329:
from such hospitals might then spread the acquired infections to members of their families. These were called return cases and they could result in complaints and lawsuits. A major difficulty was a lack of understanding of scarlet fever, which was the most common disease at that time. The nature of the disease and how it was transmitted was uncertain. To prevent return cases, hospitals tried extending the period of isolation and giving patients disinfectant washes with
38:
27:
319:
c. 72) required that local authorities be notified of the occurrence of such infectious diseases. The medical officer of health was then empowered to isolate the patients to prevent spreading. Well-to-do patients could be isolated at home but poorer people lacked the facilities and space for this.
294:
In London, there were protests and legal action against fever hospitals by residents who were concerned about the risk of infection. Precautions were taken, such as disinfection of ambulances, but it was found that the incidence of smallpox increased near smallpox hospitals. Siting of the hospitals
328:
Cross-infection was a significant issue because patients with different diseases might be put in the same ward and share facilities such as towels. Isolation hospitals were then criticised as places "where a person goes in with one infectious disease and catches all the rest." Patients returning
144:
It has been suggested that creating modern isolation hospitals might be an effective way of managing highly infectious diseases as was shown in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. however the lack of staff to operate these facilities, the large costs for no ongoing direct patient benefit and the
117:
The hospitals became common in
England when laws were passed at the end of the 19th century, requiring notification of infectious diseases so that public health officers could ensure that the patients were isolated. During the 20th century,
320:
The requirement for isolation thus drove the need for provision of hospitals for this purpose. These measures were compulsory in the London area and were made compulsory in the rest of the country by a similar act of 1899.
173:
and nature of infection became established, more fever hospitals were established so that, by 1914, they were the most common sort of hospital. The numbers and sizes of the different sort of institutions at that time were
630:
Wang, Jiangshan; Zong, Liang; Zhang, Jinghong; Sun, Han; Harold
Walline, Joseph; Sun, Pengxia; Xu, Shengyong; Li, Yan; Wang, Chunting; Liu, Jihai; Li, Fan; Xu, Jun; Li, Yi; Yu, Xuezhong; Zhu, Huadong (2020).
851:
408:
145:
inability to use other hospital facilities to provide care for patients have been cited as the key reasons why fever hospitals are not appropriate in modern healthcare.
633:"Identifying the effects of an upgraded 'fever clinic' on COVID-19 control and the workload of emergency department: Retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in China"
158:
107:
962:
980:
680:
Singh, Shalendra; Ambooken, George
Cherian; Setlur, Rangraj; Paul, Shamik Kr; Kanitkar, Madhuri; Singh Bhatia, Surinder; Singh Kanwar, Ratnesh (2021-02-01).
354:, located in the Midlands, this was the UK's national isolation hospital from 1966 and the world's last victim of smallpox died there in 1978. (closed 1985)
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
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1527:
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169:
which was common. By 1879, isolation hospitals of some sort were established in 296 local authorities, out of a total of 1,593 – about 18.5%. As the
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
857:
1349:
1017:
161:
which was founded in 1801. Fever hospitals or "houses of recovery" were then established in other major cities – Chester, Hull, London,
312:
137:
a number of temporary isolation wards within existing hospitals were established as well as several temporary hospitals, such as the
138:
1628:
351:
1187:
570:
Campos, Afonso
Teberga; dos Santos, Carlos Henrique; Gabriel, Gustavo Teodoro; Montevechi, José Arnaldo Barra (2022-03-01).
374:
1599:
1591:
421:
1085:
779:
530:
451:
943:
365:
and the
Fountain Fever Hospital, which was built as an annexe in 1893 for an outbreak of scarlet fever (closed 1958)
1623:
1010:
553:
549:
251:
After the London Fever
Hospital was established in 1802, six more hospitals were established in London by the
1595:
1471:
1354:
682:"Challenges faced in establishing a dedicated 250 bed COVID-19 intensive care unit in a temporary structure"
1587:
1579:
1090:
895:
1583:
1405:
1267:
1003:
467:
252:
162:
817:
John M. Eyler (1987), "Scarlet Fever and
Confinement: The Edwardian debate Over Isolation Hospitals",
1421:
1344:
300:
42:
1618:
1080:
154:
1461:
1334:
357:
127:
103:
1431:
1426:
1060:
572:"Safety assessment for temporary hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic: A simulation approach"
395:
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170:
1135:
795:
463:
437:
111:
31:
1456:
1308:
1075:
1036:
738:
362:
141:
in
England which were little used in many countries with the notable exception of China.
8:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1110:
56:
742:
157:, founded in 1741. The first specialist hospital for other infectious diseases was the
1451:
1400:
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1262:
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1222:
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714:
681:
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604:
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202:
83:
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662:
609:
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526:
296:
134:
20:
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1313:
1227:
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1040:
746:
709:
693:
652:
644:
599:
583:
316:
215:
50:
912:
1395:
1303:
1100:
648:
19:"Smallpox hospital" redirects here. For the abandoned hospital in New York, see
1385:
1339:
1298:
697:
632:
587:
288:
130:
in 1948, the hospitals were wound down so that, by 1968, there were few left.
1612:
1466:
1446:
1293:
1216:
1145:
705:
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545:
280:
276:
87:
1441:
1257:
1120:
1065:
995:
928:
666:
613:
484:
431:
165:, Newcastle upon Tyne and Norwich. These were mainly for the treatment of
119:
91:
877:
838:
114:(1802). Other examples occurred elsewhere in the British Isles and India.
37:
1199:
95:
66:. The latter had two hulls on which hospital buildings were constructed.
62:
830:
392:
Brumby
Isolation Hospital, Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire (closed 1960)
26:
1172:
1166:
1115:
769:
494:
489:
264:
123:
1161:
751:
479:
268:
126:
reduced the impact of these diseases. After the introduction of the
1027:
330:
256:
99:
79:
295:
next to rivers, so that transport of patients could be limited to
1193:
1130:
569:
272:
260:
963:"When viral fever's the problem, Fever Hospital is the solution"
457:
427:
409:
Sir Ronald Ross
Institute of Tropical and Communicable Diseases
284:
259:
patients and one for sufferers from other infectious diseases:
166:
106:
them from the general population. Early examples included the
856:, Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council, 2018, archived from
334:
255:. These were designed with two separate buildings – one for
893:
544:
299:
was found to reduce this. Ships, moored on the Thames at
914:
The Northern Convalescent Fever Hospital, Winchmore Hill
679:
982:
Cork Street Fever Hospital and Cherry Orchard Hospital
153:
The first hospital specifically for smallpox was the
102:. Their purpose is to treat affected people while
926:
910:
770:Veronika & Fred Chambers; Rob Higgins (2014),
1610:
960:
629:
793:
520:
1011:
816:
800:The Development of the London Hospital System
375:Northern Convalescent Fever Hospital, Enfield
1025:
978:
894:Tom Jefferson; Carl Heneghan (11 May 2020),
554:"Let's bring back Britain's fever hospitals"
1018:
1004:
313:Infectious Disease (Notification) Act 1889
750:
713:
656:
603:
303:, were also used as isolation hospitals.
988:, Royal College of Physicians of Ireland
844:
729:"History of Fever Treatment in London",
516:
514:
512:
510:
36:
25:
812:
810:
808:
686:Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care
1611:
352:Catherine-de-Barnes Isolation Hospital
999:
972:
961:K. Shiva Shanker (11 February 2020),
954:
787:
765:
763:
761:
722:
507:
900:, Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine
887:
805:
794:Geoffrey Rivett (11 November 2019),
625:
623:
340:
148:
819:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
538:
456:Chinese Public Isolation Hospital,
13:
930:The Western Fever Hospital, Fulham
920:
904:
870:
758:
422:Cork Street Fever Hospital, Dublin
411:, also known as the Fever Hospital
323:
41:Smallpox hospital ships moored at
14:
1640:
620:
452:Shanghai International Settlement
381:Park Fever Hospital, Hither Green
523:Fever Hospitals and Fever Nurses
358:Eastern Fever Hospital, Homerton
16:Hospital for infectious diseases
936:
737:(3343): 816, 25 November 1933,
306:
1629:Hospitals by medical condition
796:"Smallpox and Fever Hospitals"
673:
563:
387:Western Fever Hospital, Fulham
1:
500:
426:Ruins of a Fever Hospital in
363:Grove Fever Hospital, Tooting
398:, North London (closed 2008)
186:Number in England and Wales
7:
1350:Veterans medical facilities
1091:Hospital information system
979:Fergus Brady (March 2015),
948:www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
927:Peter Higginbotham (2020),
911:Peter Higginbotham (2020),
897:COVID-19: 'Fever Hospitals'
853:Catherine-de-Barnes history
649:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039177
473:
10:
1645:
1268:Tertiary referral hospital
698:10.1016/j.tacc.2020.10.006
588:10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105642
468:Shanghai French Concession
415:
371:, Manchester (closed 1993)
345:
253:Metropolitan Asylums Board
18:
1576:
1480:
1414:
1363:
1323:Limited class of patients
1322:
1286:
1250:
1209:
1154:
1051:
1034:
438:Purdysburn Fever Hospital
882:Lost Hospitals of London
521:Margaret Currie (2013),
444:
402:
159:Liverpool Fever Hospital
155:London Smallpox Hospital
108:Liverpool Fever Hospital
1624:Isolation (health care)
1578:Lists of hospitals in:
1462:Rehabilitation hospital
1335:Combat support hospital
1210:Geographic service area
1196:lying in houses (India)
1086:Hospital administrators
944:"The National Archives"
337:when discharging them.
128:National Health Service
1287:Unique physical traits
1251:Complexity of services
396:Coppetts Wood Hospital
369:Monsall Fever Hospital
171:germ theory of disease
67:
34:
139:nightingale hospitals
112:London Fever Hospital
40:
32:London Fever Hospital
29:
1472:Verterinary hospital
1457:Psychiatric hospital
1309:Underground hospital
1076:Emergency department
1037:History of hospitals
462:Isolation Hospital,
450:Isolation Hospital,
1481:Century established
1427:Children's hospital
1381:Non-profit hospital
1376:For-profit hospital
1371:Charitable hospital
1184:Hôtel-Dieu (France)
1111:Intensive care unit
772:Hospitals of London
743:1933Natur.132R.816.
239:Specialist hospital
183:Average size (beds)
133:As a result of the
84:infectious diseases
1452:Maternity hospital
1401:Voluntary hospital
1278:Specialty hospital
1263:Secondary hospital
1242:Municipal hospital
1223:Community hospital
1071:Coronary care unit
1045:Category:Hospitals
878:"Eastern Hospital"
434:, County Tipperary
297:ambulance steamers
203:Poor Law infirmary
76:isolation hospital
68:
35:
1606:
1605:
1415:Condition treated
1330:Military hospital
1273:Teaching hospital
1237:District hospital
1233:Regional hospital
1126:Operating theater
1096:Hospital medicine
341:List of hospitals
317:52 & 53 Vict.
249:
248:
228:Smallpox hospital
149:England and Wales
135:COVID-19 pandemic
21:Smallpox Hospital
1636:
1391:Private hospital
1355:Women's hospital
1314:Virtual Hospital
1228:General hospital
1179:Cottage hospital
1041:Hospital network
1020:
1013:
1006:
997:
996:
990:
989:
987:
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752:10.1038/132816b0
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216:General hospital
177:
176:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1619:Fever hospitals
1609:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1572:
1476:
1410:
1396:Public hospital
1359:
1345:Prison hospital
1318:
1304:Mobile hospital
1282:
1246:
1205:
1150:
1101:Hospital museum
1081:Emergency codes
1053:
1052:Common hospital
1047:
1030:
1026:Articles about
1024:
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993:
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678:
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628:
621:
568:
564:
552:(15 May 2020),
543:
539:
533:
519:
508:
503:
476:
464:Ruijin Hospital
447:
418:
405:
348:
343:
326:
324:Cross infection
309:
151:
110:(1801) and the
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1437:Fever hospital
1434:
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1424:
1418:
1416:
1412:
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1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1386:State hospital
1383:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1340:Field hospital
1337:
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1319:
1317:
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1299:Hospital train
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843:
804:
786:
780:
757:
721:
672:
643:(8): e039177.
619:
576:Safety Science
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289:whooping cough
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191:Fever hospital
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72:fever hospital
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1641:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
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1600:South America
1597:
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1592:North America
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1479:
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1470:
1468:
1467:Trauma center
1465:
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1460:
1458:
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1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:Lock hospital
1445:
1443:
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1325:
1321:
1315:
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1310:
1307:
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1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:Hospital ship
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1279:
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1261:
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1253:
1249:
1243:
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1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1217:Base hospital
1215:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1202:(Middle Ages)
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1188:Valetudinaria
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
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1155:Archaic forms
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1064:
1062:
1061:Accreditation
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1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
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1016:
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1009:
1007:
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984:
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860:on 2017-09-29
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781:9781445638270
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559:
558:The Spectator
555:
551:
550:Tom Jefferson
547:
546:Carl Heneghan
541:
534:
532:9781134265268
528:
525:, Routledge,
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389:(closed 1979)
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383:(closed 1997)
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377:(closed 1993)
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281:typhoid fever
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277:scarlet fever
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89:
88:Scarlet fever
85:
81:
77:
73:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
28:
22:
1442:Leper colony
1436:
1432:Eye hospital
1258:Day hospital
1121:On-call room
981:
974:
966:
956:
947:
938:
929:
922:
913:
906:
896:
889:
881:
872:
862:, retrieved
858:the original
852:
846:
822:
818:
799:
789:
774:, Amberley,
771:
734:
730:
724:
689:
685:
675:
640:
636:
579:
575:
565:
557:
540:
522:
485:Leper colony
432:Cloughjordan
327:
310:
307:Notification
293:
250:
152:
143:
132:
120:immunisation
116:
92:Tuberculosis
75:
71:
69:
61:
55:
49:
46:
45:. They are
1219:(Australia)
1200:Xenodochium
1106:Hospitalist
825:(1): 1–24,
180:Institution
124:antibiotics
96:Lassa fever
1613:Categories
1173:Bimaristan
1167:Asclepeion
1116:Nocturnist
1054:components
864:2020-05-17
582:: 105642.
501:References
495:Sanitorium
490:Pest house
430:townland,
301:Long Reach
265:diphtheria
163:Manchester
43:Long Reach
1181:(England)
1175:(Islamic)
1162:Almshouse
1028:hospitals
967:The Hindu
706:2210-8440
596:0925-7535
480:Lazaretto
440:, Belfast
269:dysentery
104:isolating
1169:(Greece)
1141:Pharmacy
1136:Patients
831:44433660
692:: 9–16.
667:32819955
637:BMJ Open
614:34955606
474:See also
331:formalin
257:smallpox
100:Smallpox
86:such as
80:hospital
63:Castalia
57:Endymion
1596:Oceania
1406:Defunct
1364:Funding
1194:Vaishya
1190:(Roman)
1131:Orderly
839:3548849
739:Bibcode
715:7647395
658:7440187
605:8692075
416:Ireland
346:England
311:The UK
273:measles
261:cholera
1588:Europe
1580:Africa
1422:Cancer
837:
829:
778:
731:Nature
712:
704:
665:
655:
612:
602:
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529:
458:Zhabei
428:Oxpark
285:typhus
167:typhus
1146:Wards
986:(PDF)
827:JSTOR
445:China
403:India
335:Lysol
78:is a
51:Atlas
47:(L–R)
1584:Asia
1568:21st
1563:20th
1558:19th
1553:18th
1548:17th
1543:16th
1538:15th
1533:14th
1528:13th
1523:12th
1518:11th
1513:10th
835:PMID
776:ISBN
702:ISSN
663:PMID
610:PMID
592:ISSN
527:ISBN
287:and
245:222
234:363
223:594
210:700
197:755
122:and
98:and
82:for
60:and
30:The
1508:9th
1503:8th
1498:7th
1493:6th
1488:5th
1235:or
1066:Bed
747:doi
735:132
710:PMC
694:doi
653:PMC
645:doi
600:PMC
584:doi
580:147
333:or
207:134
74:or
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23:.
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