2140:. It is a critique of American law that was created to change the way women were treated and how judges had applied the law in order to keep women in the same position they had been in for years. The women who worked in this area viewed law as holding women in a lower place in society than men based on gender assumptions, and judges have therefore relied on these assumptions to make their decisions. This movement originated in the 1960s and 1970s with the purpose of achieving equality for women by challenging laws that made distinctions on the basis of sex. One example of this sex-based discrimination during these times was the struggles for equal admission and access to their desired education. The women's experiences and persistence to fight for equal access led to low rates of retention and mental health issues, including anxiety disorders. Through their experiences, they were influenced to create new legal theory that fought for their rights and those that came after them in education and broader marginalized communities which led to the creation of the legal scholarship feminist legal theory in the 1970s and 1980s. It was crucial to allowing women to become their own people through becoming financially independent and having the ability to find real jobs that were not available to them before due to discrimination in employment. The foundation of feminist legal theory reflects these second and third-wave feminist struggles. However, feminist legal theorists today extend their work beyond overt discrimination by employing a variety of approaches to understand and address how the law contributes to gender inequality.
2274:
between women and men puts one sex at a disadvantage; therefore, the law should compensate women and men for their differences and disadvantages. These differences between women and men may be biological or culturally constructed. The difference model is in direct opposition to the sameness account which holds that women's sameness with men should be emphasized. To the sameness feminist, employing women's differences in an attempt to garner greater rights is ineffectual to that end and places emphasis on the very characteristics of women that have historically precluded them from achieving equality with men.
2331:
created to build more access. For this reason, Crenshaw's "Mapping the
Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color" should remain a canonical to this topic to continue to support and challenge the gender essentialism within feminism culture and ideology the marginalized women of color by protection them further in legal implications through support. Kimberlé Crenshaw's formation of intersectionality within feminist legal theory has given more women and people living multifaceted lives more representation in an arguable essentialist legal arena.
2291:
limiting access and equal rights in all areas of life. Further, dominance theorists reject the difference model because it uses men as the benchmark of equality. While the liberal equality model and difference theory aim to achieve equality for women and men, the dominance model's end goal is to liberate women from men. Dominance theorists understand gender inequality as a result of an imbalance of power between women and men and believe the law contributes to this subordination of women. It thus joins certain strands of
51:
4945:
4959:
3549:
2069:
2306:, sexuality is central to the dominance. MacKinnon argues that women's sexuality is socially constructed by male dominance and the sexual domination of women by men is a primary source of the general social subordination of women. According to MacKinnon, the legal system perpetuates inequalities between women and men by creating laws about women using a male perspective.
2133:
components and experiences women and marginalized communities face. The law perpetuates a male valued system at the expense of female values. Through making sure all people have access to participate in legal systems as professionals to combating cases in constitutional and discriminatory law, feminist legal theory is utilized for it all.
2334:
Mari
Matsuda created the term "multiple consciousness" to explain a person's ability to take on the perspective of an oppressed group. Anti-essentialist feminist legal theorists use multiple consciousness to understand how the law is affecting women belonging to groups other than their own. Feminist
2245:
including race, sexual orientation, and gender—as opposed to the nominal equality often given them in the traditional liberal framework—and seeks to achieve this either by way of a more thorough application of liberal values to women's experiences or the revision of liberal categories to take gender
2326:
interplay with gender and to uncover the implicit, detrimental assumptions that have often been employed in feminist theory. This model challenges feminist legal theorists who only address how the law affects heterosexual, middle-class white women. Anti-essentialist feminist legal theory recognizes
2330:
When feminist legal theory practices under an essentialist lens, women of color are often dismissed as they would in historical legal theory. While race is an important factor in feminist legal theory, it can also be misconstrued in a way that silences women of color, furthering racism in a system
2156:
during the planning process for
Celebration 25, a party and conference held in 1978 to celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the first women graduating from Harvard Law School. The term was first published in 1978 in the first issue of the Harvard Women's Law Journal. This feminist critique of
2281:
Men and women cannot be seen or defined as equal because they have completely different lived experiences. Understanding that access must be equal, but difference must still be recognized to diffract fairness and power struggle including unpaid societal standards like caring for children and the
2277:
The sameness feminist also argued that there was already special treatment for these so-called "differences" in the law, which is what was oppressing women. The idea of there being differences between the sexes lead to the classical thought that feminist legal theory was trying to get rid of. It
2273:
and holds that this discrimination should not be obscured by the law, but should be taken into account by it. Only by taking into account differences can the law provide adequate remedies for women's situation, which is in fact distinct from men's. The difference model suggests that differences
2357:
Feminist legal theory produced a new idea of using hedonic jurisprudence to show that women's experiences of assault and rape was a product of laws that treated them as less human and gave them fewer rights than men. With this feminist legal theorists argued that given examples were not only a
2343:
Postmodern feminist legal theorists reject the liberal equality idea that women are like men as well as the difference theory idea that women are inherently different from men. This is because they do not believe in singular truths and instead see truths as multiple and based on experience and
2290:
The dominance model rejects liberal feminism and views the legal system as a mechanism for the perpetuation of male dominance. By recognizing the foundation of law, scholars are able to conceptualize how women and marginalized communities were not written into the foundation of many structures
2348:
camp use a method known as deconstruction in which they look at laws to find hidden biases within them. Postmodern feminists use deconstruction to demonstrate that laws should not be unchangeable since they are created by people with biases and may therefore contribute to female oppression.
2132:
is twofold. First, feminist jurisprudence seeks to explain ways in which the law played a role in women's former subordinate status. Feminist legal theory was directly created to recognize and combat the legal system built primarily by the and for male intentions, often forgetting important
2278:
forced women to prove that they were like men by comparing their experiences to those of men, all in an attempt to gain legal protection. This all only led to women trying to meet norms that were made by men without questioning why these were accepted as the norm for equality.
2299:. This theory focuses on how male dominate females, but it also talks about other groups being oppressed such as how legal aid is not often offered to the transgender population. Also, any white female would have good legal representation compared to minority groups.
2240:
model operates from within the liberal legal paradigm and generally embraces liberal values and the rights-based approach to law, though it takes issue with how the liberal framework has operated in practice. This model focuses on ensuring that women are afforded
2175:
The foundation of the feminist legal theory was laid by women who challenged the laws that were in place to keep women in their respective places in the home. A driving force of this new movement was the need for women to start becoming financially independent.
2327:
that the identities of individual women shape their experiences, so the law does not influence all women in the same ways. It is about building actual equality for all regardless or gender, race, sexual orientation, class, or disability.
2125:'s historical subordination. Feminist jurisprudence the philosophy of law is based on the political, economic, and social inequality of the sexes and feminist legal theory is the encompassment of law and theory connected.The project of
2322:, for implicitly basing their work on the experiences of white, middle class, heterosexual women. The anti-essentialist and intersectionalist project has been to explore the ways in which race, class, sexual orientation, and other
3136:"Feminism and Legal Theory Project | Emory University School of Law | Atlanta, GA." Emory University School of Law, law.emory.edu/faculty-and-scholarship/centers/feminism-and-legal-theory-project.html. Accessed 2 October 2017.
2378:
for women involved in cases. Judges also considered the impact of judgments on disadvantaged groups, challenged gendered bias and commented on historic injustice. Some feminist facts entered into the courts reasoning as
2179:
Women who were working in law started to focus on this idea more, and started to work on achieving reproductive freedom, stopping gender discrimination in the law and workforce, and stop the allowance of sexual abuse.
2358:
description of possible scenarios but also a sign of events that have actually occurred, relying on them to support statements that the law ignores the interests and disrespects the existence of women.
2314:
Anti-essentialist feminist legal theory was created by women of color and lesbians in the 1980s who felt feminist legal theory was excluding their perspectives and experiences. Anti-essentialist and
246:
158:
2799:
Crenshaw, Kimberlé (1989). "Demarginalizing the
Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics".
2219:
Each model provides a distinct view of the legal mechanisms that contribute to women's subordination, and each offers a distinct method for changing legal approaches to gender.
3113:
Cain, Patricia A. "Feminist
Jurisprudence: Grounding the Theories." Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice, vol. 4, no. 2, September 2013, Accessed 3 October 2017.
3241:
Applications of
Feminist Legal Theory: Sex, Violence, Work and Reproduction (Women in the Political Economy), ed. by D. Kelly Weisberg, Temple University Press, 1996,
2335:
legal theory is still evolving to diminish gender and race essentialism to recognize how oppression and privilege work together to create a person's life experiences.
241:
2370:
included elements feminist jurisprudence in their judgements. The most common form of feminist legal reasoning was placing the case within a wider context of the
173:
3299:
163:
3133:
Ehrenreich, Nancy. (2013). On "Having fun and raising hell": Symposium honoring the work of professor ann scales. Denver
University law review. 91. 1–11.
280:
2261:
in relation to a person's lived experience. For example, when black women are only provided legal relief when the case is against her race or gender.
3119:"Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics"
1598:
2172:
to explore the relationships between feminist theory, practice, and law, which has been instrumental in the development of feminist legal theory.
2475:
3411:
1429:
977:
2097:
3326:
2318:
critiques of feminists have objected to the idea that there can be any universal women's voice and have criticized feminists, as did
263:
258:
4926:
922:
275:
3391:
2775:
1407:
90:
17:
2970:
Crenshaw, Kimberlé (1991). "Mapping the
Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color".
2901:
2759:
2599:
2046:
1892:
1094:
85:
2015:
1945:
1255:
228:
3748:
3426:
3291:
2367:
2025:
2020:
1715:
1439:
1040:
2169:
2157:
American law was developed as a reaction to the fact that the legal system was too gender-prioritized and patriarchal.
1240:
253:
233:
2136:
Second, feminist legal theory is dedicated to changing women's status through a rework of the law and its approach to
398:
4352:
3910:
3809:
3273:
3259:
3246:
3093:
Berkeley
Journal Of Gender Law (2013). "Difference, Dominance, Differences: Feminist Theory, Equality, and the Law".
2821:
Berkeley
Journal Of Gender Law (2013). "Difference, Dominance, Differences: Feminist Theory, Equality, and the Law".
2165:
2051:
2030:
1965:
1933:
915:
738:
695:
4466:
4335:
3359:
1370:
932:
198:
3089:
Baer, Judith A. Our Lives Before the Law: Constructing a Feminist Jurisprudence. Princeton University Press, 2001.
4921:
4268:
4169:
208:
153:
4428:
4062:
3481:
3396:
2090:
1882:
1537:
1503:
1412:
880:
193:
3207:
Scales, Ann. Legal feminism: activism, lawyering, and legal theory. New York, New York University Press, 2006.
2528:
Bowman, Cynthia; Quade, Vicki (1993). "Redefining Notions: Feminist Legal Theory Pushes into the Mainstream".
3781:
3319:
1995:
1985:
1887:
1417:
1235:
322:
223:
203:
491:
332:
4588:
4067:
3147:
MacKinnon, Catharine A. (1983). "Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence".
2884:
MacKinnon, Catharine A. (2018). "Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence".
1975:
1950:
1775:
1044:
994:
987:
268:
218:
213:
474:
4583:
3401:
3379:
1980:
1970:
1940:
1822:
1807:
1797:
1385:
1250:
1245:
937:
510:
100:
4558:
4057:
3488:
1923:
1510:
798:
95:
3184:
Matsuda, Mari (1989). "When the First Quail Calls: Multiple Consciousness as Jurisprudential Method".
3005:
Matsuda, Mari (1989). "When the First Quail Calls: Multiple Consciousness as Jurisprudential Method".
300:
4999:
4641:
3627:
3493:
2460:
2083:
1735:
1515:
952:
756:
702:
5004:
4436:
4418:
3662:
3312:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1957:
1837:
1633:
1395:
1049:
841:
717:
690:
603:
503:
4770:
4811:
4598:
4087:
4072:
3533:
3471:
3430:
1842:
1802:
1493:
1486:
1444:
673:
415:
4866:
4851:
3707:
3518:
3369:
2250:
2237:
1990:
1650:
1557:
1380:
1341:
1230:
1220:
1196:
1174:
1164:
1139:
1129:
788:
544:
432:
356:
3224:
2511:
4970:
4241:
4052:
3687:
3607:
3581:
3461:
3349:
3231:
Warner, J Cali. Proposal: the alignment of oppressed groups as post-Modern development. 2016.
2919:
Warner, J Cali. Proposal: the alignment of oppressed groups as post-Modern development. 2016.
2323:
2292:
2270:
1740:
1700:
1690:
1645:
1476:
1360:
1225:
982:
942:
422:
339:
4691:
4037:
3476:
3374:
3354:
3118:
2465:
2455:
1862:
1817:
1787:
1770:
1760:
1608:
1520:
1498:
1390:
1365:
1300:
1144:
1124:
1074:
927:
863:
836:
576:
410:
135:
125:
3637:
2428:
2254:
8:
4846:
3986:
3903:
3722:
3503:
3498:
3456:
3451:
3446:
2418:
2303:
1680:
1670:
1640:
1628:
1623:
1525:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1119:
1054:
1034:
967:
910:
868:
846:
812:
746:
498:
403:
182:
130:
120:
75:
4661:
4320:
4174:
4159:
4137:
3881:
3861:
3814:
3804:
3642:
3617:
3591:
3586:
3513:
3416:
3406:
3212:
3172:
3164:
3068:
2987:
2949:
2674:
2537:
1867:
1857:
1847:
1832:
1827:
1812:
1765:
1745:
1720:
1685:
1675:
1655:
1552:
1434:
1424:
1325:
1079:
905:
771:
653:
366:
327:
80:
2624:
4646:
4568:
4406:
4149:
4144:
4097:
4022:
4016:
3856:
3774:
3528:
3523:
3508:
3441:
3269:
3255:
3242:
3220:
3176:
3072:
3060:
3040:
2897:
2755:
2721:"On Having Fun and Raising Hell; Symposium Honoring the Work of Professor Ann Scales"
2605:
2595:
2507:
2396:
2388:
2315:
2258:
1928:
1792:
1755:
1750:
1730:
1725:
1695:
1660:
1613:
1603:
1567:
1562:
1547:
1542:
1456:
1191:
1184:
1159:
1149:
1134:
999:
972:
858:
817:
793:
668:
648:
635:
596:
591:
586:
559:
459:
34:
3268:(Critical America (New York University Paperback)), New York University Press 2006,
4651:
4618:
4117:
3981:
3976:
3941:
3727:
3421:
3386:
3189:
3156:
3102:
3052:
3010:
2979:
2941:
2889:
2830:
2747:
2701:
2666:
2380:
2371:
2228:
1877:
1872:
1782:
1710:
1705:
1665:
1618:
1593:
1530:
1402:
1330:
1179:
1064:
1029:
947:
853:
807:
783:
707:
680:
643:
486:
479:
469:
449:
393:
376:
317:
70:
2776:"Feminism and Legal Theory Project | Emory University School of Law | Atlanta, GA"
2720:
2693:
4900:
4873:
4861:
4841:
4775:
4753:
4733:
4728:
4708:
4573:
4553:
4548:
4451:
4411:
4122:
4047:
3971:
3956:
3876:
3712:
3576:
3554:
3466:
3335:
2242:
2126:
2073:
1481:
1290:
1278:
1084:
1024:
1004:
962:
900:
822:
712:
658:
616:
554:
549:
515:
427:
381:
2296:
4977:
4785:
4703:
4292:
4258:
4209:
4194:
3966:
3871:
3851:
3841:
3732:
3702:
3682:
3672:
3652:
2866:
2751:
2408:
2319:
2161:
1852:
1295:
1260:
1069:
875:
827:
621:
581:
464:
2655:"Review of Postmodern Legal Movements: Law and Jurisprudence at Century's End"
4993:
4831:
4790:
4676:
4656:
4628:
4578:
4543:
4517:
4512:
4505:
4456:
4396:
4236:
4226:
4184:
4107:
4102:
4032:
3991:
3915:
3697:
3677:
3657:
3632:
3064:
2893:
2609:
2438:
2413:
2192:
2153:
1154:
1114:
1109:
1019:
761:
724:
349:
344:
2932:
Harris, Angela P. (1990). "Race and Essentialism in Feminist Legal Theory".
50:
4963:
4713:
4681:
4636:
4374:
4369:
4340:
4253:
4231:
4199:
4132:
4112:
4006:
3946:
3936:
3888:
3846:
3824:
3767:
3717:
3667:
3364:
2470:
2423:
2209:
2129:
1375:
1305:
1169:
1104:
1099:
1059:
1009:
766:
685:
663:
564:
439:
312:
3254:, ed. by Nancy E. Dowd and Michelle S. Jacobs, New York Univ Press, 2003,
2654:
4885:
4826:
4816:
4613:
4608:
4446:
4347:
4263:
4222:
4189:
4154:
4077:
4001:
3951:
3866:
3647:
3622:
3612:
3571:
3056:
778:
569:
2541:
2295:, which also consider the potential for law to act as an instrument for
4949:
4878:
4758:
4696:
4441:
4362:
4357:
4315:
4297:
4285:
4246:
4092:
4082:
4042:
4027:
4011:
3961:
3898:
3893:
3692:
3193:
3168:
3014:
2991:
2953:
2678:
2443:
2433:
2345:
2247:
2234:
1335:
1320:
1014:
2625:"Women in the Legal Academy: A Brief History of Feminist Legal Theory"
4856:
4821:
4763:
4738:
4603:
4500:
4488:
4473:
4461:
4389:
4307:
4280:
4164:
3106:
2834:
2705:
2384:
1315:
1310:
388:
4944:
2983:
2945:
2670:
4905:
4890:
4593:
4478:
4275:
3819:
3160:
3139:
Levit, Nancy, and Robert R.M. Verchick. "Feminist Legal Theories."
2392:
2189:
1089:
957:
520:
42:
3304:
3286:
3202:
Postmodern Legal Movements: Law and Jurisprudence At Century's End
4795:
4743:
4723:
4671:
4483:
4401:
4217:
4179:
4127:
2375:
751:
4895:
4748:
4493:
4384:
4379:
4325:
3996:
2871:
Our Lives Before the Law: Constructing a Feminist Jurisprudence
2137:
3092:
2820:
4836:
4780:
4686:
4527:
4330:
3829:
2122:
4718:
4666:
4522:
3920:
3836:
2498:
Fineman, Martha Albertson (2005). "Feminist Legal Theory".
3790:
2118:
3759:
2374:
or another wider context, which could involve showing
2560:
Legal Feminism: Activism, Lawyering, and legal Theory
3544:
2366:
Over half of cases involving feminist issues in the
2269:
The difference model emphasizes the significance of
2629:
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
3252:Feminist Legal Theory: An Anti-Essentialist Reader
2742:Smith, Patricia (2010). "Feminist Jurisprudence".
2361:
3141:Feminist Legal Theory (Second Edition): A Primer.
2744:A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory
4991:
2851:Spade, Dean (November 2010). "Be Professional".
2694:"Feminist Jurisprudence: Grounding the Theories"
3039:Hunter, Rosemary; Rackley, Erika (March 2020).
2476:Feminist interventions in the philosophy of law
2391:arguments,arguments that extend the concept of
2500:Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
2309:
2264:
3775:
3320:
3095:Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice
3038:
2823:Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice
2590:Levit, Nancy; Verchick, Robert R. M. (2015).
2589:
2222:
2091:
3204:, 128–48. New York; London: NYU Press, 1995.
3041:"Feminist Judgments on the UK Supreme Court"
2282:home, rather than feminine characteristics.
3143:, 2nd ed., NYU Press, 2015, pp. 11–41.
2527:
3782:
3768:
3327:
3313:
2718:
2383:with feminist scholars being referred to.
2098:
2084:
978:African-American women's suffrage movement
3200:Minda, Gary. "Feminist Legal Theory." In
3146:
2883:
2873:. Princeton University Press. p. 27.
4927:History of the American legal profession
3116:
2969:
2798:
2352:
2302:In the account of dominance proposed by
923:Discrimination against transgender women
3183:
3004:
2497:
2338:
14:
4992:
3117:Crenshaw, Kimberlé (7 December 2015).
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
2931:
2652:
2557:
2285:
3763:
3308:
3210:
3045:Canadian Journal of Women and the Law
2965:
2963:
2927:
2925:
2915:
2913:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2816:
2814:
2741:
2719:Ehrenreich, Nancy (3 December 2020).
3264:Nancy Levit, Robert R. M. Verchick:
2865:
2691:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2622:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2553:
2551:
2523:
2521:
2493:
2491:
3334:
3292:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3021:
2853:Harvard Journal of Law & Gender
2402:
2368:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
24:
3235:
2960:
2922:
2910:
2841:
2811:
2183:
2170:University of Wisconsin Law School
2117:, is based on the belief that the
25:
5016:
3911:Restitution and unjust enrichment
3300:Feminism and Legal Theory Project
3279:
3217:Harvard Journal of Law and Gender
3123:University of Chicago Legal Forum
2801:University of Chicago Legal Forum
2692:Cain, Patricia (1 January 1988).
2635:
2566:
2548:
2518:
2488:
2166:Feminism and Legal Theory Project
4958:
4957:
4943:
3547:
2344:perspective. Feminists from the
2148:The first known use of the term
2067:
1599:Democratic Republic of the Congo
933:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
49:
4922:History of the legal profession
3266:Feminist Legal Theory: A Primer
2998:
2877:
2859:
2792:
2768:
2653:Sagers, Christopher L. (1997).
2623:West, Robin (1 December 2018).
2592:Feminist Legal Theory: A Primer
2362:Influence on judicial decisions
3211:Spade, Dean (1 January 2010).
2780:Emory University School of Law
2735:
2712:
2685:
2616:
2399:outside of physical violence.
2031:Women's suffrage organizations
13:
1:
3083:
2594:. New York University Press.
2562:. New York: University Press.
2698:Berkeley Women's Law Journal
2372:experience of those involved
2257:'s theoretical framework of
2202:the sexual difference model;
2016:Suffragists and suffragettes
1946:American feminist literature
7:
3186:Women's Rights Law Reporter
3007:Women's Rights Law Reporter
2449:
2310:The anti-essentialist model
2265:The sexual difference model
2199:the liberal equality model;
1256:Views on transgender topics
1246:Views on sexual orientation
10:
5021:
4589:International legal theory
4068:International slavery laws
4063:International human rights
4058:International criminal law
2752:10.1002/9781444320114.ch18
2226:
2223:The liberal equality model
2143:
4937:
4914:
4804:
4642:Administration of justice
4627:
4536:
4427:
4306:
4208:
3929:
3797:
3741:
3600:
3564:
3542:
3342:
2461:Feminist political theory
2215:and the postmodern model.
2152:was in the late 1970s by
2047:Women's rights by country
953:Female genital mutilation
4419:Basic structure doctrine
4269:Natural and legal rights
4150:Public international law
3749:Women's studies journals
3287:"Feminist Jurisprudence"
2894:10.4324/9780429500480-11
2481:
2121:has been fundamental in
2052:Feminists by nationality
2026:Women's studies journals
2021:Women's rights activists
739:Movements and ideologies
4599:Principle of typicality
4073:International trade law
3789:
3427:International relations
1440:International relations
301:Intersectional variants
3708:Catharine A. MacKinnon
2150:feminist jurisprudence
2115:feminist jurisprudence
1966:Conservative feminisms
1221:Bicycling and feminism
1197:Women in the workforce
1165:Violence against women
1140:Sexual objectification
1100:Opposition to feminism
357:Vegetarian ecofeminism
18:Feminist jurisprudence
4594:Principle of legality
4353:Delegated legislation
4053:Intellectual property
3688:Patricia Hill Collins
3582:Hegemonic masculinity
2886:Feminist Legal Theory
2353:Hedonic Jurisprudence
2324:axes of subordination
2293:critical legal theory
2271:gender discrimination
2227:Further information:
2111:Feminist legal theory
1996:Feminist rhetoricians
1986:Feminist philosophers
1538:Revisionist mythology
1241:Views on prostitution
1226:Criticism of marriage
916:Children's literature
4812:Barristers' chambers
4754:Legal representation
4692:Justice of the peace
4038:Financial regulation
3057:10.3138/cjwl.32.1.04
2888:. pp. 181–200.
2746:. pp. 290–298.
2558:Scales, Ann (2006).
2466:Gender mainstreaming
2456:Critical race theory
2339:The postmodern model
2205:the dominance model;
1976:Feminist art critics
1951:Feminist comic books
1908:Lists and categories
1587:By continent/country
1418:Pathways perspective
1301:Gender mainstreaming
1236:Views on pornography
1145:Substantive equality
1125:Reproductive justice
1075:Matriarchal religion
928:Diversity (politics)
864:Political lesbianism
174:Other women's rights
4847:Election commission
4559:Expressive function
4088:Landlord–tenant law
3987:Consumer protection
3723:Diana E. H. Russell
3392:Composition studies
2972:Stanford Law Review
2934:Stanford Law Review
2659:Michigan Law Review
2419:Catharine MacKinnon
2304:Catharine MacKinnon
2286:The dominance model
2246:into account. The
2188:Some approaches to
2074:Feminism portal
1981:Feminist economists
1971:Ecofeminist authors
1776:Trinidad and Tobago
1716:Republic of Ireland
1408:Composition studies
1175:Women's empowerment
1130:Sex workers' rights
1055:Feminist capitalism
1035:Internalized sexism
968:Feminism in culture
76:History of feminism
4805:Legal institutions
4672:Lawsuit/Litigation
4662:Dispute resolution
4467:Catholic canon law
4175:State of emergency
4138:Will and testament
3862:Law of obligations
3815:Constitutional law
3805:Administrative law
3618:Simone de Beauvoir
3608:Elizabeth Anderson
3601:Feminist theorists
3402:Digital humanities
3380:Literary criticism
3213:"Be Professional!"
1386:Literary criticism
1251:Views on sexuality
938:Effects on society
906:Complementarianism
881:Women's liberation
636:Religious variants
610:trans-exclusionary
328:Radical lesbianism
4987:
4986:
4647:Constitutionalism
4569:Law and economics
4407:Act of parliament
4145:Product liability
4098:Legal archaeology
4023:Environmental law
4017:Entertainment law
3857:International law
3757:
3756:
3638:Kimberlé Crenshaw
3489:Political ecology
2903:978-0-429-50048-0
2761:978-1-4443-2011-4
2725:Denver Law Review
2601:978-1-4798-0549-5
2429:Kimberlé Crenshaw
2397:domestic violence
2316:intersectionalist
2259:intersectionality
2255:Kimberlé Crenshaw
2108:
2107:
2059:
2058:
1578:
1577:
1568:womanist theology
1511:Political ecology
1342:Écriture féminine
1269:
1268:
1160:Triple oppression
1150:Toxic masculinity
1135:Sexual harassment
995:Feminist stripper
973:Feminist movement
529:
528:
460:Africana womanism
291:
290:
16:(Redirected from
5012:
5000:Feminism and law
4962:
4961:
4960:
4948:
4947:
4771:Question of fact
4652:Criminal justice
3982:Construction law
3977:Conflict of laws
3942:Agricultural law
3784:
3777:
3770:
3761:
3760:
3728:Dorothy E. Smith
3565:Related subjects
3557:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3494:Political theory
3329:
3322:
3315:
3306:
3305:
3296:
3228:
3197:
3180:
3130:
3110:
3107:10.15779/Z388C4M
3077:
3076:
3036:
3019:
3018:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2978:(6): 1241–1299.
2967:
2958:
2957:
2929:
2920:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2835:10.15779/Z388C4M
2818:
2809:
2808:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2706:10.15779/Z38FG5W
2689:
2683:
2682:
2665:(6): 1927–1943.
2650:
2633:
2632:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2587:
2564:
2563:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2525:
2516:
2515:
2495:
2403:Notable scholars
2381:common knowledge
2243:genuine equality
2229:Liberal feminism
2113:, also known as
2100:
2093:
2086:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2011:Feminist parties
2006:Muslim feminists
2001:Jewish feminists
1912:
1911:
1893:History of women
1516:Political theory
1284:
1283:
1214:
1213:
1187:
1180:Women-only space
1065:Likeability trap
1030:Invisible labour
948:Female education
757:Anti-pornography
612:
611:
607:
323:Lesbian of color
306:
305:
183:Women's suffrage
159:Muslim countries
154:Women's suffrage
71:Feminist history
64:
63:
53:
30:
29:
21:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5005:Theories of law
4990:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4956:
4942:
4933:
4910:
4901:Political party
4874:Legal education
4862:Law enforcement
4842:Court of equity
4800:
4776:Question of law
4729:Practice of law
4709:Judicial review
4623:
4574:Legal formalism
4554:Comparative law
4549:Contract theory
4532:
4452:Legal pluralism
4423:
4412:Act of Congress
4336:Executive order
4302:
4204:
4123:Nationality law
4048:Immigration law
3972:Competition law
3925:
3793:
3788:
3758:
3753:
3737:
3713:Martha Nussbaum
3596:
3592:Women's studies
3587:Women's history
3577:Feminist method
3560:
3555:Feminism portal
3553:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3343:Academic fields
3338:
3336:Feminist theory
3333:
3285:
3282:
3238:
3236:Further reading
3086:
3081:
3080:
3037:
3022:
3003:
2999:
2984:10.2307/1229039
2968:
2961:
2946:10.2307/1228886
2930:
2923:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2882:
2878:
2867:Baer, Judith A.
2864:
2860:
2849:
2842:
2819:
2812:
2797:
2793:
2784:
2782:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2740:
2736:
2717:
2713:
2690:
2686:
2671:10.2307/1290030
2651:
2636:
2621:
2617:
2602:
2588:
2567:
2556:
2549:
2526:
2519:
2496:
2489:
2484:
2452:
2405:
2364:
2355:
2341:
2312:
2288:
2267:
2231:
2225:
2186:
2184:Main approaches
2146:
2104:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2060:
1962:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1808:Northern Cyprus
1588:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1396:Science fiction
1347:
1326:Women's studies
1291:Feminist method
1281:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1185:
1095:Oedipus complex
1085:Men in feminism
1050:Language reform
1025:Ideal womanhood
1005:Gender equality
1000:Formal equality
963:Feminationalism
901:Cognitive labor
895:
887:
886:
885:
842:Post-structural
741:
731:
730:
729:
638:
628:
627:
626:
609:
606:Gender-critical
605:
604:
555:Femonationalism
539:
531:
530:
525:
504:Native American
444:
399:Critical theory
361:
303:
293:
292:
287:
242:Second Republic
170:
140:
107:
81:Women's history
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5018:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4953:
4950:Law portal
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4786:Trial advocacy
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4508:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4323:
4318:
4316:Ballot measure
4312:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4293:Legal treatise
4290:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4261:
4259:Letters patent
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4210:Sources of law
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4195:Unenforced law
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3967:Commercial law
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3764:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3733:Marilyn Waring
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3703:Julia Kristeva
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3683:Sandra Harding
3680:
3675:
3673:Germaine Greer
3670:
3665:
3663:Martha Fineman
3660:
3655:
3653:Andrea Dworkin
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3472:Existentialism
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3431:Constructivism
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3281:
3280:External links
3278:
3277:
3276:
3262:
3249:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3208:
3205:
3198:
3181:
3161:10.1086/494000
3155:(4): 635–658.
3144:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3114:
3111:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3020:
2997:
2959:
2940:(3): 581–616.
2921:
2909:
2902:
2876:
2858:
2840:
2810:
2791:
2767:
2760:
2734:
2711:
2684:
2634:
2615:
2600:
2565:
2547:
2517:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2409:Martha Fineman
2404:
2401:
2395:in cases that
2389:Intersectional
2363:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2340:
2337:
2320:Black feminism
2311:
2308:
2287:
2284:
2266:
2263:
2253:model applies
2224:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2185:
2182:
2162:Martha Fineman
2145:
2142:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1991:Feminist poets
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1960:
1958:Feminist songs
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1934:by nationality
1926:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1883:United Kingdom
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1494:Existentialism
1491:
1490:
1489:
1487:Justice ethics
1479:
1474:
1469:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1445:Constructivism
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:Areas of study
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:Gender studies
1293:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1261:SCUM Manifesto
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1192:Women's rights
1189:
1186:Women's health
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1070:Male privilege
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1039:International
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
991:
990:
985:
980:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
919:
918:
908:
903:
897:
896:
893:
892:
889:
888:
884:
883:
878:
876:Technofeminism
873:
872:
871:
866:
861:
851:
850:
849:
839:
834:
833:
832:
831:
830:
820:
815:
805:
804:
803:
802:
801:
786:
781:
776:
775:
774:
769:
759:
754:
749:
743:
742:
737:
736:
733:
732:
728:
727:
722:
721:
720:
710:
705:
700:
699:
698:
693:
688:
678:
677:
676:
671:
666:
661:
651:
646:
640:
639:
634:
633:
630:
629:
625:
624:
619:
614:
601:
600:
599:
594:
589:
579:
574:
573:
572:
562:
557:
552:
547:
541:
540:
538:Other variants
537:
536:
533:
532:
527:
526:
524:
523:
518:
513:
508:
507:
506:
496:
495:
494:
484:
483:
482:
477:
472:
462:
456:
453:
452:
446:
445:
443:
442:
437:
436:
435:
430:
420:
419:
418:
408:
407:
406:
401:
391:
386:
385:
384:
373:
370:
369:
363:
362:
360:
359:
354:
353:
352:
342:
337:
336:
335:
330:
325:
315:
309:
304:
299:
298:
295:
294:
289:
288:
286:
285:
284:
283:
273:
272:
271:
266:
264:Cayman Islands
259:United Kingdom
256:
251:
250:
249:
244:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
190:
187:
186:
179:
178:
177:
176:
169:
168:
167:
166:
161:
150:
147:
146:
142:
141:
139:
138:
133:
128:
123:
117:
114:
113:
109:
108:
106:
105:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
78:
73:
67:
62:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5017:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4980:
4979:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4832:Civil society
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4791:Trier of fact
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:Legal opinion
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4657:Court-martial
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4629:Jurisprudence
4626:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4518:Statutory law
4516:
4514:
4513:Socialist law
4511:
4507:
4506:Byzantine law
4504:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4457:Religious law
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4429:Legal systems
4426:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4397:Statutory law
4395:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:Statutory law
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4185:Transport law
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:Legal fiction
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4033:Financial law
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3992:Corporate law
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3916:Statutory law
3914:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:Core subjects
3796:
3792:
3785:
3780:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3698:Luce Irigaray
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3678:Donna Haraway
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:Cynthia Enloe
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3643:Hélène Cixous
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:Judith Butler
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3545:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3519:Technoscience
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3499:Postmodernism
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:Art criticism
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3275:
3274:0-8147-5199-7
3271:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3260:0-8147-1913-9
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:1-56639-424-4
3244:
3240:
3239:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3051:(1): 85–113.
3050:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2966:
2964:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2905:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2854:
2847:
2845:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2561:
2554:
2552:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2414:Mary Joe Frug
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2350:
2347:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:jurisprudence
2191:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2065:
2064:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1888:United States
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:Latin America
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Technoscience
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Art criticism
1379:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1331:Men's studies
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:Views on BDSM
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1155:Transmisogyny
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:Purplewashing
1113:
1111:
1110:Protofeminism
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:Honor killing
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
917:
914:
913:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
891:
890:
882:
879:
877:
874:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
856:
855:
852:
848:
845:
844:
843:
840:
838:
835:
829:
826:
825:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
809:
806:
800:
797:
796:
795:
792:
791:
790:
789:Individualist
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
763:
762:Cyberfeminism
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
740:
735:
734:
726:
723:
719:
716:
715:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
682:
679:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
637:
632:
631:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
602:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
583:
580:
578:
575:
571:
568:
567:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
545:Anti-abortion
543:
542:
535:
534:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
505:
502:
501:
500:
497:
493:
490:
489:
488:
485:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
455:
454:
451:
450:Multicultural
448:
447:
441:
438:
434:
433:Transnational
431:
429:
426:
425:
424:
421:
417:
414:
413:
412:
409:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
392:
390:
387:
383:
380:
379:
378:
375:
374:
372:
371:
368:
365:
364:
358:
355:
351:
350:Postgenderism
348:
347:
346:
345:Transfeminism
343:
341:
338:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
308:
307:
302:
297:
296:
282:
279:
278:
277:
276:United States
274:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
260:
257:
255:
252:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
237:
235:
232:
230:
229:Liechtenstein
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
189:
188:
184:
181:
180:
175:
172:
171:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
155:
152:
151:
149:
148:
144:
143:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
118:
116:
115:
111:
110:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
68:
66:
65:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
4976:
4969:
4955:
4941:
4714:Jurisdiction
4682:Legal remedy
4637:Adjudication
4563:
4537:Legal theory
4375:Ratification
4370:Promulgation
4341:Proclamation
4321:Codification
4254:Human rights
4242:Divine right
4232:Constitution
4200:Women in law
4118:Military law
4113:Marriage law
4108:Maritime law
4007:Election law
3947:Aviation law
3937:Abortion law
3889:Property law
3825:Criminal law
3718:Val Plumwood
3668:Nancy Fraser
3462:Epistemology
3437:Legal theory
3436:
3360:Architecture
3350:Anthropology
3290:
3265:
3251:
3216:
3201:
3185:
3152:
3148:
3140:
3126:
3122:
3098:
3094:
3048:
3044:
3006:
3000:
2975:
2971:
2937:
2933:
2885:
2879:
2870:
2861:
2852:
2826:
2822:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2783:. Retrieved
2779:
2770:
2743:
2737:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2697:
2687:
2662:
2658:
2628:
2618:
2591:
2559:
2533:
2530:Human Rights
2529:
2503:
2499:
2471:Women in law
2424:Mari Matsuda
2365:
2356:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2313:
2301:
2289:
2280:
2276:
2268:
2232:
2218:
2210:essentialist
2187:
2178:
2174:
2164:founded the
2159:
2149:
2147:
2135:
2130:legal theory
2114:
2110:
2109:
1838:Saudi Arabia
1634:South Africa
1477:Epistemology
1452:Legal theory
1451:
1371:Architecture
1361:Anthropology
1340:
1306:Gynocentrism
1170:War on women
1105:Pro-feminism
1060:Gender-blind
1010:Gender quota
983:Art movement
752:Anti-fascist
686:Dianic Wicca
565:Postfeminism
440:Xenofeminism
423:Postcolonial
340:Sex-positive
27:Legal theory
4886:Legislature
4817:Bureaucracy
4614:Rule of man
4609:Rule of law
4584:Libertarian
4447:Chinese law
4348:Legislation
4298:Regulations
4286:Law reports
4264:Natural law
4160:Reparations
4155:Refugee law
4078:Jurimetrics
4019:(Media law)
3957:Banking law
3952:Amnesty law
3930:Disciplines
3867:Private law
3648:Alice Crary
3628:Nancy Bauer
3623:Wendy Brown
3613:Karen Barad
3572:Ecofeminism
3477:Metaphysics
3397:Criminology
3375:Film theory
3355:Archaeology
3194:10125/65954
3015:10125/65954
2536:(4): 8–11.
1843:South Korea
1823:Philippines
1803:New Zealand
1798:Netherlands
1521:Pornography
1499:Metaphysics
1413:Criminology
1391:Film theory
1366:Archaeology
1045:Women's Day
837:Libertarian
779:Ecofeminism
696:Ecofeminist
577:Reactionary
570:Neofeminism
511:Multiracial
416:Ecofeminist
411:Materialist
254:Switzerland
234:New Zealand
4994:Categories
4879:Law school
4759:Prosecutor
4697:Magistrate
4484:Jewish law
4442:Common law
4363:Rulemaking
4358:Regulation
4308:Law making
4247:Divine law
4223:Legal code
4170:Sports law
4093:Law of war
4043:Health law
4028:Family law
4012:Energy law
3962:Bankruptcy
3899:Punishment
3894:Public law
3693:bell hooks
3504:Psychology
3457:Empiricism
3452:Aesthetics
3447:Philosophy
3084:References
2785:2017-10-07
2444:Robin West
2439:Ann Scales
2434:Dean Spade
2346:postmodern
2297:domination
2154:Ann Scales
2039:Categories
1941:Literature
1651:Bangladesh
1526:Psychology
1472:Empiricism
1467:Aesthetics
1462:Philosophy
1336:Patriarchy
1321:Matriarchy
1041:Girl's Day
1015:Girl power
988:In hip hop
911:Literature
869:Separatist
847:Postmodern
813:Difference
747:Analytical
691:Reclaiming
499:Indigenous
404:Standpoint
333:Separatist
185:by country
4857:Judiciary
4852:Executive
4827:The bench
4764:Solicitor
4739:Barrister
4619:Sociology
4604:Pseudolaw
4544:Anarchist
4501:Roman law
4489:Parsi law
4474:Hindu law
4462:Canon law
4437:Civil law
4390:Concordat
4281:Precedent
4190:Trust law
4165:Space law
4002:Drugs law
3872:Procedure
3810:Civil law
3514:Sociology
3417:Geography
3407:Economics
3177:145125690
3073:213021194
3065:0832-8781
2610:929452292
2387:has used
2385:Lady Hale
2208:the anti-
1929:Feminists
1741:Argentina
1701:Indonesia
1691:Hong Kong
1646:Australia
1553:Sociology
1435:Geography
1425:Economics
1316:Male gaze
1311:Kyriarchy
772:Networked
654:Christian
389:Jineology
377:Anarchist
367:Socialist
247:Francoist
199:Australia
145:Timelines
4964:Category
4906:Tribunal
4891:Military
4734:Attorney
4704:Judgment
4564:Feminist
4479:Jain law
4276:Case law
3997:Cyberlaw
3904:Corporal
3882:Criminal
3852:Evidence
3842:Doctrine
3820:Contract
3529:Womanist
3524:Theology
3509:Sexology
3442:Pedagogy
2869:(2001).
2542:27879789
2450:See also
2393:violence
2251:equality
2238:equality
2190:feminist
2160:In 1984
2127:feminist
1924:Articles
1863:Thailand
1818:Pakistan
1788:Malaysia
1771:Paraguay
1761:Honduras
1609:Ethiopia
1563:Theology
1548:Sexology
1543:Sex wars
1457:Pedagogy
1210:Outlooks
1090:Misogyny
958:Femicide
943:Equality
894:Concepts
859:Cultural
818:Equality
799:Stiletto
794:Lipstick
718:Orthodox
681:Neopagan
669:Womanist
649:Buddhist
597:Embedded
592:Imperial
587:Carceral
560:Maternal
521:Womanism
209:Colombia
96:Canadian
86:American
43:Feminism
35:a series
33:Part of
4978:Outline
4915:History
4822:The bar
4796:Verdict
4744:Counsel
4724:Justice
4579:History
4402:Statute
4218:Charter
4180:Tax law
4128:Probate
3482:Science
3422:History
3387:Biology
3225:1585388
3169:3173687
2992:1229039
2954:1228886
2731:(1): 1.
2679:1290030
2512:2132233
2376:empathy
2248:liberal
2235:liberal
2168:at the
2144:History
1878:Ukraine
1873:Vietnam
1783:Lebanon
1681:Germany
1671:Finland
1666:Denmark
1641:Albania
1629:Senegal
1624:Nigeria
1531:Therapy
1504:science
1403:Biology
854:Radical
808:Liberal
784:Eugenic
708:Islamic
644:Atheist
492:Lesbian
487:Chicana
480:Ratchet
475:Lesbian
470:Hip hop
394:Marxist
318:Lesbian
194:Austria
91:British
60:History
4896:Police
4867:Agency
4749:Lawyer
4494:Sharia
4385:Treaty
4380:Repeal
4326:Decree
4237:Custom
4133:Estate
4083:Labour
3847:Equity
3467:Ethics
3272:
3258:
3245:
3223:
3175:
3167:
3071:
3063:
2990:
2952:
2900:
2807:: 149.
2758:
2677:
2608:
2598:
2540:
2510:
2212:model;
2195:are:
2138:gender
1868:Turkey
1858:Taiwan
1848:Sweden
1833:Russia
1828:Poland
1813:Norway
1766:Mexico
1746:Brazil
1721:Israel
1686:Greece
1676:France
1656:Canada
1594:Africa
1482:Ethics
1279:Theory
1120:Racism
823:Social
713:Jewish
659:Mormon
617:Victim
550:Equity
516:Romani
428:Global
281:states
238:Spain
224:Kuwait
204:Canada
136:Fourth
126:Second
101:German
4971:Index
4837:Court
4781:Trial
4687:Judge
4528:Yassa
4331:Edict
3877:Civil
3830:Crime
3742:Lists
3534:Asian
3173:S2CID
3165:JSTOR
3149:Signs
3101:(1).
3069:S2CID
2988:JSTOR
2950:JSTOR
2829:(1).
2675:JSTOR
2538:JSTOR
2506:(1).
2482:Notes
2123:women
1915:Lists
1853:Syria
1793:Nepal
1756:Haiti
1751:Chile
1731:Japan
1726:Italy
1696:India
1661:China
1614:Ghana
1604:Egypt
1080:Media
828:Labor
703:Hindu
674:Asian
622:White
582:State
465:Black
382:Queer
269:Wales
219:Japan
214:India
131:Third
121:First
112:Waves
4719:Jury
4667:Fiqh
4523:Xeer
3921:Tort
3837:Deed
3412:FPDA
3270:ISBN
3256:ISBN
3243:ISBN
3221:SSRN
3129:(1).
3127:1989
3061:ISSN
2898:ISBN
2855:: 5.
2805:1989
2756:ISBN
2606:OCLC
2596:ISBN
2508:SSRN
2233:The
1711:Iraq
1706:Iran
1619:Mali
1430:FDPA
1043:and
725:Sikh
3791:Law
3365:Art
3190:hdl
3157:doi
3103:doi
3053:doi
3011:hdl
2980:doi
2942:doi
2890:doi
2831:doi
2748:doi
2702:doi
2667:doi
2119:law
1376:Art
767:HCI
664:New
608:or
313:Fat
4996::
4225:/
3289:.
3219:.
3215:.
3188:.
3171:.
3163:.
3151:.
3125:.
3121:.
3097:.
3067:.
3059:.
3049:32
3047:.
3043:.
3023:^
3009:.
2986:.
2976:43
2974:.
2962:^
2948:.
2938:42
2936:.
2924:^
2912:^
2896:.
2843:^
2825:.
2813:^
2803:.
2778:.
2754:.
2729:91
2727:.
2723:.
2700:.
2696:.
2673:.
2663:95
2661:.
2657:.
2637:^
2627:.
2604:.
2568:^
2550:^
2534:20
2532:.
2520:^
2504:13
2502:.
2490:^
164:US
37:on
3783:e
3776:t
3769:v
3433:)
3429:(
3328:e
3321:t
3314:v
3295:.
3227:.
3196:.
3192::
3179:.
3159::
3153:8
3109:.
3105::
3099:5
3075:.
3055::
3017:.
3013::
2994:.
2982::
2956:.
2944::
2906:.
2892::
2837:.
2833::
2827:5
2788:.
2764:.
2750::
2708:.
2704::
2681:.
2669::
2631:.
2612:.
2544:.
2514:.
2099:e
2092:t
2085:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)