Fiat G.91 - Knowledge

1211: 878: 1200: 1641: 1814: 38: 395:, leading to a series of investigative flights to resolve this condition. On 20 February 1957, during a test flight intended to explore the limits of the aircraft's speed-load envelope, difficulties led to the destruction of the first G.91 prototype. The cause of the prototype's loss was linked to problems encountered with the horizontal control system which had led to structural failure; this led to the tail assembly being subjected to rigorous testing to identify the cause of the failure. 2128: 2116: 2104: 193:-bomber (officially, the competition was seeking a "Light Weight Strike Fighter") to be adopted as standard equipment across the air forces of the various NATO nations. The G.91 was specifically designed to fulfil the requirements of this competition, being relatively lightweight and capable of operating from austere airstrips while also being armoured and suitably armed while remaining relatively affordable in comparison to many frontline fighters. On 9 August 1956, the 1184: 294: 1616: 1458: 760: 1561: 1469: 3925: 3949: 1584: 1164: 3937: 552: 372:

result of the G.91's selection, an immediate order was received for three prototypes and a total of 27 pre-production aircraft. Fiat quickly set about developing the concept to the prototype phase; noticeable changes in the design occurred during this phase, such as increases in the aircraft's maximum weight due to the addition of supplementary equipment and structural strengthening measures.

403: 1806: 1063: 465:, Italy. In total, Fiat constructed 174 G.91s of various variants for Italy, along with an additional 144 G.91 R/3 variants for West Germany (including 50 that had been ordered and then cancelled by Greece and Turkey). The first order was for 50 aircraft from Aeritalia, then Dornier and other German firms had an order for 232 machines, which was later increased to 294. The 391:, Italy; it was flown by Chief Test Pilot Riccardo Bignamini. Accordingly, the G.91 had achieved a seven-month head start over the Dassault prototype and almost a year ahead of the Breguet Taon. An intensive series of test flights followed the type's maiden flight, these were not without setbacks. The most serious problem discovered during these was the presence of 1155:(HAF) for evaluation purposes. The G.91 R/4 variant, of which 25 aircraft were intended to be delivered to both Greece and Turkey, employed the same armament as the G.91 R/1 while using the equipment of the R/3 variant. However, both Greece and Turkey would ultimately not induct any G.91s, these aircraft were instead passed onto Germany's inventory instead. 399:

the installation of a full armament and a more powerful Orpheus engine capable of 4,850 lbf. In July 1957, the second prototype performed its first flight; it was not immediately sent to participate in the final evaluation process. Both the third and fourth G.91 prototypes were later sent to France to continue the evaluation flights.

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had intended to equip a further four wings with the G.91R/3; however, initial operating experience with the type had allegedly left the Luftwaffe disappointed with the aircraft's performance and thus the intended further orders for the type were cut. A number of Luftwaffe G.91s were emblazoned with a

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Given the large economic and commercial interests at stake, there was a certain amount of controversy surrounding this decision. After the loss of the first G.91 prototype, the French government preferred to pursue development of the locally designed Étendard instead. The British government similarly

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A target tug variant was developed with an under-wing pylon mounted winch and target drogue. The drogue being attached to an extension of the winch around the trailing edge, above the wing. Other modifications included a large blade aerial above the centre fuselage and an anti-collision light at the

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In 1965, as the scale of fighting increased, Portugal attempted to purchase 100 surplus Canadian built Sabre Mk 6s from West Germany, but instead, it was offered 40 G.91R/4s, which had originally been built for Greece and Turkey and which differed from the rest of the Luftwaffe G.91s sufficiently to

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The re-engineering work that had been performed to cure the vibration problem was very extensive and resulted in the second prototype being fitted with a larger tail, a six cm (two in) higher canopy, and the addition of a ventral fin. The second prototype had other modifications, including

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In April 1958, following a meeting of NATO defence ministers, an agreement was formed that the G.91 would be the first NATO lightweight strike fighter, and that it was to be followed in 1961 by "a developed version" of the Breguet Taon. In May 1958, a production meeting was scheduled to discuss the

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variants were produced right from the start of G.91 production, but the basic design of the aircraft remained virtually unchanged throughout almost the entire production run of the aircraft. The one major difference is that the R series aircraft were single-seaters, while the T series aircraft had

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For the purpose of readily carrying out operations from austere airstrips, Fiat developed purpose-built ground support equipment for the easy and rapid servicing of the aircraft. Specifically, the equipment needed to inspect, maintain, resupply, and repair the G.91 were designed to possess minimal

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in early 1973, these immediately became a threat to Portuguese air superiority. On 25 March 1973, and 28 March, two FAP G.91s were shot down by missiles within three days, with a further two lost to conventional ground fire later in the year. (By comparison, only two G.91s had been lost in Guinea

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fitted on the wing. Both weapons and ammunition in the armament bay were mounted on panel doors, which could be easily removed and quickly swapped by two men during rearming on the ground. In addition, various access panels are incorporated to enable simple field maintenance duties to be readily

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production of the aircraft with financial support from the United States; the Americans would provide some of the finance for the French, German and Italian aircraft, in addition to paying for the Turkish aircraft. The defence ministers reached an agreement to order 50 aircraft for each country.

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On 3 June 1955, it was announced that the Fiat G.91 had been selected as the design with the most promise. Out of the submissions, the two winning projects were, in order: the Breguet Br.1001 Taon and the Fiat G.91. A third aircraft design was subsequently added: the Dassault Mystère XXVI. As a

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forces. FRELIMO also received Strelas in 1973, although unlike elsewhere, the Portuguese in Mozambique did not lose any aircraft to missiles with Chinese support, even if it forced Portuguese pilots to change their tactics. The only G.91 destroyed in combat in Mozambique was the serial number

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in Angola and Mozambique. The G.91 remained in production for 19 years, during which a total of 756 aircraft were completed, including the prototypes and pre-production models. The assembly lines were finally closed in 1977. The G.91 was also used as a basis for a twin-engined derivative: the

500:; Messerschmitt produced the forward fuselage and tail assembly, Dornier manufactured the center fuselage along with final assembly and flight testing, while Heinkel fabricated the wing. The G.91 holds the distinction of being the first combat aircraft to be manufactured in Germany since the 926:

became the first operational G.91 unit to achieve active status; in late May 1962, this same unit proceeded to carry out its first operational training flights. During 1962 and 1963, the Luftwaffe conducted a series of trials to determine the capabilities of the type in terms of austere and

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and capable of operating with minimal ground support. These specifications were developed for two reasons: the first was the nuclear threat to large air bases, many cheaper aircraft could be better dispersed, and the other was to counter the trend towards larger and more expensive aircraft.

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units in a "completely re-engineered structure" giving 60% more power and doubling the tankage for increased range with 75% more payload. The G.91Y first flew on 12 December 1966 and displayed an improvement in speed, range, payload, and manoeuvrability. The maximum speed was increased to

313: 0.95, a range of 280 km (170 mi) with 10 minutes over the target while possessing a maximum of 2,200 kg (4,850 lb) empty weight and 4,700 kg (10,360 lb) max weight. Equipment requirements were the presence of armoured protection for the pilot and the 1010:

in August 1961, prior to the outbreak of major fighting, but was forced to withdraw the jet fighters back to Europe owing to pressure from the United States and the United Nations, who imposed an arms embargo. This left a gap in air cover for Portugal's African colonies, both in the

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for the same purpose. The standard mission of the G.91 was the attack of targets within a 170-mile radius of its base with a typical loiter time of ten minutes, travelling at maximum speed in the combat area and traversing at cruise speeds. The G.91 is typically powered by a single

966:. When the initial training programme was completed, all R/4 aircraft were retired in 1966 and 40 surviving airframes were sold to Portugal. Other R/4 aircraft remained in Germany and were transferred to ground instructional use or for static displays at recruitment presentations. 1111:

disassembling the aircraft and then selling them as spare parts to Switzerland and Spain. These spare parts would be later sold to Portugal and assembled locally with different serial numbers. However, the deal did not follow through as the German government vetoed it.

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then at the start of development in the UK. Development of this engine was aided by substantial contribution from the US Mutual Weapons Development Programme. Nine of the ten designs to be subsequently submitted for the competition were powered by the Orpheus engine.

422:, in France, the three rival aircraft types met for evaluation trials. During these trials, the Italian aircraft is claimed to have delivered an impressive performance. In January 1958, the Fiat G.91 was officially declared the winner of the competition. 575:

that was designed for both simplicity and agility. A key function of the aircraft is its short-field capability, having been constructed with a rugged airframe to withstand the demands imposed by high-intensity operations and the use of semi-prepared

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production for the same role. The Italian government had elected to order the G.91 for the Italian Air Force prior to the results of the competition being known. These pre-production machines would later go on to serve for many years with the Italian

1123:, with the new government seeking to grant its colonies independence. Portugal withdrew its G.91s from Guinea when it was granted independence in 1974, with its forces also leaving Mozambique. One of the G.91 squadrons was briefly deployed to 698:, which uses an all-metal two-spar structure; the outer panels can all be detached for transportation or easy replacement, while the center section is integral with the fuselage. It is swept at a 37-degree angle at quarter-chord with a 339:(AGARD) committee conducted extensive evaluations. The designs were required within two months of the competition, in which time an assortment of submissions were made, mainly by European companies. Besides the G.91, these included the 1106:

In 1973, with the United Nations weapons embargo against Portugal, the Air Force faced problems purchasing further numbers of close air support aircraft. An attempt was then made to acquire more Fiat G.91s from Germany by having

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fleet consisted of 310 G.91 R/3 and 40 G.91T aircraft; by 1976, only 20 of the G.91 R/3 aircraft had been lost to accidents, a loss rate of 6 per cent. During the early 1980s, the G.91 R/3 was replaced in German service by the

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The G.91 was also considered by a number of nations, including Austria, Norway, and Switzerland. During early 1961, four G.91s were shipped to the United States in order to participate in a formal evaluation program for the

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service in from 1980 to 1982, giving a total of 70 R/3s and 26 T/3s, although not all of these entered service, with many being broken up for spare parts. Portugal finally phased out the last of its G.91s in 1993.

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Fifty G.91 R/4 aircraft were taken up from a cancelled Greek/Turkish order but were deemed to be unsuitable for operational use. Alternatively, these were used as training aircraft and were operated solely by

1750: 277:. In December 1953, NATO Supreme Command issued specifications for a new light tactical support aircraft. European manufacturers were invited to submit their designs for this requested 3033: 1103:, flown by Lt. Emilio Lourenço: his plane was destroyed and Lourenço killed by a premature detonation of its bombs while flying a strike against rebel positions on 15 March 1973. 2017:

4× under-wing pylon stations with a capacity of 680 kg (1,500 lb) for G.91R/3 & R/4 and 500 kg (1,100 lb) for G.91R/1, with provisions to carry combinations of:

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An additional 67 aircraft built by Aeritalia were significantly different from earlier versions. These single-seat aircraft, based on the longer trainer version, designated

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In late 1964, the first batch of two-seater G.91T/1 aircraft, which had lengthened fuselage to accommodate an additional seat for training purposes, was delivered to the

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In 1976, a second purchase of 14 G.91 R/3s and 7 G.91 T/3 trainers was made from Germany, which were followed by further aircraft when the G.91 was withdrawn from

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for trialling the austere basing capabilities of the G.91, including operating from various types of terrain. The unit also performed exercises in the vicinity of

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began its first training courses for pilot instructors. Of these, 22 aircraft were built by Dornier between 1971 and 1973; this variant were used to train

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The challenge of providing an engine that matched the requirements of lightness and power, reliability and ease of maintenance was solved by using the

1548: 907: 862:(Amendola flying school for advanced jet training). These aircraft were used for the further training of pilots that had recently graduated from the 1786: 285:, hence the "G" designation. The competition was intended to produce an aircraft that was light, small, expendable, equipped with basic weapons and 833:

were replaced by production standard G.91 R/1 combat aircraft; thus 16 of the pre-production aircraft were converted for service with the Italian

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weight and size to facilitate transportation. Fiat also completed a study to add hooks onto the aircraft for the purpose compatibility with

3638: 3608: 3603: 3293: 3589: 3402: 1717: 719: 2814: 2779: 911:(Weapons School 50). On 20 July 1961, the first Dornier-built G.91 performed its first flight. The G.91R/3 equipped four newly formed 787:" (Light Tactical Fighter Group), was formed for the purpose of conducting operational evaluation of the aircraft, initially based at 359:. On 18 March 1953, these submitted designs formally began to be assessed by the AGARD committee, which was under the chairmanship of 855:. The G.91 PAN reportedly accumulated roughly 1,500 flight hours per year, and had an average efficiency in excess of 90 per cent. 3974: 3755: 3266: 1051:

from 1966 to 1973.) A final G.91 was lost to a missile on 31 January 1974, while Strelas were also responsible for the loss of a

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for further increased short field performance; a number of production aircraft in Luftwaffe service were outfitted as such.

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The final selection of the competing designs was planned for late 1957. In September 1957, at the Centre d'Essais en Vol at

3984: 1128: 818:. This unit had its role shifted to tactical support, because its groups were 14mo, 103mo (dispatched from 5 A/B to this 671: 619:(IFF); the nose typically contained a total of three cameras. The cockpit is positioned directly above the chin-mounted 3748: 1526: 457:

By 1957, Fiat Aviazione was in the process of establishing the first production line for the G.91 at their facility at

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In order to evaluate the bids that various aircraft manufacturers submitted in response, a special Advisory Group for

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Projected variant with revised wing and 31.4 kN (7,050 lbf) B.Or.12 Orpheus or Fiat 4032 engine, not built.

653:, which are protected against damage from ground fire by armour plating. The armament bay can accommodate up to four 599:

design manufactured in three sections. The forward section, which was produced separate to the others before being

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along with alternative arrangements of 4 × 12.7 mm (.5 in) machine guns or 2 × 20 mm or 30 mm

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A projected version with improved undercarriage, revised avionics, increased tankage and weapon load, for Italy.

1260:(BS – Battle Surveillance) Derived from the G.91T with improved avionics and photographic equipment, not built. 788: 3740: 2871: 480:

The German order involved a production run of 294 G.91s that were domestically constructed in Germany under a

3835: 201:. After reviewing multiple submissions, the G.91 was picked as the winning design of the NBMR-1 competition. 17: 807:, in the presence of NATO officials; during this stage of the trials, German pilots also flew the aircraft. 3794: 916: 649:

The center fuselage section houses the armament bay, which is set beneath the cockpit, and the seven split

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received their first two Fiat-built G.91 R/3 aircraft. An initial five G.91R/3 aircraft were delivered to

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On 20 February 1958, the first pre-production G.91 conducted its maiden flight. In August 1958, the 103mo

3259: 3218: 3206: 3133: 2932: 2908: 2697: 2324: 3011: 660: 527:; these aircraft were subjected to several evaluation trials, the majority of which taking place within 3989: 3915: 2396: 2182: 1377: 983: 235: 843:; these conversions, which had their armament removed and other modifications such as the addition of 392: 608: 321:. These operational specifications were viewed as not being straightforward to fulfil at that time. 305:

distance over a 15 m (49 ft) obstacle, the capability to operate from semi-prepared grass

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aircraft. However, the service subsequently relinquished all fixed-wing aircraft operations to the

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Similar to the G.91R/3, but armed with four 12.7 mm (0.5 in) Colt-Browning machine guns.

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A single aircraft modified from a pre-production aircraft with extra navigation equipment such as

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two seats. To accommodate the extra seat, the T series aircraft had a slightly longer fuselage.

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The all-metal fuselage uses conventional and straightforward construction methods, being a semi-

344: 3969: 3856: 3851: 3252: 1966: 1311: 1116: 974:"pig" emblem, this has been interpreted as a comment on the aircraft's lacklustre performance. 715: 604: 63: 603:

to the centre fuselage, contains various radio navigation and communication equipment such as

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T.O. NATO 1RF-G91-R4-2-1 Technical Manual Organizational Maintenance General Airplane G91-R4

935:, to test the G.91's versatility and operational efficiency within such climate conditions. 915:(light attack wings), often being used to replace older aircraft such as the American-built 3825: 3308: 3285: 3229: 2401: 2064: 1630: 1424: 1283: 1176: 1120: 612: 356: 218: 98: 419: 8: 3902: 3531: 3482: 3453: 2162: 1461:

Operators of the G.91 in dark blue, cancelled orders in light blue, evaluations in yellow

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which operated in the same role; the last G.91 aircraft were officially retired in 1982.

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Etching commemorating the last flight of the G.91R from Treviso airport (April 9,1992)

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Light attack/reconnaissance aircraft, fitted with modified nose housing three cameras.

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From 1961, Portugal became involved in fighting against nationalist movements in its

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Video of various low passes and other manoeuvres conducted by Frecce Tricolori G.91s

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Close up of an Orpheus engine installed on a Fiat G.91 with the rear section removed

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An additional 45 G.91 T/3 Fiat-built two-seat trainer aircraft were ordered for the

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with 125 rounds per gun. All the aircraft built served with the Italian Air Force.

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create maintenance problems in exchange for allowing Germany to build and use an

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and being finally withdrawn in 1995. It was displaced by newer types such as the

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with the balance of the order divided between operational units. In early 1961,

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Niccoli, Riccardo. "Gina's Story: The Aeritalia-Fiat G.91 Family, Part One".

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Proposed trainer version, fitted with cockpit instrumentation similar to the

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The specified technical requirements included a 1,100 m (3,610 ft)

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A single R/3 modified with JATO rockets and arrestor hook for the Luftwaffe:

3929: 3083:(In Action No.1013). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1974. 2187: 2167: 2068: 1889: 1882: 1474: 1215: 1020: 804: 635: 340: 1599:

operated 31 Fiat G.91, 97 Fiat G.91R and 103 Fiat G.91T/1 retired in 1995

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The cockpit of a G.91 R1 in the Istituto Tecnico Industriale Aeronautico,

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role. The G.91 was designed to this specification by the Italian engineer

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A single prototype, built to test wing slats and fuel tanks in the wings.

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alongside newly developed concepts of aerial cooperation, the members of

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A Matra Type 116M rocket launcher mounted on a G.91 on display at the

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unfavourable climate performance, including an overseas deployment to

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A single conversion of a Luftwaffe T/3 with a data acquisition probe.

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in the following year. Various other nations adopted it, such as the

194: 175: 72: 1135:) forces, being finally withdrawn back to Portugal in January 1975. 1034:, and being used for reconnaissance and close support with rockets, 759: 477:

and another 22 were produced in Germany, ending production in 1972.

363:. The initial project selection process took 18 months to complete. 3618: 3520: 3461: 3352: 3347: 3342: 1920: 1794: 1768: 1621: 1043: 589: 577: 462: 328: 306: 286: 231: 2076: 1989: 1874: 1736: 1095: 1047: 932: 848: 800: 711: 679: 654: 528: 493: 302: 230:. The G.91 had a relatively lengthy service life, outlasting the 3244: 3110: 1163: 1131:(FNLA) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( 1127:

in late 1974, in order to try to prevent fighting between rival

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rebels. When the PAIGC started to be supplied with Soviet-made

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During 1961, the G.91 entered into operational service with the

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On 6 September 1961, the first G.91 R/4 was delivered to the

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with 120 rounds per cannon. Other munitions included various

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recognised a need to reequip their inventories with suitable

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Niccoli, Riccardo. "Fiat G.91, NATO's Lightweight Fighter."

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In 1995, the last G.91 was phased out and retired by Italy.

851:, and smoke tanks beneath the wings, were designated as the 663:

with 300 rounds of ammo per gun, or alternatively up to two

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Evaluation operator, four aircraft in service, but retired.

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A G.91 R1 in the Istituto Tecnico Industriale Aeronautico,

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for the engine. It is surrounded on three sides with steel

581: 266: 182: 2347: 2262: 1171:(60th Wing) is parked on the flight line while transiting 3061:

Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1966.

2378:"Frecce Tricolori Veteran Fiat G.91 PAN Returns to Italy" 2216: 1448:

Proposed version of the G.91Y for Switzerland, one built.

1318:. Armed with two 30 mm (1.181 in) DEFA cannons. 895:

for trials with subsequent deliveries being allocated to

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In 1961, the next operational unit to be formed was 14mo

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www.geschichte.luftwaffe.de Retrieved: 30 November 2010

1656:– Evaluated two aircraft (1 G.91R/1, 1 G.91R/3) in 1961. 822:) and 13mo (only in reserve). All of them were based at 535:. The US Army studied the use of the type as a possible 515:

agreement for the Orpheus engine that powered the type.

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designed and built by the Italian aircraft manufacturer

3046:. Maidenhead, Berkshire, UK: Sampson Low Guides, 1980. 16:"G91" redirects here. For the expressway in China, see 3105:. Atglen, Pennsylvania, USA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd. 1723:

Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci

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A German G.91, equipped for towing aerial targets, at

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Portuguese Air Force G.91 preserved at Sintra Air Base

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G.91s arrived in Portuguese Guinea in 1966, equipping

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Combat Aircraft of the World from 1909 to the Present

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A projected two-seat version of the G.91Y, not built.

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and nicknamed "Yankee", replaced the original single

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Projected supersonic version of the G.91T, not built.

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Proposed version of the G.91Y for the AMI, not built.

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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

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Footage of Italian G.91 squadron operations in 1987

580:; the undercarriage is furnished with low-pressure 3172:, No. 65, September–October 1996, pp. 48–57. 829:During 1964, the pre-production aircraft of 103mo 631:is also armoured. The cockpit is furnished with a 1354:Trainer version of G.91R/1 for Italian Air Force. 702:of 10 per cent. The wing features single-slotted 3961: 1662:– Also an evaluation operator with two aircraft. 998:, the series of conflicts becoming known as the 881:Fiat G.91R/3 of LeKG 43 of the Luftwaffe in 1971 221:, who made extensive use of the type during the 3012:"Hispano Suiza Aircraft Rockets Type R 80 SURA" 2895: 2893: 2891: 2820:. 10 February 2008. Retrieved: 3 February 2010. 2304:. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing. p. 164. 1432:). The machine guns were replaced by a pair of 3086:Ferrari, Massimo. "Addio G.91R" (in Italian). 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2735: 2733: 2711: 2709: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2340: 2338: 2336: 3756: 3260: 3009: 2563: 2561: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2941: 2888: 2756: 2754: 2723: 2721: 2637: 2630: 2628: 2588: 2579: 2533: 2524: 2515: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2283: 2281: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 1428:1,110 km/h (690 mph, 600 kn, 189:competition started in 1953, which sought a 42:A Fiat G.91 at the Luftwaffe Museum in Gatow 3148:, No. 36, May–August 1988, pp. 61–72. 3142:Lopes, Mario Canongia. "Portugal's Ginas". 2841: 2823: 2789: 2763: 2742: 2730: 2706: 2597: 2484: 2439: 2333: 2330:, No. 2618 Volume 75, 27 March 1959. p. 22. 1938:1,075 km/h (668 mph, 580 kn) 3763: 3749: 3267: 3253: 3230:G.91 Specs & Photo at Flugzeuginfo.net 2570: 2558: 2542: 2493: 2477: 2475: 2448: 2430: 1336:A projected long-range version for Norway. 1214:A Portuguese G.91R/3 on static display at 511:Aeritalia also negotiated a comprehensive 430:ignored the competition to concentrate on 3235:Photos of G.91R-3 at Wolfgang Bredow page 2832: 2798: 2786:. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2010. 2751: 2718: 2646: 2625: 2384: 2325:"NATO Choice Highlights Orpheus Success." 2302:Not much of an engineer. An autobiography 2278: 2228: 1944:1,150 km (710 mi, 620 nmi) 1800: 1167:An Italian trainer Fiat G.91T of the 60° 1090:(Scorpions) forming in September 1970 at 791:. In 1959, the 103Mo were transferred to 722:system as well as hydraulically-actuated 406:A preserved G.91 on display at Seattle's 1812: 1804: 1751:Istituto Tecnico Industriale Aeronautico 1699:43.45920953597038°N 11.846322640054664°E 1456: 1266:Two-seat version of the BS/1, not built. 1209: 1198: 1182: 1162: 1061: 1002:. Portugal had deployed a detachment of 876: 758: 567:The Fiat G.91 is a lightweight tactical 550: 401: 366: 292: 3100: 3064:Crosby, Francis. "Fiat/Aeritalia G91." 2986:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage" 2914:, 20 June 1958. p. 857. gives 6,800lbf. 2869: 2863: 2472: 2423: 2421: 1248:Prototypes and pre-production aircraft. 519:produced the aircraft's undercarriage. 3962: 3187:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969. 3042:Angelucci, Enzo and Paolo Matricardi. 2909:"Italy: Fighters and Fighter-bombers." 2876:. Warpaint Books Ltd / Hall Park Books 2358:Angelucci and Matricardi 1980, p. 274. 2296: 2275:Angelucci and Matricardi 1980, p. 273. 2225:Angelucci and Matricardi 1980, p. 272. 1923:, 22.2 kN (5,000 lbf) thrust 1666: 1396:, converted from pre-production G.91s. 749: 642:and equipped with manually controlled 3744: 3248: 2977: 1962:331 kg/m (68 lb/sq ft) 1704:43.45920953597038; 11.846322640054664 1676:- G.91T/1 2-seat trainer (outdoor) - 901:(53rd Reconnaissance Group) based at 488:, a consortium of former competitors 337:Aeronautical Research and Development 3139:, 25 January 1957. pp. 111–114. 2983: 2780:Guiné (Portuguese Guinea), 1959–1974 2418: 2023:2× Matra rocket pods (each with 19× 261:As a result of experiences from the 1852:10.3 m (33 ft 10 in) 1129:National Liberation Front of Angola 1015:role, and in the air defence role. 25:Italian jet fighter-bomber aircraft 13: 3240:AirToAirCombat.Com: Aeritalia G.91 3119:German Military Aviation 1956–1976 2958:"Italian Air Force Aircraft Types" 1858:8.56 m (28 ft 1 in) 1527:Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 942:, the first 35 being allocated to 473:) also bought 44 G.91T/3 two-seat 14: 4006: 3274: 3219:"Mobile and Agile: the Fiat G.91" 3199: 1870:16.4 m (177 sq ft) 1314:, reconnaissance version for the 3947: 3935: 3923: 3183:Taylor, John W. R. "Fiat G.91". 3010:Hispano Suiza (30 August 1962), 2126: 2114: 2102: 1639: 1614: 1582: 1559: 1467: 181:The G.91 has its origins in the 36: 3079:Doll, Peter and Herman Dorner. 3026: 3003: 2968: 2950: 2926: 2917: 2902: 2807: 2772: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2409: 2370: 1956:30 m/s (5,900 ft/min) 1864:4 m (13 ft 1 in) 1820:Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr 1714:Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr 1392:Aerobatic display aircraft for 3975:1950s Italian fighter aircraft 3161:International Air Power Review 3068:. London: Lorenz Books, 2002. 2778:Cooper, Tom and Pedro Alvin. " 2361: 2318: 2290: 1950:13,100 m (43,000 ft) 1909:5,500 kg (12,125 lb) 1903:5,440 kg (11,993 lb) 1403:forward end of the dorsal fin. 1115:In April 1974, the Portuguese 1074:at the end of 1968, equipping 1046:(NATO designation SA-7 Grail) 789:Pratica di Mare Air Force Base 309:and roads, a maximum speed of 245: 1: 3980:1950s Italian attack aircraft 3103:U.S. Army Aircraft Since 1947 2698:Fiat G.91 – Luftwaffe history 2205: 1897:3,100 kg (6,834 lb) 969:It has been claimed that the 452: 18:G91 Liaozhong Ring Expressway 3995:Aircraft first flown in 1956 2870:Caruana, Richard J. (2004). 2481:Doll and Dorner 1974, p. 19. 2210: 2108:Documentary on the Fiat G.91 1452: 996:African overseas territories 917:Republic F-84F Thunderstreak 694:The G.91 is equipped with a 617:identification friend or foe 7: 3985:Single-engined jet aircraft 3095:The World's Fighting Planes 3081:The New Luftwaffe in Action 2089: 1542:Leichtes Kampfgeschwader 44 1535:Leichtes Kampfgeschwader 43 1521:Leichtes Kampfgeschwader 42 1514:Leichtes Kampfgeschwader 41 1158: 989: 860:Scuola Volo Basico Avanzato 730:located at the base of the 279:Light Weight Strike Fighter 10: 4011: 3097:. London: Macdonald, 1964. 3020:accessed: 23 October 2008. 2183:North American F-86D Sabre 1409: 1378:Lockheed F-104 Starfighter 1195:, West Germany, April 1986 1023:in Portugal for training. 984:Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet 872: 254: 250: 236:Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet 174:, which later merged into 15: 3865: 3844: 3818: 3787: 3702: 3676: 3637: 3588: 3529: 3480: 3451: 3332: 3283: 3101:Harding, Stephen (1997). 3044:Combat Aircraft 1945–1960 2125: 2113: 2101: 2096: 1233:Warpaint No.49:Fiat G.91 1146: 1086:, with a second squadron 905:, near Munich along with 546: 506:Oberpfaffenhofen Airfield 150: 142: 134: 126: 118: 113: 105: 86: 78: 62: 52: 47: 35: 30: 3819:Alenia Aermacchi designs 3163:. Volume 7, Winter 2002. 2873:Warpaint No.49:Fiat G.91 2815:"Mozambique, 1962–1992". 2530:Apostolo 1966, pp. 3, 5. 2200:List of fighter aircraft 2046:air-to-ground missiles; 1993:M3 Browning machine guns 1917:Bristol Siddeley Orpheus 1500:Aufklärungsgeschwader 54 1493:Aufklärungsgeschwader 53 1421:Bristol Siddeley Orpheus 1298:Revised instrumentation. 1224:International Air Tattoo 952:Weapons Systems Officers 924:Aufklärungsgeschwader 53 898:Aufklärungsgeschwader 53 754: 734:for rapid deceleration. 700:thickness-to-chord ratio 587:Bristol Siddeley Orpheus 326:Bristol Siddeley Orpheus 2990:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu 2938:, 20 June 1968. p. 931. 2643:Apostolo 1966, pp. 7–8. 2594:Apostolo 1966, pp. 6–7. 2585:Apostolo 1966, pp. 5–6. 2539:Apostolo 1966, pp. 3–4. 2521:Apostolo 1966, pp. 8–9. 2397:"NATO's Strike Fighter" 1837:General characteristics 1660:United States Air Force 1088:Esquadra 702 Escorpiões 1000:Portuguese Colonial War 977:On 1 January 1970, the 913:Leichte Kampfgeschwader 885:In September 1960, the 691:performed on the type. 541:United States Air Force 459:Turin-Aeritalia Airport 223:Portuguese Colonial War 2829:Lopes 1988, pp. 70–71. 2795:Lopes 1988, pp. 68–69. 2769:Lopes 1988, pp. 67–68. 2748:Lopes 1988, pp. 66–67. 1824: 1810: 1801:Specifications (G.91R) 1462: 1304:Strengthened airframe. 1227: 1222:, England, during the 1207: 1196: 1180: 1067: 882: 785:Caccia Tattici Leggeri 772: 605:radio direction finder 564: 415: 393:aeroelastic vibrations 375:On 9 August 1956, the 298: 275:ground attack aircraft 2947:Niccoli 2002, p. 178. 2899:Niccoli 2002, p. 169. 2860:Apostolo 1966, p. 10. 2739:Nicolli 2002, p. 181. 2715:Nicolli 2002, p. 174. 2622:Apostolo 1966, p. 12. 2490:Lambert 1957, p. 114. 2445:Lambert 1957, p. 111. 2405:: 556. 25 April 1958. 2344:Niccoli 2002, p. 168. 1816: 1808: 1774:Malta Aviation Museum 1759:Friuli-Venezia Giulia 1460: 1434:DEFA 552 30 mm cannon 1213: 1205:Malta Aviation Museum 1203:Fiat G.91R/1B at the 1202: 1186: 1166: 1076:Esquadra 502 Jaguares 1065: 880: 769:Friuli-Venezia Giulia 762: 561:Friuli-Venezia Giulia 554: 517:Messier-Bugatti-Dowty 513:license manufacturing 405: 367:Fly-off and selection 345:Dassault Mystère XXVI 296: 3137:Flight International 3016:Flight International 2962:www.aeroflight.co.uk 2936:Flight International 2923:Taylor 1969, p. 216. 2688:Jackson 1976, p. 35. 2679:Jackson 1974, p. 84. 2670:Jackson 1976, p. 96. 2661:Jackson 1976, p. 33. 2652:Jackson 1974, p. 24. 2634:Jackson 1974, p. 25. 2576:Apostolo 1966, p. 8. 2567:Apostolo 1966, p. 6. 2555:Apostolo 1966, p. 4. 2512:Apostolo 1966, p. 5. 2469:Apostolo 1966, p. 7. 2436:Apostolo 1966, p. 2. 2415:Crosby 2002, p. 183. 2402:Flight International 2367:Ferrari 1992, p. 85. 2287:Ferrari 1992, p. 83. 2259:Apostolo 1966, p. 3. 2158:Dassault Étendard IV 1831:Profile Publications 1631:Portuguese Air Force 1425:General Electric J85 1360:Trainer version for 1179:, West Germany, 1988 1177:Rhineland-Palatinate 1121:Carnation Revolution 686:can be installed on 613:ultra high frequency 445:, designated as the 357:Breguet Br.1001 Taon 228:Fiat/Aeritalia G.91Y 219:Portuguese Air Force 99:Portuguese Air Force 3225:: 461, 3 April 1959 3057:Apostolo, Giorgio. 2380:. 24 November 2021. 2163:Douglas A-4 Skyhawk 2140:Related development 2067:including unguided 2054:air-to-air missiles 1907:Max takeoff weight: 1695: / 1667:Aircraft on display 1028:Esquadra 121 Tigres 824:Treviso-Sant'Angelo 816:Seconda Aerobrigata 750:Operational history 684:external drop tanks 627:plating, the glass 537:Forward Air Control 379:G.91 conducted its 361:Theodore von Kármán 353:Aerfer Sagittario 2 48:General information 3776:Alenia Aeronautica 3213:: 696, 23 May 1958 2838:Lopes 1988, p. 71. 2804:Lopes 1988, p. 70. 2760:Lopes 1988, p. 68. 2727:Lopes 1988, p. 64. 2427:Green 1964, p. 35. 2083:for extended range 2060:A wide variety of 1825: 1811: 1654:United States Army 1574:Hellenic Air Force 1507:Erprobungstelle 61 1463: 1228: 1208: 1197: 1193:Schleswig-Holstein 1181: 1153:Hellenic Air Force 1082:, later moving to 1070:G.91s deployed to 1068: 1038:and bombs against 892:Erprobungstelle 61 883: 773: 571:aircraft. It is a 565: 525:United States Army 486:Flugzeug-Union Süd 482:license production 416: 299: 283:Giuseppe Gabrielli 3990:Low-wing aircraft 3911: 3910: 3788:Aeritalia designs 3738: 3737: 3134:"Fiat Aviazione." 3117:Jackson, Paul A. 2984:Lednicer, David. 2137: 2136: 2036:R80 80 mm rockets 1990:12.7 mm (0.50 in) 1678:32° Stormo (Wing) 1597:Italian Air Force 1094:, flying against 1013:close air support 1008:Portuguese Guinea 922:In October 1961, 793:Frosinone Airport 744:aircraft catapult 655:12.7 mm (0.50 in) 633:Martin-Baker Mk.4 615:(UHF) radio, and 573:subsonic aircraft 420:Brétigny-sur-Orge 349:Sud-Est Baroudeur 206:Italian Air Force 160: 159: 127:Introduction date 91:Italian Air Force 4002: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3919: 3780:Alenia Aermacchi 3765: 3758: 3751: 3742: 3741: 3269: 3262: 3255: 3246: 3245: 3226: 3214: 3114: 3093:Green, William. 3066:Fighter Aircraft 3038: 3021: 3019: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2939: 2930: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2906: 2900: 2897: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2867: 2861: 2858: 2839: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2796: 2793: 2787: 2776: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2749: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2728: 2725: 2716: 2713: 2704: 2703: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2623: 2620: 2595: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2577: 2574: 2568: 2565: 2556: 2553: 2540: 2537: 2531: 2528: 2522: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2491: 2488: 2482: 2479: 2470: 2467: 2446: 2443: 2437: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2416: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2393: 2382: 2381: 2374: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2356: 2345: 2342: 2331: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2294: 2288: 2285: 2276: 2273: 2260: 2257: 2226: 2223: 2130: 2129: 2118: 2117: 2106: 2105: 2094: 2093: 2052:AIM-9 Sidewinder 2027:68 mm rockets); 1979: 1948:Service ceiling: 1931: 1839: 1787:Jardim Gil Eanes 1745:Frecce Tricolori 1733:Museum of Flight 1710: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1620: 1618: 1617: 1604:Frecce Tricolori 1588: 1586: 1585: 1565: 1563: 1562: 1482:German Air Force 1473: 1471: 1470: 1423:engine with two 1394:Frecce Tricolori 1226:(IAT), July 1993 1173:Bitburg Air Base 864:Aermacchi MB-326 840:Frecce Tricolori 728:drogue parachute 644:climate controls 502:Second World War 471:German Air Force 442:Frecce Tricolori 412:Frecce Tricolori 408:Museum of Flight 385:Caselle airfield 240:Aermacchi MB-326 168:fighter aircraft 95:German Air Force 40: 28: 27: 4010: 4009: 4005: 4004: 4003: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3960: 3959: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3936: 3934: 3924: 3922: 3914: 3912: 3907: 3861: 3840: 3814: 3783: 3769: 3739: 3734: 3698: 3672: 3633: 3584: 3530:Fighter series 3525: 3476: 3447: 3328: 3279: 3273: 3217: 3205: 3202: 3132:Lambert, C. M. 3032: 3029: 3024: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2982: 2978: 2974:Harding, p.128. 2973: 2969: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2790: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2752: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2731: 2726: 2719: 2714: 2707: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2633: 2626: 2621: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2559: 2554: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2494: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2473: 2468: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2419: 2414: 2410: 2395: 2394: 2385: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2348: 2343: 2334: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2298:Hooker, Stanley 2295: 2291: 2286: 2279: 2274: 2263: 2258: 2229: 2224: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2127: 2115: 2103: 2097:External videos 2092: 2031: 2002:30 mm (1.18 in) 1999: 1987: 1980: 1975: 1927: 1835: 1803: 1765:Sintra Air Base 1703: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1669: 1640: 1638: 1615: 1613: 1583: 1581: 1560: 1558: 1549:Waffenschule 50 1468: 1466: 1455: 1414: 1399:G.91 target tug 1345:G.91RS or G.91S 1280:Decca Navigator 1220:Gloucestershire 1161: 1149: 1021:airbase at Beja 992: 964:Waffenschule 50 948:Waffenschule 50 944:Waffenschule 50 929:Béchar Province 908:Waffenschule 50 875: 757: 752: 720:artificial feel 718:fitted with an 665:30 mm (1.18 in) 549: 484:arrangement by 455: 369: 259: 253: 248: 208:, and with the 101: 97: 43: 26: 21: 12: 11: 5: 4008: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3957: 3956: 3944: 3932: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3869: 3867: 3866:Joint ventures 3863: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3768: 3767: 3760: 3753: 3745: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3644: 3642: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3595: 3593: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3536: 3534: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3487: 3485: 3481:Bomber series 3478: 3477: 3475: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3458: 3456: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3339: 3337: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3290: 3288: 3281: 3280: 3272: 3271: 3264: 3257: 3249: 3243: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3215: 3201: 3200:External links 3198: 3197: 3196: 3181: 3169:Air Enthusiast 3164: 3157: 3145:Air Enthusiast 3140: 3130: 3115: 3098: 3091: 3090:, August 1992. 3084: 3077: 3062: 3059:The Fiat G.91. 3055: 3040: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3022: 3002: 2976: 2967: 2949: 2940: 2925: 2916: 2901: 2887: 2862: 2840: 2831: 2822: 2806: 2797: 2788: 2771: 2762: 2750: 2741: 2729: 2717: 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1368: 1367:G.91T/3 Logair 1365: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1238:reconnaissance 1160: 1157: 1148: 1145: 1078:ininitally at 991: 988: 874: 871: 756: 753: 751: 748: 740:arresting gear 548: 545: 454: 451: 368: 365: 341:Northrop N-156 252: 249: 247: 244: 197:conducted its 172:Fiat Aviazione 158: 157: 152: 148: 147: 144: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 111: 110: 107: 103: 102: 93: 88: 84: 83: 80: 76: 75: 69:Fiat Aviazione 66: 60: 59: 57:Fighter-bomber 54: 50: 49: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 24: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4007: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3970:Fiat aircraft 3968: 3967: 3965: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3933: 3931: 3921: 3920: 3917: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3843: 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3366: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3331: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3270: 3265: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3203: 3194: 3193:0-425-03633-2 3190: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3131: 3128: 3127:0-904597-03-2 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3082: 3078: 3075: 3074:0-7548-0990-0 3071: 3067: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3053: 3052:0-562-00136-0 3049: 3045: 3041: 3039:, 20 May 1961 3037: 3036: 3031: 3030: 3017: 3013: 3006: 2991: 2987: 2980: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2944: 2937: 2934: 2933:"Fiat G.91Y." 2929: 2920: 2913: 2910: 2905: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2875: 2874: 2866: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2835: 2826: 2819: 2816: 2813:Cooper, Tom. 2810: 2801: 2792: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2766: 2757: 2755: 2745: 2736: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2699: 2694: 2685: 2676: 2667: 2658: 2649: 2640: 2631: 2629: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2591: 2582: 2573: 2564: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2536: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2487: 2478: 2476: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2442: 2433: 2424: 2422: 2412: 2404: 2403: 2398: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2379: 2373: 2364: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2329: 2326: 2321: 2313: 2311:1-85310-285-7 2307: 2303: 2299: 2293: 2284: 2282: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2222: 2220: 2215: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2194:Related lists 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2173:Hawker Hunter 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2141: 2133: 2124: 2121: 2112: 2109: 2100: 2095: 2082: 2079:or auxiliary 2078: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2062:air-to-ground 2059: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011:G.91R/3 only) 2010: 2006: 2003: 1998: 1994: 1991: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1970: 1968: 1967:Thrust/weight 1964: 1961: 1960:Wing loading: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1901:Gross weight: 1899: 1896: 1895:Empty weight: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1838: 1833: 1832: 1829: 1822: 1821: 1815: 1807: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1679: 1675: 1672:Aeroporto di 1671: 1670: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1647:United States 1637: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1568: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1550: 1546: 1544: 1543: 1539: 1537: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1312:ground-attack 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1206: 1201: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1156: 1154: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1113: 1110: 1104: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1064: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1016: 1014: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 987: 985: 980: 975: 972: 967: 965: 959: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 936: 934: 930: 925: 920: 918: 914: 910: 909: 904: 900: 899: 894: 893: 888: 879: 870: 867: 866:jet trainer. 865: 861: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 841: 836: 832: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 808: 806: 802: 799:, such as at 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 771:, Italy, 2007 770: 766: 761: 747: 745: 741: 735: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 708:hydraulically 705: 701: 697: 692: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 666: 662: 659: 656: 652: 647: 645: 641: 638:; it is both 637: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 593: 591: 588: 583: 579: 574: 570: 569:ground attack 562: 558: 553: 544: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 520: 518: 514: 509: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 490:Messerschmitt 487: 483: 478: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 450: 448: 444: 443: 438: 433: 432:Hawker Hunter 427: 423: 421: 413: 409: 404: 400: 396: 394: 390: 386: 382: 381:maiden flight 378: 373: 364: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 333: 330: 327: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 295: 291: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 258: 243: 241: 237: 233: 229: 224: 220: 216: 215: 211: 207: 202: 200: 199:maiden flight 196: 192: 191:light fighter 188: 184: 179: 177: 173: 169: 165: 156: 153: 149: 145: 141: 138:9 August 1956 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 89: 87:Primary users 85: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 65: 61: 58: 55: 51: 46: 39: 34: 29: 23: 19: 3799: 3427: 3222: 3210: 3184: 3167: 3160: 3143: 3136: 3118: 3102: 3094: 3088:RID magazine 3087: 3080: 3065: 3058: 3043: 3034: 3027:Bibliography 3015: 3005: 2993:. Retrieved 2989: 2979: 2970: 2961: 2952: 2943: 2935: 2928: 2919: 2911: 2904: 2878:. Retrieved 2872: 2865: 2834: 2825: 2817: 2809: 2800: 2791: 2783: 2774: 2765: 2744: 2693: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2657: 2648: 2639: 2590: 2581: 2572: 2535: 2526: 2517: 2486: 2441: 2432: 2411: 2400: 2372: 2363: 2327: 2320: 2301: 2292: 2193: 2192: 2188:Northrop F-5 2168:Folland Gnat 2151: 2150: 2139: 2138: 2073: 2057: 2047: 2039: 2032:18× Hispano 2028: 2020: 2014: 2008: 2005:DEFA cannons 1996: 1984: 1976: 1974: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1928: 1926: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1886: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1826: 1818: 1602: 1547: 1540: 1533: 1525: 1519: 1512: 1505: 1498: 1491: 1485: 1475:West Germany 1416: 1393: 1380:, not built. 1361: 1315: 1310:Single-seat 1236:Trainer and 1235: 1230: 1229: 1216:RAF Fairford 1168: 1150: 1139: 1137: 1119:fell in the 1114: 1105: 1100: 1087: 1075: 1069: 1027: 1025: 1017: 993: 978: 976: 970: 968: 963: 960: 947: 943: 939: 937: 923: 921: 912: 906: 896: 890: 886: 884: 868: 859: 857: 852: 838: 830: 828: 819: 815: 811: 809: 805:Campoformido 784: 780: 776: 774: 736: 693: 668:DEFA cannons 661:machine guns 648: 636:ejector seat 594: 566: 521: 510: 479: 466: 456: 446: 440: 428: 424: 417: 397: 374: 370: 334: 323: 300: 278: 260: 213: 203: 180: 163: 161: 135:First flight 119:Manufactured 106:Number built 64:Manufacturer 22: 3831:M-311/M-345 3677:other types 3207:"Fiat G.91" 2880:31 December 2702:(in German) 2015:Hardpoints: 1929:Performance 1913:Powerplant: 1890:NACA 65A111 1883:NACA 65A112 1702: / 1633:(1966–1993) 1321:G.91R/3SATS 1004:F-86 Sabres 956:F-4 Phantom 820:Aerobrigade 781:Aerobrigata 658:M2 Browning 640:pressurised 609:transponder 410:. Note the 246:Development 210:West German 185:-organised 3964:Categories 3639:C.A.N.S.A. 2206:References 2146:Fiat G.91Y 2081:drop tanks 2069:iron bombs 1868:Wing area: 1741:Washington 1690:11°50′47″E 1687:43°27′33″N 1412:Fiat G.91Y 1231:Data from: 1117:government 1072:Mozambique 837:team, the 783:, called " 724:air brakes 710:-actuated 696:swept wing 688:hardpoints 651:fuel tanks 629:windshield 621:air intake 533:New Mexico 453:Production 439:team, the 319:autocannon 315:fuel tanks 263:Korean War 255:See also: 155:Fiat G.91Y 3942:Companies 3772:Aeritalia 3590:C.M.A.S.A 3532:Rosatelli 3483:Rosatelli 3454:Rosatelli 3335:Gabrielli 3178:0143-5450 3154:0143-5450 2300:(2002) . 2211:Citations 2040:Missiles: 2009:Luftwaffe 1856:Wingspan: 1828:Data from 1486:Luftwaffe 1453:Operators 1362:Luftwaffe 1316:Luftwaffe 1284:Rho-Theta 1140:Luftwaffe 1053:T-6 Texan 1030:based at 979:Luftwaffe 971:Luftwaffe 940:Luftwaffe 887:Luftwaffe 847:dampers, 835:aerobatic 716:elevators 597:monocoque 592:engine. 578:airstrips 467:Luftwaffe 437:aerobatic 414:'s colors 377:prototype 307:airstrips 273:-powered 214:Luftwaffe 195:prototype 176:Aeritalia 166:is a jet 164:Fiat G.91 122:1956–1977 73:Aeritalia 3954:Aviation 3782:aircraft 3710:Centauro 3278:aircraft 3111:96-69996 2995:16 April 2818:AICG.org 2784:AICG.org 2090:See also 2077:gun pods 2065:ordnance 2042:4× Nord 2021:Rockets: 1977:Armament 1921:turbojet 1823:, Berlin 1795:Portugal 1791:Portimão 1769:Portugal 1680:colours 1622:Portugal 1301:G.91R/1B 1295:G.91R/1A 1263:G.91BS/2 1257:G.91BS/1 1159:Variants 1055:and two 1044:Strela 2 990:Portugal 954:for the 853:G.91 PAN 712:ailerons 680:gun pods 678:; while 601:rivetted 590:turbojet 475:trainers 463:Piedmont 447:G.91 PAN 355:and the 329:turbojet 287:avionics 238:and the 232:Cold War 151:Variants 3916:Portals 3903:Typhoon 3898:Tornado 3730:Spartan 3725:Freccia 3715:Cicogna 3703:by name 3452:Series 3333:Series 3286:Ansaldo 3284:Series 1875:Airfoil 1862:Height: 1850:Length: 1778:Ta'Qali 1761:, Italy 1747:colours 1737:Seattle 1729:, Italy 1389:G.91PAN 1373:G.91T/4 1357:G.91T/3 1351:G.91T/1 1339:G.91R/6 1333:G.91R/5 1327:G.91R/4 1307:G.91R/3 1289:G.91R/1 1109:Dornier 1096:FRELIMO 1048:MANPADS 933:Algeria 873:Germany 849:ballast 801:Maniago 672:rockets 563:, Italy 529:Alabama 498:Dornier 494:Heinkel 383:at the 303:takeoff 251:Origins 143:Retired 114:History 82:Retired 3893:ATR 72 3888:ATR 52 3883:ATR 42 3795:F-104S 3668:F.C.20 3663:F.C.12 3629:A.S.14 3624:R.S.14 3580:C.R.42 3575:C.R.41 3570:C.R.40 3565:C.R.33 3560:C.R.32 3555:C.R.30 3550:C.R.25 3545:C.R.20 3521:B.R.G. 3516:B.R.20 3223:Flight 3211:Flight 3191: 3176: 3152: 3125: 3109: 3072: 3050: 2912:Flight 2328:Flight 2308: 2074:Other: 2058:Bombs: 1942:Range: 1674:Arezzo 1644: 1619: 1587: 1567:Greece 1564: 1472: 1445:G.91YS 1439:G.91YT 1383:G.91TS 1169:Stormo 1147:Others 1125:Angola 1084:Nacala 1059:K-2s. 1036:napalm 1032:Bissau 903:Erding 831:Gruppo 812:Gruppo 797:Venice 777:Gruppo 732:rudder 726:and a 625:armour 547:Design 257:NBMR-1 187:NBMR-1 79:Status 3930:Italy 3857:Sky-Y 3852:Sky-X 3836:M-346 3826:C-27J 3810:G.222 3805:G.91Y 3720:Falco 3689:T.R.1 3641:types 3614:MF.10 3592:types 3540:C.R.1 3511:B.R.4 3506:B.R.3 3501:B.R.2 3496:B.R.1 3472:R.700 3443:G.222 3438:G.212 3433:G.91Y 3324:A.S.2 3319:A.S.1 3314:APR.2 3304:A.300 3299:A.120 3294:A.100 3018:: 159 2178:Lim-6 2044:AS-20 1985:Guns: 1880:root: 1844:Crew: 1782:Malta 1755:Udine 1727:Milan 1718:Gatow 1590:Italy 1417:G.91Y 1406:G.91Y 1275:G.91N 1269:G.91E 1251:G.91A 1133:UNITA 1080:Beira 1057:Do.27 1040:PAIGC 845:pitch 779:, 5a 765:Udine 755:Italy 704:flaps 676:bombs 582:tyres 557:Udine 389:Turin 3873:AM.3 3845:UAVs 3800:G.91 3778:and 3694:7002 3684:C.29 3609:MF.6 3604:MF.5 3599:MF.4 3491:B.R. 3467:R.22 3428:G.91 3423:G.84 3418:G.82 3413:G.81 3408:G.80 3403:G.61 3398:G.59 3393:G.57 3388:G.56 3383:G.55 3378:G.50 3373:G.49 3368:G.46 3363:G.18 3358:G.12 3309:AN.1 3276:Fiat 3189:ISBN 3174:ISSN 3150:ISSN 3123:ISBN 3107:LCCN 3070:ISBN 3048:ISBN 2997:2019 2882:2015 2306:ISBN 2034:SURA 2025:SNEB 1971:0.42 1919:803 1915:1 × 1887:tip: 1282:and 1245:G.91 1189:Hohn 1101:5429 1092:Tete 803:and 742:and 706:and 682:and 674:and 531:and 496:and 311:Mach 267:NATO 183:NATO 162:The 146:1995 130:1958 53:Type 31:G.91 3878:AMX 3658:C.6 3653:C.5 3648:C.4 3619:BGA 3462:R.2 3353:G.8 3348:G.5 3343:G.2 2782:". 2050:4× 2000:2× 1988:4× 1006:to 271:jet 109:770 3966:: 3774:, 3221:, 3209:, 3014:, 2988:. 2960:. 2890:^ 2843:^ 2753:^ 2732:^ 2720:^ 2708:^ 2627:^ 2599:^ 2560:^ 2544:^ 2495:^ 2474:^ 2450:^ 2420:^ 2399:. 2386:^ 2349:^ 2335:^ 2280:^ 2264:^ 2230:^ 2218:^ 2048:or 2029:or 1997:or 1995:; 1885:; 1793:, 1789:, 1780:, 1776:, 1767:, 1757:, 1753:, 1743:- 1739:, 1735:, 1725:, 1716:, 1488:) 1218:, 1191:, 1175:, 958:. 931:, 919:. 826:. 814:, 767:, 646:. 611:, 607:, 559:, 508:. 492:, 461:, 449:. 387:, 351:, 347:, 343:, 242:. 178:. 71:/ 3918:: 3764:e 3757:t 3750:v 3268:e 3261:t 3254:v 3195:. 3180:. 3156:. 3129:. 3113:. 3076:. 3054:. 2999:. 2964:. 2884:. 2314:. 2007:( 1969:: 1877:: 1846:1 1530:) 1524:( 1484:( 1364:. 1286:. 469:( 20:.

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Index