National Health Service

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plan promises that this money will see around two million more people with anxiety, depression and other mental health problems receive help, including new parents, and 24 hour access to crisis care. The plan also includes a guarantee that investment in primary, community and mental health care will grow faster than the growing overall NHS budget so that different parts of the NHS come together to provide better, joined-up care in partnership with local government. Since the funding announcement in the summer, Mind has been working with the NHS, Government and voluntary sector to help shape the long term plan. This longer-term strategy was developed in consultation with people with mental health problems to ensure their views are reflected."

75: 58: 656:

run the wards safely. In November 2018 it was reported that cancer patients and child patients were having to travel very long distances to get treatment and their relatives had to travel far to visit the patients. In wards which had not closed staff sometimes worked under stress due to staff shortages. It was also predicted then, that Brexit was likely to aggravate those problems. In November 2019, it was reported that due to the shortage of nurses the NHS was then relying on less qualified staff like healthcare assistants and nursing associates.

451:, in considering the provision of NHS services to overseas visitors wrote, in 1952, that it would be "unwise as well as mean to withhold the free service from the visitor to Britain. How do we distinguish a visitor from anybody else? Are British citizens to carry means of identification everywhere to prove that they are not visitors? For if the sheep are to be separated from the goats both must be classified. What began as an attempt to keep the Health Service for ourselves would end by being a nuisance to everybody." 947: 541: 397: 1126:

about the same, and the management of longterm illness was better than in other comparable countries. Efficiency was good, with low administrative costs and high use of cheaper generic medicines. Twenty-nine hospital trusts and boards out of 157 had not met any waiting-time target in the year 2017–2018. The Office for National Statistics reported in January 2019 that productivity in the English NHS had been growing at 3%, considerably faster than across the rest of the UK economy.

1232:

found. Improving A&E waiting times and routine services were also concerns. Just 10% of UK respondents felt their government had the correct plans for the NHS. The Health Foundation stated in spite of these concerns, the public is committed to the founding principles of the NHS and 90% of respondents believe the NHS should be free, 89% believe NHS should provide a comprehensive service for everyone, and 84% believe the NHS should be funded mainly through taxation.

96: 577: 476:. Those from other countries with which the UK has reciprocal arrangements also qualify for free treatment. Since 6 April 2015, non-EEA nationals who are subject to immigration control must have the immigration status of indefinite leave to remain at the time of treatment and be properly settled, to be considered ordinarily resident. People not ordinarily resident in the UK are in general not entitled to free hospital treatment, with some exceptions such as 113: 1039:

Even patients who are suicidal or who have attempted suicide are sometimes denied treatment; patients are told they are not ill enough or waiting lists are too long. During very long waits for treatment, one in three patients deteriorate, and they may become unemployed or get divorced. One in four patients throughout the UK wait over three months to see an NHS mental health professional, with 6% waiting at least a year.

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person in the UK. Some 60% of the NHS budget is used to pay staff. A further 20% pays for pharmaceuticals and other supplies, with the remaining 20% split between buildings, equipment, training costs, medical equipment, catering and cleaning. Nearly 80% of the total budget is distributed by local trusts in line with the particular health priorities in their areas.

844:, in 2020, was predicted to affect medical practitioners from EU countries who worked in the NHS, accounting for more than 1-in-10 doctors at the time. A 2017 survey suggested 60% of these doctors were considering leaving, with a record 17,197 EU staff leaving the NHS in 2016. The figures led to calls to reassure European workers over their future in the UK. 333:

large national organisation (with devolved equivalents) which forced the transfer of ownership of hospitals from local authorities and charities to the new NHS. Bevan's principle of ownership with no private sector involvement has since been diluted, with later Labour governments implementing large scale financing arrangements with private builders in

318:. According to one history of the NHS, "In some respects the war had made things easier. In anticipation of massive air raid casualties, the Emergency Medical Service had brought the country's municipal and voluntary hospitals into one umbrella organisation, showing that a national hospital service was possible." Webster wrote in 2002 that "the 754:, say this was largely due to raised spending during the pandemic and the effect of Covid on the whole economy, since the GDP of the UK dropped more than that of all other G7 nations. The BMA also said in December 2022 that the NHS experienced "historical underfunding and under-resourcing" during the ten years before COVID. The 504:

or assistance from the organisation for the purposes of working overseas. This is in recognition of the fact that most missionaries would be unable to afford private health care and those working in developing countries should not effectively be penalised for their contribution to development and other work.

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to mark the NHS 70th anniversary concluded that the main weakness of the NHS was healthcare outcomes. Mortality for cancer, heart attacks and stroke, was higher than average among comparable countries. The NHS was doing well at protecting people from heavy financial costs when ill. Waiting times were

667:

said there was insufficient and falling NHS capital spending that put patient care and put staff productivity at risk. The Health Foundation said that £3.5 billion more a year would be required to get capital spending to the OECD average. Spending limits were effecting service efficiency, and patient

600:

When the NHS was launched in 1948 it had a budget of £437 million (equivalent to £20.07 billion in 2023). In 2016–2017, the budget was £122.5 billion. In 1955/56 health spending was 11.2% of the public services budget. In 2015/16 it was 29.7%. This equates to an average rise in spending over the full

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for an organisation with its principal place of business in the UK is fully exempt from NHS charges for services that would normally be provided free of charge to those resident in the UK. This is regardless of whether they derive a salary or wage from the organisation, or receive any type of funding

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application, and will then be entitled to NHS treatment on the same basis as a resident. This includes overseas students with a visa to study at a recognised institution for six months or more, but not visitors on a tourist visa. In 2016 the surcharge was £200 per year, with exemptions and reductions

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found just a third of respondents agreed the NHS gave a good service nationally, and 82% thought the NHS needed more funding. 62% expected care standards to fall during the following 12 months. Sorting out pressure and workload on staff and increasing staff numbers were the chief priorities the poll

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In 2016 it was reported that there appeared to be support for higher taxation to pay for extra spending on the NHS as an opinion poll in 2016 showed that 70% of people were willing to pay an extra penny in the pound in income tax if the money were ringfenced and guaranteed for the NHS. Two thirds of

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produced an International Health Care Outcomes Index in 2022 ranking the performance of the UK health care system against 18 similar, wealthy countries since 2000. It excluded the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as data stopped in 2019. The UK was near the bottom of most tables except households who

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has embarked on a major programme to expand mental health services, whose budgets are now growing faster than the NHS overall. MIND the mental health charity responded saying: "We are pleased that the plan includes a commitment of £2.3bn a year towards mental health, to help redress the balance. The

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The NHS is the largest employer in Europe, with one in every 25 adults in England working for the NHS. As of February 2023, NHS England employed 1.4 million staff. Nursing staff accounted for the largest cohort at more than 330,000 employees, followed by clinical support staff at 290,000, scientific

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When purchasing consumables such as medications, the four healthcare services have significant market power that influences the global price, typically keeping prices lower. A small number of products are procured jointly through contracts shared between services. Several other countries either copy

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A 2018 public survey reported that public satisfaction with the NHS had fallen from 70% in 2010 to 53% in 2018. The NHS is consistently ranked as the institution that makes people proudest to be British, beating the royal family, Armed Forces and the BBC. One 2019 survey ranked nurses and doctors –

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might have compromised patients' access to vital medicines. In February 2018, many medical organisations planned for a worst-case Brexit scenario because "time is running out" for a transition deal to follow the UK's formal exit that occurred in March 2019. Pharmaceutical organisations working with

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to become "exemplar employers" by improving social mobility and pay especially for those "trusts in poorer places where they can play a particularly large role in determining the economic wellbeing of the local population." They found the NHS to be " a middle ranking employer in comparison to other

758:

maintains The investment in services started in 2021 was badly needed, but despite it restoring key services and performance standards will require years. Shortages of workers and growing staff numbers experiencing burnout and thinking of leaving the NHS may stop progress. If the new funding is to

651:

data from 21 nations, revealed that the NHS has among the lowest numbers of doctors, nurses and hospital beds per capita in the western world. In May 2018, it was said that nurses within the NHS said that patient care was compromised by the shortage of nurses and the lack of experienced nurses with

332:

Conservative MPs voted in favour of their amendment to Bevan's Bill to maintain local control and ownership of hospitals and against Bevan's plan for national ownership of all hospitals. The Labour government defeated Conservative amendments and went ahead with the NHS as it remains today; a single

329:'s principle of free healthcare for all, Conservative MPs were in favour of maintaining local administration of the NHS through existing arrangements with local authorities fearing that an NHS which owned hospitals on a national scale would lose the personal relationship between doctor and patient. 711:

In September 2019, it was reported that cancer survival rates in the UK had been rising fast but probably still lagged behind the best results internationally, mainly because of late diagnosis. In March 2019 it was reported that death rates from breast cancer were falling faster in Britain than in

655:

In September 2018 it was reported that staff shortages at histology departments were delaying diagnosis and start of treatment for cancer patients. In England and Scotland cancer wards and children's wards have to close because the hospital cannot attract sufficient qualified doctors and nurses to

191:

Taken together, the four services in 2015–16 employed around 1.6 million people with a combined budget of £136.7 billion. In 2024, the total health sector workforce across the United Kingdom was 1,499,368 making it the seventh largest employer and second largest non-military public organisation in

1152:

found. Dean Hochlaf of the IPPR said: "We have seen progress in reducing preventable disease flatline since 2012."". The key NHS performance indicators (18 weeks (RTT), 4 hours (A&E) and cancer (2 week wait) have not been achieved since February 2016, July 2015 and December 2015 respectively.

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has produced surveys, "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall", comparing the performance of health systems in 11 wealthy countries in which the UK generally ranks highly. In the 2021 survey the NHS dropped from first overall to fourth as it had fallen in key areas, including 'access to care and equity.' The

1038:

found that some patients must wait up to thirteen months for the right care. Wendy Burn of the Royal College of Psychiatrists said, "It is a scandal that patients are waiting so long for treatment. The failure to give people with mental illnesses the prompt help they need is ruining their lives."

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instead. Certain regions have fewer than 50 GPs per 100,000 people, while other regions have more than 70, presenting a challenge to the NHS's founding principle of equal treatment. A growing number of family doctors are reporting unsustainable workloads, and many have chosen to work part-time. A

639:

surveyed doctors across the UK, with two-thirds maintaining patient safety had deteriorated during the year to 2018: 80% feared they would be unable to provide safe patient care in the coming year while 84% felt that increased pressure on the NHS was demoralising the workforce. In June 2018, at a

596:

was spent on health and was the most spent in the public sector. In 2019, the UK spent roughly 10.2% of GDP on healthcare compared to 11.7% in Germany and 11.1% in France. The money to pay for the NHS comes directly from taxation. The 2008/09 budget roughly equated to a contribution of £1,980 per

1046:

found mental health provisions for children and young people will not meet growing demand, despite promises of increased funding. Even if promises to provide £1.4bn more for the sector are kept, there will be "significant unmet need" due to staff shortages, inadequate data and failure to control

775:

said that "the rising trend in health and social care spending and pensions will be adding something like another £75 billion spending over the next five years, £150 billion, potentially over the next decade" as if treatments are available to keep people alive longer, then people will want them.

932:

said: "It's a great testament to medical research, and the NHS, that we are living longer – but we need to ensure that our patients are living longer with a good quality of life. For this to happen we need a properly funded, properly staffed health and social care sector with general practice,

884:

In 2023, a report revealed that NHS staff had faced over 20,000 sexual misconduct from patients from 2017 to 2022 across 212 NHS Trusts. Some of the claims included rape, sexual harassment, stalking, and sexualised remarks at staff from patients. In the report, female staff members were told by

787:

found that health spending was costing about £10,000 per household in the UK. This, they said, reflected the third highest share of GDP of any nation in Europe. This was said to show that the UK "has one of the most costly health systems – and some of the worst outcomes". The findings were made

723:

maintained that more NHS cancer personnel were needed to enable the UK to catch up The NHS in England was expanding early diagnosis services with the goal of increasing the proportion of cancers diagnosed early (at stages 1 and 2) from 53% to 75% in the decade to 2028. In September 2018, it was

699:

of the IFS said the 3.4% was greater than recent increases, but less than the long-term average. In July 2016, health experts said the money would "help stem further decline in the health service, but it's simply not enough to address the fundamental challenges facing the NHS, or fund essential

2162:

Links to many relevant documents: Guidance on implementing the overseas visitor hospital charging regulations 2015; Ways in which people can be lawfully resident in the UK; Summary of changes made to the way the NHS charges overseas visitors for NHS hospital care; Biometric residence permits:

618:

Between 2010 and 2017, there was a cap of 1% on pay rises for staff continuing in the same role. Unions representing doctors, dentists, nurses and other health professionals have called on the government to end the cap on health service pay, claiming the cap is damaging the health service and

1057:

of the select committee on public accounts said: "The government currently estimates that less than a third of children and young people with a diagnosable mental health condition are receiving treatment. But the government doesn't understand how many children and young people are in need of

832:

calculated that medical training places need to be increased from 7,500 to 15,000 by 2030 to take account of part-time working among other factors. At that time there were 47,800 consultants working in the UK of which 15,700 were physicians. About 20% of consultants work less than full-time.

795:

The Labour Government elected in 2024 stated that their policy was that the "NHS is broken". They announced an immediate stocktake of current pressures and the reasons for them led by Labour peer Lord Ara Darzi. This was to be followed by development of a new "10 year plan" for the NHS.

2163:

overseas applicant and sponsor information; Information sharing with the Home Office: guidance for overseas patients; Overseas chargeable patients, NHS debt and immigration rules: guidance on administration and data sharing; Ordinary residence tool; and documents on Equality analysis.

3875:

Radiographers at several NHS hospitals have been instructed to ask all men aged 12 to 55 if they are pregnant before performing X-rays. The controversial policy, aimed at considering non-binary, transgender and intersex patients, has sparked outrage among patients and campaigners

487:

may be subject to an interview to establish their eligibility, which must be resolved before non-emergency treatment can commence. Patients who do not qualify for free treatment are asked to pay in advance or to sign a written undertaking to pay, except for emergency treatment.

1106:, a left-leaning US health charity, put the NHS second in a study of seven rich countries. The report put the United Kingdom health systems above those of Germany, Canada and the United States; the NHS was deemed the most efficient among those health systems studied. 683:

said that hospitals needed help to do their work without being up in deficit, as two-thirds were in the year to 2018. It was also said that some expressed doubt over whether May could carry out this proposed increase in funding. The next day, Health Secretary

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introduced prescription fees. However, Wilson's government abolished them in 1965; they were later re-introduced but with exemptions for those on low income. These charges were the first of many controversies over changes to the NHS throughout its history.

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time when the NHS was short of doctors, foreign doctors were forced to leave the UK due to visa restrictions. A study reported in November 2018 found that a fifth of doctors had faced bullying from seniors in the previous year due to pressure at work.

1188:

polled 182 health leaders and 9 in 10 warned that inadequate capital funding harmed their "ability to meet safety requirements for patients" in health settings including hospitals, ambulance, community and mental health services and GP practices.

1279:, is bestowed for acts of the greatest heroism or most conspicuous courage. In a handwritten note the Queen said the award was being made to all NHS staff past and present for their "courage, compassion and dedication" throughout the pandemic. 262:'s recommendation to create "comprehensive health and rehabilitation services for prevention and cure of disease", cross-party consensus emerged on introducing a National Health Service of some description. Conservative MP and Health Minister, 678:

There is concern that a high proportion of this money will go to service NHS debts rather than for improved patient care. In June 2018, it was reported that there were calls for the government to write off the NHS debt. Saffron Cordery of

766:

doubled the annual efficiency target for the NHS in England. The 2.2 per cent target would deliver annual savings of saving of £4.75 billion. At the same time the additional Covid funding is being removed in 2022–23. At the same time

1062:

said, "Current targets to improve care are modest and even if met would still mean two-thirds of those who need help are not seen. Rising estimates of demand may indicate that the government is even further away than it thought."

1291:

documented the number of NHS hospital beds in England as 142,000, describing this as less than 50% of the number 30 years previously. In 2019 one tenth of the beds in the UK were occupied by a patient who was alcohol-dependent.

885:

hospitals to continue caring for patients even after there were issues regarding abuse or harassment without further safeguards in place. Other parts of the report showed that staff were pressured into not reporting grievances.

176:. The founding principles were that services should be comprehensive, universal and free at the point of delivery—a health service based on clinical need, not ability to pay. Each service provides a comprehensive range of 340:

At its launch by Bevan on 5 July 1948 it had at its heart three core principles: That it meet the needs of everyone, that it be free at the point of delivery, and that it be based on clinical need, not ability to pay.

792:, in April 2022. Civitas said this showed evidence "runaway" spending as health spending in the UK had increased by more than any country despite the significant drop in national income due to the COVID pandemic. 266:

later advanced this notion of a National Health Service in 1944 with his consultative White Paper "A National Health Service" which was circulated in full and short versions to colleagues, as well as in newsreel.

605:

spending levels increased by around 6% a year on average. Between 2010 and 2017 spending growth was constrained to just over 1% a year. A 2019 report said that a study by the 'Centre for Health Economics' at the

4713:

Rimmer MP, Al Wattar BH, on behalf of the UKARCOG Members. Provision of obstetrics and gynaecology services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of junior doctors in the UK National Health Service. BJOG 2020;

3393:

Recent increases to the NHS budget were welcome and necessary, but the systemic challenges the NHS faces, particularly around workforce pressures, have grown and the outlook for Covid-19 recovery is uncertain.

2654: 444:

and optometry do have standard charges in each of the four national health services in the UK. In addition, most patients in England have to pay charges for prescriptions though some patients are exempted.

3344: 1137:, reported that "Britain spent the least on health, £3,000 per person, compared with an average of £4,400, and had the highest number of deaths that might have been prevented with prompt treatment". The 4291: 1058:

treatment or how funding is being spent locally. The government urgently needs to set out how departments, and national and local bodies, are going to work together to achieve its long-term ambition."

688:

backed the extra £20bn annual increase in NHS funding and responded to criticism by stating that taxation would be used to carry out the funding and that details would be revealed at the next budget.

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The provision of free treatment to non-UK-residents, formerly interpreted liberally, has been increasingly restricted, with new overseas visitor hospital charging regulations introduced in 2015.

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reported that the NHS was the first health service in Europe to negotiate coverage for novel CAR-T cancer therapy, with agreement reached within 10 days of its European marketing authorisation.

2781: 4554: 3635: 1752: 5076: 376: 1268:

described NHS medical care as "astonishing" and said that the "NHS saved my life. No question." In this time, the NHS underwent major re-organisation to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic.

238: 4222: 3965: 4151: 3897: 1967: 4908: 895:

to ask all male patients aged 12 to 55 if they were pregnant. This policy was instated as part of an 'inclusivity' drive and received a lot of criticism from the public.

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announced that NHS in England would receive a 3.4% increase in funding every year to 2024, which would allow it to receive an extra £20bn a year in real terms funding.

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large organisations and falls short on social mobility and the real Living Wage", and ranked trusts using a 'good employer index'. Ambulance trusts were ranked worst.

4372: 4947: 4489: 2973: 325:

The NHS was born out of the ideal that healthcare should be available to all, regardless of wealth. Although being freely accessible regardless of wealth maintained

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spokesperson said that the department is making 4,000 training positions available for GPs every year, which help create an extra 50 million appointments annually.

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hospitals and social care all working together – and all communicating well with each other, in the best interests of delivering safe care to all our patients."

4024: 3862: 2316: 3988: 3075: 2341: 888:

In June 2023, the delayed NHS Long term Workforce Plan was announced, set up to train more doctors and nurses and create new roles within the health service.

294:, called an "audacious campaign" to take charge of the form the NHS finally took. Bevan's National Health Service was proposed in Westminster legislation for 652:

the necessary qualifications. In June 2018 it was reported that the NHS performed below average in preventing deaths from cancer, strokes and heart disease.

491:

People from outside the EEA coming to the UK for a temporary stay of more than six months are required to pay an immigration health surcharge at the time of

4393: 4071: 2174: 1846:

Charles Webster, The Health Services since the War, Volume 1: Problems of Health Care, The National Health Service Before 1957 (London: HMSO, 1988), p. 399.

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Sometimes used as a UK-wide logo for unofficial purposes. The three other national health services in the UK outside England have their own logos and names.

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in some cases. This was increased to £400 in 2018. The discounted rate for students and those on the Youth Mobility Scheme will increase from £150 to £300.

1247: 372: 2947: 1177:

Overall satisfaction with the NHS in 2021 fell, more sharply in Scotland than in England, 17 points to 36% – the lowest level since 1997 according to the

461:

and persons from certain other countries with which the UK has reciprocal arrangements concerning health care can get emergency treatment without charge.

3740: 4411: 3923: 3662: 1682: 5086: 5071: 3150: 2990: 2772: 1372: 552:. The reason given is: only three of the fourteen paragraphs in this subsection relate to the situation since the 2010s, though the 2010s are relevant. 4007: 2298: 712:

any other of the six largest countries in Europe, and were estimated then to have improved beyond the European average. In October 2018, according to

5010: 3802: 1145: 4583: 4562: 3910:

But forms designed to be inclusive have caused confusion and anger among patients and pose a risk to their safety, radiographers told The Telegraph.

3557: 3264: 1741: 1342: 209: 3477: 3778: 4869:. "The Historical Logic of National Health Insurance: Structure and Sequence in the Development of British, Canadian, and U.S. Medical Policy," 2269: 1252:

In 2020, the NHS issued medical advice in combating COVID-19 and partnered with tech companies to create computer dashboards to help combat the

703:

As part of the 2018 funding increase the UK Government asked the NHS in England to produce a 10-year plan as to how this funding would be used.

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improvements to services that are flagging." In November 2018, it was thought that inflation may erode the real value of this funding increase.

4319: 3944:

Radiographers in multiple NHS hospitals have been advised to check if men are pregnant before conducting scans as part of inclusivity guidance.

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found that between 2004/05 and 2016/17 the productivity of the NHS has increased nearly two and a half times as quickly as the larger economy.

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There are some other categories of people who are exempt from the residence requirements such as specific government workers and those in the

2737: 1578: 287: 3821: 3459: 2703: 2677: 4876:

Hilton, Claire. (26 August 2016). Whistle-blowing in the National Health Service since the 1960s History and Policy. Retrieved 11 May 2017.

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has shown its place in British society reflected and debated in film, TV, cartoons and literature. The NHS had a prominent slot during the

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spending by NHS clinical commissioning groups. Currently one-quarter of young people needing mental health services can get NHS help. The

619:

damaging patient care. In 2017, the pay rise was likely to be below the level of inflation and to mean a real-terms pay cut. In 2017, the

2243: 2145: 635:

reported that GPs faced excessive workloads throughout Britain and that this put the GP's health and that of their patients at risk. The

299: 3410: 5081: 4226: 4141: 3957: 3365: 2876: 1256:. During the pandemic, the NHS also established integrated COVID into its 1-1-1 service line as well. Following his discharge from the 4666: 4042: 2616: 1085:

Performance of the NHS is generally assessed separately at the level of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Since 2004 the

5045: 3583: 2838: 924:

Social care will cost more in future according to research by Liverpool University, University College London, and others. Professor

872:. From 2015 to 2022, the number of GPs has fallen by 1,622. Some family doctors have 2,500 patients each, forcing patients to attend 157: 81: 39: 196:

the United Kingdom's model or directly rely on Britain's assessments for their own decisions on state-financed drug reimbursements.

4692: 3889: 3759: 415:, EEA nationals that do not have settled status are now subject to the same restrictions that applied to non-EEA, non-UK residents. 2192: 3710: 2420: 2376: 1253: 1241: 623:

research predicted that that real-terms NHS funding per head was to fall in 2018–19, and stay the same for two years afterwards.

291: 2218: 4905: 1530: 1043: 205: 164:

was created separately and is often locally referred to as "the NHS". The original three systems were established in 1948 (NHS

4437: 1953: 1144:

Over 130,000 deaths since 2012 in the UK could have been prevented if progress in public health policy had not stopped due to

5003: 4888: 4248: 3102: 3057: 1787: 468:(GP) and emergency treatment not including admission to hospital, to non-residents. People with the right to medical care in 759:

be efficiently used the NHS will need a comprehensive and fully funded workforce strategy to ensure future supply of staff.

4820: 1683:"An overview of NHS Procurement of Medicines and Pharmaceutical Products and Services for acute care in the United Kingdom" 1149: 1048: 878: 279: 4944: 716:, 72% of NHS trusts across the UK did not provide dedicated specialist nurses for patients with incurable breast cancer." 4925:

Stewart, John. "The Political Economy of the British National Health Service, 1945–1975: Opportunities and Constraints",

4174: 1029: 643:

In May 2018 it was reported that the NHS was under-resourced compared to health provisions in other developed nations. A

2804: 3031: 2451: 2085: 1656: 1319: 4223:"Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: How the Performance of the U.S. Health Care System Compares Internationally, 2010 Update" 1141:

study compared "the healthcare systems of other developed countries in spending, staff numbers and avoidable deaths".

5030: 4502: 3005: 1389: 1362: 145: 27: 4118: 3854: 5066: 4996: 4092: 2345: 1710: 1275:. The George Cross, the highest award for gallantry available to civilians and is slightly lower in stature to the 1051:

hopes to raise the ratio to 35%. Efforts to improve mental health provisions could reveal previously unmet demand.

772: 295: 2003: 1178: 668:

care. Shortages of equipment and equipment failures had an impact as did relying on ageing diagnostic equipment.

1094:

attempted to rank the NHS against other European health systems from 2014 to 2018. The right-leaning think tank

993: 180:, provided without charge for residents of the United Kingdom apart from dental treatment and optical care. In 4599: 1459: 1035: 473: 458: 4755: 2603: 861:

said that a survey of more than 20,000 frontline staff by the nursing trade union and professional body, the

248: 912:(NDAs) to prevent them from giving the public information. The figures were given on 21 December 2018 after 2295: 1394: 1122: 692: 435: 315: 440:

Everyone living in the UK can use the NHS without being asked to pay the full cost of the service, though

3369: 1474: 1167: 829: 751: 636: 303: 137: 2394: 1080: 4941:

Health Services Since the War. Vol. 1: Problems of Health Care. The National Health Service before 1957

1434: 1329: 1308: 1091: 406: 334: 234: 3204:

Malvezzi, M; Carioli, G; Bertuccio, P; Boffetta, P; Levi, F; La Vecchia, C; Negri, E (19 March 2019).

4802: 3610:"NHS Workforce Statistics - February 2023 (Including selected provisional statistics for March 2023)" 2066:

Martin Powell and Robin Miller, 'Seventy Years of Privatising the British National Health Service?',

1981: 1171: 908:

the Civil Service to keep medicine supplies available in the case of a no-deal Brexit had to sign 26

602: 3336:"Children with 'no other hope' to receive groundbreaking cancer treatment on NHS after funding deal" 1810: 1502: 812:

EU workers joining and leaving the NHS in England, annual variation in absolute numbers (2012–2017)

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who may have paid National Insurance contributions in the past) are liable to charges for services.

1943:

Webster C. The National Health Service: a political history. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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contributions, plus small amounts from patient charges for some services. As of 2016, about 10% of

508: 484: 364: 3460:"UK's 'runaway' health spending costs £10k per household – but produces some of the worst results" 4859:

Gorsky, Martin. "The British National Health Service 1948–2008: A Review of the Historiography,"

2042: 1347: 1257: 1000: 873: 252: 213: 74: 4779: 3381: 2516: 2493: 2193:"Visiting or moving to England? – How to access NHS services (see "Hospital Services" section)" 1870: 1209:

poll reported in May 2018 showed that 74% of the UK public believed there were too few nurses.

1163: 469: 3392: 1357: 1216:, said in March 2019 that the NHS had been under pressure as a result of economic austerity. 1103: 664: 1460:"Health funding in Northern Ireland – Northern Ireland Affairs Committee – House of Commons" 2846: 1352: 1095: 929: 925: 869: 865:, found that only a quarter of shifts had the planned number of registered nurses on duty. 784: 465: 217: 185: 20: 348:

in opposition to the introduction of charges for the provision of dentures, dentists, and

8: 4146: 1736: 1181:. Dissatisfaction with hospital and GP waiting times were the biggest cause of the fall. 322:

achieved in months what had defeated politicians and planners for at least two decades."

244: 57: 960:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

788:

before the government increased health spending significantly, with a 1.25% increase in

601:

60-year period of about 4% a year once inflation has been taken into account. Under the

554:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

417:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

4854: 4350: 4335: 2555: 1921: 1896: 1202:

poll, reported in September 2017, favoured increased taxation to help finance the NHS.

789: 728: 720: 713: 607: 589: 4615: 4922:. King's Fund, London, 1998 now updated to 2014 and available at www.nhshistory.co.uk 3688:"Medical school places must double by 2030 to meet demand for doctors, college warns" 3539: 3531: 3485: 3245: 3237: 3206:"European cancer mortality predictions for the year 2019 with focus on breast cancer" 2850: 2812: 2745: 2711: 1926: 1228: 1185: 1114: 1086: 660: 360: 275: 3127: 2559: 383:, being described as "the institution which more than any other unites our nation". 188:; some, such as those aged over 60, or those on certain state benefits, are exempt. 4932:

Webster, Charles. "Conflict and Consensus: Explaining the British Health Service",

4667:"Coronavirus: Boris Johnson says NHS saved his life after leaving hospital – video" 3523: 3227: 3217: 2547: 1916: 1908: 512: 259: 255:

that the party should be committed to the establishment of a State Health Service.

173: 161: 85: 2106: 4951: 4912: 4895: 4786: 4603: 2302: 2222: 2175:"Are foreigners really gaming the NHS to pay for their medical treatment abroad?" 1747: 1213: 492: 345: 177: 4555:"Advertising execs rank below politicians as Britain's least-trusted profession" 3478:"Wes Streeting says NHS is broken as he announces pay talks with junior doctors" 2604:

Staff praised as NHS productivity grows more than twice as fast as wider economy

1912: 1220:

not necessarily NHS staff – amongst the most trustworthy professions in the UK.

4629: 3432: 3396: 1288: 1287:

In 2015, the UK had 2.6 hospital beds per 1,000 people. In September 2017, the

1276: 1199: 1118: 1110: 755: 644: 353: 271: 141: 64: 4584:

Public support for UK government's handling of NHS in England drops to new low

4292:"Public service productivity: healthcare, England: financial year ending 2017" 1834: 5060: 4463: 4272: 3839: 3535: 3489: 3283: 3241: 3178: 2921: 2895: 2854: 2816: 2749: 2715: 2577: 2551: 2496:

The NHS in England: The NHS: About the NHS: Overview. Retrieved 22 June 2010.

1265: 913: 680: 448: 441: 356: 326: 311: 283: 263: 226: 4490:

NHS public satisfaction dip due to government austerity policies, says Unite

3511: 3222: 3205: 2270:"Categories of exemption – Healthcare in England for visitors – NHS Choices" 5035: 4866: 4600:

9 in 10 disagree with government's handling of NHS in new low, poll reveals

4397: 4373:"View grows that NHS 'must live within its means' as satisfaction plummets" 3806: 3543: 3249: 2621: 2481: 1930: 1742:"70 years of the NHS: How Aneurin Bevan created our beloved health service" 1620: 1272: 892: 857: 519: 149: 102: 31: 4988: 4715: 4394:

Rundown NHS hospitals have become a danger to patients, warn health chiefs

2646:"NHS staff suffer pay cuts in real terms as salaries rise by one per cent" 4902:

Creating the National Health Service: Aneurin Bevan and the Medical Lords

4880: 3718: 1067: 1059: 1054: 763: 743: 685: 672: 576: 380: 4756:"The Queen awards the George Cross to the UK's National Health Services" 4412:"People may be ready to pay extra penny on tax for NHS, Tim Farron says" 4305:

Blakely, Rhys (28 November 2019). "NHS spends least on patient health".

2974:"Nursing shortages forcing NHS to rely on less qualified staff – report" 2773:"Doctors told to leave UK after Home Office refuses to issue them visas" 2366:

National Health Service (Charges to Overseas Visitors) Regulations 1989.

1034:

Some patients have to wait excessively long for mental health care. The

4728: 4220: 4025:"NHS faces staggering increase in cost of elderly care, academics warn" 4008:"Drug firms preparing for no-deal Brexit told to sign 'gagging orders'" 3803:'Demoralised' nurses being 'driven out' of profession, RCN survey finds 3512:"Ara Darzi is charged with uncovering "hard truths" of NHS performance" 3232: 3076:"NHS spending boost will increase burden of taxation, says Jeremy Hunt" 500: 4729:"Queen gives George Cross to NHS for staff's 'courage and dedication'" 4199: 3527: 2805:"A fifth of NHS doctors were bullied or abused last year, study finds" 5040: 3265:"UK breast cancer death rates falling fastest in 'big six' of Europe" 2444:"How does NHS spending compare with health spending internationally?" 1377: 848: 742:

reported that data for 2020 suggests a change, and that the doctors'

319: 307: 153: 119: 35: 2991:

Lack of investment in NHS infrastructure is undermining patient care

95: 4587: 2582: 1261: 1158: 344:

Three years after the founding of the NHS, Bevan resigned from the

290:. Bevan then embarked upon what the official historian of the NHS, 172:

was founded in 1969) as part of major social reforms following the

4851:

Crisis in Britain. Plans and Achievements of the Labour Government

3032:"NHS £20bn boost risks being spent to pay off debts, experts warn" 4630:"Coronavirus: NHS turns to big tech to tackle Covid-19 hot spots" 4320:"Austerity to blame for 130,000 'preventable' UK deaths – report" 4221:

Davis, Karen; Cathy Schoen and Kristof Stremikis (23 June 2010).

3989:"Brexit deal delay could put NHS patients at risk, Tory MP warns" 3179:"Cancer survival in the UK improving, but lagging behind – study" 1312: 1156:

A ranking of individual hospitals around the world, published by

477: 349: 181: 112: 3958:"Hospital is asking men if they're pregnant before taking scans" 3203: 695:

had stated a 5% real-terms increase was needed for real change.

499:

From 15 January 2007, anyone who is working outside the UK as a

4653: 3741:"Poll shows 60% of European doctors are considering leaving UK" 3284:"Terminal breast cancer patients 'abandoned' in nurse shortage" 2704:"Family doctors working 'beyond safe levels', says GPs' leader" 2317:"Moving from outside the EEA – Access to healthcare in England" 1595:"Visible and valued: the way forward for the NHS's hidden army" 1206: 904: 841: 472:(EEA) nations are also entitled to free treatment by using the 412: 233:

Calls for a "unified medical service" can be dated back to the

4072:"Child mental health services will not meet demand, NAO warns" 3890:"NHS staff told to ask men if they are pregnant before X-rays" 3855:"NHS tells staff to ask men if they're pregnant during X-rays" 3822:"GP shortage leaves doctors in some areas with 2,500 patients" 3663:"Brexit causes flight of European health workers from the NHS" 3103:"May's NHS 'Brexit dividend' claim draws scepticism and doubt" 3058:"May's NHS 'Brexit dividend' claim draws scepticism and doubt" 2839:"Shock figures from top thinktank reveal extent of NHS crisis" 2538:

Burch, Patrick (19 December 2018). "Funding in primary care".

1859:(Institute of Public Administration: Dublin, 1987) pp. 188–89. 1162:

in March 2022, no NHS hospital was listed within the top 40.

3558:"Streeting appoints former New Labour minister to review NHS" 2877:"Danger to patients revealed in reports by 18,000 NHS nurses" 2738:"Patient safety getting worse, say two-thirds of NHS doctors" 2478:

NHS crisis caused by Tory underfunding not Covid, say doctors

2146:"Guidance on overseas visitors hospital charging regulations" 1224: 169: 165: 5077:

Medical and health organisations based in the United Kingdom

4976: 4885:

General Practice under the National Health Service 1948–1997

4821:"New report reveals staggering cost to NHS of alcohol abuse" 3760:"Record number of EU citizens quit working in NHS last year" 2678:"Conservatives will break NHS funding pledge, Labour claims" 2421:"Underfunded, underdoctored, overstretched: The NHS in 2016" 2028:

Kenneth O. Morgan, 'Aneurin Bevan' in Kevin Jeffreys (ed.),

1503:"NHS entitlements: migrant health guide – Detailed guidance" 4982: 4970: 648: 4693:"Boris Johnson thanks NHS staff for coronavirus treatment" 4503:"Public satisfaction with the NHS and social care in 2018" 1982:"The NHS in England – About the NHS – NHS core principles" 1307:

2015: NHS Choir - "A Bridge Over You" (being a mashup of "

1102:

A comparative analysis of health care systems in 2010, by

222: 4468: 4438:"Two-thirds support higher taxes to maintain NHS funding" 4277: 3310:"UK still behind in cancer survival despite recent surge" 1534: 1300:

The NHS have released various charity singles including:

1235: 1008: 593: 585: 4920:

From Cradle to Grave: The First 50 (65) Years of the NHS

3779:"NHS 'falls short' on social mobility, think tank warns" 3433:"Delaying National Insurance rise would be 'no problem'" 2540:

InnovAiT: Education and Inspiration for General Practice

1004: 847:

A study by the Centre for Progressive Policy called for

16:

Publicly-funded healthcare systems in the United Kingdom

4530:"The NHS tops list of UK's most cherished institutions" 4464:"Three-quarters of public worried about nurse staffing" 4043:"Delays in NHS mental health treatment 'ruining lives'" 1271:

On 5 July 2021, Queen Elizabeth II awarded the NHS the

805:

and technical staff at 163,000 and doctors at 133,000.

4964: 4200:"UK health system is top on "efficiency", says report" 3840:"Plan to train and retain more NHS doctors and nurses" 3151:"NHS facing huge shortfall without Treasury injection" 2948:"UK cancer and children's wards being hit by closures" 2676:

Stewart, Heather; Campbell, Denis (23 November 2017).

2342:"Increase in health charge paid by temporary migrants" 2244:"Non-EEA country-by-country guide – Healthcare abroad" 2032:(I.B. Taurus: London & New York, 2002), pp. 91–92. 1325:

2018: National Health Singers - "NHS 70: Won't Let Go"

1260:

in London on 13 April 2020 after being diagnosed with

352:; resigning in support was fellow minister and future 3924:"NHS radiographers told to check if men are pregnant" 3739:

O'Carroll, Lisa; Campbell, Denis (28 February 2017).

3738: 3584:"Chapter 4: NHS staff will get the backing they need" 2617:"Health unions urge Theresa May to ditch NHS pay cap" 26:

For the individual national healthcare services, see

3006:"Taxes and 'Brexit dividend' to fund NHS cash boost" 1857:

Health, Medicine & Politics in Ireland 1900–1970

1248:

COVID-19 vaccination programme in the United Kingdom

584:

In 2016, the systems were 98.8% funded from general

4273:"The hospitals that fail to treat patients on time" 4065: 4063: 2922:"Pathologists shortage 'delaying cancer diagnosis'" 1657:"The UK has much to fear from a US trade agreement" 4929:, October 2008, Vol. 52, Issue 4, pp. 453–70. 3334: 2771: 2644: 1808: 1740: 1711:"US takes aim at the UK's National Health Service" 1373:Criticism of the National Health Service (England) 891:In 2024, multiple NHS hospitals started mandating 1475:"The principles and values of the NHS in England" 727:On 7 January 2019, the NHS England published the 409:may be compromised due to out-of-date information 251:, successfully proposed a resolution at the 1934 5058: 4119:"The NHS has never been the 'envy of the world'" 4060: 2423:. Royal College of Physicians. 21 September 2016 1802: 210:History of the National Health Service (England) 4803:NHS hospital bed numbers: past, present, future 4175:"International Health Care Outcomes Index 2022" 4087: 4085: 2675: 2578:"10 charts that show why the NHS is in trouble" 2030:Labour Forces: From Ernie Bevin to Gordon Brown 1621:"10 charts that show why the NHS is in trouble" 1192: 1081:Health system § Health systems performance 3758:Marsh, Sarah; Duncan, Pamela (30 March 2017). 2571: 2569: 1735: 1729: 5004: 4985:of Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland 4936:, April 1990, Vol. 1 Issue 2, pp. 115–51 4873:April 1998, Vol. 12 Issue 1, pp. 57–130. 3216:(5). Oxford University Press (OUP): 781–787. 1003:. Consider transferring direct quotations to 4082: 3411:"Chancellor 'doubles NHS efficiency target'" 2296:"Important NHS charges in visa applications" 2070:, vol. 50, no. 1 (January 2016), pp. 99–118. 1907:(7655). British Medical Journal: 1216–1218. 386: 377:2012 London Summer Olympics opening ceremony 5018: 4753: 4005: 3986: 3757: 2566: 2344:. OnMedica. 6 February 2018. Archived from 2314: 2082:"Danny Boyle's intro on Olympics programme" 1525: 1523: 919: 5011: 4997: 4871:Studies in American Political Development, 4863:Dec 2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, pp. 437–60 4616:Advice for everyone-Coronavirus (COVID-19) 4142:"A close encounter with the property boom" 3000: 2998: 2509: 1557:"10 truths about Britain's health service" 19:"NHS" redirects here. For other uses, see 5087:Collective recipients of the George Cross 5072:1948 establishments in the United Kingdom 5046:Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland) 3509: 3231: 3221: 2896:"NHS 'poor' on treating deadly illnesses" 1920: 1894: 1497: 1495: 659:For the period between 2010 and 2018 the 464:The NHS is free at the point of use, for 40:Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland) 4435: 4139: 4040: 3955: 3457: 3262: 3029: 2971: 2945: 2836: 2802: 2614: 2185: 2172: 1520: 807: 575: 221: 4818: 4716:https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16313 4461: 4375:. Health Service Journal. 30 March 2022 4304: 4225:. The Commonwealth Fund. Archived from 3887: 3819: 3777:Collins, Annabelle (24 February 2020). 3776: 3702: 3660: 3413:. Health Service Journal. 20 March 2022 3307: 2995: 2893: 2642: 2575: 2441: 2004:"Paying for dental treatment in the UK" 1835:White Paper – A National Health Service 1618: 1580:NHS Workforce Statistics - January 2024 1304:2015: National Health Singers - "Yours" 1242:COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom 719:In September 2019 it was reported that 314:in 1969 when control was passed to the 5059: 4654:Check if you have coronavirus symptoms 4627: 3852: 3148: 3100: 3055: 2874: 2769: 1811:"Social Insurance and Allied Services" 1592: 1492: 1236:Role in combating coronavirus pandemic 903:There was a concern that a disorderly 691:In June 2018 it was reported that the 206:History of the National Health Service 4992: 4436:Campbell, Denis (16 September 2017). 4409: 4093:"Mind responds to NHS long term plan" 3173: 3171: 2919: 2735: 2701: 2537: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2305:, "Immigration Media", 18 March 2015. 2120: 2079: 1868: 1640: 1295: 994:too many or overly lengthy quotations 4069: 3921: 3708: 3308:Boseley, Sarah (11 September 2019). 3281: 3149:Savage, Michael (25 November 2018). 2946:Campbell, Denis (18 November 2018). 2219:"NHS charges for people from abroad" 2173:Nardelli, Alberto (11 August 2015). 1809:Beveridge, William (November 1942). 1435:"NHS Identity Guidelines | NHS logo" 1150:Institute for Public Policy Research 1099:faced catastrophic health spending. 1049:Department of Health and Social Care 976: 940: 534: 525: 390: 306:'s Public Health Services Act 1947. 50:Logos of the National Health Service 4721: 4656:111.nhs.uk, accessed 12 April 2020. 4618:www.nhs.uk, accessed 12 April 2020. 4041:Campbell, Dennis (8 October 2018). 3968:from the original on 13 August 2024 3934:from the original on 12 August 2024 3900:from the original on 13 August 2024 3888:Searles, Michael (11 August 2024). 3865:from the original on 12 August 2024 3030:Campbell, Denis (21 October 2018). 2803:Campbell, Denis (1 November 2018). 1897:"Founding Principles (31 May 2008)" 1472: 1030:Mental health in the United Kingdom 457:Citizens of the EU holding a valid 13: 4842: 4410:Mason, Rowena (30 December 2016). 3956:Kingsley, Thomas (29 March 2022). 3922:Wace, Charlotte (11 August 2024). 3636:"NHS Workforce Interactive Report" 3510:Iacobucci, Gareth (12 July 2024). 3168: 2466: 2068:Social Policy & Administration 1320:With a Little Help from My Friends 411:. The reason given is: Because of 138:publicly funded healthcare systems 14: 5098: 5082:Organizations established in 1948 5031:National Health Service (England) 4958: 4934:Twentieth Century British History 4780:NHS statistics, facts and figures 4154:from the original on 4 April 2023 4140:Johnston, Philip (7 April 2014). 3382:British Medical Association (BMA) 3347:from the original on 18 June 2022 3263:Campbell, Denis (19 March 2019). 2920:Forde, Emma (16 September 2018). 2784:from the original on 18 June 2022 2657:from the original on 18 June 2022 2576:Triggle, Nick (8 February 2017). 2442:Appelby, John (20 January 2016). 1755:from the original on 18 June 2022 1390:Health care in the United Kingdom 1363:Private providers of NHS services 28:National Health Service (England) 4812: 4796: 4773: 4747: 4707: 4685: 4659: 4647: 4621: 4609: 4593: 4577: 4547: 4527: 4521: 4495: 4483: 4455: 4429: 4403: 4387: 4365: 4343: 4336:Stein A, Kilic Y, Korolewicz J. 4329: 4313: 4298: 4284: 4266: 4241: 4214: 4192: 4172: 4166: 4133: 4111: 4034: 4018: 4006:Rajeev Syal (23 December 2018). 3999: 3987:Sarah Marsh (16 February 2018). 3980: 3949: 3928:The Times & The Sunday Times 3915: 3881: 3846: 3832: 3820:Hayward, Eleanor (1 June 2022). 3813: 3796: 3770: 3458:Donnelly, Laura (23 July 2022). 3282:Ives, Laurel (13 October 2018). 3128:"Spending on the NHS in England" 2702:Marsh, Sarah (18 January 2018). 2643:Forster, Katie (28 March 2017). 2615:Campbell, Denis (19 June 2017). 2107:Kilic Y, Korolewicz J, Stein A. 1531:"Who can get free prescriptions" 1282: 981: 945: 936: 916:asked a parliamentary question. 868:The NHS is facing a shortage of 773:Office for Budget Responsibility 671:In 2018, British Prime Minister 539: 395: 239:Royal Commission on the Poor Law 111: 94: 73: 56: 4070:Syal, Rajeev (9 October 2018). 3853:Quadri, Sami (11 August 2024). 3751: 3732: 3711:"Brexit gelungenn, Patient tot" 3680: 3661:Aguilar, Carmen (29 May 2018). 3654: 3628: 3602: 3576: 3550: 3503: 3470: 3451: 3425: 3403: 3386: 3375: 3359: 3327: 3301: 3275: 3256: 3197: 3142: 3120: 3094: 3068: 3049: 3023: 2984: 2965: 2939: 2913: 2887: 2875:Savage, Michael (12 May 2018). 2868: 2830: 2796: 2763: 2736:Booth, Robert (12 March 2018). 2729: 2695: 2669: 2636: 2608: 2597: 2531: 2499: 2487: 2435: 2413: 2387: 2369: 2360: 2334: 2308: 2288: 2262: 2236: 2211: 2166: 2138: 2114: 2100: 2073: 2060: 2035: 2022: 1996: 1974: 1960: 1946: 1937: 1888: 1862: 1849: 1840: 1828: 1780: 1767: 1703: 1675: 1649: 1634: 1612: 1179:British Social Attitudes Survey 1133:, commenting on a study in the 136:) is the umbrella term for the 4819:Boseley, Sarah (4 July 2019). 4338:What is the NHS's performance? 3101:Walker, Peter (17 June 2018). 3056:Walker, Peter (17 June 2018). 2894:Triggle, Nick (26 June 2018). 2837:Campbell, Denis (5 May 2018). 2519:. NHS choices. 28 January 2013 2315:NHS Choices (18 August 2015). 2084:. Awards Daily. Archived from 1869:Wales, NHS (23 October 2006). 1586: 1571: 1549: 1466: 1452: 1427: 1407: 1166:was ranked at 41, followed by 1074: 1036:Royal College of Psychiatrists 474:European Health Insurance Card 459:European Health Insurance Card 1: 4628:Kellon, Leo (28 March 2020). 4462:Triggle, Nick (13 May 2018). 4351:"World's Best Hospitals 2022" 2972:PA Media (28 November 2019). 1645:. Vintage Books. p. 864. 1643:The English and Their History 1619:Triggle, Nick (24 May 2018). 1420: 1254:nation's coronavirus pandemic 1223:In November 2022 a survey by 783:reported that the think tank 249:Socialist Medical Association 3130:. fullfact.org. 20 July 2016 2770:Bulman, Mary (5 June 2018). 2080:Adams, Ryan (27 July 2012). 1790:. Labour Party. October 1934 1593:Cowper, Andy (23 May 2016). 1395:Health in the United Kingdom 1328:2020: NHS and keyworkers - " 1193:Public perception of the NHS 1123:Institute for Fiscal Studies 693:Institute for Fiscal Studies 436:Immigration health surcharge 371:From its earliest days, the 316:Secretary of State for Wales 7: 4861:Social History of Medicine, 4754:Emma.Goodey (4 July 2021). 1913:10.1136/bmj.39582.501192.94 1901:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 1559:. Guardian. 18 January 2016 1336: 1168:University College Hospital 830:Royal College of Physicians 799: 637:Royal College of Physicians 373:cultural history of the NHS 335:private finance initiatives 304:Northern Ireland Parliament 184:, NHS patients have to pay 10: 5103: 4121:. Spectator. 5 August 2021 2043:"NHS prescription charges" 1343:History of the NHS England 1309:Bridge Over Troubled Water 1245: 1239: 1092:Euro Health Consumer Index 1078: 1027: 836: 530: 433: 203: 199: 25: 18: 5026: 4809:, accessed 14 March 2020. 4793:, accessed 14 March 2020. 4695:. BBC News. 13 April 2020 3709:mamk (23 February 2017). 3690:. GP Online. 25 June 2018 1956:. Hansard. 30 April 1946. 1954:"NHS Bill Second Reading" 1264:, British Prime Minister 954:This section needs to be 910:Non-Disclosure Agreements 898: 771:, recently leader of the 548:This section needs to be 387:Eligibility for treatment 4950:19 December 2020 at the 4202:. BBC News. 23 June 2010 2552:10.1177/1755738018805186 2301:21 December 2018 at the 1895:Delamothe, Tony (2008). 1400: 1368:Special health authority 1001:summarize the quotations 920:Rising social care costs 863:Royal College of Nursing 748:professional association 734: 621:House of Commons Library 229:, the founder of the NHS 5067:National Health Service 5020:National Health Service 4911:18 October 2018 at the 4853:(1950) pp. 352–41 4254:. Kings Fund. July 2018 2395:"How the NHS is funded" 2121:Bevan, Aneurin (1952). 1984:. Nhs.uk. 23 March 2009 1788:"Health Service debate" 1777:(London, 1964), p. 229. 1775:The Hospitals 1800–1948 1348:History of NHS Scotland 1330:You'll Never Walk Alone 1135:British Medical Journal 706: 626: 613: 571: 365:Conservative government 253:Labour Party Conference 214:History of NHS Scotland 130:National Health Service 4353:. Newsweek. March 2022 4249:"How good is the NHS?" 3783:Health Service Journal 2008:Oral Health Foundation 1968:"Kingsfund, July 2013" 1816:. HM Stationery Office 1641:Tombs, Robert (2014). 1599:Health Service Journal 1172:Addenbrooke's Hospital 879:Health and Social Care 825: 581: 470:European Economic Area 359:. The following year, 230: 158:Health and Social Care 4967:of the NHS in England 4883:and Charles Webster. 3366:An NHS under pressure 3223:10.1093/annonc/mdz051 1358:National Care Service 1104:The Commonwealth Fund 1044:National Audit Office 1028:Further information: 870:general practitioners 811: 665:Birmingham University 579: 225: 204:Further information: 4894:23 June 2018 at the 4807:www.kingsfund.org.uk 4565:on 30 September 2019 4528:Team, Mintel Press. 3842:. BBC. 30 June 2023. 3343:. 5 September 2018. 2847:Guardian Media Group 2517:"The NHS in England" 1871:"NHS Wales | 1960's" 1737:Thomas-Symonds, Nick 1661:www.newstatesman.com 1353:History of NHS Wales 1318:2018: NHS Voices - " 1258:St. Thomas' Hospital 1109:A 2018 study by the 930:Royal College of GPs 926:Helen Stokes-Lampard 522:stationed overseas. 466:general practitioner 337:and joint ventures. 218:History of NHS Wales 186:prescription charges 21:NHS (disambiguation) 4785:7 June 2021 at the 4147:The Daily Telegraph 3562:Civil Service World 3185:. 12 September 2019 3080:Jersey Evening Post 2377:"Health spending -" 1164:St Thomas' Hospital 663:funded research by 509:ordinarily resident 485:ordinarily resident 302:from 1947, and the 258:Following the 1942 247:, President of the 245:Somerville Hastings 4939:Webster, Charles. 4805:29 September 2017 3588:NHS Long Term Plan 3210:Annals of Oncology 2454:on 16 October 2016 2348:on 6 February 2018 2088:on 6 February 2013 1773:Brian Abel-Smith, 1439:www.england.nhs.uk 1296:NHS music releases 1148:, analysis by the 828:In June 2018, the 826: 790:National Insurance 729:NHS Long Term Plan 721:Cancer Research UK 714:Breast Cancer Care 608:University of York 590:National Insurance 582: 507:Those who are not 231: 5054: 5053: 4900:Rintala, Marvin. 4849:Brady, Robert A. 4791:www.nhsconfed.org 4294:. 9 January 2019. 3528:10.1136/bmj.q1552 2401:. 15 January 2016 2294:Bruno Rodrigues, 2010:. 16 January 2017 1855:Ruth Barrington, 1537:. 9 November 2020 1229:Health Foundation 1212:The trade union, 1198:respondents to a 1186:NHS Confederation 1115:Health Foundation 1087:Commonwealth Fund 1026: 1025: 975: 974: 661:Health Foundation 631:In January 2018, 569: 568: 526:Historical issues 432: 431: 361:Winston Churchill 346:Labour government 296:England and Wales 144:, comprising the 5094: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4990: 4989: 4983:Official website 4977:Official website 4971:Official website 4965:Official website 4879:Loudon, Irvine, 4836: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4816: 4810: 4800: 4794: 4777: 4771: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4760:The Royal Family 4751: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4725: 4719: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4625: 4619: 4613: 4607: 4597: 4591: 4581: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4561:. Archived from 4551: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4433: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4407: 4401: 4391: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4369: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4347: 4341: 4333: 4327: 4317: 4311: 4310: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4288: 4282: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4253: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4179: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4137: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4099:. 7 January 2019 4089: 4080: 4079: 4067: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4038: 4032: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3939: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3905: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3872: 3870: 3859:Evening Standard 3850: 3844: 3843: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3817: 3811: 3800: 3794: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3774: 3768: 3767: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3706: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3647: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3590:. 21 August 2019 3580: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3554: 3548: 3547: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3407: 3401: 3390: 3384: 3379: 3373: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3338: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3235: 3225: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3175: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3072: 3066: 3065: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3002: 2993: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2775: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2648: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2612: 2606: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2573: 2564: 2563: 2535: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2513: 2507: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2485: 2475: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2450:. Archived from 2439: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2312: 2306: 2292: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2276:. 18 August 2015 2266: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2250:. 1 January 2016 2240: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2124:In Place of Fear 2118: 2112: 2109:What is the NHS? 2104: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2077: 2071: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2039: 2033: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1950: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1934: 1924: 1892: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1875:www.wales.nhs.uk 1866: 1860: 1853: 1847: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1815: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1784: 1778: 1771: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1744: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1687: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1653: 1647: 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4708: 4698: 4696: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4673:. 12 April 2020 4665: 4664: 4660: 4652: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4626: 4622: 4614: 4610: 4604:The Independent 4598: 4594: 4582: 4578: 4568: 4566: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4538: 4536: 4526: 4522: 4512: 4510: 4507:The King's Fund 4501: 4500: 4496: 4488: 4484: 4474: 4472: 4460: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4434: 4430: 4420: 4418: 4408: 4404: 4392: 4388: 4378: 4376: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4330: 4318: 4314: 4303: 4299: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4271: 4267: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4230: 4229:on 27 July 2010 4219: 4215: 4205: 4203: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4171: 4167: 4157: 4155: 4138: 4134: 4124: 4122: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4097:www.mind.org.uk 4091: 4090: 4083: 4068: 4061: 4051: 4049: 4039: 4035: 4023: 4019: 4004: 4000: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3962:The Independent 3954: 3950: 3937: 3935: 3920: 3916: 3903: 3901: 3886: 3882: 3868: 3866: 3851: 3847: 3838: 3837: 3833: 3818: 3814: 3801: 3797: 3787: 3785: 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1768: 1758: 1756: 1748:The Independent 1739:(3 July 2018). 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1694: 1692: 1690:www.sps.nhs.uk/ 1685: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1666: 1664: 1655: 1654: 1650: 1639: 1635: 1625: 1623: 1617: 1613: 1603: 1601: 1591: 1587: 1577: 1576: 1572: 1562: 1560: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1540: 1538: 1529: 1528: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1501: 1500: 1493: 1483: 1481: 1471: 1467: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1408: 1403: 1339: 1298: 1285: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1195: 1083: 1077: 1032: 1022: 1016: 1013: 1007:or excerpts to 998: 986: 982: 971: 965: 962: 959: 950: 946: 939: 922: 901: 839: 824: 820: 818: 814: 802: 762:In March 2022, 737: 709: 629: 616: 574: 565: 559: 556: 553: 544: 540: 533: 528: 438: 428: 422: 419: 416: 404:This section's 400: 396: 389: 310:was split from 292:Charles Webster 288:Health Minister 235:Minority Report 220: 202: 178:health services 126: 125: 124: 123: 122: 116: 107: 106: 105: 99: 90: 89: 88: 78: 69: 68: 67: 61: 52: 51: 43: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5100: 5090: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5016: 5015: 5008: 5001: 4993: 4987: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4960: 4959:External links 4957: 4955: 4954: 4937: 4930: 4923: 4916: 4898: 4877: 4874: 4864: 4857: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4811: 4795: 4772: 4746: 4720: 4706: 4684: 4658: 4646: 4620: 4608: 4592: 4576: 4546: 4520: 4509:. 7 March 2019 4494: 4492:. 7 March 2019 4482: 4454: 4428: 4402: 4386: 4364: 4342: 4328: 4312: 4297: 4283: 4265: 4240: 4213: 4191: 4165: 4132: 4110: 4081: 4059: 4033: 4017: 3998: 3979: 3948: 3914: 3880: 3845: 3831: 3812: 3810:. 6 June 2022 3795: 3769: 3750: 3731: 3715:Spiegel Online 3701: 3679: 3653: 3627: 3601: 3575: 3564:. 11 July 2024 3549: 3502: 3469: 3450: 3424: 3402: 3385: 3374: 3358: 3326: 3300: 3274: 3255: 3196: 3167: 3141: 3119: 3093: 3082:. 18 June 2018 3067: 3048: 3022: 2994: 2983: 2964: 2938: 2912: 2886: 2867: 2829: 2795: 2762: 2728: 2694: 2668: 2635: 2607: 2596: 2565: 2546:(2): 100–104. 2530: 2508: 2498: 2486: 2465: 2434: 2412: 2386: 2381:www.ifs.org.uk 2368: 2359: 2333: 2307: 2287: 2261: 2235: 2210: 2199:. 26 June 2015 2184: 2165: 2152:. 6 April 2016 2137: 2113: 2099: 2072: 2059: 2047:politics.co.uk 2034: 2021: 1995: 1973: 1959: 1945: 1936: 1887: 1861: 1848: 1839: 1827: 1801: 1779: 1766: 1728: 1702: 1674: 1648: 1633: 1611: 1585: 1570: 1548: 1519: 1491: 1473:Choices, NHS. 1465: 1451: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1405: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1392: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1326: 1323: 1316: 1305: 1297: 1294: 1284: 1281: 1277:Victoria Cross 1240:Main article: 1237: 1234: 1194: 1191: 1119:Nuffield Trust 1076: 1073: 1024: 1023: 989: 987: 980: 973: 972: 953: 951: 944: 938: 935: 921: 918: 900: 897: 838: 835: 819: 813: 801: 798: 779:In July 2022, 736: 733: 708: 705: 628: 625: 615: 612: 573: 570: 567: 566: 547: 545: 538: 532: 529: 527: 524: 430: 429: 423:September 2022 403: 401: 394: 388: 385: 354:Prime Minister 298:from 1946 and 272:Clement Attlee 201: 198: 142:United Kingdom 117: 110: 109: 108: 100: 93: 92: 91: 79: 72: 71: 70: 65:NHS in England 62: 55: 54: 53: 49: 48: 47: 46: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5099: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5009: 5007: 5002: 5000: 4995: 4994: 4991: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4953: 4949: 4946: 4943:(1988) 479pp 4942: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4918:Rivett G. C. 4917: 4914: 4910: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4858: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4847: 4826: 4822: 4815: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4792: 4789:14 July 2017 4788: 4784: 4781: 4776: 4761: 4757: 4750: 4735:. 5 July 2021 4734: 4730: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4694: 4688: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4655: 4650: 4635: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4580: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4535: 4531: 4524: 4508: 4504: 4498: 4491: 4486: 4471: 4470: 4465: 4458: 4443: 4439: 4432: 4417: 4413: 4406: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4390: 4374: 4368: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4308: 4301: 4293: 4287: 4280: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4250: 4244: 4228: 4224: 4217: 4201: 4195: 4176: 4169: 4153: 4149: 4148: 4143: 4136: 4120: 4114: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4086: 4077: 4073: 4066: 4064: 4048: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4002: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3945: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3918: 3911: 3899: 3895: 3894:The Telegraph 3891: 3884: 3877: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3841: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3816: 3809: 3808: 3804: 3799: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3735: 3720: 3717:(in German). 3716: 3712: 3705: 3689: 3683: 3668: 3664: 3657: 3642:. 25 May 2023 3641: 3637: 3631: 3616:. 25 May 2023 3615: 3611: 3605: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3506: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3465: 3464:The Telegraph 3461: 3454: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3412: 3406: 3400:. 19 May 2022 3399: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3383: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3330: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3270: 3266: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3200: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3172: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3129: 3123: 3108: 3104: 3097: 3081: 3077: 3071: 3063: 3059: 3052: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2968: 2953: 2949: 2942: 2927: 2923: 2916: 2901: 2897: 2890: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2818: 2814: 2810: 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