:
3311:
3300:. Retrieved
3296:
3286:
3267:
3261:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3138:Interjection
3120:
3116:
3113:
2797:ఇక్కడ ఏంటంటే
2750:(comes from
2726:(comes from
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2610:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2557:("right?"),
2470:
2466:
2422:, "kinda"),
2277:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2183:
2170:
2035:(comes from
1867:
1857:
1811:ennu vechaal
1608:enappa andre
1605:for "also",
1544:, or "um"),
1336:[äː]
1216:, "so") and
1196:, short for
1174:Generation X
1129:, "so") and
801:("well") or
690:("simply"),
641:("so"), and
629:, the words
613:
349:Iraqi Arabic
294:
279:
275:
237:
230:
223:
216:
212:
210:
198:
195:
190:
186:
182:
179:
165:
157:
149:
145:
141:
138:filled pause
137:
133:
127:
112:
106:January 2007
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
3707:Linguistics
3686:, editors.
3110:Wh-movement
2944:flana flana
2938:فلانا فلانا
2904:, "this"),
2880:, "well"),
2837:("thing"),
2359:(nu) takoye
2338:, "this"),
2267:), whereas
2060:, "look"),
2038:skjønner du
1974:altso/altså
1721:, "this"),
1709:, "that"),
1697:, "that"),
1501:("there"),
1321:), अ (a, ),
1170:Millennials
657:slovní vata
549:, 'right').
513:, 'well'),
501:, 'thus'),
477:, 'well'),
375:("thing"),
170:wh-movement
158:thingamajig
130:linguistics
3701:Categories
3544:2019-04-08
3518:2020-08-26
3494:2019-04-08
3488:9027247595
3459:2019-04-08
3438:2017-12-17
3414:2017-12-17
3327:2020-03-28
3302:2020-03-28
3165:References
2892:, "and"),
2584:muletillas
2572:pravzaprav
2563:("well"),
2504:("this"),
2498:("that"),
2443:ponimayesh
2437:понимаешь?
2353:(ну) такое
2203:("like"),
2112:Portuguese
2001:("well"),
1986:berre/bare
1738:Lithuanian
1495:("like"),
1412:Indonesian
1395:("here").
1373:azt mondja
1203:zot omeret
1079:eigentlich
959:("well"),
947:("what"),
907:("like"),
882:("like"),
876:("what"),
405:vonts' vor
207:In English
156:, such as
76:newspapers
3592:148769172
3584:0954-3945
3358:CiteSeerX
3297:ThoughtCo
3253:182739572
3154:So (word)
3104:In syntax
3072:o'r gorau
3036:ch'wel(d)
2956:haan haan
2854:Ukrainian
2702:("yes"),
2398:, "so"),
2314:, "eh"),
2160:and also
2028:Trøndelag
1989:("just")
1963:Norwegian
1877:Mongolian
1805:athayathu
1794:Malayalam
1761:ta prasme
1442:("say"),
1440:/ˈabˠəɾʲ/
1387:Icelandic
1367:asszongya
1344:Hungarian
1230: (
1220: (
1210: (
1198:זאת אומרת
1193:zt'omeret
1190: (
1180: (
1162: (
1152: (
818:Esperanto
774:eigenlijk
696:("like").
619:diguem-ne
564:zik1 hai6
554:Cantonese
489:, 'so'),
451:Bulgarian
347:(so). In
323:wallāh(i)
254:Afrikaans
3680:Archived
3646:Citing
3408:BBC News
3388:10985337
3380:11575901
3127:See also
3030:t'wel(d)
2815:tarwatha
2241:Romanian
2205:w sensie
2132:("so"),
1869:hǎoxiàng
1780:apa nama
1530:Japanese
1404:þú veist
1300:aisā hai
1223:bekitsur
1200:
1013:Wallonia
850:Filipino
837:Estonian
810:weet je?
792:zeg maar
783:("so"),
684:("so"),
627:Croatian
600:("so"),
383:Miguts'e
362:Armenian
150:crutches
3433:UniLang
3429:"yanni"
3133:Aizuchi
3084:dyna ni
2997:, from
2950:ہاں ہاں
2823:Turkish
2784:apparam
2676:Swedish
2644:en plan
2579:Spanish
2543:Slovene
2451:Serbian
2407:kak ego
2401:как его
2288:Russian
2250:/detʃʲ/
2233:mat̤lab
2216:Punjabi
2209:w sumie
2081:masalan
2046:Persian
1819:Maltese
1718:uşureki
1712:ушуреки
1654:), and
1597:Kannada
1475:Italian
1458:/ˈɛɾˠə/
1423:apa sih
1294:ऐसा है।
992:du coup
986:eh bien
974:tu sais
962:tu vois
899:Finnish
720:Dhivehi
609:o sigui
603:llavors
583:Catalan
438:Bislama
413:Bengali
378:Միգուցե
284:English
146:planner
90:scholar
3692:Review
3675:, and
3590:
3582:
3485:
3386:
3378:
3360:
3274:
3251:
3078:’na ni
3057:(from
3012:ch'mod
3000:onid e
2913:toy-vo
2907:той-во
2809:తర్వాత
2792:Telugu
2759:liksom
2741:alltså
2626:¿Vale?
2568:bistvu
2507:proste
2490:Slovak
2471:mislim
2431:kak by
2425:как бы
2383:značit
2377:значит
2281:/dʒɛn/
2193:/vjeʂ/
2149:Polish
2010:er det
2004:liksom
1931:chaine
1908:Nepali
1799:അതായതു
1706:janağı
1700:жанагы
1694:bayağı
1671:Kyrgyz
1616:Korean
1522:ebbene
1486:allora
1466:as in
1449:/wɛlʲ/
1288:woh na
1264:matlab
1245:yaʿani
1233:yaʿanu
1218:בקיצור
1188:זתומרת
1183:ke'ilu
1146:Hebrew
1120:λοιπόν
1076:, and
1038:German
997:France
980:t'sais
930:French
913:, and
904:niinku
879:parang
870:, and
804:(a)wel
765:, and
737:ehkala
701:Danish
687:prostě
534:znachi
522:takova
516:такова
400:ոնց որ
354:shisma
302:Arabic
278:, and
268:, and
166:filler
134:filler
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
3588:S2CID
3384:S2CID
3346:(PDF)
3249:S2CID
3060:felly
3006:t'mod
2846:falan
2773:Tamil
2720:) or
2665:bueno
2621:Spain
2616:o sea
2554:a ne?
2513:akože
2501:tento
2462:znači
2456:значи
2274:/pəj/
2201:jakby
2189:wiesz
2129:então
2093:yaʿni
2057:bebin
1955:haina
1919:maane
1900:nögöö
1894:нөгөө
1775:Malay
1755:žinai
1688:баягы
1602:matte
1445:bhoil
1436:abair
1431:Irish
1392:hérna
1282:वो ना
1253:Hindi
1178:כאילו
1126:lipon
1091:Greek
1062:/zoː/
1030:style
1024:comme
1018:genre
922:vittu
910:tuota
885:diba?
786:allez
757:Dutch
749:alhey
722:,
709:and
681:takže
652:Czech
644:znači
638:dakle
614:saps?
597:doncs
528:значи
510:dobre
504:добре
430:thuri
312:yaʿni
241:/ɜːm/
189:, or
176:Usage
97:JSTOR
83:books
3642:2008
3580:ISSN
3483:ISBN
3376:PMID
3272:ISBN
3198:and
3143:Like
3093:and
3066:iawn
3054:'lly
3045:and
3033:and
3021:and
3009:and
2994:yndê
2968:acha
2962:اچھا
2932:yani
2926:یعنی
2921:Urdu
2901:tsey
2840:işte
2828:yani
2762:and
2735:asså
2729:bara
2690:or
2669:como
2638:pues
2632:¿no?
2606:este
2591:are
2522:(or
2482:ovaj
2476:овај
2419:tipa
2413:типа
2347:togo
2341:того
2246:deci
2227:मतलब
2221:مطلب
2184:well
2180:/nɔ/
2135:tipo
2087:يعني
2075:مثلا
2069:chiz
2051:ببین
2033:/ʃø/
2016:sant
1943:chai
1925:चैने
1913:माने
1888:odoo
1882:одоо
1828:mela
1821:and
1767:tipo
1682:anan
1676:анан
1627:eung
1516:bene
1504:cioè
1498:ecco
1492:tipo
1420:and
1398:Þúst
1312:hoon
1258:मतलब
1239:يعني
1228:יענו
1138:kala
1132:καλά
1073:halt
1047:/ɛː/
944:quoi
891:ayun
746:and
743:dhen
725:aney
693:jako
669:čili
632:ovaj
575:gam2
546:nali
540:нали
498:taka
492:така
474:amii
468:амии
427:and
418:ইয়ে
338:z3ma
333:زعمة
307:يعني
236:and
234:/ɜː/
227:/ʌm/
222:and
200:like
132:, a
69:news
3658:doi
3572:doi
3368:doi
3239:hdl
3231:doi
3227:156
3117:saw
3090:ym…
2991:or
2988:'dê
2981:In
2974:In
2919:In
2895:цей
2852:In
2834:şey
2821:In
2790:In
2771:In
2765:typ
2753:vad
2738:or
2708:or
2705:ehm
2687:öhm
2674:In
2649:che
2611:uhm
2577:In
2548:pač
2541:In
2525:izí
2519:izé
2495:oné
2488:In
2449:In
2395:tak
2389:так
2335:èto
2329:это
2323:vot
2317:вот
2311:è-è
2305:э-э
2286:In
2278:gen
2270:păi
2264:ăăă
2259:/ə/
2239:In
2214:In
2186:),
2167:/ɛ/
2163:eee
2158:/ɨ/
2154:yyy
2147:In
2141:bem
2123:hum
2110:In
2063:چیز
2044:In
1998:vel
1961:In
1949:हैन
1946:),
1937:चैं
1934:),
1906:In
1879:,
1875:In
1859:jiù
1840:In
1817:In
1792:In
1786:itu
1773:In
1736:In
1730:eme
1724:эме
1673:,
1669:In
1663:eum
1651:geu
1642:),
1630:),
1614:In
1595:In
1553:ano
1541:ēto
1535:ええと
1528:In
1519:or
1510:be'
1480:ehm
1473:In
1463:emm
1454:era
1429:In
1417:anu
1410:In
1385:In
1361:nos
1355:hát
1342:In
1306:हूँ
1251:In
1160:אֶם
1150:אֶה
1144:In
1117:),
1105:),
1089:In
1067:tja
1036:In
956:ben
950:bah
939:/ø/
935:euh
897:In
873:ano
848:In
842:nii
835:In
816:In
798:nou
768:dus
762:ehm
755:In
731:mee
718:In
712:øhm
699:In
678:or
675:tak
650:In
625:In
592:/ə/
581:In
552:In
486:tui
480:тъй
465:),
449:In
436:In
424:yay
411:In
394:ēli
389:էլի
372:ban
367:բան
360:In
344:ewa
300:In
289:In
252:In
238:erm
220:/ʌ/
215:or
144:or
128:In
52:by
3703::
3671:,
3654:19
3652:.
3626:.
3611:,
3586:.
3578:.
3568:29
3566:.
3562:.
3511:.
3431:.
3405:.
3382:.
3374:.
3366:.
3354:44
3352:.
3348:.
3319:.
3295:.
3247:.
3237:.
3225:.
3221:.
3200:um
3196:Uh
3173:^
3096:y…
2985:,
2923:,
2877:nu
2871:ну
2856:,
2825:,
2794:,
2775:,
2747:va
2723:ba
2711:eh
2699:ja
2696:,
2693:öh
2667:,
2663:,
2661:am
2659:,
2603:,
2600:em
2597:,
2560:no
2545:,
2531:Ta
2492:,
2467:pa
2453:,
2371:nu
2365:ну
2243:,
2230:,
2218:,
2176:no
2171:um
2126:,
2120:,
2114:,
2104:eh
2099:اه
2048:,
2031:,
1977:,
1971:,
1968:eh
1910:,
1866:;
1864:好像
1856:;
1850:那个
1848:;
1846:那個
1834:la
1825:,
1796:,
1752:,
1749:am
1746:,
1743:nu
1740:,
1639:eo
1618:,
1599:,
1583:ええ
1577:sō
1571:そう
1565:ma
1547:あの
1433:,
1414:,
1358:,
1339:).
1333:,
1330:aa
1315:,
1255:,
1242:,
1213:az
1208:אז
1165:em
1155:eh
1148:,
1114:em
1108:εμ
1093:,
1070:,
1064:,
1058:so
1055:,
1052:hm
1049:,
1043:äh
977:,
953:,
932:,
916:öö
901:,
867:ay
864:,
861:eh
858:,
855:ah
852:,
839:,
829:do
823:nu
820:,
780:zo
759:,
740:,
734:,
728:,
706:øh
703:,
672:,
594:,
588:eh
585:,
559:即係
462:uh
443:ah
440:,
415:,
364:,
351:,
330:,
318:وﷲ
304:,
295:UM
293:,
286:).
280:uh
276:um
271:uh
265:um
262:,
259:ah
256:,
231:er
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187:er
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