28:
500:, under which tenants paid tax assessed according to their knight's fee, instead of providing knights. Before the mid-13th century the fiefdoms had not been heritable owing to the uncertainty of whether the heir of the tenant would be capable of providing the required knight-service. As scutage replaced knight-service, that question fell outside consideration. Heirs were therefore able to succeed fiefs in exchange for the payment of a
455:, which required the tenant to provide a number of knights for their liege for 40 days per annum. After the served days, the liege was obliged either to begin paying the knights, or to dismiss them. However, tenants who held their land by the tenure of knight-service were not permitted to pass their lands to the heir automatically, but were required to obtain the lord's approval.
390:
existed, each effectively a contract with differing rights and duties attached thereto. Such tenures could be either free-hold if they were hereditable or perpetual or non-free if they terminated on the tenant's death or at an earlier specified period.
419:
declared himself to be the sole allodial owner of the entire realm, that land tenures changed drastically. In
William's kingdom the common exchange and sale of land became restricted and all landholders were made to provide a service to their lord
434:
William stripped the land from those who opposed him and redistributed it among his followers. He introduced a new type of feudalism, in which obligation extended right down through the hierarchy, a model informed by the
458:
The system failed because the assessment of knight's fees became impossible to maintain. A few estates retained the same wealth and population as when first
462:, with the result that the lord provided only a small number of the knights whom he was actually able to muster. Another issue was the practice of
369:
744:
710:
676:
642:
608:
543:
411:: the landowners simply cooperated with the king out of a mutual interest instead of legal obligation. It was not until the
466:, by which the subtenants were able to alienate the land to tenants of their own. This became unpopular among the
362:
27:
290:
796:
791:
781:
34:
786:
508:
355:
422:
668:
Ecclesiastical
Lordship, Seigneurial Power and the Commercialization of Milling in Medieval England
600:
Ecclesiastical
Lordship, Seigneurial Power and the Commercialization of Milling in Medieval England
776:
400:
452:
416:
383:
230:
801:
493:
169:
125:
19:
8:
115:
60:
280:
120:
740:
706:
672:
638:
604:
539:
155:
130:
310:
734:
700:
666:
632:
598:
570:
533:
467:
448:
412:
240:
110:
41:
463:
408:
270:
245:
160:
95:
70:
770:
501:
476:
300:
285:
404:
330:
235:
387:
225:
205:
165:
145:
481:
325:
65:
459:
345:
275:
260:
85:
471:
265:
250:
185:
90:
75:
497:
335:
320:
255:
200:
195:
175:
100:
512:
315:
135:
105:
80:
180:
702:
A Short
Historical Introduction to the Law of Real Property
634:
A Short
Historical Introduction to the Law of Real Property
575:. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green. p. 82
535:
A Short
Historical Introduction to the Law of Real Property
436:
190:
55:
496:, knight-service came to be replaced by the tenure of
407:
large parts of the realm were unoccupied and owned as
699:Lawler, J. John; Lawler, Gail Gates (August 2000).
631:Lawler, J. John; Lawler, Gail Gates (August 2000).
532:Lawler, J. John; Lawler, Gail Gates (August 2000).
768:
363:
698:
630:
531:
442:
564:
562:
370:
356:
511:declared that all land was to be held by
733:QC, Michael Barnes (20 February 2020).
592:
590:
568:
559:
487:
394:
769:
739:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 681.
692:
624:
525:
35:Harold Sacramentum Fecit Willelmo Duci
664:
596:
658:
587:
13:
732:
572:Lectures on the History of England
515:tenure, ending the feudal tenure.
14:
813:
429:
26:
764:Aspect of Medieval English law
726:
291:Peerages in the United Kingdom
1:
705:. Beard Books. pp. 6–8.
665:Lucas, Adam (29 April 2016).
597:Lucas, Adam (29 April 2016).
518:
216:Feudal land tenure in England
7:
386:several different forms of
10:
818:
637:. Beard Books. p. 3.
538:. Beard Books. p. 3.
509:Tenures Abolition Act 1660
671:. Routledge. p. 51.
603:. Routledge. p. 48.
569:Longman, William (1863).
492:During the course of the
443:Barony and knight-service
502:type of inheritance tax
480:. In compensation, the
451:held their land by the
423:no land without a lord
417:William the Conqueror
384:English feudal system
231:English feudal barony
797:Medieval English law
792:English property law
782:Feudalism in England
494:late medieval period
488:Late medieval period
470:, and was banned by
395:High medieval period
126:Feudal fragmentation
736:The Law of Estoppel
61:Ecclesiastical fief
482:sale of properties
281:Customary freehold
121:Feudal maintenance
787:Real property law
746:978-1-5099-0940-7
712:978-1-58798-032-9
678:978-1-317-14647-6
644:978-1-58798-032-9
610:978-1-317-14647-6
545:978-1-58798-032-9
380:
379:
156:Lord of the manor
131:Bastard feudalism
20:English feudalism
809:
758:
757:
755:
753:
730:
724:
723:
721:
719:
696:
690:
689:
687:
685:
662:
656:
655:
653:
651:
628:
622:
621:
619:
617:
594:
585:
584:
582:
580:
566:
557:
556:
554:
552:
529:
484:was made legal.
453:tenure of barony
449:tenants-in-chief
372:
365:
358:
311:Avera and inward
45:
30:
16:
15:
817:
816:
812:
811:
810:
808:
807:
806:
767:
766:
765:
762:
761:
751:
749:
747:
731:
727:
717:
715:
713:
697:
693:
683:
681:
679:
663:
659:
649:
647:
645:
629:
625:
615:
613:
611:
595:
588:
578:
576:
567:
560:
550:
548:
546:
530:
526:
521:
490:
445:
437:military system
432:
413:Norman conquest
409:allodial titles
397:
376:
340:
295:
210:
140:
47:
46:
42:Bayeux Tapestry
39:
38:
12:
11:
5:
815:
805:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
763:
760:
759:
745:
725:
711:
691:
677:
657:
643:
623:
609:
586:
558:
544:
523:
522:
520:
517:
489:
486:
468:superior lords
464:subinfeudation
444:
441:
431:
430:Norman reforms
428:
396:
393:
378:
377:
375:
374:
367:
360:
352:
349:
348:
342:
341:
339:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
307:
304:
303:
297:
296:
294:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
246:Knight-service
243:
238:
233:
228:
222:
219:
218:
212:
211:
209:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
163:
161:Manorial court
158:
152:
149:
148:
142:
141:
139:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
96:Subinfeudation
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
71:Allodial title
68:
63:
58:
52:
49:
48:
32:
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
814:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
777:Feudal duties
775:
774:
772:
748:
742:
738:
737:
729:
714:
708:
704:
703:
695:
680:
674:
670:
669:
661:
646:
640:
636:
635:
627:
612:
606:
602:
601:
593:
591:
574:
573:
565:
563:
547:
541:
537:
536:
528:
524:
516:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
485:
483:
479:
478:
477:Quia Emptores
474:in his edict
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
440:
438:
427:
425:
424:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
392:
389:
385:
373:
368:
366:
361:
359:
354:
353:
351:
350:
347:
344:
343:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
306:
305:
302:
301:Feudal duties
299:
298:
292:
289:
287:
286:Landed gentry
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
221:
220:
217:
214:
213:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
171:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
153:
151:
150:
147:
144:
143:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
51:
50:
43:
37:
36:
29:
25:
24:
21:
18:
17:
750:. Retrieved
735:
728:
716:. Retrieved
701:
694:
682:. Retrieved
667:
660:
648:. Retrieved
633:
626:
614:. Retrieved
599:
577:. Retrieved
571:
549:. Retrieved
534:
527:
506:
491:
475:
457:
446:
433:
421:
405:ancient past
398:
381:
331:Scot and lot
241:Knight's fee
236:Feudal baron
215:
33:
802:Land tenure
388:land tenure
226:Land tenure
206:Free tenant
166:Manor house
146:Manorialism
771:Categories
752:14 January
718:14 January
684:17 January
650:17 January
616:14 January
579:14 January
551:17 January
519:References
382:Under the
326:Feudal aid
66:Crown land
460:enfeoffed
346:Feudalism
276:Gavelkind
261:Serjeanty
86:Feoffment
472:Edward I
271:Freehold
266:Copyhold
251:Baronage
186:Overlord
116:Affinity
91:Seignory
76:Appanage
498:scutage
415:, when
401:England
336:Tallage
321:Scutage
256:Peerage
201:Serfdom
196:Peasant
176:Demesne
101:Feoffee
743:
709:
675:
641:
607:
542:
513:socage
316:Socage
136:Livery
111:Homage
106:Fealty
81:Vassal
181:Glebe
754:2021
741:ISBN
720:2021
707:ISBN
686:2021
673:ISBN
652:2021
639:ISBN
618:2021
605:ISBN
581:2021
553:2021
540:ISBN
507:The
447:The
426:").
191:Lord
170:List
56:Fief
403:'s
399:In
773::
589:^
561:^
504:.
439:.
420:("
756:.
722:.
688:.
654:.
620:.
583:.
555:.
371:e
364:t
357:v
172:)
168:(
44:)
40:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
