FIDE - Knowledge

667:. Alekhine, the reigning world champion, attended part of the 1928 Congress and agreed to place future matches for the world title under the auspices of FIDE, although any match with Capablanca should be under the same conditions as in Buenos Aires, 1927, i.e., including the requirement for a purse of at least $ 10,000. FIDE accepted this and decided to form a commission to modify the London Rules for future matches, though this commission never met; by the time of the 1929 Congress, a world championship match between Alekhine and Bogoljubow was under way, held neither under the auspices of FIDE nor in accordance with the London Rules. 3263: 178: 1441: 1415: 1389: 1363: 988:

February 1985). Then the match was ended without result by Florencio Campomanes, the President of the World Chess Federation, and a new match was announced to start a few months later. The termination was controversial, as both players stated that they preferred the match to continue. Announcing his decision at a press conference, Campomanes cited the health of the players, which had been strained by the length of the match. Kasparov won the second match and became world champion.

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10 games wins, with draws not counting, but if the result is 9–9 it is considered a tie). The FIDE argued that it was unfair for a challenger to be able to beat the world champion, yet not take his title. Fischer would not back down, and eventually FIDE awarded the title to Karpov by default. Some commentators have questioned whether FIDE president Max Euwe did as much as he could have to prevent Fischer from forfeiting his world title.

1402: 1467: 1454: 6671: 1535: 846:, a member of the Soviet delegation at the tournament, confirmed in 2002 that Petrosian, Keres and Geller privately agreed to draw their games. FIDE responded by changing the format of Candidates Tournaments from a multi-round round-robin to a series of elimination matches, initially 10–12 games in duration; however, by the 1970s, the Candidates final would be as long as 24 games. 58: 1097:, which Kramnik won amidst a controversy that resulted in one game being awarded to Topalov. However, the split in the world title had lingering effects, as evidenced by FIDE’s complex regulations for the 2007-2009 world championship cycle. FIDE decided to grant Topalov a “fast track” entry into the 2007-2009 cycle due to his inability to compete in the 735:, because problems with money and travel in the aftermath of World War II prevented many countries from sending representatives, most notably the Soviet Union. The shortage of clear information resulted in otherwise responsible magazines publishing rumors and speculation, which only made the situation more confused. See 802:, along with the loser of the previous title match and the runner-up in the previous Candidates Tournament; and the winner of the Candidates played a title match against the champion. From 1950 until 1962 inclusive, the Candidates Tournament was a multi-round round-robin—how and why it was changed are described below. 680:

to Capablanca then FIDE's decision should be followed and Capablanca would have to play Flohr in 1940. Most chess writers and players strongly supported the Dutch super-tournament proposal and opposed the committee processes favored by FIDE. While this confusion went unresolved: Euwe lost his title to Alekhine; the

341:, both for individual games (i.e. the board and moves) and for the conduct of international competitions. The international competition rules are the basis for local competitions, although local bodies are allowed to modify these rules to a certain extent. FIDE awards a number of organizational titles, including 758:. The AVRO tournament had brought together the eight players who were, by general acclamation, the best players in the world at the time. Two of the participants at AVRO—Alekhine and former world champion Capablanca—had since died; but FIDE decided that the other six participants at AVRO would play a quadruple 1230:

was ousted as FIDE President, after having been in office for 23 years, since 1995. Being subjected to US sanctions for his business dealings with the Syrian government, Ilyumzhinov was forced out and did not run for re-election in the 2018 FIDE elections. The Greek Georgios Makropoulos, who had been

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was happy with the agreement on the basis that now FIDE itself did not have to expend resources to find organizers for its premier events. The issue of financial guarantees was also important, though as explained below, these have not always materialized. His estimation of 10–12 million euros to FIDE

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for the sum of one pound. At the September 2016 FIDE General Assembly, it was resolved that Agon should institute a corporate presence in a locale with more transparency. Merenzon said that they would register in the United Kingdom within a few months. As a result, a new company, World Chess Limited,

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defeated Kasparov in a match for the now-renamed Braingames World Chess Championship, as the PCA had dissolved by then. Kramnik, like Kasparov, was unwilling to play in a qualifying series and strongly objected to FIDE's attempt to decide the world championship through annual knockout tournaments and

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won the right to challenge in 1975. Fischer refused to accept any match format other than the one he proposed. Among Fischer's demands was a requirement that the challenger must beat him by at least two games in order to take his title (Fischer proposed a match format in which the first player to win

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The proposals which led to the 1948 Championship Tournament also specified the procedure by which challengers for the World Championship would be selected in a three-year cycle: countries affiliated with FIDE would send players to Zonal tournaments (the number varied depending on the number of strong

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By 1994, Kasparov realized that separating from FIDE had been a mistake, as the split in the world championship was unpopular among commercial sponsors and most grandmasters. He began efforts to mend relations with FIDE and supported Campomanes's re-election bid as FIDE president. However, many FIDE

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as the official challenger. Euwe then declared that: if he retained his title against Alekhine he was prepared to meet Flohr in 1940 but he reserved the right to arrange a title match either in 1938 or 1939 with José Raúl Capablanca, who had lost the title to Alekhine in 1927; if Euwe lost his title

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While negotiating his 1937 World Championship re-match with Alekhine, Euwe proposed that if he retained the title, FIDE should manage the nomination of future challengers and the conduct of championship matches. FIDE had been trying since 1935 to introduce rules on how to select challengers, and its

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and the 2022 FIDE congress in Moscow was also revoked. The Russian and Belarusian national teams were banned from participating in FIDE tournaments, although individual players could compete if they complied with strict regulations, in which case their federation and flag was replaced with FIDE and

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FIDE's congresses in 1925 and 1926 expressed a desire to become involved in managing the world championship. FIDE was largely happy with the "London Rules", but claimed that the requirement for a purse of $ 10,000 was impracticable and called upon Capablanca to come to an agreement with the leading

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announced that a new contract has been signed that continues a scaled-back relationship with World Chess (formerly known as AGON) through 2021. In virtue of this new agreement, FIDE reasserted control over the 2020 Candidates and the World Championship match, which from now on will undergo an open

660:. In 1927, FIDE began organizing the First Chess Olympiad during its 4th Congress in London. The official title of the tournament was the "Tournament of Nations", or "World Team Championship", but "Chess Olympiad" became a more popular title. The event was won by Hungary, with 16 teams competing. 987:

In the 1984 world championship match between Karpov and Kasparov the winner was to be the first to win six games. In the first 27 games Karpov gained a 5–0 lead but by the end of the 48th Kasparov had reduced this to 5–3. At this point the match had lasted for 159 days (from September 1984 to

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This situation was exacerbated by the Soviet Union having long refused to join FIDE, and by this time it was clear that about half the credible contenders were Soviet citizens. The Soviet Union realized, however, it could not afford to be left out of the discussions regarding the vacant world

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proposed the "London rules": the first player to win six games outright would win the match; playing sessions would be limited to five hours; the time limit would be 40 moves in 2.5 hours each; the champion would be obliged to defend his title within one year of receiving a challenge from a

1057:. FIDE promptly accepted a bid from Manchester, England, to host the 1993 title match, but without consulting Short, as its rules required; Short was traveling to Greece at the time. Upon learning of this, Short reached out to Kasparov, who had harbored distrust for FIDE and its president, 798:

players each country had); the players who gained the top places in these would compete in an Interzonal tournament (later split into two, then three tournaments as the number of countries and eligible players increased); the highest-placed players from the Interzonal would compete in the

947:(president 1982–1995) continued this policy, with each member nation receiving one vote. Former world champion Anatoly Karpov later said this was a mixed blessing, as the inclusion of so many small, poor countries led to a "leadership vacuum at the head of the world of chess......" 330:(IOC) as the supreme body responsible for the organization of chess and its championships at global and continental levels. Other tournaments are not overseen directly by FIDE, but they generally observe FIDE rules and regulations. Some national chess organizations such as the 881:

After winning the world championship, Fischer criticized the existing championship match format (24 games; the champion retained the title if the match was tied) on the grounds that it encouraged whoever got an early lead to play for draws. While this dispute was going on,

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The condition that Agon would be the sole organizer of Championship events was disputed originally by principally the Bulgarian Chess Federation, with respect to the Candidates matches for 2012. In early 2014, a purported agreement between Paulson and FIDE President

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said in a statement that they do not exclude transgender women from women's tournaments. They also said that no one should have to experience violence and discrimination. Similar statements were also released by the English, Finnish and US chess federations.

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agreed to relinquish his qualifying place at the Interzonal in Fischer's favor, and the other participants waived their right to claim the spot. FIDE president Max Euwe interpreted the rules very flexibly to allow Fischer to play in the 1970 Interzonal at

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of less than $ 10,000 (equivalent to $ 182,000 in 2023); 20% of the purse was to be paid to the title holder, with the remainder being divided, 60 percent to the winner of the match, and 40% to the loser; the highest purse bid must be accepted.

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as the sole shareholder. On February 20, 2012, an agreement between Agon and FIDE was made, subject to approval by the 2012 FIDE General Assembly. This approval was forthcoming in September 2012. In October 2014, Agon was sold to its current CEO

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Several attempts to reunify the world championship in the following years failed for various reasons, including financial constraints and Kasparov's opposition to any plan requiring him to play in a qualifying series. In 2000,

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that made the normal procedure impossible. The situation was confused, with many respected players and commentators offering different solutions. FIDE found it difficult to organize the early discussions on how to resolve the

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After the 2018 FIDE elections and the appointment of a new FIDE President, the new management took regaining control over the World Championship cycle as one of their top priorities. In January 2019, FIDE Director-General

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placed second and Capablanca and Flohr in the bottom places; and the outbreak of World War II in 1939 cut short the controversy. Although competitive chess continued in many countries, including some that were under

7218: 6767: 7238: 1318:'s characterization of the war as a fight against Nazism. FIDE argued that Karjakin's statements had shed a negative light on chess and on the federation and found that he had violated the FIDE code of ethics. 1761: 907:

in 1972. The Soviets demanded that Sosonko be excluded from competitive chess, television or any other event that might publicize his defection. FIDE refused, and no Soviet players took part in the 1974

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or because it thought Kasparov was the greater threat to reigning champion Anatoly Karpov. Their refusal would have meant that Kasparov forfeited his chance of challenging for the title. FIDE president

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in The Netherlands. In a discussion a few days earlier Euwe told Korchnoi, "...of course you will retain all your rights ..." and later opposed Soviet efforts to prevent Korchnoi from challenging for

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was leaked, and then published by Chess.com (and others), which allegedly indicated that Paulson was simply a front man with Ilyumzhinov the ultimate benefactor of Agon. In that Chess.com article

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in Israel despite the Soviet Chess Federation announced its boycott of Israel as the site of the Olympiad and the congress because of what it described as Israeli aggression against Arab states.

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In 2012 FIDE entered into a commercial agreement, initially planned to last until 2021, with the company Agon Limited. This company was given rights to organize and commercially exploit the

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proposed that a super-tournament (AVRO) of ex-champions and rising stars should be held to select the next challenger. FIDE rejected this proposal and at their second attempt nominated

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In August 2023, FIDE implemented a ban on trans women from playing chess in official women's tournaments organised by them, as well as tournaments providing qualification spots to the

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various proposals favored selection by some sort of committee. While they were debating procedures in 1937 and Alekhine and Euwe were preparing for their re-match later that year, the

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pointed out that the purported contract was a draft document. The FIDE Ethics Commission ruled in September 2015 that Ilyumzhinov did not violate the FIDE Code of Ethics.

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championship, and in 1947 sent a telegram apologizing for the absence of Soviet representatives and requesting that the USSR be represented in future FIDE Committees.

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they might have earned while competing as women. The regulation affects those who changed their gender identity after being assigned a FIDE identification number.

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General Secretary since 1990 and number two in the organization under Kirsan's Presidency, was the first to announce his ticket. He was followed by the Englishman

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FIDE funds and manages outreach programs, such as the Chess for Freedom program and awards such as, since 2020, the Svetozar Gligoric Award for fair play.

1069:, whom Short had defeated in the Candidates Tournament. Both Kasparov and Karpov won their respective matches, both claiming the title of world champion. 553:

In 1904, L'union Amicale, a French chess association, attempted to establish an international chess federation. In April 1914, an initiative was taken in

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announced that France will not respect the banishment of transgender people, considering the FIDE decision transphobic. A little later, the

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bidding procedure. Agon/World Chess only retained organizational and commercial rights over the FIDE Grand Prix Series, limited until 2021.

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recognized master; the champion would decide the date of the match; the champion was not obliged to accept a challenge for a

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The eventual solution was similar to FIDE's initial proposal and to a proposal put forward by the Soviet Union (authored by

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On March 22, 2022, FIDE decided to issue a six month ban from competing in rated tournaments against Russian grandmaster

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During his period as president of FIDE (1970–1978) Max Euwe strove to increase the number of member countries, and

320: 3138: 1298:. As a consequence, Russia and Belarus were forbidden from hosting official FIDE events. The decision to hold the 8746: 8693: 8340: 8274: 8013: 7911: 7839: 6416: 6406: 4927: 4889: 4879: 4499: 3936: 3926: 1114: 327: 289: 285: 261: 3183:"Statement of the German Chess Federation on the "@FIDE_chess Policy on Transgender Chess Players Registration"" 2134: 790:, so five players competed, in a quintuple round robin. Botvinnik won, thus becoming world champion, ending the 8589: 8583: 8440: 8334: 8250: 7785: 7130: 6411: 6401: 6396: 5064: 5026: 4697: 3931: 3894: 3867: 3642: 1062: 853:

because of disagreements about the tournament's format and prize fund. Since that event was being treated as a

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and the associated events in the World Championship cycle. The first tournament it organized was the London

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International Chess Tournament. Further efforts temporarily came to an end as a result of the outbreak of

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in 1894, until 1946, a new World Champion had won the title by defeating the former champion in a match.

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Players made the first attempt to produce rules for world championship matches—in 1922, world champion

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of international chess competition. FIDE was founded in Paris, France, on July 20, 1924. Its motto is

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asserted he had also been told this personally by Paulson. In response, FIDE's deputy vice president

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delegates viewed Campomanes as corrupt, and he agreed to resign in 1995, provided his successor was

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promptly signed them. The only match played under those rules was Capablanca vs Alekhine in 1927.

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withdrew his candidacy at the last minute and expressed his support to the Russian candidate.

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was registered shortly after, replacing Agon as the rights holder in the agreement with FIDE.

561:, to form an international chess federation. Another attempt was made in July 1914 during the 7193: 6366: 6289: 6175: 5875: 5870: 5557: 5280: 5239: 5021: 4572: 4002: 3361: 1432: 1153: 1138: 1054: 964: 815: 799: 342: 308: 33: 3278: 3182: 2460: 2411: 2388: 2343: 2160: 1335: 242:), is an international organization based in Switzerland that connects the various national 7418: 6083: 6020: 5979: 5940: 5722: 5712: 5642: 5456: 5387: 5312: 5197: 4996: 4856: 4846: 4836: 4826: 4816: 4806: 4796: 4786: 4776: 4766: 4741: 4731: 4588: 4578: 4568: 3115: 2691: 2003: 1694: 1445: 1210: 1078: 1058: 981: 972: 944: 412: 374: 247: 2616: 963:'s winning the world championship involved FIDE in two controversies. While arranging the 8: 6531: 6311: 6063: 5950: 5920: 5890: 5862: 5835: 5778: 5679: 5647: 5607: 5562: 5275: 5217: 5092: 5040: 5035: 4962: 4920: 4883: 4324: 4304: 4203: 3741: 3711: 2800: 2120: 1928: 1558: 1299: 1283: 1252: 697:

occupation, there was no international competition and FIDE was inactive during the war.

607: 357: 331: 6073: 3054:"Russian chessmaster banned by world chess federation over support for Ukraine invasion" 1262:(Georgia) in October 2018, Dvorkovich won by 103 votes to 78 against Makropoulos, after 6882: 6638: 6536: 6279: 6088: 5729: 5617: 5580: 5229: 5097: 4850: 4582: 4229: 3471: 3451: 3262: 1458: 1282:, India, in August 2022 Dvorkovich got re-elected by 157 votes to 16 against Ukraine's 1227: 1221: 1194: 1185: 1074: 719: 663:

In 1928, FIDE recognized Bogoljubow as "Champion of FIDE" after he won a match against

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is quoted as having twice been told by Paulson that Ilyuzmhinov owned Agon, and in a

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semi-final matches to be played in 1983, FIDE accepted bids to host Kasparov versus

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said the presence of so many weak countries made it easy to manipulate decisions.

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FIDE found itself embroiled in some controversies relating to the American player

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emerged as the official challenger for Kasparov’s world title after winning the

599: 8493: 8434: 8142: 7749: 7641: 6680: 6596: 6344: 6190: 6053: 6048: 5885: 5880: 5746: 5704: 5674: 5503: 5446: 5334: 5302: 5268: 5261: 5246: 5207: 5202: 5129: 5124: 4969: 4913: 4860: 4665: 3862: 3824: 3701: 3658: 3624: 3596: 3512: 3423: 3017:"Russia's Sergey Karjakin banned from chess for supporting invasion of Ukraine" 2329: 2175: 1959: 1942: 1393: 1367: 1315: 1314:

in which he declared his support for the invasion of Ukraine and for President

1240: 1168: 960: 931: 924: 883: 783: 711: 641: 558: 532: 338: 297: 3035:"Chess Federation Bans Russia, Belarus From Tournaments Over Ukraine Invasion" 1976: 1025: 8736: 8730: 8172: 7971: 7875: 6655: 6645: 6628: 6301: 6284: 6211: 6100: 6058: 6038: 5820: 5802: 5793: 5756: 5689: 5612: 5597: 5552: 5535: 5530: 5520: 5352: 5114: 5052: 4830: 4800: 4790: 4770: 4542: 4365: 4163: 3576: 3566: 2433: 1698: 1485: 1319: 1271: 1118: 948: 871: 858: 843: 811: 622: 361: 3283: 782:(from the United States). FIDE soon accepted a Soviet request to substitute 8529: 6691: 6675: 6601: 6586: 6316: 6142: 6125: 6033: 5967: 5910: 5905: 5637: 5632: 5572: 5515: 5406: 5362: 5134: 5119: 5109: 5045: 5011: 4984: 4952: 4480: 4253: 4122: 3991: 2988:"Russian former deputy PM Dvorkovich re-elected chess federation president" 2712: 1540: 1406: 1198: 1028:

by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the

909: 611: 838:, another Soviet player, had been instructed to lose to them (Fischer had 834:

had pre-arranged draws in their games played amongst themselves, and that

814:. The first controversy took place when Fischer alleged that, at the 1962 8517: 8265: 7869: 7857: 5955: 5945: 5694: 5657: 5540: 5151: 5146: 5104: 4957: 4780: 4405: 3532: 1573: 1440: 1414: 1388: 1362: 1263: 1232: 1206: 1050: 875: 831: 775: 731: 689: 582: 566: 365: 353: 786:

for Flohr, and Fine withdrew in order to continue his degree studies in

6591: 5652: 5488: 5478: 5411: 5395: 5087: 3834: 3356: 2055: 1791: 1294:

On February 27, 2022, FIDE issued an official statement condemning the

1066: 854: 827: 787: 771: 767: 685: 676: 649: 570: 377:(chess played by post, email or on online servers) is regulated by the 349: 307:

As part of the World Chess Championship cycle, FIDE also organizes the

293: 5158: 3139:"Some Transgender Women May Be Barred From Women's Chess Competitions" 2167: 1792:"ARISF Association of IOC Recognized International Sports Federations" 984:

negotiated with the Soviet Union, and the match was played in London.

819: 6606: 5935: 5895: 5498: 5493: 5382: 5357: 5082: 4645: 4635: 4625: 4615: 4444: 4419: 4395: 4375: 4355: 4334: 2138: 1375: 1029: 976: 862: 6484: 1842: 1812: 1222:

The election of Arkady Dvorkovich and the end of the Ilyumzhinov era

6294: 5342: 4314: 4294: 3461: 2476:"Vladimir Kramnik: "I am ready for a civilized dialogue with FIDE"" 2451: 2449: 2447: 2426: 1419: 763: 664: 637: 562: 381:, an independent body that cooperates with FIDE where appropriate. 108: 4682: 4491: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 1334:. Additionally, they implemented rules stripping trans men of any 705: 5016: 4284: 4263: 4243: 3230: 1427: 1311: 1279: 1180: 1124: 195: 2444: 2376: 2346:(1988, updated in 2006, 2007 and 2008). Retrieved on 2008-12-27. 1727: 1598: 912:

tournament in The Netherlands because Sosonko was playing in it.

5483: 2207: 2112: 1466: 1453: 1401: 1289: 1259: 1164: 8762:

Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations

4032: 2182: 2029: 304:, in which the best teams from the previous Olympiad compete. 213: 4936: 2591:"An Interview With Ilya Merenzon, Organizer of Carlsen-Anand" 2526:. August 7, 2001. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011 1870: 260:

for 'We are one Family'. In 1999, FIDE was recognized by the

257: 243: 88: 2467: 2251:"World Chess Championship 1975 – Fischer forfeits to Karpov" 2242: 2099: 2097: 2095: 1856: 1189:

from the coming cycles has not yet come to fruition either.

1093:

In 2006, a reunification match was held between Kramnik and

7815: 7779: 2563:"FIDE–Agon Agreement, Annex 11, FIDE General Assembly 2012" 1827: 694: 386: 219: 156: 57: 3268: 2399: 2349: 2277: 548: 482:

International Physically Disabled Chess Association (IPCA)

2264: 2262: 2260: 2092: 1707:(second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 133. 1634:"FIDE Charter, Art. 1 FIDE – Name, legal status and seat" 1251:. Dvorkovich was also one of the chief organizers of the 360:

title. It also awards titles to composers and solvers of

6670: 4905: 2498: 2302: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 1534: 996: 842:, well behind Petrosian, Keres and Geller). Grandmaster 497:

New Caledonia Chess Federation (LENC) *Affiliated Member

280:

since 1948. FIDE also organizes world championships for

2512: 2321: 264:(IOC). As of December 21, 2023, there are 201 8704:

Global Association of International Sports Federations

2967: 2836: 2588: 2257: 2070: 1599:"FIDE new office in Lausanne is now fully operational" 1325: 2145: 2010: 228: 210: 7727: 3090:"Oh Great, Now I Can't Play Chess Because I'm Trans" 2759:"Minutes of 2012 FIDE General Assembly, Section 4.3" 1805: 1530: 479:

International Correspondence Chess Federation (ICCF)

216: 3256: 3137:Moses, Claire; McCarthy, Lauren (August 17, 2023). 2408:"The Schism: Two World Chess Champions (1993–1996)" 2286:"Yuri Averbakh: An Interview with History – Part 2" 1871:"92nd FIDE General Assembly: results and decisions" 1148:Agon subsequently organized the four events in the 207: 170: 3231:"1st FIDE Council Meeting 2023: List of decisions" 3011: 3009: 2980: 2837:Doggers (PeterDoggers), Peter (January 30, 2014). 2191:"Yuri Averbakh, An Interview with History, Part 2" 1993: 1991: 1989: 1929:"African Chess Confederation (ACC) FIDE Directory" 1310:. Karjakin had posted controversial statements on 1105:won the tournament and became the world champion. 870:, which he won convincingly. Fischer then crushed 2968:Doggers (PeterDoggers), Peter (October 4, 2018). 2899:"2015 FIDE Ethics Commission report, case 7/2014" 2506:"Kramnik vs Topalov, 2006 – Toiletgate in Elista" 1949:(Exeter, Devon, England). 27 December 1904. p. 2. 1820: 356:for achievement in competitive play, such as the 8728: 3072:"Trans women banned from top level female chess" 2557: 2555: 2176:"World Chess Championship FIDE Events 1948–1990" 1981:Cheltenham Chronicle and Gloucestershire Graphic 1730:. FIDE (April 8, 2009). Retrieved on 2013-07-28. 1137:event in September 2012, followed by the London 954: 938: 488:Isle of Man Chess Association *Affiliated Member 473:International Chess Committee of the Deaf (ICCD) 3006: 2589:Doggers (PeterDoggers), Peter (December 2014). 2220: 2158: 2127: 2019:"The Mad Aussie's Chess Trivia – Archive No. 3" 1986: 706:Birth of the World Championship challenge cycle 476:International Computer Games Association (ICGA) 276:FIDE's most visible activity is organizing the 7776:(baseball, softball and Baseball5) (associate) 1966:(Calgary, Alberta, Canada). 2 May 1914. p. 10. 1181:FIDE and Agon/World Chess contract controversy 1125:Commercial agreement with Agon and World Chess 849:Then, in 1969, Fischer refused to play in the 805: 470:International Braille Chess Association (IBCA) 7713: 6707: 4921: 4698: 4507: 4018: 3313: 3299: 3279:"Chess: The History of FIDE" by Edward Winter 3136: 2552: 1564:International Correspondence Chess Federation 1483: 512:World Federation for Chess Composition (WFCC) 391:, an increase from the 2021 budget which was 379:International Correspondence Chess Federation 6721: 2813:English Translation of Ilyumzhinov interview 2584: 2582: 2358:"White knight who brought down the Red king" 2283: 2188: 2076: 1832:(portal to other FIDE ratings-related pages) 1290:Reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine 890: 625:in Paris in 1924 and would be hosted by the 236: 3269:Official Online Platform: Fide Online Arena 2858:Nigel Short, New In Chess 2014 #2, page 43] 2457:"The Saga of Chess Unification (1994–2006)" 2308: 2044: 1693: 503:Portuguese-speaking Federations Association 431: 251: 32:"Fide" redirects here. For other uses, see 7720: 7706: 6714: 6700: 4928: 4914: 4705: 4691: 4514: 4500: 4025: 4011: 3306: 3292: 3261: 2685:"2014 Candidates Regulations, Section 4.8" 176: 4045:List of Women's World Chess Championships 2579: 2432: 2385:"FIDE World Chess Championship 1948–1990" 1983:(Cheltenham, England). 11 Jul 1914. p. 8. 1243:. The last to announce his candidacy was 458:Confederation of Chess for Americas (CCA) 424:Confederation of Chess for Americas (CCA) 8757:Sports organizations established in 1924 3051: 2673:from the original on September 12, 2014. 2473: 1099:2007 World Chess Championship Tournament 895:FIDE had a number of conflicts with the 452:Chess Association of Black Sea Countries 3274:"FIDE: The Prehistory" by Edward Winter 2869:"International Chess Federation – FIDE" 2631:"International Chess Federation – FIDE" 2355: 2016: 1915:"World Chess Federation FIDE Directory" 1857:"Svetozar Gligoric Award for fair play" 1762:"International Chess Federation – FIDE" 1721: 1620:"World Chess Federation FIDE Directory" 549:Foundation and early years (up to 1939) 14: 8729: 2818: 2438:"The Garry Kasparov Interview, Part 2" 2268: 2118: 2103: 2035: 467:Iberoamerican Chess Federation (FIBDA) 8699:International World Games Association 7701: 6695: 4909: 4686: 4495: 4006: 3287: 3206: 3112:International Chess Federation (FIDE) 2661:"FIDE Grand Prix 2014–15 Regulations" 2327: 2248: 2173: 1843:"About the Chess for Freedom program" 997:World Championship divided, 1993–2006 915:In 1976 world championship contender 491:Mediterranean Chess Association (MCA) 464:Francophone Chess Association (AIDEF) 334:use minor differences to FIDE rules. 194:, commonly referred to by its French 4066:FIDE Women's Grand Swiss Tournament‎ 2747:from the original on August 1, 2014. 2575:from the original on April 20, 2016. 2382: 2356:Johnson, Daniel (November 6, 2007). 2330:"1984 Karpov – Kasparov Title Match" 2311:"A crisis is looming in chess world" 2298:from the original on March 30, 2004. 2203:from the original on March 30, 2004. 1997: 1668: 1569:List of FIDE chess world number ones 1506: 1113:In 1999, FIDE was recognised by the 1000: 737:Interregnum of World Chess Champions 640:in 1926, also decided to organize a 238:Fédération Internationale des Échecs 49:Fédération Internationale des Échecs 4712: 4521: 2970:"Dvorkovich Elected FIDE President" 2935:from the original on June 23, 2019. 2923:"FIDE Ethics decision, case 7/2014" 2911:from the original on July 14, 2017. 2771:from the original on June 23, 2019. 2238:from the original on July 27, 2004. 1650:from the original on April 27, 2020 1326:Restrictions on transgender players 766:(from The Netherlands); Botvinnik, 24: 8049:(baseball, softball and Baseball5) 2825:Minutes 2012 FIDE General Assembly 2782:2016 FIDE General Assembly Minutes 2106:"Chess Notes Archive [17]" 1353: 1216: 1108: 421:African Chess Confederation (ACC) 29:International chess governing body 25: 8773: 4034:Women's World Chess Championships 3326:List of World Chess Championships 3248: 3207:Baska, Maggie (August 20, 2023). 3052:McKinnon, Kyle (March 22, 2022). 2609:"» Anand – Carlsen, Chennai 2013" 2474:Vasiliev, Y (November 14, 2004). 2405: 1977:An International Chess Federation 1235:, a world title contender in the 1163:Agon had been founded in 2012 in 500:Oceania Chess Confederation (OCC) 437:African Chess Confederation (ACC) 427:Oceania Chess Confederation (OCC) 7998:(skiing and snowboarding sports) 7729:International sports federations 6669: 6340:List of strong chess tournaments 4475: 4466: 4465: 3986: 3977: 3976: 2520:"FIDE to adopt IOC Medical Code" 1533: 1465: 1452: 1439: 1426: 1413: 1400: 1387: 1374: 1361: 1005: 688:under a tie-breaking rule, with 528:Women's World Chess Championship 509:South Asian Chess Council (SACC) 485:International School Chess Union 321:FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament 2019 296:. Another flagship event is the 203: 56: 8694:International Olympic Committee 5318:Gökyay Association Chess Museum 3223: 3200: 3175: 3149: 3130: 3100: 3082: 3064: 3045: 3027: 2961: 2939: 2915: 2891: 2861: 2849: 2830: 2806: 2794: 2775: 2751: 2727: 2701: 2677: 2653: 2623: 2601: 2336: 2271:"Campo's Legacy to World Chess" 1969: 1952: 1935: 1921: 1907: 1885: 1863: 1849: 1835: 1477: 1141:in March 2013, and the Chennai 1115:International Olympic Committee 991: 700: 506:Small Nations Chess Association 328:International Olympic Committee 262:International Olympic Committee 2309:Burns, J.F. (August 6, 1983). 1893:"FIDE in good financial shape" 1784: 1754: 1733: 1687: 1662: 1626: 1612: 1591: 1278:At FIDE's general assembly in 1063:Professional Chess Association 930:FIDE decided to hold the 1976 754:was used as the basis for the 516: 455:Commonwealth Chess Association 406: 188:International Chess Federation 42:International Chess Federation 13: 1: 8568:(Gaelic football and hurling) 6438:Computer chess championships 4071:Women's Candidates Tournament 2226:"Remembering Max Euwe Part 1" 2121:"World Championship Disorder" 2038:"Capablanca v Alekhine, 1927" 1704:The Oxford Companion to Chess 1584: 1237:World Chess Championship 1993 1090:to shorten game time limits. 955:World Championship, 1983–1985 939:Rapid expansion of membership 903:The defection of grandmaster 774:(from the Soviet Union); and 633:masters to revise the Rules. 449:Balkan Chess Federation (BCF) 384:The FIDE budget for 2022 was 2082:"Whose Title Is it, Anyway?" 1673:. Collier Books. p. 7. 899:. These conflicts included: 756:1948 Championship Tournament 617:In 1922, the Russian master 418:Asian Chess Federation (ACF) 246:federations and acts as the 7: 8496:(Australian rules football) 7952:Winter Olympics Federations 7742:Summer Olympics Federations 6220:Bishop and knight checkmate 3347:FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament 3336:Knockout format (1998–2004) 2459:. About.com. Archived from 2410:. About.com. Archived from 2387:. about.com. Archived from 1526: 1511:(2nd ed.). Macmillan. 1296:Russian invasion of Ukraine 806:Bobby Fischer controversies 440:Arab Chess Federation (ACF) 10: 8778: 6383:Other world championships 1671:The Official Laws of Chess 1509:The Official Laws of Chess 1490:The Official Laws of Chess 1258:In the elections, held in 636:FIDE's third congress, in 543: 461:European Chess Union (ECU) 398: 326:FIDE is recognized by the 266:member federations of FIDE 121:203 national associations 99:International organization 31: 8711:IOC recognition withdrawn 8689: 8628:(radio-controlled racing) 8480: 8398: 8260: 8005: 7945: 7800:(dance sport) (associate) 7735: 7417: 7144: 6961: 6733: 6664: 6574: 6477: 6330: 6230:Opposite-coloured bishops 6210: 6156: 6019: 5861: 5801: 5792: 5703: 5571: 5432: 5333: 5169: 5073: 4943: 4935: 4870: 4755: 4720: 4602: 4529: 4461: 4429: 4344: 4273: 4142: 4079: 4040: 3972: 3856:Other world championships 3855: 3765: 3682: 3641: 3634: 3481: 3370: 3321: 3315:World Chess Championships 2544:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1020:toward certain viewpoints 891:Other 1970s controversies 494:MITROPA Chess Association 443:ASEAN Chess Confederation 165: 149: 137: 125: 115: 104: 94: 72: 64: 55: 46: 8247:(waterski and wakeboard) 7968:(bobsleigh and skeleton) 6357:World Chess Championship 5323:World Chess Hall of Fame 4061:Women's Chess World Cup‎ 2735:"Agon Corporate Records" 2159:Winter, E. (2003–2004). 1964:The Calgary Daily Herald 1947:Devon and Exeter Gazette 1579: 1249:Russian Chess Federation 1158:World Chess Championship 1143:World Chess Championship 1131:World Chess Championship 523:World Chess Championship 432:Affiliated Organizations 278:World Chess Championship 47: 8716:Seeking IOC recognition 8473:(table football/soccer) 6651:Simultaneous exhibition 6561:Chess newspaper columns 6250:Rook and bishop vs rook 6240:Queen and pawn vs queen 4872:Women's Chess World Cup 4604:FIDE Women's Grand Prix 4056:FIDE Women's Grand Prix 2709:"Sochi 2014 Organizers" 2163:. Chess History Center. 1488:; Lim, Kok Ann (1985). 1347:German Chess Federation 1343:French Chess Federation 1332:Women's Chess World Cup 1150:FIDE Grand Prix 2014–15 1077:, the president of the 897:Soviet Chess Federation 627:French Chess Federation 302:World Team Championship 271: 78:; 100 years ago 8747:Chess governing bodies 6106:Richter–Veresov Attack 6094:Queen's Indian Defence 2815:(Chess In Translation) 2787:July 14, 2017, at the 2619:on September 26, 2013. 2054:. FIDE. Archived from 1728:World Chess Federation 1554:Chess around the world 959:The events leading to 762:. These players were: 760:round-robin tournament 673:Dutch Chess Federation 619:Eugene Znosko-Borovsky 446:Asian Chess Federation 352:of players and awards 252: 237: 192:World Chess Federation 8538:(Brazilian jiu-jitsu) 8404:observer members (11) 8012:Others recognised by 6367:Candidates Tournament 6255:Rook and pawn vs rook 6225:King and pawn vs king 6176:List of chess gambits 6079:King's Indian Defence 5757:Isolated Queen's Pawn 5281:List of chess players 5223:Top player comparison 5022:Internet chess server 3362:Candidates Tournament 2856:Short Stories (Agony) 2827:Section 4.3 (page 18) 2801:Ilyumzhinov interview 2463:on December 11, 2007. 2284:Kingston, T. (2002). 2189:Kingston, T. (2002). 1960:Chess: Notes and News 1154:Candidates Tournament 1139:Candidates Tournament 1055:Candidates Tournament 965:Candidates Tournament 861:in 1972. Grandmaster 822:, the Soviet players 816:Candidates Tournament 800:Candidates Tournament 343:International Arbiter 309:Candidates Tournament 34:Fide (disambiguation) 8598:(mixed martial arts) 8574:(downhill ice cross) 8431:(kettlebell lifting) 8355:(practical shooting) 8211:(ski mountaineering) 6084:Nimzo-Indian Defence 5980:Scandinavian Defense 5941:Semi-Italian Opening 5846:King's Indian Attack 5735:first-move advantage 5388:Threefold repetition 5313:Bobby Fischer Center 5198:Charlemagne chessmen 5192:Göttingen manuscript 5156: 4997:Correspondence chess 2791:Section 4.2, page 19 2697:on October 23, 2013. 2641:on September 6, 2019 2613:chennai2013.fide.com 2141:on October 20, 2008. 2080:, Y. (August 1998). 2006:on October 28, 2009. 1772:on November 14, 2016 1741:"Member Federations" 1446:Florencio Campomanes 1211:Georgios Makropoulos 1079:Republic of Kalmykia 1059:Florencio Campomanes 982:Florencio Campomanes 973:Pasadena, California 945:Florencio Campomanes 722:'s death created an 578:José Raúl Capablanca 413:European Chess Union 375:Correspondence chess 348:FIDE calculates the 8241:(university sports) 8235:(underwater sports) 8031:(American football) 7854:(modern pentathlon) 6312:Two knights endgame 6064:Bogo-Indian Defence 5951:Two Knights Defense 5891:Nimzowitsch Defence 5581:Artificial castling 5218:Soviet chess school 5093:Dubrovnik chess set 3118:on January 22, 2024 2879:on December 8, 2015 2715:on December 8, 2015 2486:on October 15, 2007 2058:on January 11, 2008 1873:. December 29, 2021 1559:FIDE World Rankings 1300:2022 Chess Olympiad 1284:Andrii Baryshpolets 1253:2018 FIFA World Cup 1026:improve the article 684:in 1938 was won by 332:US Chess Federation 43: 8640:(snowshoe running) 8604:(mountain running) 8157:(motorcycle sport) 8061:(billiards sports) 6542:endgame literature 6089:Old Indian Defense 5999:Accelerated Dragon 5871:Alekhine's Defence 5603:Checkmate patterns 5472:symbols in Unicode 5467:annotation symbols 5230:Geography of chess 5098:Staunton chess set 4345:Alternating format 3143:The New York Times 2436:(April 14, 2005). 2393:Also available on 2231:. The Chess Cafe. 1895:. December 8, 2020 1459:Kirsan Ilyumzhinov 1228:Kirsan Ilyumzhinov 1195:Kirsan Ilyumzhinov 1186:Kirsan Ilyumzhinov 1145:in November 2013. 1075:Kirsan Ilyumzhinov 739:for more details. 720:Alexander Alekhine 389:12.84 million 76:July 20, 1924 41: 8724: 8723: 8121:(ice stock sport) 7695: 7694: 6689: 6688: 6566:Chess periodicals 6495:Chess in the arts 6427:Chess composition 6265:Philidor position 6206: 6205: 6148:Trompowsky Attack 6131:Semi-Slav Defence 6021:Queen's Pawn Game 5901:Four Knights Game 5876:Caro–Kann Defence 5841:Zukertort Opening 5628:Discovered attack 5348:Cheating in chess 5185:Versus de scachis 4903: 4902: 4680: 4679: 4489: 4488: 4080:Tournament format 4000: 3999: 3761: 3760: 3041:. March 16, 2022. 3023:. March 21, 2022. 2414:on April 12, 2006 2391:on July 20, 2008. 2196:. chesscafe.com. 1549:FIDE Online Arena 1472:Arkady Dvorkovich 1245:Arkady Dvorkovich 1156:in 2014, and the 1103:Viswanathan Anand 1047: 1046: 927:'s title in 1978. 868:Palma de Mallorca 851:U.S. Championship 748:Mikhail Botvinnik 710:From the time of 337:FIDE defines the 184: 183: 144:Viswanathan Anand 132:Arkady Dvorkovich 16:(Redirected from 8769: 8670:(touch football) 8652:(sport stacking) 8562:(fullbore rifle) 8163:(mountaineering) 7992:(skating sports) 7890:(sport climbing) 7752:(aquatic sports) 7722: 7715: 7708: 7699: 7698: 6723:National members 6716: 6709: 6702: 6693: 6692: 6676:Chess portal 6674: 6673: 6617:Leela Chess Zero 6548:Oxford Companion 6500:early literature 6490:Chess aesthetics 6235:Pawnless endgame 6186:Bongcloud Attack 6164:List of openings 6136:Chigorin Defense 6074:Grünfeld Defence 5985:Sicilian Defence 5931:Ponziani Opening 5926:Philidor Defence 5921:Petrov's Defence 5863:King's Pawn Game 5836:Larsen's Opening 5799: 5798: 5160: 4930: 4923: 4916: 4907: 4906: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4684: 4683: 4516: 4509: 4502: 4493: 4492: 4479: 4469: 4468: 4274:Knock-out format 4027: 4020: 4013: 4004: 4003: 3990: 3980: 3979: 3639: 3638: 3308: 3301: 3294: 3285: 3284: 3265: 3260: 3259: 3257:Official website 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3204: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3179: 3173: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3114:. Archived from 3104: 3098: 3097: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3013: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2994:. August 7, 2022 2984: 2978: 2977: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2927: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2903: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2875:. Archived from 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2810: 2804: 2798: 2792: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2763: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2739: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2711:. Archived from 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2690:. Archived from 2689: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2665: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2637:. Archived from 2627: 2621: 2620: 2615:. Archived from 2605: 2599: 2598: 2586: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2567: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2543: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2482:. Archived from 2480:Vladimir Kramnik 2471: 2465: 2464: 2453: 2442: 2441: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2403: 2397: 2392: 2380: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2353: 2347: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2306: 2300: 2299: 2297: 2290: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2266: 2255: 2254: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2230: 2218: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2195: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2156: 2143: 2142: 2137:. Archived from 2131: 2125: 2124: 2116: 2110: 2109: 2101: 2090: 2089: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2033: 2027: 2026: 2025:on May 16, 2008. 2021:. Archived from 2014: 2008: 2007: 2002:. Archived from 1995: 1984: 1973: 1967: 1956: 1950: 1939: 1933: 1932: 1925: 1919: 1918: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1839: 1833: 1831: 1824: 1818: 1816: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1768:. Archived from 1758: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1737: 1731: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1649: 1638: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1595: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1522: 1503: 1484:Kazic, Bozidar; 1470: 1469: 1457: 1456: 1444: 1443: 1433:Friðrik Ólafsson 1431: 1430: 1418: 1417: 1405: 1404: 1392: 1391: 1379: 1378: 1366: 1365: 1087:Vladimir Kramnik 1042: 1039: 1033: 1009: 1008: 1001: 921:political asylum 855:Zonal tournament 824:Tigran Petrosian 780:Samuel Reshevsky 716:Wilhelm Steinitz 394: 390: 255: 240: 231: 226: 225: 222: 221: 218: 215: 212: 209: 180: 175: 172: 160: 139:Deputy President 86: 84: 79: 60: 44: 40: 21: 8777: 8776: 8772: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8767: 8766: 8742:Chess in France 8727: 8726: 8725: 8720: 8685: 8682:(ultra running) 8676:(trail running) 8476: 8403: 8394: 8385:(sport fishing) 8283:(arm wrestling) 8262: 8256: 8055:(basque pelota) 8010: 8001: 7950: 7941: 7932:(weightlifting) 7860:(roller sports) 7740: 7731: 7726: 7696: 7691: 7413: 7140: 6957: 6729: 6720: 6690: 6685: 6668: 6660: 6570: 6556:Chess libraries 6473: 6377:FIDE Grand Prix 6372:Chess World Cup 6326: 6322:Wrong rook pawn 6260:Lucena position 6202: 6152: 6069:Catalan Opening 6044:English Defence 6029:Budapest Gambit 6015: 5973:Austrian Attack 5857: 5826:English Opening 5788: 5784:School of chess 5767:Minority attack 5699: 5668:Queen sacrifice 5567: 5428: 5424:White and Black 5419:Touch-move rule 5378:Perpetual check 5373:Fifty-move rule 5329: 5165: 5162: 5069: 4939: 4934: 4904: 4899: 4866: 4751: 4716: 4714:Chess World Cup 4711: 4681: 4676: 4598: 4531:FIDE Grand Prix 4525: 4523:FIDE Grand Prix 4520: 4490: 4485: 4457: 4425: 4340: 4269: 4138: 4075: 4052: 4036: 4031: 4001: 3996: 3968: 3851: 3757: 3678: 3630: 3477: 3366: 3352:FIDE Grand Prix 3342:Chess World Cup 3338: 3317: 3312: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3246: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3166: 3164: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3050: 3046: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3021:theguardian.com 3015: 3014: 3007: 2997: 2995: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2966: 2962: 2952: 2950: 2949:. July 26, 2018 2945: 2944: 2940: 2932: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2901: 2897: 2896: 2892: 2882: 2880: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2835: 2831: 2823: 2819: 2811: 2807: 2799: 2795: 2789:Wayback Machine 2780: 2776: 2768: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2744: 2737: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2694: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2663: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2644: 2642: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2587: 2580: 2572: 2565: 2561: 2560: 2553: 2537: 2536: 2529: 2527: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2489: 2487: 2472: 2468: 2455: 2454: 2445: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2404: 2400: 2395:FIDE's Web site 2381: 2377: 2367: 2365: 2354: 2350: 2344:The Termination 2342:Edward Winter, 2341: 2337: 2326: 2322: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2288: 2282: 2278: 2267: 2258: 2247: 2243: 2235: 2228: 2222:Gennadi Sosonko 2219: 2208: 2200: 2193: 2187: 2183: 2172: 2168: 2157: 2146: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2117: 2113: 2102: 2093: 2075: 2071: 2061: 2059: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2034: 2030: 2015: 2011: 1996: 1987: 1974: 1970: 1957: 1953: 1940: 1936: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1913: 1912: 1908: 1898: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1886: 1876: 1874: 1869: 1868: 1864: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1841: 1840: 1836: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1817:(contents page) 1813:"FIDE Handbook" 1811: 1810: 1806: 1796: 1794: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1726: 1722: 1715: 1692: 1688: 1681: 1667: 1663: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1627: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1603: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1539: 1532: 1529: 1519: 1500: 1480: 1464: 1451: 1438: 1425: 1412: 1399: 1386: 1381:Augusto De Muro 1373: 1360: 1356: 1354:FIDE presidents 1328: 1308:Sergey Karjakin 1292: 1224: 1219: 1217:2018 to present 1183: 1135:FIDE Grand Prix 1127: 1111: 1109:IOC recognition 1095:Veselin Topalov 1043: 1037: 1034: 1023: 1010: 1006: 999: 994: 969:Victor Korchnoi 957: 941: 917:Viktor Korchnoi 905:Gennadi Sosonko 893: 836:Viktor Korchnoi 808: 752:AVRO tournament 708: 703: 682:AVRO tournament 551: 546: 538:FIDE Grand Prix 519: 434: 409: 401: 393:€4 million 392: 385: 317:FIDE Grand Prix 313:Chess World Cup 274: 229: 206: 202: 169: 155: 152: 140: 128: 118: 82: 80: 77: 51: 37: 30: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8775: 8765: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8722: 8721: 8719: 8718: 8713: 8707: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8683: 8677: 8671: 8665: 8664:(tent pegging) 8659: 8658:(table hockey) 8653: 8647: 8641: 8635: 8629: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8610:(ocean rowing) 8605: 8599: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8575: 8569: 8563: 8557: 8551: 8545: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8521: 8515: 8514:(bodyboarding) 8509: 8503: 8497: 8491: 8484: 8482: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8474: 8468: 8467:(rugby league) 8462: 8456: 8450: 8444: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8414: 8407: 8405: 8396: 8395: 8393: 8392: 8386: 8380: 8374: 8368: 8367:(sepak takraw) 8362: 8356: 8350: 8349:(powerlifting) 8344: 8338: 8332: 8326: 8320: 8314: 8308: 8302: 8296: 8290: 8289:(bodybuilding) 8284: 8278: 8271: 8269: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8254: 8248: 8242: 8236: 8230: 8224: 8218: 8212: 8206: 8200: 8194: 8193:(powerboating) 8188: 8182: 8181:(orienteering) 8176: 8170: 8164: 8158: 8152: 8146: 8140: 8134: 8128: 8122: 8116: 8110: 8104: 8098: 8092: 8086: 8080: 8074: 8068: 8062: 8056: 8050: 8044: 8038: 8032: 8026: 8019: 8017: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7999: 7993: 7987: 7981: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7956: 7954: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7939: 7933: 7927: 7921: 7915: 7909: 7903: 7902:(table tennis) 7897: 7891: 7885: 7879: 7873: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7843: 7842:(field hockey) 7837: 7831: 7825: 7819: 7813: 7807: 7801: 7795: 7789: 7783: 7777: 7771: 7765: 7759: 7753: 7746: 7744: 7733: 7732: 7725: 7724: 7717: 7710: 7702: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7423: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7150: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6967: 6965: 6963:Americas (CCA) 6959: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6739: 6737: 6731: 6730: 6719: 6718: 6711: 6704: 6696: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6678: 6665: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6642: 6641: 6636: 6626: 6625: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6599: 6597:Chess composer 6594: 6589: 6584: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6544: 6539: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6492: 6487: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6452:North American 6449: 6444: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6354: 6353: 6352: 6345:Chess Olympiad 6342: 6336: 6334: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6262: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6216: 6214: 6208: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6200: 6199: 6198: 6196:Scholar's mate 6193: 6188: 6178: 6173: 6172: 6171: 6160: 6158: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6111:Queen's Gambit 6108: 6103: 6098: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6054:Benoni Defence 6049:Indian Defence 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6025: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6013: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5992: 5982: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5965: 5963:Owen's Defence 5960: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5893: 5888: 5886:Modern Defence 5883: 5881:French Defence 5878: 5873: 5867: 5865: 5859: 5858: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5816:Bird's Opening 5813: 5807: 5805: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5770: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5747:Pawn structure 5744: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5715: 5709: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5594: 5593: 5591:Alekhine's gun 5583: 5577: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5513: 5508: 5507: 5506: 5504:Half-open file 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5475: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5447:Chess notation 5444: 5438: 5436: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5415: 5414: 5404: 5402:Pawn promotion 5399: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5339: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5326: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5305: 5303:Women in chess 5300: 5299: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5278: 5273: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5249: 5244: 5243: 5242: 5227: 5226: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5213:Hypermodernism 5210: 5208:Romantic chess 5205: 5203:Lewis chessmen 5200: 5195: 5188: 5175: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5079: 5077: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5061: 5060: 5050: 5049: 5048: 5043: 5041:world rankings 5033: 5032: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5019: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4970:Computer chess 4967: 4966: 4965: 4955: 4949: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4933: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4910: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4887: 4876: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4854: 4844: 4834: 4824: 4814: 4804: 4794: 4784: 4774: 4763: 4761: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4749: 4739: 4728: 4726: 4718: 4717: 4710: 4709: 4702: 4695: 4687: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4659: 4649: 4639: 4629: 4619: 4608: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4596: 4586: 4576: 4566: 4556: 4546: 4535: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4519: 4518: 4511: 4504: 4496: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4483: 4473: 4462: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4455: 4448: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4409: 4399: 4389: 4379: 4369: 4359: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4328: 4318: 4308: 4298: 4288: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4267: 4257: 4247: 4233: 4207: 4204:Gaprindashvili 4181: 4167: 4157: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4126: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4030: 4029: 4022: 4015: 4007: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3994: 3984: 3973: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3959: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3917:Correspondence 3914: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3849: 3828: 3802: 3780: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3756: 3755: 3745: 3735: 3725: 3715: 3705: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3679: 3677: 3676: 3662: 3647: 3645: 3636: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3628: 3606: 3600: 3580: 3570: 3560: 3546: 3536: 3526: 3516: 3506: 3487: 3485: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3465: 3455: 3437: 3427: 3420:1910 (Nov–Dec) 3416:1910 (Jan–Feb) 3397: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3333: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3318: 3311: 3310: 3303: 3296: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3250: 3249:External links 3247: 3244: 3243: 3222: 3199: 3174: 3148: 3129: 3099: 3081: 3063: 3044: 3026: 3005: 2979: 2960: 2938: 2914: 2890: 2860: 2848: 2829: 2817: 2805: 2803:(SportExpress) 2793: 2774: 2750: 2726: 2700: 2676: 2652: 2622: 2600: 2578: 2551: 2511: 2508:. Chess games. 2497: 2466: 2443: 2434:Greengard, Mig 2425: 2398: 2375: 2348: 2335: 2320: 2315:New York Times 2301: 2276: 2256: 2241: 2206: 2181: 2166: 2144: 2126: 2111: 2091: 2086:GAMES Magazine 2069: 2052:"FIDE History" 2043: 2028: 2009: 2000:"FIDE History" 1985: 1968: 1951: 1934: 1920: 1906: 1884: 1862: 1848: 1834: 1828:"FIDE Ratings" 1819: 1804: 1783: 1753: 1732: 1720: 1713: 1699:Whyld, Kenneth 1686: 1679: 1661: 1625: 1611: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1523: 1517: 1504: 1498: 1486:Keene, Raymond 1479: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1461: 1448: 1435: 1422: 1409: 1396: 1394:Alexander Rueb 1383: 1370: 1368:Alexander Rueb 1355: 1352: 1336:women's titles 1327: 1324: 1316:Vladimir Putin 1291: 1288: 1241:Garry Kasparov 1226:In July 2018, 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1182: 1179: 1169:Andrew Paulson 1126: 1123: 1110: 1107: 1045: 1044: 1013: 1011: 1004: 998: 995: 993: 990: 961:Garry Kasparov 956: 953: 940: 937: 936: 935: 932:Chess Olympiad 928: 925:Anatoly Karpov 913: 892: 889: 884:Anatoly Karpov 807: 804: 784:Vasily Smyslov 712:Emanuel Lasker 707: 704: 702: 699: 648:, followed by 642:Chess Olympiad 555:St. Petersburg 550: 547: 545: 542: 541: 540: 535: 533:Chess Olympiad 530: 525: 518: 515: 514: 513: 510: 507: 504: 501: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 483: 480: 477: 474: 471: 468: 465: 462: 459: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 441: 438: 433: 430: 429: 428: 425: 422: 419: 416: 408: 405: 400: 397: 362:chess problems 339:rules of chess 298:Chess Olympiad 273: 270: 253:Gens una sumus 248:governing body 182: 181: 167: 163: 162: 153: 150: 147: 146: 141: 138: 135: 134: 129: 126: 123: 122: 119: 116: 113: 112: 106: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 74: 70: 69: 66: 62: 61: 53: 52: 28: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8774: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8752:1924 in chess 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8734: 8732: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8708: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8691: 8688: 8681: 8678: 8675: 8672: 8669: 8666: 8663: 8660: 8657: 8654: 8651: 8648: 8645: 8642: 8639: 8636: 8633: 8630: 8627: 8624: 8621: 8618: 8615: 8612: 8609: 8606: 8603: 8600: 8597: 8594: 8592:(landsailing) 8591: 8588: 8585: 8582: 8579: 8576: 8573: 8570: 8567: 8564: 8561: 8558: 8555: 8552: 8549: 8546: 8543: 8540: 8537: 8534: 8531: 8528: 8525: 8522: 8519: 8516: 8513: 8510: 8508:(ball hockey) 8507: 8504: 8501: 8498: 8495: 8492: 8489: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8479: 8472: 8469: 8466: 8463: 8460: 8457: 8454: 8451: 8448: 8445: 8442: 8439: 8436: 8433: 8430: 8427: 8424: 8421: 8418: 8415: 8412: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8402: 8397: 8390: 8387: 8384: 8381: 8379:(soft tennis) 8378: 8375: 8372: 8369: 8366: 8363: 8360: 8357: 8354: 8351: 8348: 8345: 8342: 8339: 8336: 8333: 8330: 8327: 8324: 8321: 8318: 8315: 8312: 8309: 8307:(dragon boat) 8306: 8303: 8300: 8297: 8294: 8291: 8288: 8285: 8282: 8279: 8276: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8268: 8267: 8259: 8252: 8249: 8246: 8243: 8240: 8237: 8234: 8231: 8228: 8225: 8222: 8219: 8216: 8213: 8210: 8207: 8204: 8201: 8199:(racquetball) 8198: 8195: 8192: 8189: 8186: 8183: 8180: 8177: 8174: 8171: 8168: 8165: 8162: 8159: 8156: 8153: 8151:(life saving) 8150: 8147: 8144: 8141: 8138: 8135: 8132: 8129: 8126: 8123: 8120: 8117: 8115:(flying disc) 8114: 8111: 8108: 8105: 8103:(dance sport) 8102: 8099: 8096: 8093: 8090: 8087: 8084: 8081: 8078: 8075: 8072: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8060: 8057: 8054: 8051: 8048: 8045: 8042: 8039: 8037:(auto racing) 8036: 8033: 8030: 8027: 8024: 8021: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8015: 8008: 8004: 7997: 7994: 7991: 7988: 7985: 7982: 7979: 7976: 7973: 7970: 7967: 7964: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7948: 7944: 7937: 7934: 7931: 7928: 7925: 7922: 7919: 7916: 7913: 7910: 7907: 7904: 7901: 7898: 7895: 7892: 7889: 7886: 7883: 7880: 7877: 7874: 7872:(rugby union) 7871: 7868: 7865: 7862: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7850: 7847: 7844: 7841: 7838: 7835: 7832: 7829: 7826: 7823: 7820: 7817: 7814: 7811: 7808: 7805: 7802: 7799: 7796: 7793: 7790: 7787: 7784: 7781: 7778: 7775: 7772: 7769: 7766: 7763: 7760: 7757: 7754: 7751: 7748: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7723: 7718: 7716: 7711: 7709: 7704: 7703: 7700: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7143: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6960: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6732: 6728: 6724: 6717: 6712: 6710: 6705: 6703: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6666: 6663: 6657: 6656:Solving chess 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6646:Chess prodigy 6644: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6629:Chess problem 6627: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6537:opening books 6535: 6534: 6533: 6530: 6526: 6525:short stories 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6497: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478:Art and media 6476: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6393: 6390: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6359: 6358: 6355: 6351: 6348: 6347: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6329: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6290:triangulation 6288: 6286: 6285:Tarrasch rule 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6257: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6245:Queen vs pawn 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6101:London System 6099: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6059:Modern Benoni 6057: 6055: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6039:Dutch Defence 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6018: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5974: 5971: 5970: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5916:King's Gambit 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5860: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5831:Grob's Attack 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5821:Dunst Opening 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5811:Benko Opening 5809: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5803:Flank opening 5800: 5797: 5795: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5669: 5666: 5665: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5558:Transposition 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5505: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5309: 5308:Chess museums 5306: 5304: 5301: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5276:Notable games 5274: 5270: 5267: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5189: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5181: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5065:World records 5063: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5054: 5051: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5038: 5037: 5036:Rating system 5034: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4971: 4968: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4931: 4926: 4924: 4919: 4917: 4912: 4911: 4908: 4895: 4891: 4888: 4885: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4862: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4818: 4815: 4812: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4754: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4719: 4715: 4708: 4703: 4701: 4696: 4694: 4689: 4688: 4685: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4663: 4660: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4601: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4570: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4554: 4550: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4512: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4498: 4497: 4494: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4472: 4464: 4463: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4403: 4400: 4397: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4383: 4380: 4377: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4336: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4272: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4230:Chiburdanidze 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4208: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4042: 4039: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4009: 4008: 4005: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3983: 3975: 3974: 3971: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3842: 3841: 3836: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3753: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3681: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3643:PCA/Classical 3640: 3637: 3633: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3578: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3480: 3473: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3309: 3304: 3302: 3297: 3295: 3290: 3289: 3286: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3258: 3253: 3252: 3232: 3226: 3210: 3203: 3188: 3184: 3178: 3162: 3158: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3133: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3059: 3055: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3010: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2975: 2971: 2964: 2948: 2942: 2931: 2924: 2918: 2907: 2900: 2894: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2864: 2857: 2852: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2826: 2821: 2814: 2809: 2802: 2797: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2778: 2767: 2760: 2754: 2743: 2736: 2730: 2714: 2710: 2704: 2693: 2686: 2680: 2669: 2662: 2656: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2604: 2596: 2592: 2585: 2583: 2571: 2564: 2558: 2556: 2547: 2541: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2507: 2501: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2470: 2462: 2458: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2440:. Chess base. 2439: 2435: 2429: 2413: 2409: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2386: 2379: 2363: 2359: 2352: 2345: 2339: 2331: 2324: 2316: 2312: 2305: 2294: 2291:. ChessCafe. 2287: 2280: 2272: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2253:. Mark Weeks. 2252: 2245: 2234: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2199: 2192: 2185: 2177: 2170: 2162: 2161:"Interregnum" 2155: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2140: 2136: 2130: 2122: 2115: 2107: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2057: 2053: 2047: 2039: 2032: 2024: 2020: 2013: 2005: 2001: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1982: 1978: 1972: 1965: 1961: 1955: 1948: 1944: 1938: 1930: 1924: 1916: 1910: 1894: 1888: 1872: 1866: 1858: 1852: 1844: 1838: 1829: 1823: 1814: 1808: 1793: 1787: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1757: 1742: 1736: 1729: 1724: 1716: 1714:0-19-280049-3 1710: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1695:Hooper, David 1690: 1682: 1680:0-02-028540-X 1676: 1672: 1669:FIDE (1989). 1665: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1629: 1621: 1615: 1600: 1594: 1590: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1536: 1531: 1520: 1518:0-02-028540-X 1514: 1510: 1507:FIDE (2000). 1505: 1501: 1499:0-7134-4802-4 1495: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1481: 1473: 1468: 1463:2018–present 1462: 1460: 1455: 1449: 1447: 1442: 1436: 1434: 1429: 1423: 1421: 1416: 1410: 1408: 1403: 1397: 1395: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1364: 1358: 1357: 1351: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1323: 1321: 1320:Sergei Shipov 1317: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1273: 1272:Emil Sutovsky 1267: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1190: 1187: 1178: 1175: 1174:Ilya Merenzon 1170: 1166: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1122: 1120: 1119:Olympic Games 1116: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1091: 1088: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1041: 1038:November 2020 1031: 1027: 1021: 1019: 1014:This section 1012: 1003: 1002: 989: 985: 983: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 952: 950: 949:Yuri Averbakh 946: 933: 929: 926: 922: 918: 914: 911: 906: 902: 901: 900: 898: 888: 885: 879: 877: 873: 872:Mark Taimanov 869: 864: 860: 859:Boris Spassky 856: 852: 847: 845: 844:Yuri Averbakh 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 812:Bobby Fischer 803: 801: 795: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 744: 740: 738: 734: 733: 727: 726: 721: 717: 714:'s defeat of 713: 698: 696: 691: 687: 683: 678: 674: 668: 666: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 634: 630: 628: 624: 623:Olympic Games 620: 615: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 584: 579: 574: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 520: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 439: 436: 435: 426: 423: 420: 417: 414: 411: 410: 404: 396: 388: 382: 380: 376: 372: 369: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 346: 344: 340: 335: 333: 329: 324: 322: 318: 314: 310: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 269: 267: 263: 259: 254: 249: 245: 241: 239: 234: 233: 224: 200: 197: 193: 189: 179: 174: 168: 164: 159:17.56 million 158: 154: 148: 145: 142: 136: 133: 130: 124: 120: 114: 111:, Switzerland 110: 107: 103: 100: 97: 93: 90: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 54: 50: 45: 39: 35: 27: 19: 8715: 8710: 8646:(skyrunning) 8616:(pickleball) 8502:(backgammon) 8455:(pole dance) 8263: 8229:(tug-of-war) 8133:(kickboxing) 8088: 8025:(air sports) 8011: 7980:(ice hockey) 7951: 7926:(volleyball) 7830:(gymnastics) 7806:(equestrian) 7782:(basketball) 7741: 7419:Europe (ECU) 6735:Africa (ACC) 6726: 6602:Chess engine 6587:Chess boxing 6547: 6317:Wrong bishop 6169:theory table 6143:Torre Attack 6126:Slav Defence 6034:Colle System 6009:Scheveningen 5968:Pirc Defence 5911:Italian Game 5906:Giuoco Piano 5851:Réti Opening 5774:Piece values 5762:Maróczy Bind 5723:the exchange 5713:Compensation 5643:Interference 5633:Double check 5407:Time control 5394: 5368:by agreement 5296:grandmasters 5240:South Africa 5190: 5183: 5159:Score sheets 5105:Chess pieces 5012:Online chess 5001: 4958:Chess titles 4953:Chess theory 4756:Part of the 4722: 4451: 4430:Match format 4143:Match format 3844: 3838: 3742:Kasimdzhanov 3582: 3482: 3234:. Retrieved 3225: 3213:. Retrieved 3202: 3190:. Retrieved 3186: 3177: 3165:. Retrieved 3160: 3151: 3142: 3132: 3122:February 20, 3120:. Retrieved 3116:the original 3111: 3102: 3094:The Mary Sue 3093: 3084: 3076:The Times UK 3075: 3066: 3057: 3047: 3038: 3029: 3020: 2998:September 2, 2996:. Retrieved 2991: 2982: 2973: 2963: 2951:. Retrieved 2941: 2917: 2893: 2883:November 28, 2881:. Retrieved 2877:the original 2873:www.fide.com 2872: 2863: 2851: 2842: 2832: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2777: 2753: 2729: 2719:November 28, 2717:. Retrieved 2713:the original 2703: 2692:the original 2679: 2655: 2643:. Retrieved 2639:the original 2635:www.fide.com 2634: 2625: 2617:the original 2612: 2603: 2594: 2530:November 30, 2528:. Retrieved 2523: 2514: 2500: 2488:. Retrieved 2484:the original 2469: 2461:the original 2428: 2416:. Retrieved 2412:the original 2401: 2389:the original 2378: 2366:. Retrieved 2361: 2351: 2338: 2323: 2314: 2304: 2279: 2244: 2184: 2169: 2139:the original 2129: 2114: 2085: 2072: 2060:. Retrieved 2056:the original 2046: 2031: 2023:the original 2017:Clayton, G. 2012: 2004:the original 1980: 1971: 1963: 1954: 1946: 1937: 1923: 1909: 1899:February 14, 1897:. Retrieved 1887: 1877:February 14, 1875:. Retrieved 1865: 1851: 1837: 1822: 1807: 1795:. Retrieved 1786: 1776:November 13, 1774:. Retrieved 1770:the original 1765: 1756: 1744:. Retrieved 1735: 1723: 1703: 1689: 1670: 1664: 1654:February 10, 1652:. Retrieved 1640: 1628: 1614: 1602:. Retrieved 1593: 1541:Chess portal 1508: 1492:. Batsford. 1489: 1478:Publications 1407:Folke Rogard 1340: 1329: 1305: 1303:its banner. 1293: 1277: 1268: 1257: 1225: 1203:New In Chess 1202: 1199:Malcolm Pein 1191: 1184: 1162: 1147: 1128: 1112: 1092: 1083: 1071: 1048: 1035: 1015: 992:1993 to 2018 986: 958: 942: 910:Wijk aan Zee 894: 880: 848: 809: 796: 791: 750:). The 1938 745: 741: 730: 723: 709: 701:1946 to 1993 669: 662: 635: 631: 616: 575: 573:Tournament. 552: 415:(ECU) - 1985 402: 383: 373: 370: 347: 336: 325: 306: 275: 235: 198: 191: 187: 185: 117:Membership 105:Headquarters 65:Abbreviation 48: 38: 26: 8634:(rogaining) 8622:(quidditch) 8556:(dodgeball) 8544:(broomball) 8425:(jump rope) 8413:(dodgeball) 8266:SportAccord 8109:(floorball) 7938:(wrestling) 7920:(triathlon) 7908:(taekwondo) 7770:(badminton) 7764:(athletics) 6532:Chess books 6332:Tournaments 6191:Fool's mate 5956:Vienna Game 5946:Scotch Game 5779:Prophylaxis 5695:Zwischenzug 5680:Undermining 5648:Overloading 5608:Combination 5457:descriptive 5152:Chess table 5147:Chess clock 4963:Grandmaster 4894:Goryachkina 4725:tournaments 4656:Goryachkina 4406:Tan Zhongyi 4386:M. Muzychuk 4050:Development 3635:Split title 3605:(no result) 3331:Interregnum 3211:. Pink News 3163:(in French) 2645:January 10, 2269:Abundo, C. 2135:"AVRO 1938" 2119:Winter, E. 2104:Winter, E. 2036:Winter, E. 1943:Chess Notes 1797:October 28, 1574:FIDE titles 1264:Nigel Short 1233:Nigel Short 1207:Nigel Short 1051:Nigel Short 876:Bent Larsen 832:Efim Geller 792:interregnum 776:Reuben Fine 732:interregnum 725:interregnum 690:Reuben Fine 567:World War I 517:Tournaments 407:Continental 358:Grandmaster 350:Elo ratings 8731:Categories 8437:(obstacle) 8419:(footgolf) 8343:(minigolf) 8331:(ju-jitsu) 8319:(fistball) 8313:(draughts) 8264:Others in 8169:(muaythai) 8145:(lacrosse) 8139:(korfball) 7962:(biathlon) 7884:(shooting) 7836:(handball) 7818:(football) 7788:(canoeing) 7146:Asia (ACF) 6639:joke chess 6592:Chess club 6280:opposition 5742:Middlegame 5730:Initiative 5653:Pawn storm 5618:Deflection 5489:Key square 5479:Fianchetto 5412:Fast chess 5396:En passant 5088:chessboard 4573:Mamedyarov 4254:Su. Polgar 3732:Ponomariov 3434:Capablanca 3357:Interzonal 3215:August 21, 3192:August 19, 3167:August 19, 3161:Libération 2490:January 9, 2418:January 9, 2406:Weeks, M. 2328:Weeks, M. 2249:Weeks, M. 2174:Weeks, M. 2062:January 6, 1746:January 2, 1585:References 1450:1995–2018 1437:1982–1995 1424:1978–1982 1411:1970–1978 1398:1949–1970 1385:1946–1949 1372:1939–1946 1359:1924–1939 1067:Jan Timman 1018:unbalanced 840:placed 4th 828:Paul Keres 788:psychiatry 772:Salo Flohr 768:Paul Keres 686:Paul Keres 677:Salo Flohr 650:Yugoslavia 608:Tartakower 604:Rubinstein 592:Bogoljubov 571:Gothenburg 319:, and the 292:, and the 83:1924-07-20 8580:(kabaddi) 8550:(croquet) 8461:(rafting) 8391:(teqball) 8373:(sleddog) 8295:(casting) 8261:AIMS (20) 8175:(netball) 8097:(cricket) 8073:(bowling) 7974:(curling) 7896:(surfing) 7878:(sailing) 7812:(fencing) 7794:(cycling) 7758:(archery) 6622:Stockfish 6612:Deep Blue 6607:AlphaZero 6515:paintings 6307:Tablebase 6271:Strategy 6181:Irregular 5936:Ruy Lopez 5896:Open Game 5663:Sacrifice 5623:Desperado 5526:connected 5499:Open file 5494:King walk 5452:algebraic 5383:Stalemate 5358:Checkmate 5083:Chess set 5075:Equipment 4884:Kosteniuk 4646:Ju Wenjun 4636:Hou Yifan 4626:Hou Yifan 4616:Hou Yifan 4445:Ju Wenjun 4420:Ju Wenjun 4396:Hou Yifan 4376:Hou Yifan 4356:Hou Yifan 4335:Hou Yifan 4325:Kosteniuk 4305:Stefanova 3712:Khalifman 3603:1984–1985 3557:Petrosian 3543:Botvinnik 3523:Botvinnik 3503:Botvinnik 3404:1896–1897 3386:1890–1891 3236:April 24, 3039:rferl.org 2974:Chess.com 2953:August 2, 2843:Chess.com 2595:Chess.com 2524:The Hindu 2383:Week, M. 2362:The Times 1998:Wall, W. 1160:in 2014. 1049:In 1992, 1030:talk page 863:Pal Benko 403:Source: 127:President 73:Formation 8532:(boxing) 8526:(boxing) 8361:(savate) 8277:(aikido) 8217:(squash) 8127:(karate) 8079:(bridge) 8067:(boules) 7914:(tennis) 7866:(rowing) 6681:Category 6634:glossary 6295:Zugzwang 6275:fortress 6212:Endgames 6121:Declined 6116:Accepted 5794:Openings 5752:Hedgehog 5718:Exchange 5705:Strategy 5685:Windmill 5536:isolated 5521:backward 5343:Castling 5286:amateurs 5179:Timeline 5053:Variants 5007:Glossary 4990:software 4975:glossary 4841:Radjabov 4821:Karjakin 4593:Nakamura 4583:Grischuk 4471:Category 4416:Nov 2018 4412:May 2018 4366:Ushenina 4315:Xu Yuhua 4295:Zhu Chen 4164:Rubtsova 4115:Aug 1937 4111:Jul 1937 3982:Category 3952:Chess960 3942:Computer 3863:Olympiad 3659:Kasparov 3625:Kasparov 3472:Alekhine 3452:Alekhine 3394:Steinitz 3371:Pre-FIDE 2930:Archived 2906:Archived 2785:Archived 2766:Archived 2742:Archived 2668:Archived 2570:Archived 2540:cite web 2364:. London 2293:Archived 2233:Archived 2224:(2001). 2198:Archived 2078:Seirawan 1766:fide.com 1701:(1992). 1645:Archived 1527:See also 1420:Max Euwe 1239:against 1205:article 764:Max Euwe 665:Max Euwe 638:Budapest 588:Alekhine 563:Mannheim 294:disabled 151:Budget 109:Lausanne 18:FIDE.com 8586:(kempo) 8520:(bowls) 8490:(arnis) 8449:(poker) 8443:(padel) 8399:former 8337:(kendo) 8301:(darts) 8253:(wushu) 8205:(sambo) 8091:(chess) 8085:(cheer) 8043:(bandy) 6582:Arbiter 6575:Related 6432:Solving 6422:Amateur 6004:Najdorf 5586:Battery 5573:Tactics 5548:Swindle 5531:doubled 5511:Outpost 5442:Blunder 5257:Armenia 5171:History 5017:Premove 4985:engines 4980:matches 4945:Outline 4861:Carlsen 4831:Aronian 4811:Kramnik 4801:Svidler 4791:Gelfand 4771:Aronian 4672:2024–25 4662:2022–23 4652:2019–21 4642:2015–16 4632:2013–14 4622:2011–12 4612:2009–11 4563:Caruana 4559:2014–15 4553:Topalov 4549:2012–13 4543:Aronian 4539:2008–10 4285:Xie Jun 4264:Xie Jun 4244:Xie Jun 4133:Rudenko 4129:1949–50 4123:Menchik 3947:Solving 3825:Carlsen 3777:Kramnik 3752:Topalov 3673:Kramnik 3577:Fischer 3567:Spassky 3513:Smyslov 3187:Twitter 2992:Reuters 2273:. FIDE. 1830:. FIDE. 1815:. FIDE. 1312:Twitter 1280:Chennai 1024:Please 1016:may be 919:sought 820:Curaçao 658:Germany 654:Romania 646:Hungary 596:Maróczy 544:History 399:Regions 366:studies 290:seniors 286:juniors 196:acronym 166:Website 81: ( 8481:Others 8223:(sumo) 8187:(polo) 7986:(luge) 7848:(judo) 7824:(golf) 7739:(30+2) 6520:poetry 6510:novels 6485:Caïssa 6417:Senior 6407:Junior 5995:Dragon 5990:Alapin 5675:Skewer 5541:passed 5484:Gambit 5291:female 5252:Europe 5235:Africa 5130:Knight 5125:Bishop 4781:Kamsky 4721:Early 4481:Portal 4178:Bykova 4154:Bykova 3992:Portal 3937:Senior 3927:Junior 3702:Karpov 3597:Karpov 3424:Lasker 3058:dw.com 2368:May 2, 1711: 1677: 1604:May 3, 1515: 1496: 1260:Batumi 1165:Jersey 1152:, the 977:defect 656:, and 612:Vidmar 559:Russia 354:titles 315:, the 161:(2024) 8626:IFMAR 8596:IMMAF 8590:FISLY 8560:ICFRA 8536:SJJIF 8506:ISBHF 8488:WEKAF 8401:GAISF 8389:FITEQ 8365:ISTAF 8359:FISav 8007:ARISF 7947:AIOWF 7737:ASOIF 6467:WCSCC 6412:Youth 6402:Blitz 6397:Rapid 6387:Women 6350:Women 6302:Study 6157:Other 5690:X-ray 5613:Decoy 5598:Block 5553:Tempo 5516:Pawns 5434:Terms 5353:Check 5335:Rules 5269:India 5262:Spain 5247:China 5140:Fairy 5115:Queen 5046:norms 4937:Chess 4760:cycle 4746:Anand 4736:Anand 4666:Lagno 3932:Youth 3922:Women 3895:Blitz 3868:Rapid 3799:Anand 3722:Anand 2933:(PDF) 2926:(PDF) 2909:(PDF) 2902:(PDF) 2769:(PDF) 2762:(PDF) 2745:(PDF) 2738:(PDF) 2695:(PDF) 2688:(PDF) 2671:(PDF) 2664:(PDF) 2573:(PDF) 2566:(PDF) 2296:(PDF) 2289:(PDF) 2236:(PDF) 2229:(PDF) 2201:(PDF) 2194:(PDF) 1648:(PDF) 1637:(PDF) 1580:Notes 583:purse 282:women 258:Latin 244:chess 89:Paris 8737:FIDE 8674:ITRA 8662:ITPF 8656:ITHF 8650:WSSA 8638:WSSF 8608:ORSI 8602:WMRA 8572:ATSX 8566:IGAA 8554:WDBF 8542:IFBA 8500:WBGF 8494:AFLC 8471:ITSF 8453:IPSF 8447:IFMP 8435:FISO 8429:IUKL 8423:IJRU 8417:FIFG 8383:CIPS 8377:ISTF 8371:ISFF 8353:IPSC 8329:JJIF 8325:(go) 8311:FMJD 8305:IDBF 8293:ICSF 8287:IFBB 8251:IWUF 8245:IWWF 8239:FISU 8233:CMAS 8227:TWIF 8209:ISMF 8203:FIAS 8167:IFMA 8161:UIAA 8149:ILSF 8131:WAKO 8113:WFDF 8101:WDSF 8089:FIDE 8065:CMSB 8059:WCBS 8053:FIPV 8047:WBSC 8029:IFAF 8009:(39) 7978:IIHF 7966:IBSF 7924:FIVB 7900:ITTF 7888:IFSC 7882:ISSF 7864:FISA 7852:UIPM 7816:FIFA 7798:WDSF 7780:FIBA 7774:WBSC 7762:WAth 7750:WAqu 6727:FIDE 6505:film 6462:WCCC 6457:TCEC 6447:CSVN 6392:Team 6362:List 5638:Fork 5563:Trap 5363:Draw 5135:Pawn 5120:Rook 5110:King 5058:List 5027:list 5002:FIDE 4890:2023 4880:2021 4857:2023 4851:Duda 4847:2021 4837:2019 4827:2017 4817:2015 4807:2013 4797:2011 4787:2009 4777:2007 4767:2005 4742:2002 4732:2000 4723:FIDE 4589:2022 4579:2019 4569:2017 4452:2025 4441:2023 4437:2020 4402:2017 4392:2016 4382:2015 4372:2013 4362:2012 4352:2011 4331:2010 4321:2008 4311:2006 4301:2004 4291:2001 4281:2000 4260:1999 4250:1996 4240:1993 4236:1991 4226:1988 4222:1986 4218:1984 4214:1981 4210:1978 4200:1975 4196:1972 4192:1969 4188:1965 4184:1962 4174:1959 4170:1958 4160:1956 4150:1953 4119:1939 4107:1935 4103:1934 4099:1933 4095:1931 4091:1930 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