Evo Morales - Knowledge

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His government encouraged the development of indigenous cultural projects, and sought to encourage more indigenous people to attend university; by 2008, it was estimated that half of the students enrolled in Bolivia's 11 public universities were indigenous, while three indigenous-specific universities had been established, offering subsidized education. In 2009, a Vice Ministry for Decolonization was established, which proceeded to pass the 2010 Law against Racism and Discrimination banning the espousal of racist views in private or public institutions. Various commentators noted that there was a renewed sense of pride among the country's indigenous population following Morales' election. Conversely, the opposition accused Morales' administration of aggravating racial tensions between indigenous, white, and mestizo populations, and of using the Racism and Discrimination law to attack freedom of the press.

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which she escaped and fled to Argentina with her parents. After arriving in Argentina, Meneses wrote a letter to the Bolivian Ombudsman saying that the police had kept her from eating for two days and threatened to prosecute her for sedition and terrorism unless she said that she had been in a relationship with Morales. She wrote that the police had "forced to testify under pressure, without a lawyer". Alleged evidence to corroborate a long-term romantic relationship between Morales and Meneses was obtained and subsequently published by Bolivian and Spanish press, including excerpts from 101 pages of text conversations and phone records between the two, 90 photos of the pair in various locations (including the presidential palace, the presidential jet and in Buenos Aires) and travel receipts of three trips by Meneses to Mexico and Argentina since Morales' exile. Several sources observe that

2535:. The group's report was delivered in July 2021 and found that there was no manipulation of data in the official count or in the Transmission of Preliminary Electoral Results (TREP). After receiving the report, the Bolivian Attorney General's Office initially closed its investigation of electoral fraud in the 2019 elections. The Secretary General of the Attorney General's Office later said that the investigation was still open. Juan Manuel Corchado Rodríguez, who conducted the study, stated that there were irregularities in aspects of the process, including in the stoppage of the TREP and the breaking of custody of electoral tally sheets, but claimed there was no evidence of fraud or proof that these irregularities significantly altered the outcome. 3030:

thought that the "heady optimism" that had characterized Morales' first term in office had given way to "a climate of questioning and growing criticism of the government and its policies". Crabtree and Chaplin claimed that though the Bolivian economy had grown, the material benefits had not been as high as many Bolivians had hoped. Crabtree and Chaplin argued that the experiences of his administration had "drawn attention to the difficulties involved in bringing change in the patterns of development in one of Latin America's poorest and most unequal nations". Similarly, Harten thought that Morales' discourse of "the people" against the socio-economic elites has brought a spotlight on the deep social polarization in Bolivia.

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Bolivians, who deemed them too radical and argued that they threatened private property. His most vociferous critics have been from Bolivia's conservative movement, although he has also received criticism from the country's far left, who believe his reformist policies have been insufficiently radical or socialist. Many of these leftist critics were unhappy that Morales' government did not make a total break with global capitalism. His government has also faced many of the same complaints directed at previous Bolivian administrations, revolving around such issues as "concentration of power, corruption, incompetent bureaucracies, and disrespect for civil liberties".

2109: 2339: 3536: 3459: 1861:, held in July 2006; the four eastern departments voted in favor of autonomy, but Bolivia as a whole voted against it by 57.6%. In September, autonomy activists launched strikes and blockades across eastern Bolivia, resulting in violent clashes with MAS activists. In January 2007, clashes in Cochabamba between activist groups led to fatalities, with Morales' government sending in troops to maintain the peace. The left-indigenous activists formed a Revolutionary Departmental Government, but Morales denounced it as illegal and continued to recognize the legitimacy of right-wing departmental head 2130: 2800:

girl as being Meneses and stated that he chose the inclusion of her appearance in his article very carefully. The 2020 MAS presidential candidate, Luis Arce Catacora, confirmed that he took a photo with Meneses during Morales' exile in Buenos Aires, but denied knowing her identity. Meneses says she met Evo Morales when she was 16 years old during the 2015 carnival season. The declaration data indicates that she was born in 2001, implying that she was 14 years old when she met Morales. The circumstances of her arrest are further disputed as well as the use of a stolen government vehicle.

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amount of land in Bolivia designated to coca farming from 12,000 hectares to 22,000 hectares, a figure which has since been exceeded. A 2014 study by the EU estimated only 14,700 hectares was used for chewing and teas. Between 2018 and 2019, the area used for coca farming increased from 23,100 hectares to 25,500, an increase of 10.39%, prompting concern from the EU. The estimated tonnage of coca produced for commercial purposes increased from 19,334 tonnes in 2008 to 24,178 tonnes in 2018, an overall increase of 31.85%. A 2019 UN report said that 94% of coca production in the

1341: 1225:. The MAS would come to be described as "an indigenous-based political party that calls for the nationalization of industry, legalization of the coca leaf ... and fairer distribution of national resources." The party lacked the finance available to the mainstream parties, and so relied largely on the work of volunteers in order to operate. It was not structured like other political parties, instead operating as the political wing of the social movement, with all tiers in the movement involved in decision making; this form of organisation would continue until 2004. In the 1886: 52: 1971:, believing that the autonomists were attempting to provoke them into doing so. Instead, they decided to compromise, entering into talks with the parliamentary opposition. As a result, 100 of the 411 elements of the Constitution were changed, with both sides compromising on certain issues. Nevertheless, the governors of the eastern provinces rejected the changes, believing it gave them insufficient autonomy, while various Indianist and leftist members of MAS felt that the amendments conceded too much to the political right. The constitution was put to a 3047:

nationalised the oil and gas sector. Using the funds derived from the nationalised natural gas and oil businesses, his administration invested heavily in basic sanitation, agriculture, education, water resources, transportation and health with the strategic goal to tackle the structural causes of poverty. By 2014, Morales' anti-poverty programs won him wide support as the country saw poverty reduced by 25%, extreme poverty reduced by 43%, social spending being increased by over 45%, and the real minimum wage being increased by 87.7%. According to the

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to mothers provided their babies are taken for health checks and that their children attend school. Hundreds of free tractors were also handed out. The prices of gas and many foodstuffs were controlled, and local food producers were made to sell in the local market rather than export. A new state-owned body was also set up to distribute food at subsidized prices. All these measures helped to curb inflation, while the economy grew (partly because of rising public spending), accompanied by stronger public finances which brought economic stability.

1619: 1956: 14186: 2658:, and Pando), candidates for governor endorsed by Morales were not chosen by MAS officials. On 11 December, Morales tweeted Miguel "Chiquitín" Becerra would be the MAS candidate for Governor of Pando. This was met with surprise by MAS officials in Pando as Becerra had not even entered the list of candidates voted on as he did not meet the minimum membership requirement of eight years in the party. Instead, Germán Richter had been chosen as the candidate 5 days prior on 7 December. On 14 December, MAS officials in Tarija and 1164: 2201: 1764:

the eligibility age from 65 to 60. 2009's Bono Juana Azurduy program expanded a previous public maternity insurance, giving cash to low-income mothers who proved that they and their baby had received pre- and post-natal medical care, and gave birth in an authorized medical facility. Conservative critics of Morales' government said that these measures were designed to buy off the poor and ensure continued support for the government, particularly the Bono Juancito Pinto which is distributed very close to election day.

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with this agrarian reform entailing distributing land to traditional communities rather than individuals. In 2010, a law was introduced permitting the formation of recognized indigenous territories, although the implementation of this was hampered by bureaucracy and contesting claims over ownership. Morales' government also sought to improve women's rights in Bolivia. In 2010, it founded a Unit of Depatriarchalization to oversee this process. Further seeking to provide legal recognition and support to

851:, the indigenous local language. The arrival of the Morales family was a part of a much wider migration to the region; in 1981 El Chapare's population was 40,000 but by 1988 it had risen to 215,000. Many Bolivians hoped to set up farms where they could earn a living growing coca, which was experiencing a steady rise in price and which could be cultivated up to four times a year; a traditional medicinal and ritual substance in Andean culture, it was also sold abroad as the key ingredient in 1245:", resulting in 6 dead and 175 wounded. Responding to the violence, the government removed the contract from Tunari and placed the utility under cooperative control. In ensuing years further violent protests broke out over a range of issues, resulting in more deaths both among activists and law enforcement. Much of this unrest was connected with the widespread opposition to economic liberalization across Bolivian society, with a common perception that it only benefited a small minority. 1022:

right trying to eliminate coca, a legitimate product with many uses which played a rich role in Andean culture. In a speech, Morales told reporters "I am not a drug trafficker. I am a coca grower. I cultivate coca leaf, which is a natural product. I do not refine (it into) cocaine, and neither cocaine nor drugs have ever been part of the Andean culture". Morales has stated that "We produce our coca, we bring it to the main markets, we sell it and that's where our responsibility ends".

759: 2722:, and Cochabamba expressed their disagreement with decisions that came out of meetings chaired by Morales. At a protest in El Alto on 15 December, MAS supporters rejected continued interference by Morales in the selection of candidates. "Evo wants to nominate other people that not even the people have asked for, we will not allow that anymore. Stop already. El Alto has supported him, now let new people work," said one protester. Toribio Huanca Mamani, executive member of the 417: 1733: 1551:

in Bolivia, but ultimately relented. As a result, Bolivia's income from hydrocarbon extraction increased from $ 173 million in 2002 to $ 1.3 billion by 2006. Although not technically a form of nationalization, Morales and his government referred to it as such, resulting in criticism from sectors of the Bolivian left. In June 2006, Morales announced his plan to nationalize mining, electricity, telephones, and railroads. In February 2007, the government nationalized the

3769: 15722: 14439: 2878:" for utilizing socialist rhetoric while continuing to support foreign investment and the economic status of Bolivia's capitalist class, while British Trotskyist academic Jeffery R. Webber wrote that Morales was not a socialist and his government was "reconstituting neoliberalism", thereby rejecting "neoliberal orthodoxy" but retaining a "core faith in the capitalist market as the principal engine of growth and industrialization." Similarly, Aymara activist 15705: 3511: 3967: 3931: 3913: 3895: 3841: 3787: 3733: 3715: 3589: 3473: 2290:

presidential palace, which Morales planned to turn into a museum. The building features a helipad and the top two floors were reserved for the president, featuring a gym, spa, Jacuzzi and private elevator. The presidential suite in total was 1,068 square metres (11,500 sq ft), with the bathroom and dressing room measuring at 47 square metres (510 sq ft) while the bedroom was 61 square metres (660 sq ft). According to

3665: 16653: 1416:. Measures were implemented to institutionalize the party structure, giving it greater independence from the social movement; this was done to allow Morales and other MAS leaders to respond quickly to new developments without the lengthy process of consulting the bases, and to present a more moderate image away from the bases' radicalism. Although he had initially hoped for a female running mate, Morales eventually chose Marxist intellectual 873: 3751: 3697: 3112:

corruption and links with drug trafficking at the highest levels of the government of President Evo Morales". In October 2020, the FELCN (the Bolivian anti-narcotics police force) and the interim government announced seizures of over 12 tons of cocaine and 436 tons of marijuana in the last year. The FELCN also destroyed 806 factories and 26 cocaine laboratories and confiscated 453 vehicles, 111 buildings and 20 light aircraft and cash.

15732: 3498: 2998: 3823: 3626: 3550: 2263: 795:; although he did poorly academically, he finished all of his courses and exams by 1977, earning money on the side as a brick-maker, day laborer, baker and a trumpet player for the Royal Imperial Band. The latter position allowed him to travel across Bolivia. At the end of his higher education, he failed to collect his degree certificate. Although interested in studying journalism, he did not pursue it as a profession. 864: 16677: 3949: 3877: 3859: 1772: 15890: 14451: 2915:

opinions with simplicity". He also placed a great emphasis on trust, and relied on his intuition, sometimes acting on what he considered omens in his dreams. Harten said that Morales "can be a forceful leader, one who instills great respect and, sometimes, a reluctance in others to contradict him, but he has also learnt to listen and learn from other people." Farthing and Kohl characterized Morales as a "

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living workshop" for the development of an alternative to capitalism. Domestically, Morales' support base has been among Bolivia's poor and indigenous communities. For these communities, who had felt marginalized in Bolivian politics for decades, Morales "invokes a sense of dignity and destiny" in a way that no other contemporary politician has done. He has received the support of many

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International Studies' Americas Program, said that there was no question that Morales's government was successful in helping to raise the living standards of the poor population which was synonymously the indigenous population. Professor Robert Albro described Morales's legacy as "transformation of Bolivian society through the enfranchisement of the country’s indigenous population."

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offered him political asylum as "his life and safety are at risk" in Bolivia. Armed intruders broke into Morales’ home in Cochabamba and he accused "coup plotters" of an arson attack on his sister's home and of putting a price of $ 50,000 on his head. He said his fellow socialist leaders were being "harassed, persecuted and threatened". He thanked Mexican President

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officers, activists, and civilians, including children. Morales did not take an active role in the conflict, instead traveling to Libya and Switzerland, there describing the uprising as a "peaceful revolution in progress". The government accused Morales and the MAS of using the protests to overthrow Bolivia's parliamentary democracy with the aid of organized crime,

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decades, if ever." Crabtree and Chaplin added that Morales' administration had made "important changes... that will probably be difficult to reverse", including poverty reduction, the removal of some regional inequalities, and side-lining of some previously dominant political actors in favor of others who had been encouraged and enabled by his government.

1071:. Morales would be freed on 7 September 1994, and soon joined the march, which arrived at its destination on 19 September 1994, where they covered the city with political graffiti. He was again arrested in April 1995 during a sting operation that rounded up those at a meeting of the Andean Council of Coca Producers that he was chairing on the shores of 2682:

incident on opposition party backers who infiltrated the rally. Half an hour later, Romero was withdrawn as a candidate and Morales announced television presenter Pedro García as the new nominee. However, the following day MAS bases and grassroots social organizations ratified Mario Cronenbold as their candidate for governor in opposition to García.

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the introduction of a new voter registry but said that it was rushed through so as not to delay the election. Morales and the MAS won with a landslide majority, polling 64.2%, while voter participation had reached an all-time high of 90%. His primary opponent, Reyes Villa, gained 27% of the vote. The MAS won a two-thirds majority in both the

937:, the United States government hoped to stem the cocaine trade by preventing the production of coca; they pressured the Bolivian government to eradicate it, sending troops to Bolivia to aid the operation. Bolivian troops would burn coca crops and, in many cases, beat up coca growers who challenged them. Angered by this, Morales returned to 1901:, as radicalized autonomist activists established blockades, occupied airports, clashing with pro-government demonstrations, police, and armed forces. Some formed paramilitaries, bombing state companies, indigenous NGOs, and human rights organisations, also launching armed racist attacks on indigenous communities, culminating in the 2172:

although the government proceeded with a consultation, eventually gaining the consent of 55 of the 65 communities in TIPNIS to allow the highway to be built, albeit with a variety of concessions; construction was scheduled to take place after the 2014 general election. In May 2013, the government announced that it would permit

1456:. This resulted in widespread excitement among the indigenous people in the Americas, particularly those of Bolivia. His election caused concern among the country's wealthy and landowning classes, who feared state expropriation and nationalisation of their property, as well as far-right groups, who said it would spark a 1682:. Relations were further strained between the two nations when in December Morales issued a Supreme Decree requiring all U.S. citizens visiting Bolivia to have a visa. His government also refused to grant legal immunity to U.S. soldiers in Bolivia; hence the U.S. cut back their military support to the country by 96%. 1897:, which saw an 83% turnout and in which Morales was ratified with 67.4% of the vote. Unified as the National Council for Democracy (CONALDE), these groups – financed by the wealthy agro-industrialist, petroleum, and financial elite – embarked on a series of destabilisation campaigns to unseat Morales' government. 1295:, relying largely on widespread dissatisfaction with the existing mainstream political parties among Bolivians living in rural and poor urban areas. Morales recognized this, and much of his discourse focused on differentiating the MAS from the traditional political class. Their campaign was successful, and in the 1833:, who was sentenced to twelve years imprisonment for corruption in 2008. A 2009 law that permitted the retroactive prosecution for corruption led to legal cases being brought against a number of opposition politicians for alleged corruption in the pre-Morales period and many fled abroad to avoid standing trial. 1877:, which converted the Republic of Bolivia into the Plurinational State of Bolivia, describing it as a "plurinational communal and social unified state". The constitution emphasized Bolivian sovereignty of natural resources, separated church and state, forbade foreign military bases in the country, implemented 901:(coca growers), being appointed local Secretary of Sports. Organizing soccer tournaments, among union members he earned the nickname of "the young ball player" because of his tendency to organize matches during meeting recesses. Influenced in joining the union by wider events, in 1980 the far-right General 1995:. Morales notably increased his support in the east of the country, with MAS gaining a majority in Tarija. In response to his victory, Morales proclaimed that he was "obligated to accelerate the pace of change and deepen socialism" in Bolivia, seeing his re-election as a mandate to further his reforms. 3092:

From 2003 to 2011, the area used for growing coca illicitly increased year on year but declined to reach a 12-year low in 2015 at 20,400 hectares. In subsequent years, however, illicit coca productions continued to rise to 24,500 hectare in 2017. In 2017, Morales signed a law that increased the legal

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Crabtree and Chaplin's study led them to conclude that while Morales' initial election had brought "huge expectations" from many Bolivians, especially in the social movements, there had been "inevitable frustrations" at his administration's inability to deliver on everything that they had hoped. They

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The worst enemy of humanity is capitalism. That is what provokes uprisings like our own, a rebellion against a system, against a neo-liberal model, which is the representation of a savage capitalism. If the entire world doesn't acknowledge this reality, that the national states are not providing even

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The woman was later identified as 19-year-old Noemí Meneses when a statement to police was leaked. In the statement she said she had been in a romantic relationship with Morales since May 2020, and had no previous relations with him. The Bolivian police subsequently placed her under house arrest from

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Morales has faced two rape accusations. On 7 August 2020, several photographs of him with a supposed minor came to light and began circulating on social networks. Journalist Alejandro Entreambasaguas and Bolivian authorities said that Morales had been in a relationship with the minor since the age of

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but that he was "stable and receiving treatment." The report contradicted Morales' own statement the day prior in which he told Argentine journalist Juan Cruz Castiñeiras that claims that he had contracted the virus were "invented" by the right and that he "just had a cough problem, nothing more." He

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held that Morales' first term did not count towards the term limit, because it had taken place prior to the ratification of the 2009 constitution. The court ruling, which was criticized by opposition politicians, allowed Morales to run for a third term as president. After standing for re-election and

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to La Paz; many were injured in clashes with police and supporters of the road. Two government ministers and other high-ranking officials resigned in protest and Morales' government relented, announcing suspension of the road. In October 2011, he passed Law 180, prohibiting further road construction,

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During his second term, Morales began to speak openly of "communitarian socialism" as the ideology that he desired for Bolivia's future. He assembled a new cabinet which was 50% female, a first for Bolivia, although by 2012, that had dropped to a third. One of the main tasks that faced his government

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Bolivia maintained one of the world's highest levels of economic growth. Such economic strength led to a nationwide boom in construction, and allowed the state to build up strong financial reserves. Although the level of social spending was increased, it remained relatively low, with a priority being

1117:– ASP). At the ASP's 1st Congress, the CSUTCB participated alongside three other Bolivian unions, representing miners, peasants and indigenous peoples. In 1996, Morales was appointed chairman of the Committee of the Six Federations of the Tropics of Cochabamba, a position that he retained until 2006. 3104:

Observers alleged that corruption among political figures and low-level criminal activity associated with the cocaine trade is normal with researcher Diego Ayo from the Vicente Pazos Kanki Foundation considering the power structure of the Bolivian State similar to that of a drug cartel. In 2012, the

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On 21 August 2020, an unrelated complaint of a second statutory rape case was filed against Morales. In this complaint, it is claimed that Morales had a child with a 15 year old and that he is named as the father on the birth certificate. In response, Morales claimed that the complaint was part of a

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to those prosecuted during the government of Jeanine Áñez. The broad pardon, which included Morales, was met by shouts of "democracy yes, dictatorship no" by members of the opposition who objected to the fact that at noon, discussion was ended, beginning the vote, leaving several assemblymen without

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After signing the contract for the new building, Morales stated that it was "not a luxury" since it would also house offices for different ministries, cabinet meeting rooms, a center for indigenous ceremonies and a 1,000-seat auditorium as well as rooms for exclusive presidential use. He also stated

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system, hoping that it would give them time to form a united front against MAS. Many MAS activists reacted violently against the demands and attempting to prevent this. Morales went on a five-day hunger strike in April 2009 to push the opposition to rescind their demands. He also agreed to allow for

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Morales' government also introduced measures to tackle Bolivia's endemic corruption; in 2007, Morales issued a presidential decree to create the Ministry of Institutional Transparency and Fight Against Corruption. Critics said that MAS members were rarely prosecuted for the crime, the main exception

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A social control program was implemented whereby local unions took on responsibility for ensuring that this quota was not exceeded; in doing so, they hoped to remove the need for military and police intervention, and thus stem the violence of previous decades. Measures were implemented to ensure the

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While policies were brought in to improve the living conditions of the working classes, conversely many middle-class Bolivians felt that they had seen their social standing decline, with Morales personally mistrusting the middle-classes, deeming them fickle. A 2006 law reallocated state-owned lands,

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The 2006 Bono Juancito Pinto program provided US$ 29 per year to parents who kept their children in public school with an attendance rate above 80%. 2008's Renta Dignidad initiative expanded the previous Bonosol social security for seniors program, increasing payments to $ 344 per year, and lowering

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The government's stated intention was to reduce Bolivia's most acute poverty levels from 35% to 27% of the population, and moderate poverty levels from 58.9% to 49% over five years. The welfare state was expanded, as characterized by the introduction of non-contributory old-age pensions and payments

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made up of indigenous activists and leftist intellectuals, although over the first three years of government there was a rapid turnover in the cabinet as Morales replaced many of the indigenous members with trained middle-class leftist politicians. By 2012 only 3 of the 20 cabinet members identified

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embarked on a series of protests against the forced eradication of coca by occupying local government offices, setting up roadblocks, going on hunger strike, and organizing mass marches and demonstrations. Morales was personally involved in this direct activism and in 1984 was present at a roadblock

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that it had opened a statutory rape investigation to determine whether a romantic and sexual relationship existed between the young woman and Morales while he was president of Bolivia. Morales refused to comment on the case during a telephone interview with the Spanish newspaper. On 19 August 2020,

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as a candidate for governor; however, the announcement of the appointment of Romero was rejected by the meeting's participants with shouts calling for renewal. The discontent ultimately resulted in one person throwing a plastic chair at Morales in what was dubbed the "silletazo." Morales blamed the

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found that there was evidence of a "statistically significant electoral case of fraud" that increased the votes of MAS and reduced the votes of the opposition. In a survey conducted in June 2020 by the company IPSOS, for the Unión Nacional de Instituciones para el Trabajo de Acción Social (UNITAS),

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was held on 20 October 2019. From 21 October 2019 until late November, mass street protests and counterprotests occurred in response to claims of electoral fraud. The claims were made after the suspension of the preliminary vote count, in which Morales was not leading by a large enough margin (10%)

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Adopting a policy known as "Coca Yes, Cocaine No", Morales' administration ensured the legality of coca growing, and introduced measures to regulate the production and trade of the crop. In 2007, they announced that they would permit the growing of 50,000 acres of coca in the country, primarily for

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in Bolivia. In 2009 his government put forward suggested reforms to the 1939 labor laws, although lengthy discussions with trade unions hampered the reforms' progress. Morales' government increased the legal minimum wage by 50%, and reduced the pension age from 65 to 60, and then in 2010 reduced it

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Morales announced that one of the top priorities of his government was to eliminate racism against the country's indigenous population. To do this, he announced that all civil servants were required to learn one of Bolivia's three indigenous languages, Quechua, Aymara, or Guaraní, within two years.

1701:. Morales proceeded straight to Havana for a conference celebrating Castro's life, where he gave a speech arguing for stronger links between Latin America and the Middle East to combat U.S. imperialism. Under his administration, diplomatic relations were established with Iran, with Morales praising 1550:

industry with Supreme Decree 2870; previously, corporations paid 18% of their profits to the state, but Morales symbolically reversed this, so that 82% of profits went to the state and 18% to the companies. The oil companies threatened to take the case to the international courts or cease operating

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In taking office, Morales emphasized nationalism, anti-imperialism, and anti-neoliberalism, although did not initially refer to his administration as socialist. He immediately reduced both his own presidential wage and that of his ministers by 57% to $ 1,875 a month, also urging members of Congress

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reforms and privatizing much of the state sector with United States support; hyperinflation came under control, but unemployment rose to 25%. Becoming increasingly active in the union, from 1982 to 1983, Morales served as the general secretary of his local San Francisco syndicate. In 1983, Morales'

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with his father and their llamas, a journey lasting up to two weeks, in order to exchange salt and potatoes for maize and coca. A big fan of soccer, at age 13 he organized a community soccer team with himself as team captain. Within two years, he was elected training coach for the whole region, and

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Morales' family were farmers; from an early age, he helped them to plant and harvest crops and guard their herd of llamas and sheep, taking a homemade soccer ball to amuse himself. As a toddler, he briefly attended Orinoca's preparatory school, and at five began schooling at the single-room primary

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Under Morales, Bolivia experienced democratic backsliding. According to a 2013 study, "Evo Morales and his Movement Toward Socialism have used trumped-up charges of administrative irregularities, corruption, terrorism, and genocide against numerous opposition politicians, imprisoning some, driving

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Morales promised to "help bring power" to marginalised groups in Bolivia, a country which has the highest percentage of indigenous population of any country in the Americas. His presidency saw poverty reduced by 42% and extreme poverty reduced by 60%. Mark Schneider of the Center for Strategic and

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of left-leaning Latin American governments, becoming particularly associated with the hard left current of Venezuela and Cuba. It has been praised for its pro-socialist stance among the international left, who have taken an interest in Bolivia under his leadership as a "political laboratory" or "a

2853:. Morales' presidential discourse has revolved around distinguishing between "the people", of whom he sees himself as a representative, and the oppressive socio-economic elite and the old political class, whom he believes have mistreated "the people" for centuries. Morales sought to make Bolivia's 2799:

journalist John Lee Anderson mentions a young girl in Evo's company which was alluded to be Meneses. Evo and the girl exchanged glances and Anderson noted that "At some point, Morales interrupted our conversation to tell my photographer not to take photos of the woman". Anderson later affirmed the

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Morales resigned as president on 10 November 2019; he called his removal "forced" and a "coup" but also said that he wanted to stop bloodshed from the election protests. He made the announcement from El Chapare, a coca-growing rural area of Cochabamba where he had sought refuge. Mexico immediately

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In early February 2016 there were rumors that Morales had had a child with a young woman, Gabriela Zapata Montaño, and had granted favors to the Chinese company that she worked for. Morales said that they had had a son who died in infancy, but that he had not granted any favors and had not been in

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Morales' second term was heavily affected by infighting and dissent from within his support base, as indigenous and leftist activists rejected several government reforms. In May 2010, his government announced a 5% rise in the minimum wage. The Bolivian Workers' Central (COB) felt this insufficient

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denounced "the flagrant violation of international treaties" by European powers. Latin American leaders describe the incident as a "stunning violation of national sovereignty and disrespect for the region". Morales himself described the incident as a "hostage" situation. France apologised for

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for the presidency, and permitted limited regional autonomy. It also enshrined every Bolivians' right to water, food, free health care, education, and housing. In enshrining the concept of plurinationalism, one commentator noted that it suggested "a profound reconfiguration of the state itself" by

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Critics, particularly in the U.S. government, have varyingly termed him "a left-wing radical, a partner of narco-traffickers and a terrorist". Domestic opposition to Morales' governance has centered in the wealthy eastern lowland province of Santa Cruz. His policies often antagonized middle-class

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Based on interviews conducted among Bolivians in 2012, John Crabtree and Ann Chaplin described the previous years of Morales' rule with the observation that: "for many—perhaps most—Bolivians, this was a period when ordinary people felt the benefits of policy in ways that had not been the case for

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ethnic group, was elected President of Mexico in 1858. Biographer Martín Sivak described Morales as "incorruptible, charismatic, and combative", also noting that he had a "friendly style" and could develop a good rapport with journalists and photographers, in part because he could "articulate his

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more direct and communitarian, through the introduction of referendums and a citizen-led legislative initiative. George Philip and Francisco Panizza wrote that like his allies Correa and Chávez, Morales should be categorized as a populist, because he appealed "directly to the people against their

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attributes his enduring popularity not to anti-imperialist rhetoric but his "extraordinary socio-economic reforms," which resulted in poverty and extreme poverty declining by 25% and 43% respectively. Bolivia's newly implemented universal healthcare system has been cited as a model for all by the

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Upon Morales' election, Bolivia's illiteracy rate was at 16%, the highest in South America. Attempting to rectify this with the aid of left-wing allies, Bolivia launched a literacy campaign with Cuban assistance, and Venezuela invited 5,000 Bolivian high school graduates to study in Venezuela for

1610:, Bolivia continued to witness rapid deforestation for agriculture and illegal logging. Economists on both the left and right expressed concern over the government's lack of economic diversification. Many Bolivians opined that Morales' government had failed to bring about sufficient job creation. 1352:

broke out as activists – including coca growers – protested against the privatization of the country's natural gas supply and its sale to U.S. companies below the market value. Activists blocked off the road into La Paz, resulting in clashes with police. 80 were killed and 411 injured, among them

1021:

In his speeches, Morales presented the coca leaf as a symbol of Andean culture that was under threat from the imperialist oppression of the United States. In his view, the United States should deal with their domestic cocaine abuse problems without interfering in Bolivia, arguing that they had no

2434:

argued against the ruling of the Bolivian Supreme court, saying "indefinite reelection is contrary to the American Convention due to its negative effects on representative democracy" and "States have the obligation to limit it (reelection). The alternation in power is the basis of representative

1541:

At the time of Morales' election, Bolivia was South America's poorest nation. Morales' government did not initiate fundamental change to Bolivia's economic structure, and their National Development Plan (PDN) for 2006–10 adhered largely to the country's previous liberal economic model. Bolivia's

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near Cochabamba. He was unable to provide any evidence of Morales' culpability. 140 deputies voted for Morales' expulsion, which came about in 2002. Morales said that it "was a trial against Aymara and Quechas". MAS activists interpreted it as evidence of the pseudo-democratic credentials of the

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social movement first suggested a move into the political arena in 1986. This was controversial, with many fearing that politicians would co-opt the movement for personal gain. Morales began supporting the formation of a political wing in 1989, although a consensus in favor of its formation only

1025:

Morales presented the coca growers as victims of a wealthy, urban social elite who had bowed to United States pressure by implementing neoliberal economic reforms. He argued that these reforms were to the detriment of Bolivia's majority, and thus the country's representative democratic system of

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called the decision "a blow to the constitution". The court of the ACHR in 2018 reviewed and upheld the legality of term limits, automatically triggering reinstatement of Bolivian term limit laws. The Bolivian Electoral Tribunal had already accepted Morales' application and declined to void his

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declared Bolivia free from illiteracy. The World Bank stated that illiteracy had declined by 5%. Cuba also aided Bolivia in the development of its medical care, opening ophthalmological centers in the country to treat 100,000 Bolivians for free per year, and offering 5,000 free scholarships for

1385:. In the 2004 municipal election, the MAS became the country's largest national party, with 28.6% of all councilors in Bolivia. However, they failed to win the mayoralty in any big cities, reflecting their inability to gain widespread support among the urban middle-classes. In Bolivia's wealthy 855:. Morales joined the local soccer team, before founding his own team, New Horizon, which proved victorious at the 2 August Central Tournament. The El Chapare region remained special to Morales for many years to come; during his presidency he often talked of it in speeches and regularly visited. 3613: 2572:

reported that it had found no evidence that Morales committed acts of terrorism and described the charges against him as politically motivated. In October 2020, the charges were dropped and the arrest warrant dismissed when a court in La Paz found Morales' rights had been violated and judicial

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in 2022. The researchers from Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR), made up of a group of political scientists and experts on Latin American politics, concluded that there was "no statistical evidence of fraud" during the 2019 elections. The study found that it was "very likely" that

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that swept throughout the Latin American continent in the 2000s, where a number of left-wing leaders rose to power with socialist and social democratic leanings. Morales was opposed to neoliberal policies of austerity and privatization, and after coming into office in 2006, his administration

1824:

to declassify coca as a narcotic. The U.S. State Department criticized Bolivia, saying that it was regressing in its counter-narcotics efforts, and dramatically reduced aid to Bolivia to $ 34 million to fight the narcotics trade in 2007. Nevertheless, the number of cocaine seizures in Bolivia

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was of substantially indigenous origin. Harten states that this argument was "misguided wrong above all irrelevant" because regardless of his genetic makeup, the majority of Bolivians perceive Morales as being the first indigenous president. Harten further explains that, in Bolivian society,

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On 11 November, a Mexican government plane flew Morales out of Cochabamba, refuelling in Paraguay before arriving in Mexico. In December, Morales moved from Mexico to Argentina, where he was also granted political asylum. Later that month, an arrest warrant was issued for Morales by Bolivian

2289:

The 29-story tower standing at 120 metres (390 ft) was the tallest building in the capital city of La Paz when completed. It was designed by Bolivian architects and decorated with indigenous motifs representing traditional Bolivian culture. The skyscraper was built to replace the former

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said the European states had acted on "unfounded suspicions that Mr. Snowden was on the plane". The Organisation of American States condemned "actions that violate the basic rules and principles of international law such as the inviolability of Heads of State", and demanded that the European

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was held, which saw the highest ever electoral turnout in the nation's history. MAS won 137 of its 255 seats, after which the Assembly was inaugurated in August. The Assembly was the first elected parliamentary body in Bolivia which features strong campesino and indigenous representation. In

1559:, which the government said had obtained the contract illegally. Although the FSTMB miners' federation called for the government to nationalize the mines, the government did not do so, instead stating that any transnational corporations operating in Bolivia legally would not be expropriated. 3111:

accused Evo Morales and his then minister Juan Ramón Quintana, of providing raw material for the production of drugs that were destined for Brazil. That same year senator Roger Pinto asked Brazil for political asylum for fear of an attack on his personal security and for having "evidence of

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over widespread unemployment and a lack of infrastructure investment. In December 2010, the government cut subsidies for gasoline and diesel fuels, which raised fuel prices and transport costs. Protests led Morales to nullify the decree, responding that he "ruled by obeying". In June 2012,

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Bolivian students to study medicine in Cuba. The government sought to expand state medical facilities, opening twenty hospitals by 2014, and increasing basic medical coverage up to the age of 25. Their approach sought to utilize and harmonize both mainstream Western medicine and Bolivia's

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These industrialization measures proved largely unsuccessful given that coca remained illegal in most nations outside Bolivia, thus depriving the growers of an international market. Campaigning against this, in 2012 Bolivia withdrew from the UN 1961 Convention which had called for global

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party named the Movement for Socialism (MAS); under this agreement, Morales and the Six Federaciónes could take over the party name, with Pendraza stipulating the condition that they must maintain MAS's own acronym, name and colors. Thus, the MAS and IPSP merged, becoming known as the

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In June 2020, a group of independent researchers in the United States published a report stating that the OAS's conclusion about the voting trend indicating election fraud was false and based on statistical errors and incorrect data; their findings were published in the peer-reviewed

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in Bolivia for 40 years and the highest national vote percentage of any presidential candidate in Latin American history. Given that he was the sixth self-described leftist president to be elected in Latin America since 1998, his victory was identified as part of the broader regional

13239:"Ji Baocheng (R), president of Renmin University of China (RUC), presents Honorary Doctorate Certificate to Bolivian President Juan Evo Morales Ayma in Beijing, capital of China, Aug. 11, 2011. Morales is the 11th recipient of the degree in RUC s history, according to the university" 1747:, or "to live well". This entailed seeking social harmony, consensus, the elimination of discrimination, and wealth redistribution; in doing so, it was rooted in communal rather than individual values and owed more to indigenous Andean forms of social organization than Western ones. 1650:(ALBA), with Morales attending ALBA's conference in May, at which they initiated with a Peoples' Trade Agreement (PTA). Meanwhile, his administration became "the least US-friendly government in Bolivian history". In September Morales visited the U.S. for the first time to attend the 10159:"El Vpdte. del MAS, Gerardo García y dos miembros de la Dirección Nacional nos informan que se elegió a nuestros candidatos por el departamento de #Pando: El hermano Miguel "Chiquitín" Becerra es nuestro candidato a gobernador y el Hno. Napoleón Antelo, candidato a vicegobernador" 2024:

during this term was the aim of introducing legislation that would cement the extension of rights featured in the new constitution. In April 2010, the departmental elections saw further gains for MAS. In 2013, the government passed a law to combat domestic violence against women.

1605:

in order to fund social programs and provide employment, and to protect the country's environment from the pollution caused by those industries. Although his government professed an environmentalist ethos, expanding environmental monitoring and becoming a leader in the voluntary

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the MAS gained 20.94% of the national vote, becoming Bolivia's second largest party, being only 1.5% behind the victorious MNR, whose candidate, Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, became president. They won 8 seats in the Senate and 27 in the Chamber of Deputies. Now the leader of the

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Senator Andrea Barrientos claimed that the incident proved that "the people have lost their fear of Evo Morales," emphasizing that Morales' continued presence was a detriment not only to the country but to MAS as well. Segundina Flores, former MAS Deputy and executive of the

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to relaunch its offensive against the Bolivian coca growers, committing Bolivia to eradicating 12,500 acres (5,100 ha) of coca by March 1994 in exchange for US$ 20 million worth of United States aid, something Morales stated would be opposed by the cocalero movement.

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cited by the Court "does not mean the right to perpetual power". In 2019, Almagro publicly supported Morales' participation in the 2019 election, saying that "presidents ...have taken part in electoral processes on the grounds of a court ruling". Opposition leader

2755:

In a session of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly held on 12 February 2021, the majority of the Movement for Socialism approved the Presidential Decree for the Granting of Amnesty and Pardon for Humanitarian Reasons and Political Persecuted Persons, granting

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criticised the then president, saying "The president (Morales) confesses that he uses his public acts to sexually hook the minors who attend those acts. But you have to ask yourself, why does he say it publicly, on a television channel, without any pressure?".

2837:

socialism", while political scientist Sven Harten characterized Morales' ideology as "eclectic", drawing ideas from "various ideological currents". Harten noted that whilst Morales uses fierce anti-imperialist and leftist rhetoric, he is neither "a hardcore

2429:

Between 28 and 30 September 2020, the Inter-American Court met in an advisory hearing to make a subsequent ruling on whether indefinite re-election as a human right was in compliance with the American Convention on Human Rights. At the virtual hearing, the

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school in Isallawi. Aged 6, he spent six months in northern Argentina with his sister and father. There, Dionisio harvested sugar cane while Evo sold ice cream and briefly attended a Spanish-language school. As a child, he regularly traveled on foot to

1825:

increased under Morales' government, as they sought to encourage coca growers to report and oppose cocaine producers and traffickers. High levels of police corruption surrounding the illicit trade in cocaine remained a continuing problem for Bolivia.

1594:, with Morales stating that the institution had consistently favored multinational corporations in its judgments. Bolivia's lead was followed by other Latin American nations. Despite being encouraged to do so by the U.S., Bolivia refused to join the 2641:

Early decisions made by the Arce administration as well as MAS itself indicated that Morales' influence in the party had declined. In late November and early December 2020, MAS officials began the process of selecting party candidates to run in the

1058:

In August 1994, Morales was arrested; reporters present at the scene witnessed him being beaten and accosted with racial slurs by civil agents. Accused of sedition, in jail he began a dry hunger strike to protest his arrest. The following day, 3000

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to avoid an automatic runoff, and the subsequent publication of the official count, according to which he won by just over 10%. The final count, released on 25 October 2019, gave Morales 47.08% of the votes, with 36.51% for runner-up Carlos Mesa.

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of Women, stated that Morales "deserves respect" and people "cannot be bouncing around with chairs." However, she also pointed out that the picking of candidates should not be done by the pointing of a finger and that there must be transparency.

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the construction of paved roads and community spaces such as soccer fields and union buildings. In particular, the government focused on rural infrastructure improvement, to bring roads, running water, and electricity to areas that lacked them.

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in the Bolivian Army from 1977 to 1978. Initially signed up at the Centre for Instruction of Special Troops (CITE) in Cochabamba, he was sent into the Fourth Ingavi Cavalry Regiment and stationed at the army headquarters in the Bolivian capital

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said that the primary objective of the convention was to protect citizens, not be an instrument of "a tyrant". None of those that submitted the appeal to the Plurinational Constitutional court appeared at the hearing to defend their position.

2151:

launched protests against anti-corruption reforms to the police service; they burned disciplinary case records and demanded salary increases. Morales' government relented, canceling many of the proposed reforms and agreeing to the wage rise.

2906:, and has been widely described as Bolivia's first democratically elected president from the indigenous majority. Although Morales has sometimes been described as the first indigenous president to be democratically elected in Latin America, 4042:

indigeneity is a fluid concept rooted in cultural identity rather than purely ethnic descent; for instance, many indigenous individuals that have settled in urban areas and abandoned their traditional rural customs have come to identify as

2377:

was held on a constitutional amendment to allow presidents to serve three consecutive terms, which would have allowed Morales to run for a fourth term (third under the new constitution). The proposed constitutional amendment narrowly lost.

2390:, stating that they would seek various avenues to ensure the legality of Morales' candidacy. In September 2017, MAS petitioned the Plurinational Constitutional Court to abolish term limits, based on the reasoning that term limits are a 1460:. He traveled to Cuba to spend time with Castro, before going to Venezuela, and then on tour to Europe, China, and South Africa; significantly, he avoided the U.S. In January 2006, Morales attended an indigenous spiritual ceremony at 15367: 15354: 2316:

that the project would reduce government spending by $ 20 million per year as five other ministries would move into the building. He said the Casa Grande del Pueblo was a break with the past and described the previous residence, the

3101:. For Bolivia as a whole, 65% of coca trade was undocumented, accounting for 55,000 tonnes of dry coca leaves. The 2019 report by UNODC also reports increases in the area used for coca farming of up to 171% in five protected areas. 1183:

and Morales, who had the electoral backing of the social movement's bases. The conflict led to a schism, with Morales and his supporters splitting to form their own party, the Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples

2120:

and declared Israel a "terrorist state" because of the ongoing offensive in the Gaza Strip. He said: "Israel does not respect the principles or purposes of the United Nations charter nor the Universal Declaration of Human Rights".

1148:, the IU/ASP gained four seats in Congress, obtaining 3.7% of the national vote, with this rising to 17.5% in the department of Cochabamba. The election resulted in the establishment of a coalition government led by the right-wing 2861:

Various commentators have argued against categorizing the Morales administration as socialist. Bolivia's Marxist Vice President Álvaro García Linera says that Bolivia lacks the sufficiently large industrialized working class, or

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Morales led calls for President Sánchez de Lozada to step down over the death toll, gaining widespread support from the MAS, other activist groups, and the middle classes; with pressure building, Sánchez resigned and fled to

1327:

government.) Following the election, the U.S. embassy characterised Morales as a criminal and encouraged Bolivia's traditional parties to sign a broad agreement to oppose the MAS; Morales himself began alleging that the U.S.

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Salvador Romero, the head of the country's electoral tribunal, told reporters that Morales did not meet the requirements to be a Senate candidate for his Movement for Socialism (MAS) party, which is currently leading in the

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in Bolivia and alleged links with the illegal cocaine trafficking market. These range from Morales "closing his eyes to a drug-trafficking problem that is only getting worse" to open accusations that he is facilitating a

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and stating that the MAS' election would lead to a "refoundation" of the country, a term that the MAS consistently used over "revolution". Morales repeated these views in his convocation of the Constituent Assembly.

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march from El Chapare to la Paz, and came under increasing criticism from the government, who repeatedly accused him of being involved in the cocaine trade and mocked him for how he spoke and his lack of education.

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policies, focusing on the legal protections and socioeconomic conditions of Bolivia's previously marginalized indigenous population and combating the political influence of the United States and resource-extracting

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as a political symbol, wearing a coca leaf garland around his neck and a hat with coca leaves in it when speaking to crowds of supporters. Following his election, he wore striped jumpers (sweaters) rather than the

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contact with Zapata Montaño since 2007. The commission that investigated the issue concluded that Morales was not at fault. Zapata Montaño was later sentenced to ten years in prison for illegal financial behavior.

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rhetoric, he campaigned on issues affecting indigenous and poor communities, advocating land reform and more equal redistribution of money from Bolivian gas extraction. He gained increased visibility through the

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many others out of the country, and intimidating the rest. The competitiveness that is essential to democracy cannot survive in such a hostile setting." Some scholars characterized Bolivia under Morales as a

1448:, Morales was widely described as Bolivia's first indigenous leader, at a time when around 62% of the population identified as indigenous; political analysts therefore drew comparisons with the election of 14588: 2350:

Despite Morales' declaration in 2014 that he would not attempt to alter the constitution so that he could serve a fourth term, Morales began exploring legal efforts to make a fourth term possible in 2015.

125: 15627: 11603: 1260:. Morales had not taken a leading role in these protests but did use them to get across his message that the MAS was not a single-issue party, and that rather than simply fighting for the rights of the 790:

After finishing primary education, Morales attended the Agrarian Humanistic Technical Institute of Orinoca (ITAHO), completing all but the final year. His parents then sent him to study for a degree in

1140:– PCB). They won landslide victories in those areas which were local strongholds of the movement, producing 11 mayors and 49 municipal councilors. Morales was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in the 15588: 10018:

Evo Morales, the former Bolivian president who fled his country in November amid violent protests over his bid to stay in power, will attempt to run for the Senate in the country's upcoming elections.

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During his presidential campaign, Morales had supported calls for regional autonomy for Bolivia's departments. As president, he changed his position, viewing the calls for autonomy – which came from

10776: 986:– UMOPAR). The following day, UMOPAR agents beat Morales up, leaving him in the mountains to die, but he was rescued by other union members. To combat this violence, Morales concluded that an armed 1787:

2006, Morales issued a presidential decree undoing aspects of the informalization of labor which had been implemented by previous neoliberal governments; this was seen as a highly symbolic act for

905:

had seized power in a military coup, banning other political parties and declaring himself president; for Morales, a "foundational event in his relationship with politics" occurred in 1981, when a

589:, Morales increased taxation on the hydrocarbon industry to bolster social spending and emphasized projects to combat illiteracy, poverty, and racial and gender discrimination. Vocally criticizing 15562: 14751: 13282: 8497: 2973:

Morales' unorthodox behavior contrasts with the usual manners of dignitaries and other political leaders in Latin America. During speeches he made use of personal stories and anecdotes, and used

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from the country. Between them, Colombia, Bolivia and Peru produce almost all of the world's cocaine. The coca growers unions are allegedly the main drug suppliers for the international market.

1083:, a number of his comrades were tortured, although no evidence of a coup was brought forth and he was freed within a week. He proceeded to Argentina to attend a seminar on liberation struggles. 15094: 9361: 1283:

took over as president. Under U.S. pressure, Quiroga sought to have Morales expelled from Congress by saying that Morales' inflammatory language had caused the deaths of two police officers in

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had an ancestral relationship with coca and did not want to lose their most profitable means of subsistence. For them, it was an issue of national sovereignty, with the United States viewed as

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in Washington in regards to Bolivia's economy during Morales's governance, "Bolivia has grown much faster over the last eight years than in any period over the past three and a half decades."

725:

family. One of seven children born to Dionisio Morales Choque and his wife María Ayma Mamani, only he and two siblings, Esther and Hugo, survived past childhood. His mother almost died from a

16842: 15393: 14258: 2560:. The interim government alleged that Morales promoted violent clashes in the country before and after he left office. In February 2020, Morales announced that he would run for a seat in the 8973: 1519:, and gave a speech that included a minute silence in memory of cocaleros and indigenous activists killed in the struggle. He condemned Bolivia's former "colonial" regimes, likening them to 2386:

Despite the referendum loss and Morales' earlier statement that he would not seek a fourth term if he lost the referendum, in December 2016 MAS nominated Morales as their candidate for the

2142:, while protesters clashed with police. The government refused to increase the rise, accusing protesters of being pawns of the right. In August 2010, violent protests broke out in southern 15549: 15406: 15120: 10217: 16812: 9217: 8619: 8351: 2320:

or "Burnt Palace", as a vestige of colonialism and a symbol of neoliberal governments that stripped the State of its wealth, its heritage and its memory. Morales' communication minister

2039:. Ultimately deeming the conference to have been a failure, he oversaw the World's People Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth outside of Cochabamba in April 2010. 15328: 14764: 7930: 12444: 12400: 3503: 15146: 2398:, a binding multilateral treaty. In November, the Court accepted the grounds of the petition. The ruling enabled Morales to submit his application as a presidential candidate to the 941:

campaigning; like many of his comrades, he refused the US$ 2,500 compensation offered by the government for each acre of coca he eradicated. Deeply embedded in Bolivian culture, the

15133: 9418: 1932:, of "conspiring against democracy" and encouraging the civil unrest, ordering him to leave the country. The U.S. government responded by expelling Bolivian ambassador to the U.S., 15068: 15042: 688:, and he was credited with overseeing significant economic growth and poverty reduction as well as increased investment in schools, hospitals, and infrastructure. Critics point to 11434: 15029: 1716:, which he opposed. He had a particularly fierce argument with Brazilian President Lula over Morales' desire to bring Bolivia's refineries – which were largely owned by Brazil's 12610: 3760: 3580: 2890: 15380: 11019: 8579: 3005:

Morales has been described as "the most famous Bolivian ever", whose personality has become "fixed in the global imagination". Morales' government has been seen as part of the

1590:(IMF) which had characterized previous regimes by refusing their financial aid and connected regulations. In May 2007, it became the world's first country to withdraw from the 1304:, Morales focused on criticising government policies rather than outlining alternatives. He had several unconstructive meetings with Sánchez de Lozada but met with Venezuela's 692:

during his tenure, argue that his policies sometimes failed to reflect his environmentalist and indigenous rights rhetoric, and that his defense of coca contributed to illegal

16787: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16767: 15107: 2163:. The issue became an international cause célèbre and cast doubt on the government's environmentalist and indigenous rights credentials. In August, 800 protesters embarked on 2054:, relations between Bolivia and the U.S. improved slightly, and in November 2009 the countries entered negotiations to restore diplomatic relations. After the U.S. backed the 1591: 15302: 10807: 974:

were killed. In 1988, Morales was elected to the position of Executive Secretary of the Federation of the Tropics. In 1989, he spoke at a one-year commemoratory event of the

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From 1984 to 1985, Morales served as Secretary of Records for the movement, and in 1985 he became General Secretary of the August Second Headquarters. From 1984 to 1991, the

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In 2000, the Tunari Waters corporation doubled the price at which they sold water to Bolivian consumers, resulting in a backlash from leftist activist groups, including the

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countries' political and economic order, divided the social field into antagonistic camps and promised redistribution and recognition in a newly founded political order."

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The same day in the town of Lauca, Morales participated in a meeting to nominate a candidate for Governor of Santa Cruz. Though Morales initially endorsed former Mayor of

1428:, whose campaign was centered in Santa Cruz and which advocated continued neo-liberal reform; Quiroga accused Morales of promoting the legalization of cocaine and being a 167: 12929: 11786: 9788: 16757: 15601: 10305: 10131: 9055: 13838: 13116: 12163: 15432: 11387: 2155:

In 2011, the government announced it had signed a contract with a Brazilian company to construct a highway connecting Beni to Cochabamba, which would pass through the

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had supplied $ 4.5 million to the pro-autonomist departmental governments of the eastern provinces, in September 2008 Morales accused the U.S. ambassador to Bolivia,

605:(IMF), and oversaw strong economic growth. Scaling back United States influence in the country, he built relationships with leftist governments in the Latin American 15003: 9232: 8681: 8469: 8325: 1256:; an ethnic separatist, he and Morales disliked each other, with Quispe considering Morales to be a traitor and an opportunist for his willingness to cooperate with 10899: 10544: 16797: 15640: 10971: 10628: 10331: 8992: 8377: 1497:

In the world there are large and small countries, rich countries and poor countries, but we are equal in one thing, which is our right to dignity and sovereignty.

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Morales' inauguration took place on 22 January in La Paz. It was attended by various heads of state, including Argentina's Kirchner, Venezuela's Chávez, Brazil's

10863: 10439: 9382:"Bolivia elections: Concern as results transmission pauses". BBC News. 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019. 9163: 9070: 12426: 12502: 11599: 10953: 10935: 10881: 2405:

Critics said that both courts had been stacked with Morales loyalists, some of whom received favorable positions in the government following these decisions.

1800:, it declared 28 June to be Sexual Minority Rights Day in the country, and encouraged the establishment of a gay-themed television show on the state channel. 1646:

for knee surgery, there meeting with the two nations' presidents, Castro and Chávez. In April 2006, Bolivia agreed to join Cuba and Venezuela in founding the

1546:, with the nation having South America's second largest reserves of natural gas. Keeping to his election pledge, Morales took increasing state control of the 1393:). Favorable to neoliberal economics and strongly critical of the cocaleros, they considered armed insurrection to secede from Bolivia should MAS take power. 13186: 9706: 9128: 8875: 8782: 8557: 8439: 843:, using a loan from Morales' maternal uncle, the family cleared a plot of land in the forest to grow rice, oranges, grapefruit, papaya, bananas and later on 10466: 2478:(OAS) to conduct an audit of the vote count. Morales said he would call for a second-round runoff vote with Mesa if the OAS' audit found evidence of fraud. 1128:– CNE) refused to recognize the ASP, citing minor procedural infringements. The coca activists circumvented this problem by running under the banner of the 12516: 10784: 10188: 2301:

described the new residence as "a luxurious new skyscraper" and that critics contend that "Morales is acting more like an emperor than a president", while

1983: 12260: 10031: 9262: 7694: 16847: 15859: 13260: 10719: 10518: 10492: 7860: 1373:, who tried to strike a balance between U.S. and cocalero demands, but whom Morales mistrusted. In November, Morales spent 24 hours with Cuban President 13286: 11886: 10570: 10274:"Holland, Henry Edmund, (10 June 1868–8 Oct. 1933), Leader of Parliamentary Labour Party, NZ, since 1918, and of the Opposition, 1926–28 and since 1931" 9754: 8494: 6584: 1830: 9280: 5836: 4246: 2084:, who was staying in the Moscow airport at the time. On 2 July 2013, while travelling back to Bolivia from the summit, his presidential plane was 1893:

In May 2008, the eastern departments pushed for greater autonomy, but Morales' government rejected the legitimacy of their position. They called for a

1816:, which produced and packaged coca and trimate tea; the project was primarily funded through a $ 125,000 donation from Venezuela under the PTA scheme. 1435:

With a turnout of 84.5%, the election saw Morales gain 53.7% of the vote, while Quiroga came second with 28.6%; Morales' was the first victory with an

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in the Marxist understanding of the word. Instead, he terms the government's approach "Andean and Amazonian capitalism". Marxist American sociologist

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Disputes about the results began on election night, when there was an unexplained 20 hour break in transmission of the results, leading to widespread

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the incident the next day. Snowden said that the forced grounding of Morales plane may have prompted Russia to allow him to leave the Moscow airport.

16569: 16564: 14240: 13356: 12488: 9970: 9692: 9610: 7961: 2282:. The proposal was initially declined due to municipal height restrictions in the historical district, though Morales' parliamentary majority in the 1102: 542: 13002: 11811: 2197:

proclaiming victory, Morales declared it "a triumph of the anti-colonialists and anti-imperialists" and dedicated his win to both Castro and Chávez.

14282: 13492: 13046: 10384: 8970: 4031:. This claim has been challenged by those who state that Morales probably has some European ancestry, and thus, on genetic grounds, is technically 1933: 1229:, the MAS secured 79 municipal council seats and 10 mayoral positions, gaining 3.27% of the national vote, although 70% of the vote in Cochabamba. 650: 9920: 6672: 1420:

as his vice-presidential candidate, with some Bolivian press speculating as to a romantic relationship between the two. MAS' primary opponent was

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to be revoked. The two nations restored diplomatic relations in November 2011, although Morales refused to allow the DEA back into the country.

14263: 14088: 14083: 13659: 11863: 1869: 12404: 12351: 12218: 16857: 16817: 2028: 16807: 13604: 10665: 9945: 8240: 11514: 16822: 14112: 10737: 10247: 9331:[No promoter of the reelection in Bolivia defended it before the human rights court] (in Spanish). 2 October 2020. Archived from 3958: 1894: 1110: 930:

father Dionisio died, and although he missed the funeral, he temporarily retreated from his union work to organize his father's affairs.

626: 11438: 11321: 8535: 16862: 16827: 16752: 16727: 16717: 16712: 15768: 14093: 12954: 10054: 9867: 2933:. He has two children from different mothers. They are his daughter Evaliz Morales Alvarado and son Álvaro Morales Paredes. Politician 1858: 1179:

Rising electoral success was accompanied by factional in-fighting, with a leadership contest emerging in the ASP between the incumbent

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storm cycle by relocating to the Tropics of Cochabamba in the eastern lowlands. Setting up home in the town of Villa 14 de Septiembre,

807:. These two years were one of Bolivia's politically most unstable periods, with five presidents and two military coups, led by General 13858:

Sivak, Martín (2011). "The Bolivianisation of Washington-La Paz Relations: Evo Morales' Foreign Policy Agenda in Historical Context".

8897: 3018:, as well as sectors of Bolivia's liberal movement, who have been critical of Morales but favored him over the right-wing opposition. 2770:

14. Several news organisations relate the current accusations with comments that Morales had made twice previously on retiring with a

14347: 13334: 8587: 8218: 4148: 3999: 2742:, the official radio station of the federation of coca growers, released a statement confirming that Morales had tested positive for 563: 12240: 10833: 9988: 9114: 1857:– as an attempt by the wealthy bourgeoisie living in these regions to preserve their economic position. He nevertheless agreed to a 994:

against the government, but he soon chose to pursue an electoral path. In 1992, he made various international trips to champion the

14158: 11572: 4208: 2051: 14777: 13212: 9092: 8520: 8069: 2568:. On 20 February however, the national electoral tribunal ruled that Morales was ineligible to run for Senate. In September 2020, 2101:

In 2014, Morales became the oldest active professional soccer player in the world after signing a contract for $ 200 a month with

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in Austria when Portuguese, French, Spanish and Italian authorities denied it access to their airspace. Bolivian Foreign Minister

16523: 14168: 14100: 3940: 3048: 2374: 2360: 1972: 741:, although later commentators would remark that by the time he had become president he was no longer an entirely fluent speaker. 14834: 11041: 9811: 2369:(MAS), sponsored an effort to amend the constitution by national vote. A referendum was authorized by a combined session of the 2305:

wrote that Morales "alienated those who once backed him, especially by building the ostentatious presidential palace". Bolivian

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overrode the ban, permitting the tower's construction. The Casa Grande del Pueblo was inaugurated by Morales on 9 August 2018.

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In March 2005, Mesa resigned, citing the pressure of Morales and the cocalero roadblocks and riots. Amid fears of civil war,

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Under Morales, Bolivia experienced unprecedented economic strength, resulting in an increase in value of its currency, the

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Morales is described as the first indigenous president of Bolivia in academic studies of his presidency, such as those of

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Many analysts and opposition politicians of Morales criticised the spending due to the high levels of poverty in Bolivia.

1909:

lambasted Morales and his supporters with racist epithets, accusing the president of being an Aymara fundamentalist and a

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Morales' administration sought strong links with the governments of Cuba and Venezuela. In April 2005 Morales traveled to

14663: 14245: 14139: 14119: 2678: 2417: 2395: 2055: 1453: 1405: 1320: 1296: 1121: 15289: 11838: 10683: 8989: 8373: 1952:(UNASUR) convened a special meeting to discuss the Bolivian situation, expressing full support for Morales' government. 14873: 14134: 13888: 13791: 13593: 8641: 2561: 2370: 2283: 2226:'s nine years, eight months, and twenty-four days in office and became Bolivia's longest serving president. Writing in 2193: 1679: 1659: 1413: 1319:

revealed that Rocha's comments had served to increase support for Morales. (Ambassador Rocha was later arrested by the

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Following his military service, Morales returned to his family, who had escaped the agricultural devastation of 1980's

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and the rescue of 33 miners in 2010, who were trapped for more than two months more than 2,000 feet below the surface.

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minimally for health, education and nourishment, then each day the most fundamental human rights are being violated.

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Bauchet, Jonathan; Undurraga, Eduardo A.; Reyes-García, Victoria; Behrman, Jere R.; Godoy, Ricardo A. (1 May 2018).

6121: 3706: 16483: 15961: 14535: 14494: 14107: 8553: 8039: 4247:"Evo entrega modulo educativo "Maria Ayma" y dice que nunca influyó en nombramiento de obras - Diario Pagina Siete" 3394: 3366: 3338: 3310: 3282: 3254: 2643: 2366: 2047: 1925: 1222: 510: 372: 210: 15889: 13423:"Presidente Evo Morales recibe el título Doctor Honoris Causa de la Universidad Rusa de la Amistad de los Pueblos" 13190: 13164: 13073:"Bolivia y Surinam profundizan relaciones bilaterales con firma de Declaración Conjunta y Suscripción de Acuerdos" 8431: 5030: 909:(coca grower) was accused of cocaine trafficking by soldiers, beaten up, and burned to death. In 1982 the leftist 15497: 15237: 14847: 14144: 13949: 10106: 9584: 3796: 3724: 2475: 2409: 2094: 1949: 1937: 1595: 1571: 1386: 1051: 15224: 10647: 7352: 2874:

has argued that Morales' government is neither socialist nor anti-imperialist, instead describing Morales as a "

2846:", not having argued for the violent and absolute overthrow of capitalism or U.S. involvement in Latin America. 2512: 2016: 1026:

governance failed to reflect the true democratic will of the majority. This situation was exacerbated following

835: 579:. In 2002, he was expelled from Congress for encouraging anti-government protesters, although he came second in 16832: 15761: 15725: 15250: 14951: 14808: 14656: 14518: 14514: 14510: 14506: 14502: 14374: 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14342: 14287: 14163: 3989: 3742: 3408: 3387: 3359: 3331: 3303: 3247: 3219: 3193: 3160: 2565: 2463: 2457: 2449: 2387: 2333: 2185: 2085: 2070: 1979: 1027: 666: 658: 642: 638: 586: 580: 15510: 15419: 14938: 12192: 9008: 8580:"Comisión legislativa concluye que no hubo tráfico de influencias en contratos del Estado con CAMC - La Razón" 7556: 16113: 15735: 15649: 15211: 14925: 14613: 14421: 14224: 14053: 13766: 13520: 12925: 12891: 12868: 12837: 12814: 12785: 12756: 12727: 12698: 12669: 12640: 3994: 3420: 3165: 2117: 1784: 1397: 1149: 493: 251: 104: 16163: 14912: 13978: 3650: 2080:

In July 2013, Morales attended a summit in Moscow where he said he was open to offering political asylum to

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produced after his birth in a place specially chosen for the occasion. His childhood home was a traditional

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From Rebellion to Reform in Bolivia: Class Struggle, Indigenous Liberation, and the Politics of Evo Morales

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typically worn by politicians. It became a symbol of Morales, with copies of it selling widely in Bolivia.

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remarked that Morales was "one of the world's most popular leaders". On 17 October 2015, Morales surpassed

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region, a strong movement for autonomy had developed under the leadership of the Pro Santa Cruz Committee (

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it was arguing for structural change to the political system and a redefinition of citizenship in Bolivia.

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industrialization of coca production, with Morales inaugurating the first coca industrialization plant in

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Rochlin, James (2007). "Latin America's Left Turn and the New Strategic Landscape: The Case of Bolivia".

7896: 4062:. The data shown represent the share of the vote the entire party/alliance received in that constituency. 3868: 2545: 2250:

for his second term on 10 January 2019. In April 2019, Morales condemned the arrest of WikiLeaks founder

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of MAS activists. The autonomists gained support from some high-ranking politicians; Santa Cruz Governor

1686: 1667: 1587: 1425: 1329: 602: 148: 15168: 14964: 14860: 13500: 12300: 12282: 9895:"Leftist leaders Morales, López Obrador renew ties as former Bolivian president starts asylum in Mexico" 8040:"Whistleblower Edward Snowden on Trump, Obama & How He Ended Up in Russia to Avoid U.S. Extradition" 2673:, Mario Cronenbold, he withdrew his support when Cronenbold made statements in favor of not prosecuting 2003: 1180: 16643: 15484: 15276: 15090: 14977: 13968: 10613:[Complaint against Evo Morales for pedophilia is already in the Bolivian Prosecutor's Office]. 8809:"Las fotos de la suite de Evo Morales en La Casa del Pueblo: "Parece una habitación de un jeque árabe"" 8400: 3814: 2985:

On 4 July 2018, Morales underwent emergency surgery at a private clinic in La Paz in order to remove a

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subsequently reported on these findings. The study was criticized by the Secretary General of the OAS,

2306: 2148: 2108: 2032: 1607: 1472:) of the Aymara, receiving gifts from indigenous peoples across Latin America and thanking the goddess 1301: 1133: 502: 15198: 14882: 13721: 11326: 5844: 5568: 4024: 2849:

Economically, Morales' policies have sometimes been termed "Evonomics" and have focused on creating a

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73% of respondents agreed with the statement that there had been fraud in the October 2019 elections.

16722: 16548: 15754: 15523: 15389: 14065: 14028: 8013: 7276: 3061: 2294:, Morales' bedroom was the same size as the average home provided by his government housing project. 2236: 2036: 1485: 1417: 1408:. Hiring the Peruvian Walter Chávez as its campaign manager, the MAS electoral campaign was based on 1315:

issued a statement declaring that U.S. aid to Bolivia would be cut if MAS won the election. However,

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In response to the decision by the Plurinational Constitutional Court, the Secretary General of the

2073:(GMOs) being grown in Bolivia. This was praised by environmentalists and criticized by the nation's 16747: 16129: 15946: 15924: 15614: 15536: 15458: 9633: 5277: 4027:, Webber, Philip and Panizza, and Farthing and Kohl, as well as in press reports, such as those of 3618: 3542: 2854: 2825:

Figures in the Morales government have described the President's approach to politics as "Evoism" (

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Morales with regional allies, at the Fórum Social Mundial for Latin America: President of Paraguay

1242: 1109:– CSUTCB), a "political instrument" (a term employed over "political party") was formed, named the 922: 15558: 15402: 15363: 15337: 15311: 15285: 15116: 14707: 8282: 5304: 2531:

The Bolivian government commissioned a report from the Bisite Deep Tech Lab Research Group of the

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protests resulted in multiple arrests. Morales entered electoral politics in 1995, was elected to

546:("rural laborers") union. In that capacity, he campaigned against joint U.S.–Bolivian attempts to 16543: 16018: 15704: 14869: 14275: 14078: 10972:"Arce on Naomi: "The first time I saw her was when she approached me and asked for a photograph"" 10571:"MAS aprueba amnistía para "perseguidos" del Gobierno de Áñez en medio de protesta de opositores" 9449: 7468: 3535: 2659: 2532: 2489: 2338: 2189: 2173: 1874: 1401: 1047: 630: 14760: 13864:. Adrian J. Pearce (ed.). London, UK: Institute for the Study of the Americas. pp. 143–74. 13749:. Adrian J. Pearce (ed.). London, UK: Institute for the Study of the Americas. pp. xv–xxv. 13614: 13476:. Adrian J. Pearce (ed.). London, UK: Institute for the Study of the Americas. pp. 93–116. 12588: 11435:"Bolivia: Esther, sister of former President Evo Morales, dies of coronavirus - BURGERON REPORT" 10332:"MAS: Cronenbold ve como "falta de respeto" haber elegido candidato de Santa Cruz en Cochabamba" 8248: 5440: 4900: 3458: 2223: 16707: 15666: 15445: 14406: 14173: 14124: 14073: 12980: 12611:"En lo que va del año, la FELCN decomisó 436 toneladas de droga ya aprehendoio a 2300 personas" 12466: 11506: 10808:"La denuncia a Evo Morales por estupro, una acusación filtrada convertida en "botín electoral"" 8554:"Gabriela Zapata Montaño, la exnovia que puso en aprietos al presidente de Bolivia Evo Morales" 5348: 3465: 2685:

The "silletazo" was met by various reactions within and outside of the party. Former UD Deputy

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Dunkerley, James (2007). "Evo Morales, the 'Two Bolivias' and the Third Bolivian Revolution".

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was sworn into office, on 9 November 2020 Morales returned to Bolivia after 11 months abroad.

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the purposes of domestic consumption, with each family being restricted to the growing of one

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Evo Morales and the Movimiento Al Socialismo in Bolivia: The First Term in Context, 2005–2009

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Evo Morales and the Movimiento Al Socialismo in Bolivia: The First Term in Context, 2005–2009

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Evo Morales and the Movimiento Al Socialismo in Bolivia: The First Term in Context, 2005–2009

12441:"True: More than 90% the coca production of the Chapare does not go through the legal market" 9661:"Evo Morales and Electoral Fraud in Bolivia: A Natural Experiment and Discontinuity Evidence" 9476: 8756: 5281: 3226: 3172: 3011: 2689:

affirmed that the event showed that Morales has "finished his cycle and ... should go home."

2674: 2655: 2647: 2008: 1349: 1172: 1129: 975: 726: 576: 256: 16103: 15545: 15324: 12958: 12955:"En la Asamblea Nacional, Kirchner y Morales recibieron collar de la "Orden del Libertador"" 7954:"Evo Morales, Bolivia President, Leaves Europe After Flight Delayed Over Snowden Suspicions" 2274:

Controversy arose when a new $ 34 million presidential skyscraper office and residence, the

1720:– under state control. In May, Bolivia purchased the refineries and transferred them to the 1213: 910: 16762: 16702: 16697: 16538: 16223: 16093: 15929: 15919: 15864: 15797: 15692: 15493: 15233: 15129: 14843: 14679: 14624: 14442: 14309: 14056: 14021: 12719: 12381:"Bolivia sees coca as a way to perk up its economy – but all everyone else sees is cocaine" 11186: 10285: 10162: 9179:"Evo for ever? Bolivia scraps term limits as critics blast 'coup' to keep Morales in power" 8926:"Andean textiles and bank bills: Inside Morales' home at Bolivia's Big House of the People" 8783:"Bolivia: conozca la suite presidencial que ocupó Evo Morales en la Casa Grande del Pueblo" 8490: 3832: 3275: 2967: 2739: 2309: 2231: 1967:

Although unable to quell the autonomist violence, Morales' government refused to declare a

1917:. Amid the unrest, foreign commentators began speculating on the possibility of civil war. 1757: 1340: 1193: 946: 572: 555: 489: 67: 16183: 15220: 15064: 15038: 13986: 13934: 13926: 13025:"Presidente Morales recibe la condecoración "Estrella de Carabobo" por parte de Venezuela" 12883: 12661: 12632: 12541: 12322: 10902:[Noemi recalls various episodes of Evo Morales in Argentina on her mobile phone]. 10273: 10132:"Candidato con aval de Morales no halla apoyo orgánico del MAS en Pando y genera disputas" 8214: 6809: 6347: 5627: 5368: 4144: 4038: 3097:, the largest coca region of Bolivia, did not pass through the designated legal market in 2711: 2666:

as candidates for mayor of those cities before Morales had had the opportunity to arrive.

2651: 1885: 532:, Morales undertook a basic education and mandatory military service before moving to the 8: 16188: 15869: 15827: 15246: 14804: 12829: 12806: 12748: 12690: 10841: 10306:"Pedro García, proclamado como candidato a gobernador de Santa Cruz tras silletazo a Evo" 8614: 5966: 5694: 5081: 2926: 2867: 2774:(15-year-old) when he was no longer president. In 2018, Bolivian feminist and journalist 2663: 2422: 2192:

places a term limit of two consecutive presidential terms. However, a 2013 ruling by the

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Morales' government sought to encourage a model of development based upon the premise of

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

1570:, which was the first time this had happened in Bolivia for 30 years. During the global 902: 771:

was the dominant geographical feature around Morales's home village of Isallawi (right).

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recognising the rights to self-determination of various nations within a single state.

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Morales policy was "Coca Yes, Cocaine No". A Bolivian man holding a coca leaf, (left);

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in Copenhagen, Denmark, where he blamed climate change on capitalism and called for a

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Electoral Rules and the Transformation of Bolivian Politics: The Rise of Evo Morales

12563: 10990:"Gobierno acusa a Evo de estupro cuando era presidente; Noemí dice que vivió con él" 10440:"Ponchos Rojos rechazan "dedazo" de Evo y le piden que "deje trabajar a otra gente"" 10411:"Ejecutiva de Bartolinas: "Evo merece respeto y no pueden estar botando con sillas"" 7524: 7412: 2895: 2677:, an anti-Morales activist. Instead, Morales endorsed former Minister of Government 2622: 2247: 16681: 16669: 16630: 16620: 16498: 16453: 16443: 16433: 16408: 16288: 16243: 16208: 16178: 16173: 16143: 16048: 15941: 15842: 15778: 15571: 15155: 15012: 14986: 14947: 14921: 14817: 14219: 13814: 13688: 13564: 12503:""Who isn't involved?": How corruption fuels the drug trafficking trade in Bolivia" 12245: 12110: 12063: 12022: 11975: 11928: 10900:"Noemí reflejó en su teléfono celular varios episodios de Evo Morales en Argentina" 10281: 9707:"Encuesta: 73% de la población considera que hubo fraude en las elecciones de 2019" 9516: 9456: 8536:"Sex, lies and paternity claims: Bolivia's president reels amid tumultuous scandal" 8162: 7192: 6517: 6504: 6499: 6466: 3094: 3042:

Morales' brand of pragmatic socialism was a program that was one of many among the

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in Bolivia's 22 national parks, to widespread condemnation from environmentalists.

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as president; Morales lambasted him as "the worst politician in Bolivian history".

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as a representative for El Chapare, having secured 70.1% of the local vote. In the

840: 718: 685: 681: 547: 533: 476: 358: 16283: 14960: 14856: 13963: 13422: 12099:"Competitive Authoritarianism in Morales's Bolivia: Skewing Arenas of Competition" 11480: 10864:"Joven implicada en acusación a Morales por estupro revela que declaró presionada" 10684:"HRW ignores accusation of pedophilia by claiming persecution against Evo Morales" 10629:"Fotografías de Evo con una menor provocan indignación por doble partida en redes" 9781:"El MAS reconoce la sucesión por renuncia y abandono de funciones de Evo y Álvaro" 9730:"Bolivian Prosecutor's Office concludes that there was no electoral fraud in 2019" 7861:"Bolivia: Presidential plane forced to land after false rumors of Snowden onboard" 6363: 6243: 6211: 2958: 2907: 2775: 2093:

governments explain their actions and apologise. An emergency meeting of the

2012: 1601:

A major dilemma faced by Morales' administration was between the desire to expand

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MAS-IPSP partisans celebrate the 16th anniversary of the IPSP party's founding in

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The Triumph of Politics: The Return of the Left in Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador

13609: 12385: 12067: 11912: 8996: 8977: 8610:"Venezuelan President Maduro sworn in for second term amid international boycott" 8501: 3574: 3106: 2911: 2795: 2690: 2670: 2324:

responded to criticism, stating that the tower was "a necessity for the people".

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growers, who said that it would make them less competitive on the global market.

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respectively; under the latter's regime, Morales was stationed as a guard at the

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from 2006 to 2019. Widely regarded as the country's first president to come from

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Evo Morales: The Extraordinary Rise of the First Indigenous President of Bolivia

13834: 13187:"Bolivia: Morales inicia su primera visita a Corea del Sur centrada en el litio" 13024: 13003:"Presidente Morales fue distinguido con Gran Collar de la Orden El Sol del Perú" 12241:"Colombia produces most of the world's cocaine — and output is at a record-high" 7785: 6832: 6488:"Conditional cash transfers for primary education: Which children are left out?" 2941:

in late November 2019. Esther Morales died on 16 August 2020, after contracting

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Movement for Socialism – Political Instrument for the Sovereignty of the Peoples

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and widescale privatization of state-owned assets. Sánchez also agreed with the

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Petras, James (9–15 June 2007). "Evo Morales' Pursuit of 'Normal Capitalism'".

13709: 12051: 11012:"Justicia denuncia a Evo por relación con otra menor, embarazada a los 15 años" 9299:"Tuto: The Convention must protect citizens, not be the instrument of a tyrant" 9129:"Bolivia's President Evo Morales to Run Again Despite Referendum Ruling it Out" 7652: 4059: 3068:

classifies Bolivia as a partly-free democracy as of 2023, with a 66/100 score.

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Presidents pro tempore of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States

16358: 16328: 16228: 15259: 13818: 13568: 11060:"Morales' Office Denounces Sex Complaint as 'Dirty War' by Interim Government" 10954:"New Yorker Chronicle "The Fall of Evo" included a description matching Naomi" 7492: 5998: 5620: 5249: 4433: 4366: 2925:

Morales is not married and upon becoming president selected his older sister,

2474:. Responding to concerns about vote tampering and protests, Morales asked the 1635: 1344:

Morales with his vice-presidential running mate, Álvaro García Linera, in 2005

1305: 669:. After this temporary exile, he returned following the election of President 610: 16691: 16503: 16493: 16488: 16473: 16368: 16303: 16268: 16248: 16238: 16075: 15996: 15981: 15610: 15532: 15454: 15077: 15051: 14207: 13692: 13357:"Morales Awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Argentina for Human Rights Efforts" 12427:"EU expresses concern about the 10 percent increase in coca crops in Bolivia" 12124: 12075: 12036: 11987: 11940: 10936:"Journalist Anderson confirms he saw possible young partner of Evo in Mexico" 10107:"'The fight goes on': exiled former president Evo Morales returns to Bolivia" 9563: 9528: 8695: 7392: 6639: 6603: 6513: 6455:"Schooling and Labor Market Impacts of Bolivia's Bono Juancito Pinto Program" 6098: 3065: 2979: 2903: 2879: 2850: 2834: 2686: 2279: 1948:

out of his country and withdrawing the Venezuelan ambassador to the U.S. The

1945: 1631: 1623: 1512: 1508: 1421: 1280: 1253: 1072: 926: 812: 722: 594: 590: 559: 517: 440: 13238: 11787:"How Evo Morales Made Bolivia A Better Place ... Before He Fled The Country" 10467:"Protesta en El Alto rechaza el "dedazo" de Evo y advierte con voto castigo" 9755:"Secretario de la Fiscalía General declara que el caso fraude sigue abierto" 6850: 6070: 4582: 4469: 2956:, responded that "I believe in the land. In my father and my mother. And in 2312:

dubbed the tower "Evo Palace" and criticized the opulence invested into it.

768: 16478: 16448: 16348: 16338: 16293: 16273: 16213: 16203: 16168: 15971: 15854: 14999: 14466: 13525: 13516: 13470:

Assies, William (2011). "Bolivia's New Constitution and its Implications".

10597:"Morales Office Denounces Sex Complaint as Dirty War by Interim Government" 10545:"Evo Morales y Luis Revilla reciben el alta después de superar la Covid-19" 10080:"Bolivia: Court Drops 'Terrorism' Charges Against Ex-President Evo Morales" 9329:"Ningún promotor de la reelección en Bolivia la defendió ante la Corte IDH" 9281:"IACHR pronounce that states must limit indefinite presidential reelection" 8868:"La suite de Evo tiene 1.068 m2 e incluye sauna, jacuzzi y sala de masajes" 8686: 8506: 7769: 7672: 6531: 5600: 2938: 2882:

characterized Morales' government as "neoliberalism with an Indian face".

2871: 2501: 2436: 2413: 2391: 2043: 1982:

was called. The opposition sought to delay the election by demanding a new

1788: 1675: 1671: 1670:

to be moved out of the country. In the U.S., he met with former presidents

1602: 1429: 1374: 1312: 1292: 1192:

to the IPSP, leaving the ASP to crumble and Véliz to join the center-right

1080: 1064: 949:; activists regularly proclaimed "Long live coca! Death to the Yankees!" (" 934: 799: 614: 558:

violation of indigenous Andean culture. His involvement in anti-government

551: 20: 12164:"Is Bolivia's coca policy protecting tradition or creating a Narco-state?" 11979: 11932: 6714: 5950: 5678: 5552: 5472: 4314: 2506: 1944:. Chávez stood in solidarity with Bolivia by ordering the U.S. ambassador 1732: 1717: 758: 729:

following his birth. In keeping with Aymara custom, his father buried the

16428: 16378: 16363: 16333: 16318: 16253: 16233: 16198: 16065: 16060: 15966: 15636: 15597: 15441: 15428: 14213: 13898: 13628: 11917:"Latin America Erupts: When Does Competitive Authoritarianism Take Root?" 10756:"Denuncia contra Evo Morales por pedofilia ya está en Fiscalía boliviana" 10611:"Denuncia contra Evo Morales por pedofilia ya está en Fiscalía boliviana" 10358:"Rafael Quispe dice que, tras el silletazo, Evo "debería irse a su casa"" 9585:"MIT Researchers Find No Evidence of Fraud in Bolivia's October Election" 9460: 8348:"Evo Morales Dedicates Electoral Victory to Fidel Castro and Hugo Chavez" 6890: 6538: 6129: 4265: 3774: 3082: 2863: 2723: 2069:

In October 2012, the government passed a Law of Mother Earth that banned

1941: 1797: 1547: 1370: 1157: 808: 654: 653:, although his popularity was dented by attempts to abolish presidential 481: 14648: 12115: 12098: 11964:"Latin America's Authoritarian Drift: The Threat from the Populist Left" 10834:"Morales' office denounces sex complaint as 'dirty war' by interim govt" 10493:"Confirman que Evo Morales dio positivo a Covid-19 y recibe tratamiento" 9919:

Collyns, Dan; Washington, agencies Julian Borger in (11 November 2019).

9893:

Sieff, Kevin; Martínez, Gabriela; Krygier, Rachelle (13 November 2019).

8971:

Consulta para habilitar a Evo está en marcha; El MAS ‘se juega la vida’

6406: 1582:

During Morales' first term, Bolivia broke free of the domination of the

704: 16438: 16193: 16023: 15956: 15951: 15181: 14129: 13521:"Evo Morales wins landslide victory in Bolivian presidential elections" 13335:"Presentation of an Honorary Degree to His Excellency Evo Morales Ayma" 12027: 12010: 10650:[Evo Morales: "I don't want to think that you are a lesbian"]. 9448:

Idrobo, Nicolás; Kronick, Dorothy; Rodríguez, Francisco (7 June 2020).

7984:"Bolivia's Morales says plane held 'hostage' because of Snowden rumors" 7104: 6471: 6144: 5647: 3678: 3424: 3085:. In 2008, two years into his first term as president, he expelled the 3077: 2782:

The Ministry of Government subsequently informed the Spanish newspaper

2184:

In 2008, Morales stated that he would not stand for re-election in the

1878: 1842: 1776: 1583: 1465: 783: 622: 598: 12261:"Bolivia, narcoestado cuya política exterior defiende el narcotráfico" 12011:"Making Sense of Competitive Authoritarianism: Lessons from the Andes" 11963: 11916: 10720:"Evo Morales se niega a aclarar si mantuvo una relación con una menor" 7376: 6114: 5500: 2730:

of La Paz stated that "Evo should not get involved in the elections."

2373:

on 26 September 2015, by a vote of 112 to 41. On 21 February 2016 the

1940:(DEA) from the country, while the U.S. responded by withdrawing their 1241:. Activists clashed with police and armed forces, in what was dubbed " 16602: 16590: 16418: 16118: 16011: 16001: 15936: 15909: 15688: 14525: 11812:"Silence reigns on the US-backed coup against Evo Morales in Bolivia" 10248:"Captan en video sillazo a Evo Morales en asamblea de su partido MAS" 10030:

Ramos, Daniel; Jourdan, Adam (20 February 2020). Maler, Sanda (ed.).

9505:"Do Shifts in Late-Counted Votes Signal Fraud? Evidence from Bolivia" 9450:"Do shifts in late-counted votes signal fraud? Evidence from Bolivia" 8728: 8724:"In impoverished Bolivia, president's new palace an eyesore for some" 8682:"Bolivian president's new residence is as imposing as it is divisive" 8095: 5714: 3972: 3936: 3918: 3900: 3846: 3792: 3738: 3720: 3594: 3563: 3516: 3478: 3043: 3006: 2635: 2630:

as Bolivia's president in 2020 facilitated Morales' return from exile

2627: 2557: 2074: 1813: 1563: 1473: 1441: 1316: 1217: 956: 670: 606: 506: 497: 219: 13400: 13308: 10519:"Confirman que Morales dio positivo a Covid-19 y que "está estable"" 9233:"Bolivia's Morales defies term limits, launches bid for fourth term" 3612: 2143: 872: 15817: 15746: 14319: 13991: 13213:"EVO MORALES FUE DISTINGUIDO COMO DOCTOR HONORIS CAUSA POR LA UNSJ" 11910: 11410:"Buenos Aires Times | Evo Morales' children arrive in Buenos Aires" 9520: 9358:"Bolivia, OAS close to deal on election audit as protests continue" 8760: 7951: 6485: 5288: 5008: 5006: 4028: 3670: 2997: 2966:

life, with little interest in material possessions. Morales is an

2942: 2919: 2916: 2894:

First Lady Morales with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ecuador

2784: 2553: 2246:

Morales attended the swearing-in ceremony of Venezuela's president

1663: 1556: 1461: 1457: 1075:. Accusing the group of plotting a coup with the aid of Colombia's 897: 886: 882: 730: 710: 567: 525: 485: 354: 13378: 11457: 11266: 9552:"A Bitter Election. Accusations of Fraud. And Now Second Thoughts" 9419:"Bolivian government seeks election audit, vows to respect result" 6275: 5053: 4386: 4350: 3497: 2970:

enthusiast and plays the game frequently, often with local teams.

1528:

to do the same. Morales gathered together a largely inexperienced

1107:

Confederación Sindical Única de Trabajadores Campesinos de Bolivia

16070: 15837: 13095:"UPEA nombra Doctor Honoris Causa a Evo Morales y a Fidel Castro" 12915:"Publicación de Resultados Nacionales: Elecciones Generales 2019" 11708: 11706: 11704: 11702: 11700: 11086: 10702:"María Galindo pointed out crimes of rape of Evo Morales in 2018" 10189:"Eligen a candidatos del MAS en ciudades antes de que llegue Evo" 10174: 10035: 8930: 8813: 8241:"Bolivia's Long March Against Evo Morales: An Indigenous Protest" 8197: 8195: 8193: 7264: 7212: 4033: 3756: 3702: 3524: 3486: 2963: 2937:

is Evaliz's godfather. His children left Bolivia and traveled to

2843: 2747:

was discharged from the Los Olivos private clinic on 27 January.

2719: 2302: 2262: 1713: 1366: 1014: 852: 693: 362: 24: 13447:(in Spanish). UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LAS ARTES. 2 November 2020 13401:"Evo Morales recibió el título Doctor Honoris Causa de la UNTDF" 11887:"Evo Morales has proved that socialism doesn't damage economies" 11630: 10055:"HRW: Terrorism charges against Morales 'politically motivated'" 9812:"Bolivia's Evo Morales on plane to Mexico amid political crisis" 9503:

Idrobo, Nicolás; Kronick, Dorothy; Rodríguez, Francisco (2022).

8521:"Bolivia's universal healthcare is model for the world, says UN" 7092: 7068: 6966: 6754: 6422: 5412: 5003: 4951: 4869: 4655: 4223: 2435:

democracy". Speaking at the hearing, former Bolivian President,

2402:, who then accepted his application and approved his candidacy. 1820:

criminalisation of coca, and in 2013 successfully convinced the

1771: 1708:

as a revolutionary comrade. In April 2007 he attended the first

863: 11742: 10777:"Seis contradicciones opacan la investigación del caso estupro" 9810:

Regan, Helen; Guerrero, Kay; Andone, Dakin (12 November 2019).

9263:"IACHR argues that reelection is not an autonomous human right" 6766: 5745: 5668: 5666: 4513: 4453: 4402: 4334: 3954: 3882: 3639: 3602: 3098: 2952:

in order "to go to weddings", and when asked if he believed in

2789:

the Bolivian Prosecutor's Office began a formal investigation.

2757: 1854: 1752: 1643: 1515:. Morales wore an Andeanized suit designed by fashion designer 1445: 1378: 1284: 1168: 1068: 1003: 979: 804: 16676: 14013: 13215:(in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Archived from 12489:"Coca crops rise by up to 171 percent in five protected areas" 11754: 11697: 9971:"Bolivia prosecutors order arrest of ex-President Evo Morales" 9164:"Bolivian court clears way for Morales to run for fourth term" 8495:

Evo Morales has proved that socialism doesn't damage economies

8190: 8178: 8150: 8138: 7842: 7840: 7759: 7757: 7727: 7034: 7032: 6983: 6981: 6199: 6060: 6058: 6033: 6031: 6029: 5928: 5926: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5884: 5882: 2381: 1592:

International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes

1101:

emerged in 1993. On 27 March 1995, at the 7th Congress of the

16843:

Presidents pro tempore of the Union of South American Nations

11687: 11685: 11646: 10385:"Barrientos: "La gente le ha perdido el miedo a Evo Morales"" 9921:"Former Bolivian leader Evo Morales granted asylum by Mexico" 9071:"Bolivian President Concedes Defeat in Term-Limit Referendum" 9042:"AP Explains: Why is Evo Morales facing protests in Bolivia?" 8898:"How Bolivia's Evo Morales Could Win A 4th Term As President" 8642:"Julian Assange's arrest draws fierce international reaction" 8263: 7923:"Bolivia Threatens U.S. Embassy Closing After Snowden Search" 5773: 5278:"Former U.S. ambassador charged with being an agent for Cuba" 4619: 4205:"Evo Morales: Bolivian leader wants five more years in power" 4075: 3864: 3810: 2986: 1921: 1690: 1552: 1362: 1279:

In August 2001, Banzer resigned due to terminal illness, and

1267: 734: 13379:"USAC otorga doctor honoris causa al presidente Evo Morales" 12219:"Evo Morales suspendió las actividades de la DEA en Bolivia" 11730: 11600:"Bolivian President Morales has emergency surgery for tumor" 11380:"Evo afirma que tuvo un hijo con Zapata y que murió en 2007" 11230: 11174: 11162: 11042:"Difunden imágenes de la supuesta hija de Evo con una menor" 9393:"Bolivia reveals final vote results, but no winner declared" 9056:"Bolivia passes law to allow Morales to run for fourth term" 7144: 7132: 7120: 7080: 7044: 7017: 7005: 6942: 6906: 6790: 6690: 6434: 6394: 5663: 2327: 1252:

group launched a guerrilla uprising under the leadership of

1204:

cause. Continuing his activism, in 1998 Morales led another

1200:– NFR), for which Morales denounced him as a traitor to the 540:

and becoming a trade unionist, he rose to prominence in the

16813:

Members of the Bolivian Chamber of Deputies from Cochabamba

12467:"El 94% De La Coca De Chapare No Pasa Por El Mercado Legal" 11911:

Velasco Guachalla, V. Ximena; Hummel, Calla; Handlin, Sam;

11349:"Oposición pide investigar denuncia de periodista Valverde" 11294: 11126: 10218:"Bases del MAS desconocen a García y ratifican a Conenbold" 8374:"Morales wins third term in Bolivian presidential election" 8114: 7837: 7754: 7695:

LULA PARABENIZA PRESIDENTE DO CHILE POR RESGATE DE MINEIROS

7512: 7456: 7168: 7156: 7029: 6993: 6978: 6878: 6866: 6730: 6187: 6160: 6086: 6055: 6026: 5986: 5923: 5906: 5894: 5879: 4116: 4114: 3828: 3631: 3555: 2974: 2059: 1836: 1721: 1354: 1324: 1311:

Just prior to the election, the U.S. ambassador to Bolivia

1076: 999: 844: 537: 11682: 11658: 11138: 9198:"AP Explains: Did a coup force Bolivia's Evo Morales out?" 9009:

Bolivia passes law to allow Morales to run for fourth term

8126: 7596: 7340: 7228: 5101: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4698: 4099: 1009: 978:

in which 11 coca farmers had been killed by agents of the

496:, his administration worked towards the implementation of 13605:"Morales' Big Win: Voters Ratify His Remaking of Bolivia" 13047:"Evo Morales recibe condecoración de Raúl Castro en Cuba" 12957:(in Spanish). Radio Nacional de Venezuela. Archived from 11839:"Evo Morales's Chaotic Departure Won't Define His Legacy" 8902: 8401:"Bolivia's Evo Morales secures redistributionist mandate" 8300:"Bolivia: New law backs President Evo Morales third term" 8283:"Bolivia (Plurinational State of)'s Constitution of 2009" 7744: 7742: 7705: 7703: 7308: 6335: 5785: 5761: 5336: 4182: 4037:

rather than solely indigenous. Further, former president

3086: 2953: 2298: 1712:

in Venezuela, arguing with many allies over the issue of

13935:"Bolivia's Morales insists no return for US drug agency" 13679:

Lerager, James (2006). "Report on Bolivia's Elections".

13445:"Entrega del Doctorado Honoris Causa a Evo Morales Ayma" 13309:"Conferimento del Dottorato Honoris Causa a Evo Morales" 12884:"Elecciones Generales 2014 (Exterior) | Atlas Electoral" 12830:"Elecciones Generales 2009 (Exterior) | Atlas Electoral" 12052:"Populism and competitive authoritarianism in the Andes" 10806:

Molina, Fernando; Criales, Jose Pablo (25 August 2020).

10008:"Evo Morales, Now in Exile, to Run for Bolivia's Senate" 9216:. The Telegraph. Agence France-Presse. 21 October 2019. 8462:"Bolivia elects Evo Morales as president for third term" 8318:"Bolivia elects Evo Morales as president for third term" 8066:"Bolivian President Evo Morales signed by football club" 6177: 6175: 5735: 5733: 5488: 5428: 5388: 4111: 3071: 1775:

Morales and Vice President Álvaro García Linera in 2006

13661:

Revolution!: South America and the Rise of the New Left

12297:"Coca cultivation in Bolivia falls to 11-year low – UN" 11541: 10648:"Evo Morales: "No quiero pensar que usted es lesbiana"" 9550:

Kurmanaev, Anatoly; Trigo, Maria Silvia (7 June 2020).

9158: 9156: 9154: 8841:"Bolivian palace: President Evo Morales signs contract" 6954: 6918: 6778: 6742: 6702: 6562:"Bolivia: BONOSOL programme is 21 years old, this year" 6311: 6299: 5173: 5069: 4929: 4927: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4763: 4734: 4686: 4489: 4423: 4421: 4292: 4290: 4288: 2519:

On 15 October 2020, a study by Gary A. Hoover from the

621:. His administration opposed the autonomist demands of 566:

in 1997 and became leader of MAS in 1998. Coupled with

12517:"El Cártel de Evo: un modelo de corrupción en Bolivia" 12352:"UNODC Bolivia coca survey 2017 factsheet and summary" 11866:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 13 October 2014 11766: 11670: 11553: 11282: 11218: 11150: 11074: 9502: 9447: 9023:"Bolivia's Evo Morales Faces Tough Vote on Referendum" 7825: 7813: 7739: 7700: 7584: 7444: 7432: 6653: 6014: 5938: 5837:"Bolivian president slashes salary for public schools" 5237: 5149: 5113: 4991: 4939: 4890: 4888: 4826: 4802: 4792: 4790: 4775: 4676: 4674: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4570: 4548: 4546: 4544: 2494:

Morales’ first-round election victory was legitimate.

1998: 16788:

Candidates in the 2019 Bolivian presidential election

16783:

Candidates in the 2014 Bolivian presidential election

16778:

Candidates in the 2009 Bolivian presidential election

16773:

Candidates in the 2005 Bolivian presidential election

16768:

Candidates in the 2002 Bolivian presidential election

16641: 13710:"Nobel Committee asked to strip Obama of Peace Prize" 11718: 11618: 11529: 11507:"La fiesta de gala de los 15 años de Eva Liz Morales" 11254: 11102: 9989:"Warrant for arrest of Evo Morales issued in Bolivia" 7952:

Michael Weissenstein; Angels Charlton (3 July 2013).

7858: 7715: 7544: 7296: 7180: 7056: 6930: 6583:

por, Evo sustituirá el Bonosol; fides, ANF noticias.

6453:

Canelas, Carla; Niño-Zarazúa, Miguel (26 July 2019).

6382: 6323: 6287: 6263: 6172: 6043: 5730: 5540: 5185: 5161: 5125: 4643: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 2718:

As a result of these disputes, protesters in Potosí,

2179: 2157:

Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous Territory

1613: 1490: 1357:, and the governments of Venezuela, Cuba, and Libya. 824: 705:

Childhood, education, and military service: 1959–1978

12178:"Bolivia President Evo Morales attacks drug reports" 11598:

Laing, Aislinn; Ramos, Daniel. Adler, Leslie (ed.).

11445: 11242: 11114: 10738:"Acusan a Evo Morales de haber abusado de una menor" 10434: 10432: 9892: 9659:

Escobari, Diego; Hoover, Gary A. (15 October 2020).

9151: 9115:"Bolivia's Morales loses referendum for fourth term" 6231: 5460: 5400: 5324: 5225: 4967: 4924: 4850: 4838: 4558: 4529: 4418: 4285: 1978:

Following the approval of the new Constitution, the

1697:, whose government had recently awarded Morales the 1186:

Instrumento Político por la Soberanía de los Pueblos

12139:"Bolivia: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report" 11206: 10666:"Evo Morales denounced for relationship with minor" 9809: 9693:"New study shows fraud before the fall of the TREP" 9081: 8990:

La ALP sancionó la Ley de Reforma parcial de la CPE

7801: 6452: 5817: 5137: 5028: 4979: 4885: 4814: 4787: 4751: 4722: 4710: 4671: 4631: 4598: 4541: 4501: 4302: 2804:"dirty war" by the interim government against him. 2538: 1654:, where he gave a speech condemning U.S. President 1271:Evo Morales (right) with French labor union leader 1132:(IU), a coalition of leftist parties headed by the 16758:Bolivian politicians of indigenous peoples descent 13927:"Bolivia and US 'to restore diplomatic relations'" 13779: 10032:"Bolivia electoral body blocks Morales senate run" 9846:"Morales says he fled Bolivia as life was at risk" 9211: 8275: 4163: 4087: 480:; born 26 October 1959) is a Bolivian politician, 13602: 13143:"Evo Morales recibirá el honoris causa de la UNC" 13075:(in Spanish). MINISTERIO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES 10429: 9946:"Evo Morales granted refugee status in Argentina" 9918: 8634: 8527: 7791: 7678: 2576: 2354: 2062:forces, Morales condemned Obama, calling for his 1502:— Evo Morales, Inaugural Speech, 22 January 2006. 1232: 1103:Unique Confederation of Rural Laborers of Bolivia 1006:, during which he learned of his mother's death. 16689: 11864:"Bolivian president Evo Morales wins third term" 10105:Phillips, Tom; Collyns, Dan (10 November 2020). 8215:"Indigenous Bolivians march against Amazon road" 6833:"Refworld | Freedom of the Press 2013 - Bolivia" 6831:Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. 2885: 2481: 1335: 1091: 651:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States 16798:21st-century indigenous leaders of the Americas 13720: 13533: 12564:"Vinculan a Evo Morales con el narco brasileño" 11760: 11748: 11712: 11652: 10104: 9912: 9868:"Mexico grants asylum to Bolivia's Evo Morales" 9305:(in Spanish). 30 September 2020. Archived from 8398: 8184: 8172: 7733: 7270: 7246: 6628:"Child mortality in Bolivia: a partial success" 5633: 5574: 5558: 5522: 5478: 5446: 5374: 5354: 5310: 5203: 4906: 4081: 2764: 2161:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 1975:, in which it was approved by 61.4% of voters. 1699:Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights 1542:economy was based largely on the extraction of 1216:, the leader of a defunct yet still registered 895:In El Chapare, Morales joined a trade union of 709:Morales was born in the small rural village of 31: and the second or maternal family name is 13584:Farthing, Linda C.; Kohl, Benjamin H. (2014). 13425:(in Spanish). MINISTERIO RELACIONES EXTERIORES 13261:"Evo Morales Receives Honorary Degree in Cuba" 13165:"Evo Morales es nombrado Doctor Honoris Causa" 12096: 12049: 11785:Sarmiento, Isabella Gomez (26 November 2019). 11591: 9658: 9549: 9411: 8964: 5605:. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 151. 5022: 1566:. Morales' first year in office ended with no 1323:on criminal charges of being an agent for the 676:Morales' supporters laud him as a champion of 593:, Morales' government moved Bolivia towards a 15762: 14664: 14029: 13777: 12861:"Elecciones Generales 2014 | Atlas Electoral" 12807:"Elecciones Generales 2009 | Atlas Electoral" 12778:"Elecciones Generales 2005 | Atlas Electoral" 12749:"Elecciones Generales 2002 | Atlas Electoral" 12720:"Elecciones Generales 2002 | Atlas Electoral" 12691:"Elecciones Generales 1997 | Atlas Electoral" 12662:"Elecciones Generales 1993 | Atlas Electoral" 12633:"Elecciones Generales 1989 | Atlas Electoral" 12403:(in Spanish). 15 October 2020. Archived from 11355:. Cochabamba. 4 February 2016. Archived from 11325:(in Spanish). 5 February 2007. Archived from 11180: 11168: 10805: 9840: 9838: 9836: 9834: 9832: 8954:"Bolivia's Evo Morales rules out fourth term" 8834: 8832: 8269: 8092:"Bolivia declares Israel a 'terrorist state'" 7890: 7888: 7886: 6357: 4592: 4105: 2270:presidential offices built by Morales in 2018 2029:2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference 1063:began a 360 mi (580 km) march from 14471: 13583: 13027:(in Spanish). VICEMINISTERIO DE COMUNICACIÓN 12583: 12581: 12443:(in Spanish). 5 October 2020. Archived from 12191:O'Grady, Mary Anastasia (17 November 2019). 11736: 11664: 11300: 11236: 11200: 11018:(in Spanish). 24 August 2020. Archived from 10783:(in Spanish). 27 August 2020. Archived from 10280:, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007, 10029: 9352: 9350: 8430:Quiroga T., José Antonio (11 October 2015). 8201: 8168: 8156: 8144: 8120: 7846: 7795: 7779: 7763: 7646: 7626: 7578: 7538: 7486: 7462: 7426: 7370: 7334: 7290: 7258: 7206: 7174: 7162: 7150: 7138: 7126: 7098: 7086: 7074: 7050: 7023: 7011: 6999: 6987: 6972: 6948: 6912: 6900: 6884: 6872: 6772: 6760: 6724: 6696: 6613: 6548: 6440: 6428: 6416: 6400: 6376: 6257: 6225: 6205: 6193: 6166: 6154: 6092: 6080: 6064: 6037: 6008: 5992: 5960: 5932: 5917: 5900: 5888: 5811: 5708: 5688: 5672: 5637: 5454: 5219: 5095: 4188: 4120: 1899:Unrest then broke out across eastern Bolivia 847:. It was here that Morales learned to speak 787:thus gained early experience in leadership. 14264:World People's Conference on Climate Change 13778:Philip, George; Panizza, Francisco (2011). 13603:Friedman-Rudovsky, Jean (7 December 2009). 12522:(in Spanish). Fundación Vicente Pazos Kanki 12401:"Felcn seized 12 tons of cocaine this year" 12190: 11884: 11575:. BBC News. 20 January 2006. Archived from 9611:"Un estudio pedido en tiempos de Fake News" 8983: 8014:"France apologises to Bolivia over jet row" 7920: 6673:"Periódico La Patria - Noticias de Bolivia" 3076:Morales has faced criticism concerning his 2382:2017 Supreme Constitutional Tribunal ruling 2342:Evo Morales meeting with Russian President 2257: 2138:given the rising cost of living, calling a 2112:Morales attending the 6th BRICS summit 2014 1555:metallurgy plant and refused to compensate 1111:Assembly for the Sovereignty of the Peoples 667:Morales agreed to calls for his resignation 138:14 January 2019 – 10 November 2019 80:22 January 2006 – 10 November 2019 16848:Recipients of the Order of the Sun of Peru 15769: 15755: 15731: 14671: 14657: 14036: 14022: 13921:. London, UK: BBC News. 12 September 2008. 13913:. London, UK: BBC News. 11 September 2008. 13743:Pearce, Adrian J. (2011). "Introduction". 11317:"Hermana de Evo Morales sera primera dama" 10771: 10769: 10156: 9829: 9803: 9631: 8829: 8429: 7883: 4199: 4197: 4145:"Profile: Bolivia's President Evo Morales" 2396:American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR) 2007:President Morales with president of Chile 1870:election to form a Constitutional Assembly 1291:The MAS gained increasing popularity as a 1042:became president. He adopted a policy of " 699: 50: 14678: 13933: 13925: 13917: 13909: 13624:"Indian, Coca Farmer, Bolivian President" 13622:Gutsch, Jochen-Martin (5 February 2006). 13552: 13490: 13359:. Indian Country Today. 13 September 2018 12589:"Bolivia Struggles to Combat Narco Trade" 12578: 12114: 12026: 11784: 11192: 10840:. Reuters. 22 August 2020. Archived from 10136:La Razón | Noticias de Bolivia y el Mundo 10046: 10005: 9886: 9860: 9577: 9347: 9089:"Bolivian leader 'loses' fourth term bid" 8874:(in Spanish). 20 May 2018. Archived from 8032: 7897:"Is Edward J. Snowden Aboard This Plane?" 7831: 7819: 7474: 7450: 7438: 6564:. Basic Income Earth Network. 3 June 2018 6521: 6503: 6470: 6104: 5865: 5779: 5767: 5720: 5598: 4475: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4000:Evo Morales and the Roman Catholic Church 2548:, whom he credited with saving his life. 2328:2019 election controversy and resignation 1936:. Bolivia subsequently expelled the U.S. 1598:, deeming it a form of U.S. imperialism. 13937:. London, UK: BBC News. 9 November 2011. 13929:. London, UK: BBC News. 8 November 2011. 13491:Blackwell, Benjamin (11 November 2002). 13119:(in Spanish). FM Bolivia. Archived from 12373: 12050:Levitsky, Steven; Loxton, James (2013). 9360:. Al Jazeera. Reuters. 29 October 2019. 8838: 6625: 5029:America Vera-Zavala (18 December 2005). 3959:Peoples' Friendship University of Russia 2996: 2948:Morales has commented that he is only a 2889: 2701: 2621: 2337: 2261: 2199: 2128: 2107: 2002: 1954: 1884: 1837:Domestic unrest and the new constitution 1770: 1731: 1685:In December 2006, he attended the first 1617: 1479: 1339: 1266: 1162: 1008: 984:Unidad Móvil Policial para Áreas Rurales 645:, he oversaw Bolivia's admission to the 301:6 August 1997 – 24 January 2002 270:2 August 2002 – 22 January 2006 16524:International Trade Union Confederation 13802: 13678: 13657: 13515: 13189:(in Spanish). infolatam. Archived from 12008: 11961: 11547: 11080: 10918:""Ñustitas", the 'prey' of Evo Morales" 10766: 10464: 10382: 10052: 9196:Armario, Christine (11 November 2019). 9195: 8817:(in European Spanish). 15 November 2019 8679: 8533: 7894: 7110: 7038: 6960: 6924: 6896: 6856: 6796: 6784: 6748: 6736: 6720: 6708: 6372: 5700: 4194: 4054: 4052: 3941:National University of Tierra del Fuego 3049:Center for Economic and Policy Research 2992: 2962:." According to some, Morales lives an 2750: 2361:2016 Bolivian constitutional referendum 2133:Morales addressing Bolivia's Parliament 2116:On 31 July 2014, Morales condemned the 2027:In December 2009, Morales attended the 1959:Morales meeting with Russian President 1693:, Nigeria, there meeting Libyan leader 1648:Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas 1188:– IPSP). The movement's bases defected 1115:Asamblea por la Sobernía de los Pueblos 16690: 16529:International Union of Socialist Youth 13998:Extended biography and tenure by CIDOB 13878: 13763: 13742: 13707: 13636: 13621: 13469: 13145:(in Spanish). RÍO NEGRO. 28 April 2010 12393: 11885:O'Hagan, Ellie Mae (14 October 2014). 11772: 11691: 11676: 11640: 11636: 11624: 11597: 11559: 11467: 11311: 11309: 11288: 11276: 11224: 11212: 11196: 11156: 11144: 11132: 11120: 11108: 11096: 10645: 10212: 10210: 9727: 9039: 8862: 8860: 8858: 8751: 8749: 8747: 8718: 8716: 8714: 8712: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8132: 7807: 7775: 7748: 7709: 7682: 7666: 7662: 7642: 7622: 7618: 7602: 7590: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7534: 7518: 7506: 7482: 7422: 7406: 7386: 7366: 7362: 7346: 7330: 7302: 7286: 7254: 7234: 7222: 7202: 6860: 6659: 6609: 6544: 6412: 6253: 6221: 6076: 6020: 5980: 5976: 5956: 5944: 5873: 5823: 5807: 5751: 5657: 5653: 5641: 5586: 5582: 5546: 5534: 5530: 5510: 5506: 5422: 5382: 5362: 5342: 5318: 5263: 5231: 5215: 5211: 5191: 5179: 5167: 5131: 5107: 5091: 5075: 5063: 5016: 5012: 4973: 4961: 4957: 4933: 4918: 4914: 4879: 4875: 4863: 4844: 4769: 4745: 4665: 4649: 4564: 4535: 4523: 4495: 4483: 4463: 4447: 4443: 4427: 4412: 4396: 4380: 4376: 4360: 4344: 4328: 4324: 4296: 4279: 4271: 4233: 4229: 4176: 4126: 4093: 3923:Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala 3887:University of Pau and the Adour Region 3037: 1822:UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1036:Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario 180:17 April 2018 – 16 April 2019 16:President of Bolivia from 2006 to 2019 15750: 14652: 14470: 14017: 13857: 13833: 13588:. Austin: University of Texas Press. 13534:Crabtree, John; Chaplin, Ann (2013). 13005:(in Spanish). ANDINA. 19 October 2010 11836: 11724: 11535: 11463: 11451: 11377: 11272: 11260: 11248: 11092: 10646:Molina, Fernando (17 November 2015). 10465:Bolivia, Opinión (15 December 2020). 10383:Bolivia, Opinión (15 December 2020). 9672:University of Texas Rio Grande Valley 9429:from the original on 16 November 2019 9364:from the original on 16 November 2019 9230: 9220:from the original on 12 January 2022. 9176: 9139:from the original on 19 December 2016 9068: 8472:from the original on 18 December 2016 8328:from the original on 18 December 2016 8020:from the original on 23 February 2014 7964:from the original on 10 February 2015 7859:Catherine E. Shoichet (3 July 2013). 7721: 7697:, CONGRESSO EM FOCO, 13 November 2010 7658: 7638: 7614: 7562: 7550: 7530: 7502: 7498: 7478: 7418: 7402: 7398: 7382: 7358: 7326: 7314: 7282: 7250: 7218: 7198: 7186: 7114: 7062: 6936: 6626:Schipani, Andres (6 September 2010). 6388: 6353: 6341: 6329: 6317: 6305: 6293: 6281: 6269: 6249: 6237: 6217: 6181: 6150: 6108: 6049: 6004: 5972: 5869: 5803: 5791: 5755: 5739: 5724: 5704: 5684: 5578: 5562: 5526: 5494: 5482: 5466: 5450: 5434: 5418: 5406: 5394: 5378: 5358: 5330: 5314: 5298: 5294: 5275: 5259: 5255: 5243: 5207: 5155: 5143: 5119: 5087: 5059: 4997: 4985: 4945: 4910: 4894: 4832: 4820: 4808: 4796: 4781: 4757: 4728: 4716: 4704: 4692: 4680: 4661: 4637: 4625: 4613: 4588: 4576: 4552: 4519: 4507: 4479: 4459: 4439: 4408: 4392: 4372: 4356: 4340: 4320: 4308: 4275: 4253:from the original on 4 September 2018 3128: 3072:Allegations of creating a narco-state 2833:). From 2009, Morales has advocated " 2807: 2525:University of Texas Rio Grande Valley 2510:and by Ricardo Kirschbaum writing in 1381:, and then met Argentinian President 617:'s Cuba, and signed Bolivia into the 475: 16858:South American democratic socialists 16818:Movimiento al Socialismo politicians 15776: 14450: 13586:Evo's Bolivia: Continuity and Change 13381:(in Spanish). USAC. 30 November 2018 13285:(in Spanish). UNITEL. Archived from 12315: 12193:"Morales Made Bolivia a Narco State" 11390:from the original on 7 February 2016 10286:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u211387 10053:Abdalla, Jihan (11 September 2020). 10006:Turkewitz, Julie (4 February 2020). 9632:Kirschbaum, Ricardo (5 March 2020). 9243:from the original on 21 October 2019 9069:Casey, Nicholas (24 February 2016). 9020: 8560:from the original on 9 February 2016 8432:"Andrés de Santa Cruz y Evo Morales" 8411:from the original on 21 October 2014 8380:from the original on 13 October 2014 8354:from the original on 26 October 2014 8102:from the original on 12 October 2017 7933:from the original on 22 October 2014 6830: 6582: 4211:from the original on 14 October 2019 4151:from the original on 12 October 2018 4049: 3432: 3115: 2617: 2580: 2278:, was constructed in the historical 2124: 767:Aymara in traditional dress (left); 619:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas 16808:Left-wing populism in South America 13899:"The explosive apex of Evo's power" 13708:Lovell, Joseph E. (21 March 2011). 13640:The Rise of Evo Morales and the MAS 13117:"Ciudadano ilustre y honoris causa" 12283:"The globe's top cocaine producers" 12103:Latin American Politics and Society 12015:Latin American Politics and Society 11487:from the original on 16 August 2006 11481:"Footballing president breaks nose" 11306: 10207: 9177:Blair, Laurence (3 December 2017). 8855: 8744: 8709: 8664: 8442:from the original on 22 August 2016 8399:Andres Schipani (13 October 2014). 8376:. Deutsche Welle. 13 October 2014. 8221:from the original on 13 August 2019 7994:from the original on 1 January 2015 6810:"Bolivia papers condemn racism law" 6122:"The explosive apex of Evo's power" 5031:"Evo Morales Has Plans for Bolivia" 3907:honorary degree, 13 September 2018. 3835:honorary degree, 19 September 2011. 3688: 3054: 2418:American Convention on Human Rights 2056:2011 military intervention in Libya 1999:Second presidential term: 2009–2014 1536: 998:cause, speaking at a conference in 737:house, and he grew up speaking the 13: 16823:People expelled from public office 13643:. London and New York: Zed Books. 13538:. London and New York: Zed Books. 11837:Albro, Robert (22 November 2019). 11816:HLS Clinical and Pro Bono Programs 11573:"'Evo Fashion' arrives in Bolivia" 11378:Layme, Beatriz (6 February 2016). 9787:. 20 November 2019. Archived from 9040:Valdez, Carlos (7 November 2019). 9002: 8652:from the original on 13 April 2019 6128:. 10 December 2009. Archived from 3943:honorary degree, 27 February 2019. 3925:honorary degree, 15 November 2018. 3853:honorary degree, 18 November 2014. 3799:honorary degree, 1 September 2010. 3709:honorary degree, 20 December 2008. 2562:Plurinational Legislative Assembly 2371:Plurinational Legislative Assembly 2284:Plurinational Legislative Assembly 2216:On the basis of this victory, the 2194:Plurinational Constitutional Court 2180:Third presidential term: 2014–2019 1843:Bolivia's four eastern departments 1614:ALBA and international appearances 1491:First presidential term: 2006–2009 1414:1970 Chilean presidential election 1212:Morales came to an agreement with 1032:Revolutionary Nationalist Movement 14: 16874: 16863:United Left (Bolivia) politicians 16828:People from Sud Carangas Province 16753:Bolivian people of Aymara descent 16728:Anti-imperialism in South America 16718:21st-century Bolivian politicians 16713:20th-century Bolivian politicians 15823:Internationalist–defencist schism 14254:Law of the Rights of Mother Earth 14005:collected news and commentary at 13943: 13919:"Chavez acts over US-Bolivia row" 13911:"Bolivia tells US envoy to leave" 13556:Journal of Latin American Studies 8622:from the original on 2 April 2019 8247:. 17 October 2011. Archived from 6459:Population and Development Review 5843:. 28 January 2006. Archived from 3979:honorary degree, 30 October 2020. 3977:Universidad Nacional de las Artes 3905:National University of Entre Ríos 3889:honorary degree, 7 November 2015. 3871:honorary degree, 6 November 2015. 3658:Honorary Order of the Yellow Star 3138: 2706:Morales with Brazilian Prezident 1736:Morales with Brazilian President 1658:as a terrorist for launching the 1406:general election in December 2005 1332:was plotting to assassinate him. 1227:December 1999 municipal elections 1086: 951:Causachun coca! Wañuchun yanquis! 581:that year's presidential election 16675: 16663: 16651: 15888: 15730: 15721: 15720: 15703: 14449: 14438: 14437: 14184: 13843:. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. 13728:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 13664:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 13437: 13415: 13393: 13371: 13349: 13327: 13301: 13275: 13263:. gettyimages. 19 September 2011 13253: 13231: 13205: 13179: 13157: 13135: 13109: 13087: 13065: 13039: 13017: 12995: 12973: 12947: 12935:from the original on 24 May 2020 12907: 12853: 12799: 12770: 12741: 12712: 12683: 12654: 12625: 12603: 12556: 12534: 12509: 12495: 12481: 12459: 12433: 12419: 12344: 12289: 12275: 12253: 12233: 12211: 12184: 12170: 12156: 12131: 12090: 12043: 12002: 11955: 11904: 11878: 11856: 11830: 11804: 11778: 11606:from the original on 8 July 2018 11565: 11517:from the original on 6 July 2011 11513:(in Spanish). 27 November 2009. 11499: 11473: 11427: 11402: 11371: 11341: 11052: 11048:(in Spanish). 29 September 2020. 11034: 11004: 10982: 10964: 10946: 10928: 10910: 10892: 10874: 10856: 10826: 10799: 10748: 10730: 10712: 10694: 10690:(in Spanish). 11 September 2020. 10676: 10658: 10639: 10621: 10603: 10589: 10563: 10537: 10511: 10485: 10458: 10403: 10376: 10350: 10324: 10298: 10266: 10240: 10181: 10157:Evo Morale (11 December 2020). 10150: 10124: 10098: 10072: 10023: 9999: 9981: 9963: 9938: 9773: 9747: 9721: 9699: 9685: 9652: 9625: 9603: 9543: 9496: 9441: 9385: 9376: 9321: 9291: 9287:(in Spanish). 28 September 2020. 9273: 9269:(in Spanish). 29 September 2020. 9255: 9224: 9204: 9189: 9170: 9121: 9107: 9095:from the original on 10 May 2018 9062: 9048: 9033: 9014: 8946: 8918: 8890: 8801: 8775: 8602: 8572: 8546: 8513: 8484: 8454: 8423: 8392: 8366: 8340: 8310: 8292: 8233: 8207: 8084: 8072:from the original on 24 May 2014 8058: 8006: 7976: 7945: 7914: 7852: 7688: 6824: 6802: 6665: 6619: 6576: 6554: 6479: 6446: 5829: 3965: 3947: 3929: 3911: 3893: 3875: 3857: 3839: 3821: 3817:honorary degree, 11 August 2011. 3803: 3785: 3781:honorary degree, 25 August 2010. 3767: 3749: 3731: 3713: 3695: 3663: 3649: 3624: 3611: 3587: 3573: 3548: 3534: 3529:Nicaraguan highest distinction. 3509: 3496: 3491:Venezuelan highest distinction. 3471: 3457: 3152: 2644:2021 Bolivian regional elections 2585: 2539:Resignation and political asylum 2443: 2416:, stated that the clause in the 1926:Office of Transition Initiatives 1873:November, the Assembly approved 1727: 1722:Bolivian State Petroleum Company 1454:South African Presidency in 1994 871: 862: 757: 748: 597:, reduced its dependence on the 488:activist who served as the 65th 415: 15860:Reformist–revolutionary dispute 14565:President pro tempore of UNASUR 14043: 13613:. New York City. Archived from 13462: 9117:. Al Jazeera. 24 February 2016. 9021:Dube, Ryan (19 February 2016). 8680:Collyns, Dan (16 August 2018). 7895:Chomsky, Noam (2 August 2013). 6585:"Evo sustituirá el Bonosol por" 5592: 5276:Allen, Greg (4 December 2023). 5269: 4239: 3797:National University of San Juan 3745:honorary degree, 28 April 2010. 3727:honorary degree, 28 April 2009. 3725:National University of La Plata 2866:, to enable it to convert into 2714:, Buenos Aires, 24 January 2023 2504:, by the Argentinian newspaper 2476:Organization of American States 2410:Organization of American States 2204:Morales with Iranian President 2095:Union of South American Nations 2052:2008 U.S. presidential election 1950:Union of South American Nations 1938:Drug Enforcement Administration 1895:referendum on recalling Morales 1859:referendum on regional autonomy 1808:(1600 meters squared) of coca. 1596:Free Trade Area of the Americas 1154:Acción Democrática Nacionalista 925:elections, before implementing 477:[xwanˈeβomoˈɾalesˈajma] 168:President pro tempore of UNASUR 14589:President pro tempore of CELAC 14154:Raid on the Hotel Las Américas 10577:(in Spanish). 12 February 2021 10338:(in Spanish). 15 December 2020 10254:(in Spanish). 15 December 2020 9874:. al Jazeera. 12 November 2019 9695:(in Spanish). 15 October 2020. 9091:. BBC News. 22 February 2016. 8789:(in Spanish). 15 November 2019 6505:10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.021 5599:Gustafson, Bret Darin (2020). 4017: 3990:Domestic policy of Evo Morales 3961:honorary degree, 11 July 2019. 3763:honorary degree, 31 July 2010. 3743:National University of Comahue 3707:Universidad Pública de El Alto 3568:Peruvian highest distinction. 3504:Order of Augusto César Sandino 2626:The election of MAS candidate 2577:Post-presidency (2019–present) 2566:2020 Bolivian general election 2458:2019 Bolivian political crisis 2450:2019 Bolivian general election 2355:2016 referendum on term limits 2334:2019 Bolivian political crisis 2071:genetically modified organisms 1412:'s successful campaign in the 1248:In the Andean High Plateau, a 1233:Cochabamba protests: 2000–2002 633:that established Bolivia as a 587:Once elected president in 2005 458:Fourth Ingavi Cavalry Regiment 126:President pro tempore of CELAC 1: 16853:Socialism of the 21st century 16743:Bolivian Christian socialists 16733:Anti-Zionism in South America 16114:Socialism of the 21st century 14717:José María Pérez de Urdininea 14259:Framework Law of Mother Earth 14225:Socialism of the 21st century 14113:vote of confidence referendum 13767:Economic and Political Weekly 12926:Plurinational Electoral Organ 12892:Plurinational Electoral Organ 12869:Plurinational Electoral Organ 12838:Plurinational Electoral Organ 12815:Plurinational Electoral Organ 12786:Plurinational Electoral Organ 12757:Plurinational Electoral Organ 12728:Plurinational Electoral Organ 12699:Plurinational Electoral Organ 12670:Plurinational Electoral Organ 12641:Plurinational Electoral Organ 12613:(in Spanish). 13 October 2020 12299:. reuters.com. Archived from 12097:Sánchez-Sibony, Omar (2021). 10978:(in Spanish). 24 August 2020. 10960:(in Spanish). 16 August 2020. 10942:(in Spanish). 16 August 2020. 10906:(in Spanish). 31 August 2020. 10888:(in Spanish). 31 August 2020. 10762:(in Spanish). 19 August 2020. 10744:(in Spanish). 10 August 2020. 10726:(in Spanish). 10 August 2020. 10708:(in Spanish). 23 August 2020. 10617:(in Spanish). 18 August 2020. 10499:(in Spanish). 12 January 2021 9231:Ramos, Daniel (29 May 2019). 9058:. Reuters. 26 September 2015. 8534:Collyns, Dan (24 June 2016). 8350:. CubaNews. 13 October 2014. 6356:, pp. 114–115, 124–125; 4207:. BBC News. 17 October 2019. 4147:. BBC News. 13 October 2014. 4005: 3995:Foreign policy of Evo Morales 3761:Universidad Privada del Valle 3581:Order of the Star of Carabobo 3421:Plurinational Electoral Organ 2886:Personality and personal life 2662:proclaimed Rodolfo Meyer and 2482:Re-evaluation of OAS findings 1336:Rise to prominence: 2003–2005 1150:Nationalist Democratic Action 1092:ASP, IPSP, and MAS: 1995–1999 980:Rural Area Mobile Patrol Unit 798:Morales served his mandatory 16534:Party of European Socialists 15992:Negative and positive rights 14409:(new presidential residence) 13969:Resources in other libraries 13536:Bolivia: Processes of Change 13097:(in Spanish). HOYBOLIVIA.COM 12981:"Ya somos cuatro en el ALBA" 12068:10.1080/13510347.2013.738864 12009:Cameron, Maxwell A. (2018). 10996:(in Spanish). Archived from 10224:(in Spanish). Archived from 9848:. BBC News. 13 November 2019 9425:. Reuters. 23 October 2019. 9166:. Reuters. 28 November 2017. 8839:BBC News (2 November 2014). 8586:(in Spanish). Archived from 8510:; retrieved 18 October 2014. 8217:. BBC News. 15 August 2011. 6284:, pp. 180–181, 187–189. 4069: 3851:National University of Salta 2765:Statutory rape investigation 2696:Bartolina Sisa Confederation 2634:One day after new president 2523:and Diego Escobari from the 1710:South American Energy Summit 1521:South Africa under apartheid 1038:– MNR) won the election and 919:Unidad Democrática y Popular 915:Democratic and Popular Union 721:, on 26 October 1959, to an 717:, part of western Bolivia's 23:, the first or paternal 7: 13879:Webber, Jeffrey R. (2011). 13786:. Cambridge: Polity Press. 13681:Latin American Perspectives 12491:(in Spanish). 29 July 2020. 12429:(in Spanish). 29 July 2020. 12263:(in Spanish). 17 March 2019 12221:(in Spanish). November 2008 11761:Crabtree & Chaplin 2013 11749:Crabtree & Chaplin 2013 11713:Crabtree & Chaplin 2013 9728:Newman, Ed (28 July 2021). 8185:Crabtree & Chaplin 2013 8173:Crabtree & Chaplin 2013 8016:. Al Jazeera. 4 July 2013. 7921:Nathan Gill (5 July 2013). 7734:Crabtree & Chaplin 2013 7271:Crabtree & Chaplin 2013 3983: 3869:Sapienza University of Rome 3644:Cuban highest distinction. 3078:links with the coca farming 2733: 2546:Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador 2472:protests across the country 2400:Bolivian Electoral Tribunal 2042:Following the victories of 1920:After it was revealed that 1634:and President of Venezuela 1588:International Monetary Fund 1572:financial crisis of 2007–08 1426:Social and Democratic Power 1330:Central Intelligence Agency 1138:Partido Comunista Boliviano 623:Bolivia's eastern provinces 603:International Monetary Fund 10: 16879: 14422:← Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé 13979:Ministry of the Presidency 13658:Kozloff, Nicholas (2008). 13632:. Germany: SPIEGEL-Verlag. 12566:(in Spanish). 11 July 2012 12180:. BBC News. 10 March 2011. 11483:. BBC News. 31 July 2006. 9761:(in Spanish). 28 July 2021 9613:(in Spanish). Página Siete 9011:Reuters, 25 September 2015 7988:United Press International 6812:. BBC News. 7 October 2010 3815:Renmin University of China 2447: 2388:2019 presidential election 2358: 2331: 2190:2009 Bolivian constitution 2033:financial transactions tax 1973:referendum in January 2009 1785:International Workers' Day 1608:Forest Stewardship Council 1483: 1404:, preparing Bolivia for a 1321:U.S. Department of Justice 1297:2002 presidential election 1146:national elections of 1997 1134:Communist Party of Bolivia 503:multinational corporations 18: 16616: 16583: 16557: 16549:Young European Socialists 16512: 16127: 16084: 15897: 15886: 15786: 15716: 15701: 15624:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada 15585:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada 15390:Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas 14690: 14686: 14631: 14622: 14610: 14605: 14595: 14586: 14578: 14571: 14562: 14554: 14549: 14542: 14532: 14522: 14499:for President of Bolivia 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14416: 14383: 14335: 14302: 14233: 14200: 14193: 14182: 14101:constitutional referendum 14064: 14051: 13964:Resources in your library 13819:10.1080/01436590701591838 13569:10.1017/s0022216x06002069 13053:(in Spanish). 21 May 2016 12888:atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo 12865:atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo 12834:atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo 12811:atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo 12782:atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo 12753:atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo 12724:atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo 12695:atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo 12666:atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo 12637:atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo 11181:Philip & Panizza 2011 11169:Philip & Panizza 2011 9634:"Un fake news al desnudo" 8999:Vice President of Bolivia 8980:La Razón, 6 November 2015 8270:Philip & Panizza 2011 8068:. BBC News. 19 May 2014. 7289:, pp. 182, 218–219; 6859:, pp. 115–116, 121; 6589:Agencia de Noticias Fides 6358:Philip & Panizza 2011 5602:Bolivia in the age of gas 4593:Philip & Panizza 2011 4106:Philip & Panizza 2011 3439: 3416: 3274: 3246: 3164: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3125: 3122: 3062:competitive authoritarian 2708:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 2594:This article needs to be 2237:World Health Organization 2118:2014 Israel–Gaza conflict 2037:climate change mitigation 2013:gold-copper mine San José 1913:dictator responsible for 1486:Presidency of Evo Morales 1040:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada 1028:the 1993 general election 957:General Secretary of the 923:representative democratic 657:. Following the disputed 554:, denouncing these as an 494:its indigenous population 462: 454: 446: 436: 428: 423: 411: 398: 388: 378: 368: 334: 329: 325: 315: 305: 294: 284: 274: 263: 249: 239: 227: 216: 208: 196: 184: 173: 166: 154: 142: 131: 124: 112: 98: 84: 73: 65: 61: 49: 42: 15947:Environmental protection 15650:Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé 15169:José Luis Tejada Sorzano 14614:Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé 14483:Party political offices 14472:Offices and distinctions 14159:2011 indigenous protests 13722:Muñoz-Pogossian, Betilde 13693:10.1177/0094582X06286848 12542:"A república da cocaína" 12323:"World Drug Report 2020" 11737:Farthing & Kohl 2014 11665:Farthing & Kohl 2014 11301:Farthing & Kohl 2014 11237:Farthing & Kohl 2014 11201:Farthing & Kohl 2014 8995:26 December 2015 at the 8556:. BBC. 6 February 2016. 8500:18 December 2016 at the 8202:Farthing & Kohl 2014 8169:Farthing & Kohl 2014 8157:Farthing & Kohl 2014 8145:Farthing & Kohl 2014 8121:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7847:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7796:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7780:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7764:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7647:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7627:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7579:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7539:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7487:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7463:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7427:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7371:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7335:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7291:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7259:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7207:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7175:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7163:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7151:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7139:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7127:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7099:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7087:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7075:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7051:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7024:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7012:Farthing & Kohl 2014 7000:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6988:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6973:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6949:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6913:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6901:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6885:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6873:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6773:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6761:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6725:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6697:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6614:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6549:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6441:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6429:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6417:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6401:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6377:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6258:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6226:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6206:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6194:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6167:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6155:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6093:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6081:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6065:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6038:Farthing & Kohl 2014 6009:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5993:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5961:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5933:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5918:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5901:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5889:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5812:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5709:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5689:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5673:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5638:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5455:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5220:Farthing & Kohl 2014 5096:Farthing & Kohl 2014 4628:, pp. 40–41, 57–58. 4189:Farthing & Kohl 2014 4121:Farthing & Kohl 2014 4010: 3543:Order of the Sun of Peru 2855:representative democracy 2710:and Argentine President 2552:prosecutors for alleged 2258:New presidential offices 1398:Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé 1198:Nueva Fuerza Republicana 1126:Corte Nacional Electoral 1122:National Electoral Court 1002:, and also traveling to 627:a 2008 recall referendum 513:(MAS) party since 1998. 16544:Socialist International 16019:Revolutionary socialism 14276:Law Against Racism 2010 13716:. Digital Journal, Inc. 13493:"From Coca To Congress" 13337:. recherche.univ-pau.fr 12197:The Wall Street Journal 9509:The Journal of Politics 9027:The Wall Street Journal 8976:18 October 2019 at the 2929:, to adopt the role of 2646:. In four departments ( 2533:University of Salamanca 2174:hydrocarbon exploration 2017:Chilean mining accident 1630:, President of Ecuador 1402:transitional government 1048:economic liberalization 990:militia could launch a 885:, a traditional Andean 821:(Presidential Palace). 700:Early life and activism 392:Dionisio Morales Choque 382:Evaliz Morales Alvarado 56:Official portrait, 2018 16104:Evolutionary socialism 14831:José Miguel de Velasco 14774:José Miguel de Velasco 14748:José Miguel de Velasco 14726:José Miguel de Velasco 14582:Salvador Sánchez Cerén 14536:Movement for Socialism 14495:Movement for Socialism 14407:Casa Grande del Pueblo 14108:2007 Cochabamba unrest 13167:(in Spanish). Pagina12 12890:(in Spanish). La Paz: 12867:(in Spanish). La Paz: 12836:(in Spanish). La Paz: 12813:(in Spanish). La Paz: 12784:(in Spanish). La Paz: 12755:(in Spanish). La Paz: 12726:(in Spanish). La Paz: 12697:(in Spanish). La Paz: 12668:(in Spanish). La Paz: 12639:(in Spanish). La Paz: 11962:Weyland, Kurt (2013). 9484:Cite journal requires 7792:Friedman-Rudovsky 2009 7679:Friedman-Rudovsky 2009 3466:Order of the Liberator 3395:Movement for Socialism 3367:Movement for Socialism 3339:Movement for Socialism 3311:Movement for Socialism 3283:Movement for Socialism 3255:Movement for Socialism 3002: 2902:Morales is ethnically 2899: 2817: 2715: 2631: 2521:University of Oklahoma 2454:2019 Bolivian protests 2367:Movement for Socialism 2347: 2276:Casa Grande del Pueblo 2271: 2268:Casa Grande del Pueblo 2213: 2134: 2113: 2020: 1964: 1890: 1780: 1740: 1687:South-South conference 1680:Native American groups 1639: 1626:, President of Brasil 1499: 1400:became president of a 1345: 1276: 1176: 1018: 727:postpartum haemorrhage 690:democratic backsliding 511:Movement for Socialism 484:organizer, and former 473:Spanish pronunciation: 373:Movement for Socialism 211:Movement for Socialism 149:Salvador Sánchez Cerén 16833:Presidents of Bolivia 16039:Social market economy 15977:Left-wing nationalism 15803:Frankfurt Declaration 15559:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 15403:Alfredo Ovando Candía 15364:Alfredo Ovando Candía 15338:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 15312:Víctor Paz Estenssoro 15286:Mamerto Urriolagoitía 15143:Carlos Blanco Galindo 15117:Felipe Segundo Guzmán 15091:José Gutiérrez Guerra 14796:Mariano Enrique Calvo 14708:Antonio José de Sucre 14680:Presidents of Bolivia 14169:term limit referendum 14164:2019 political crisis 13806:Third World Quarterly 13637:Harten, Sven (2011). 11980:10.1353/jod.2013.0045 11933:10.1353/jod.2021.0034 8288:. Constitute Project. 7285:, pp. 213, 219; 7253:, pp. 210, 212; 5509:, pp. 140, 151; 5282:National Public Radio 4707:, pp. 43–44, 49. 3012:democratic socialists 3000: 2931:First Lady of Bolivia 2893: 2812: 2705: 2675:Luis Fernando Camacho 2625: 2573:procedures breached. 2394:violations under the 2341: 2265: 2203: 2186:2014 general election 2132: 2111: 2006: 1980:2009 general election 1958: 1888: 1774: 1735: 1621: 1603:extractive industries 1517:Beatriz Canedo Patiño 1495: 1480:President (2006–2019) 1464:where he was crowned 1424:and his center-right 1391:Comite Pro Santa Cruz 1369:. He was replaced by 1350:Bolivian gas conflict 1343: 1270: 1166: 1017:, flag of the Aymara. 1012: 976:Villa Tunari massacre 927:neoliberal capitalist 921:– UDP) took power in 469:Juan Evo Morales Ayma 447:Years of service 384:Álvaro Morales Peredo 339:Juan Evo Morales Ayma 16539:Progressive Alliance 16094:Democratic socialism 15798:Age of Enlightenment 15494:Lidia Gueiler Tejada 15234:Gualberto Villarroel 15130:Hernando Siles Reyes 14844:Manuel Isidoro Belzu 14761:Andrés de Santa Cruz 14625:President of Bolivia 14310:Cochabamba Water War 14135:autonomy referendums 14120:2007 miners' protest 14084:Constituent Assembly 14057:President of Bolivia 13617:on 13 December 2009. 12983:(in Spanish). GRANMA 11968:Journal of Democracy 11921:Journal of Democracy 11653:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 11329:on 27 September 2008 11195:, pp. 159–161; 11135:, pp. 222, 232. 9461:10.2139/ssrn.3621475 9135:. 18 December 2016. 8878:on 27 September 2019 7521:, pp. 134, 139. 7369:, pp. 133–140; 7365:, pp. 182–183; 7361:, pp. 221–222; 7329:, pp. 220–221; 7249:, pp. 182–183; 7247:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 6799:, pp. 123, 127. 6375:, pp. 124–125; 6107:, pp. 133–134; 6007:, pp. 203–204; 5979:, pp. 180–181; 5975:, pp. 199–203; 5703:, pp. 117–118; 5687:, pp. 156–157; 5634:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 5581:, pp. 155–158; 5575:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 5559:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 5529:, pp. 150–151; 5525:, pp. 179–180; 5523:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 5479:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 5453:, pp. 142–145; 5447:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 5381:, pp. 137–139; 5375:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 5361:, pp. 101–103; 5355:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 5313:, pp. 164–167; 5311:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 5204:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 5110:, pp. 107, 117. 5094:, pp. 112–118; 4907:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 4082:Muñoz-Pogossian 2008 3833:University of Havana 3541:Grand Collar of the 3464:Grand Collar of the 3440:Award or decoration 2993:Influence and legacy 2968:association football 2876:radical conservative 2751:Congressional pardon 2740:Kawsachun Coca radio 2738:On 12 January 2021, 2365:Morales' party, the 2310:Toribio Ticona Porco 2224:Andrés de Santa Cruz 1758:traditional medicine 1418:Álvaro García Linera 1308:for the first time. 1302:political opposition 1194:New Republican Force 573:Cochabamba Water War 490:president of Bolivia 93:Álvaro García Linera 68:President of Bolivia 16803:Left-wing populists 16394:Liebknecht (father) 15870:Revolutions of 1848 14489:New political party 14094:autonomy referendum 13905:. 10 December 2009. 13883:. Haymarket Books. 13519:(7 December 2009). 13403:(in Spanish). UNTDF 13219:on 1 September 2010 12961:on 10 December 2011 12928:. 2019. p. 2. 12285:. 7 September 2016. 12116:10.1017/lap.2020.35 11818:. 22 September 2020 11694:, pp. 157–158. 11441:on 24 October 2023. 11386:. La Paz, Bolivia. 11147:, pp. 154–165. 10924:. 5 September 2020. 10922:Diario Los Americas 10228:on 15 December 2020 9995:. 18 December 2019. 9977:. 18 December 2019. 9791:on 21 November 2019 9709:(in Spanish). erbol 9200:. Associated Press. 9044:. Associated Press. 8872:Diario Pagina Siete 8618:. 10 January 2019. 8590:on 26 December 2019 8493:(14 October 2014). 8468:. 13 October 2014. 8324:. 13 October 2014. 8251:on 13 December 2011 8135:, pp. 216–225. 8046:. 30 September 2019 7605:, pp. 184–185. 7389:, pp. 127–128. 7349:, pp. 132–133. 7317:, pp. 219–220. 7237:, pp. 111–124. 7117:, pp. 181–182. 7101:, pp. 133–134. 7077:, pp. 135–136. 7041:, pp. 119–200. 6975:, pp. 124–125. 6763:, pp. 107–108. 6739:, pp. 123–124. 6677:lapatriaenlinea.com 6616:, pp. 101–102. 6431:, pp. 109–110. 6379:, pp. 104–105. 6360:, pp. 143–145. 6344:, pp. 114–115. 6111:, pp. 205–206. 5876:, pp. 179–180. 5847:on 28 December 2013 5794:, pp. 214–215. 5782:, pp. 146–147. 5497:, pp. 148–149. 5437:, pp. 141–142. 5397:, pp. 103–104. 5365:, pp. 122–124. 5345:, pp. 122–123. 5321:, pp. 118–124. 5317:, pp. 99–103; 5297:, pp. 95, 98; 3619:Order of José Martí 3105:Brazilian magazine 3038:Pragmatic socialism 3001:Evo Morales in 2017 2927:Esther Morales Ayma 2910:, a Mexican of the 2868:a socialist society 2761:a chance to speak. 2664:Adriana Salvatierra 2490:Journal of Politics 2423:Samuel Doria Medina 2292:Diario Pagina Siete 1989:Chamber of Deputies 1863:Manfred Reyes Villa 1706:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 1666:and called for the 1652:UN General Assembly 829:activism: 1978–1983 635:plurinational state 629:, and instituted a 522:subsistence farmers 252:Chamber of Deputies 16793:Cocalero activists 16738:Aymara politicians 16608:Types of socialism 16597:The Internationale 16029:Social corporatism 15880:Welfare capitalism 15546:Hernán Siles Zuazo 15325:Hernán Siles Zuazo 15208:Carlos Quintanilla 14883:José María de Achá 14870:José María Linares 14606:Political offices 14288:grounding incident 14008:The New York Times 13123:on 18 October 2012 12447:on 26 October 2020 12407:on 26 October 2020 12028:10.1017/lap.2018.3 11359:on 6 February 2016 11022:on 21 October 2020 11000:on 22 August 2020. 10994:www.paginasiete.bo 10787:on 19 October 2020 10549:www.paginasiete.bo 10523:www.paginasiete.bo 10222:www.paginasiete.bo 10193:www.paginasiete.bo 10013:The New York Times 9591:. 27 February 2020 9556:The New York Times 9075:The New York Times 8960:. 14 October 2014. 8934:. 14 November 2019 8171:, pp. 52–54; 7927:Bloomberg Business 6775:, pp. 58, 65. 6472:10.1111/padr.12270 6083:, pp. 85, 87. 5959:, pp. 77–78; 5656:, pp. 88–89; 5258:, pp. 86–87; 5090:, pp. 82–83; 5062:, pp. 89–90; 4695:, pp. 43, 65. 4591:, pp. 40–41; 4442:, pp. 34–35; 4359:, pp. 33–34; 3129:Party or alliance 3003: 2900: 2808:Political ideology 2716: 2632: 2570:Human Rights Watch 2497:The New York Times 2348: 2272: 2214: 2135: 2114: 2090:David Choquehuanca 2021: 1984:biometric registry 1969:state of emergency 1965: 1891: 1875:a new constitution 1781: 1779:of shoeshine boys. 1741: 1660:War in Afghanistan 1640: 1346: 1277: 1214:David Añez Pedraza 1177: 1030:when the centrist 1019: 911:Hernán Siles Zuazo 663:the ensuing unrest 639:Re-elected in 2009 505:. Ideologically a 311:Valentín Gutiérrez 290:Asterio Villarroel 259:circumscription 27 16639: 16638: 16109:Liberal socialism 16099:Ethical socialism 15875:Utopian socialism 15813:Godesberg Program 15808:French Revolution 15744: 15743: 15712: 15711: 15221:Enrique Peñaranda 15104:Bautista Saavedra 15065:Eliodoro Villazón 15039:José Manuel Pando 14896:Mariano Melgarejo 14739:Pedro Blanco Soto 14646: 14645: 14641: 14640: 14632:Succeeded by 14596:Succeeded by 14550:Diplomatic posts 14523:Succeeded by 14464: 14463: 14401:Sport Boys Warnes 14298: 14297: 14079:2009 Constitution 13950:Library resources 13871:978-1-900039-99-4 13850:978-0-230-62305-7 13756:978-1-900039-99-4 13735:978-0-230-60819-1 13671:978-0-230-61754-4 13650:978-1-84813-523-9 13545:978-1-78032-377-0 13503:on 5 January 2016 13483:978-1-900039-99-4 13193:on 29 August 2010 10958:El Pais (Bolivia) 10844:on 24 August 2020 10086:. 27 October 2020 9668:faculty.utrgv.edu 9455:. Rochester, NY. 9399:. 26 October 2019 9335:on 5 October 2020 9309:on 5 October 2020 8906:. 14 October 2019 8648:. 11 April 2019. 8491:Ellie Mae O'Hagan 8204:, pp. 52–54. 8159:, pp. 54–55. 8147:, pp. 51–52. 8098:. 1 August 2014. 7782:, pp. 75–76. 7649:, pp. 50–51. 7629:, pp. 50–51. 7373:, pp. 47–49. 7293:, pp. 41–42. 7273:, pp. 23–24. 7261:, pp. 39–40. 6492:World Development 6320:, pp. 68–69. 6308:, pp. 58–61. 6208:, pp. 91–92. 6011:, pp. 74–75. 5983:, pp. 80–81. 5814:, pp. 35–36. 5660:, pp. 1, 70. 5612:978-1-4780-1252-8 5246:, pp. 94–96. 5222:, pp. 11–12. 5182:, pp. 95–96. 5158:, pp. 84–85. 5122:, pp. 83–84. 5078:, pp. 89–90. 5000:, pp. 81–82. 4948:, pp. 79–80. 4835:, pp. 47–49. 4811:, pp. 45–47. 4784:, pp. 44–45. 4772:, pp. 97–99. 4748:, pp. 74–77. 4595:, pp. 76–77. 4579:, pp. 40–41. 4498:, pp. 37–38. 4399:, pp. 36–37. 4383:, pp. 62–63. 4039:Enrique Peñaranda 3779:Hansei University 3686: 3685: 3433:Honors and awards 3430: 3429: 3116:Electoral history 2728:Omasuyos province 2712:Alberto Fernández 2618:Return to Bolivia 2615: 2614: 2232:Ellie Mae O'Hagan 2210:Third GECF summit 2125:Domestic protests 2103:Sport Boys Warnes 2064:Nobel Peace Prize 1868:In July 2006, an 1777:shining the shoes 1703:Iranian President 1544:natural resources 1476:for his victory. 1437:absolute majority 1288:political class. 1142:National Congress 678:indigenous rights 647:Bank of the South 613:'s Venezuela and 536:in 1978. Growing 509:, he has led the 466: 465: 394:María Ayma Mamani 245:Party established 105:Eduardo Rodríguez 16870: 16723:Anti-Americanism 16680: 16679: 16668: 16667: 16666: 16656: 16655: 16654: 16647: 16631:Socialism portal 16621:Economics portal 16517: 16399:Liebknecht (son) 16164:Batlle y Ordóñez 16132: 16087: 15962:Internationalism 15942:Environmentalism 15892: 15791: 15781: 15779:Social democracy 15771: 15764: 15757: 15748: 15747: 15734: 15733: 15724: 15723: 15707: 15687: 15674: 15661: 15648: 15635: 15622: 15609: 15596: 15583: 15572:Jaime Paz Zamora 15570: 15557: 15544: 15531: 15518: 15507:Luis García Meza 15505: 15492: 15479: 15466: 15453: 15440: 15427: 15416:Juan José Torres 15414: 15401: 15388: 15375: 15362: 15349: 15336: 15323: 15310: 15297: 15284: 15271: 15258: 15245: 15232: 15219: 15206: 15193: 15180: 15167: 15156:Daniel Salamanca 15154: 15141: 15128: 15115: 15102: 15089: 15076: 15063: 15050: 15037: 15026:Severo Fernández 15024: 15013:Mariano Baptista 15011: 14998: 14987:Gregorio Pacheco 14985: 14972: 14959: 14946: 14935:Adolfo Ballivián 14933: 14920: 14907: 14894: 14881: 14868: 14855: 14842: 14829: 14818:Eusebio Guilarte 14816: 14803: 14794: 14787:Sebastián Ágreda 14785: 14772: 14759: 14746: 14737: 14724: 14715: 14706: 14697: 14688: 14687: 14673: 14666: 14659: 14650: 14649: 14619: 14611:Preceded by 14579:Preceded by 14555:Preceded by 14480: 14479: 14468: 14467: 14453: 14452: 14441: 14440: 14220:Plurinationalism 14198: 14197: 14188: 14038: 14031: 14024: 14015: 14014: 13983: 13938: 13930: 13922: 13914: 13906: 13894: 13875: 13854: 13830: 13797: 13785: 13775: 13760: 13739: 13717: 13704: 13675: 13654: 13633: 13618: 13599: 13580: 13549: 13530: 13512: 13510: 13508: 13499:. Archived from 13487: 13457: 13456: 13454: 13452: 13441: 13435: 13434: 13432: 13430: 13419: 13413: 13412: 13410: 13408: 13397: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13386: 13375: 13369: 13368: 13366: 13364: 13353: 13347: 13346: 13344: 13342: 13331: 13325: 13324: 13322: 13320: 13313:news.uniroma1.it 13305: 13299: 13298: 13296: 13294: 13289:on 12 April 2021 13279: 13273: 13272: 13270: 13268: 13257: 13251: 13250: 13248: 13246: 13235: 13229: 13228: 13226: 13224: 13209: 13203: 13202: 13200: 13198: 13183: 13177: 13176: 13174: 13172: 13161: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13150: 13139: 13133: 13132: 13130: 13128: 13113: 13107: 13106: 13104: 13102: 13091: 13085: 13084: 13082: 13080: 13069: 13063: 13062: 13060: 13058: 13043: 13037: 13036: 13034: 13032: 13021: 13015: 13014: 13012: 13010: 12999: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12988: 12977: 12971: 12970: 12968: 12966: 12951: 12945: 12944: 12942: 12940: 12934: 12919: 12911: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12898: 12879: 12877: 12875: 12857: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12844: 12825: 12823: 12821: 12803: 12797: 12796: 12794: 12792: 12774: 12768: 12767: 12765: 12763: 12745: 12739: 12738: 12736: 12734: 12716: 12710: 12709: 12707: 12705: 12687: 12681: 12680: 12678: 12676: 12658: 12652: 12651: 12649: 12647: 12629: 12623: 12622: 12620: 12618: 12607: 12601: 12600: 12598: 12596: 12585: 12576: 12575: 12573: 12571: 12560: 12554: 12553: 12551: 12549: 12538: 12532: 12531: 12529: 12527: 12521: 12513: 12507: 12506: 12499: 12493: 12492: 12485: 12479: 12478: 12476: 12474: 12463: 12457: 12456: 12454: 12452: 12437: 12431: 12430: 12423: 12417: 12416: 12414: 12412: 12397: 12391: 12390: 12389:. 15 March 2017. 12377: 12371: 12370: 12368: 12366: 12356: 12348: 12342: 12341: 12339: 12337: 12327: 12319: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12308: 12293: 12287: 12286: 12279: 12273: 12272: 12270: 12268: 12257: 12251: 12250: 12246:Business Insider 12237: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12226: 12215: 12209: 12208: 12206: 12204: 12188: 12182: 12181: 12174: 12168: 12167: 12160: 12154: 12153: 12151: 12149: 12135: 12129: 12128: 12118: 12094: 12088: 12087: 12047: 12041: 12040: 12030: 12006: 12000: 11999: 11959: 11953: 11952: 11913:Smith, Amy Erica 11908: 11902: 11901: 11899: 11897: 11882: 11876: 11875: 11873: 11871: 11860: 11854: 11853: 11851: 11849: 11834: 11828: 11827: 11825: 11823: 11808: 11802: 11801: 11799: 11797: 11782: 11776: 11770: 11764: 11758: 11752: 11746: 11740: 11734: 11728: 11722: 11716: 11710: 11695: 11689: 11680: 11674: 11668: 11662: 11656: 11650: 11644: 11634: 11628: 11622: 11616: 11615: 11613: 11611: 11595: 11589: 11588: 11586: 11584: 11579:on 15 March 2008 11569: 11563: 11557: 11551: 11545: 11539: 11533: 11527: 11526: 11524: 11522: 11503: 11497: 11496: 11494: 11492: 11477: 11471: 11461: 11455: 11449: 11443: 11442: 11437:. Archived from 11431: 11425: 11424: 11422: 11420: 11406: 11400: 11399: 11397: 11395: 11375: 11369: 11368: 11366: 11364: 11345: 11339: 11338: 11336: 11334: 11313: 11304: 11298: 11292: 11286: 11280: 11270: 11264: 11258: 11252: 11246: 11240: 11234: 11228: 11222: 11216: 11210: 11204: 11190: 11184: 11178: 11172: 11166: 11160: 11154: 11148: 11142: 11136: 11130: 11124: 11118: 11112: 11106: 11100: 11090: 11084: 11078: 11072: 11071: 11069: 11067: 11062:. 22 August 2020 11056: 11050: 11049: 11038: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11027: 11008: 11002: 11001: 10986: 10980: 10979: 10968: 10962: 10961: 10950: 10944: 10943: 10932: 10926: 10925: 10914: 10908: 10907: 10896: 10890: 10889: 10878: 10872: 10871: 10860: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10849: 10830: 10824: 10823: 10821: 10819: 10803: 10797: 10796: 10794: 10792: 10773: 10764: 10763: 10752: 10746: 10745: 10734: 10728: 10727: 10716: 10710: 10709: 10698: 10692: 10691: 10680: 10674: 10673: 10662: 10656: 10655: 10643: 10637: 10636: 10635:. 7 August 2020. 10625: 10619: 10618: 10607: 10601: 10600: 10593: 10587: 10586: 10584: 10582: 10567: 10561: 10560: 10558: 10556: 10541: 10535: 10534: 10532: 10530: 10515: 10509: 10508: 10506: 10504: 10489: 10483: 10482: 10480: 10478: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10451: 10436: 10427: 10426: 10424: 10422: 10407: 10401: 10400: 10398: 10396: 10380: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10354: 10348: 10347: 10345: 10343: 10328: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10317: 10302: 10296: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10270: 10264: 10263: 10261: 10259: 10244: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10233: 10214: 10205: 10204: 10202: 10200: 10185: 10179: 10178: 10172: 10170: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10143: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10117: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10091: 10076: 10070: 10069: 10067: 10065: 10050: 10044: 10043: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10003: 9997: 9996: 9985: 9979: 9978: 9967: 9961: 9960: 9958: 9956: 9942: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9931: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9890: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9864: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9853: 9842: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9807: 9801: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9777: 9771: 9770: 9768: 9766: 9751: 9745: 9744: 9742: 9740: 9725: 9719: 9718: 9716: 9714: 9703: 9697: 9696: 9689: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9678: 9665: 9656: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9645: 9629: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9607: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9596: 9581: 9575: 9574: 9572: 9570: 9547: 9541: 9540: 9515:(4): 2202–2215. 9500: 9494: 9493: 9487: 9482: 9480: 9472: 9454: 9445: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9434: 9415: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9389: 9383: 9380: 9374: 9373: 9371: 9369: 9354: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9325: 9319: 9318: 9316: 9314: 9295: 9289: 9288: 9277: 9271: 9270: 9259: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9248: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9215: 9208: 9202: 9201: 9193: 9187: 9186: 9174: 9168: 9167: 9160: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9125: 9119: 9118: 9111: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9085: 9079: 9078: 9066: 9060: 9059: 9052: 9046: 9045: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9018: 9012: 9006: 9000: 8987: 8981: 8968: 8962: 8961: 8950: 8944: 8943: 8941: 8939: 8922: 8916: 8915: 8913: 8911: 8894: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8883: 8864: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8848: 8836: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8822: 8805: 8799: 8798: 8796: 8794: 8779: 8773: 8772: 8770: 8768: 8763:. 18 August 2018 8753: 8742: 8741: 8739: 8737: 8720: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8702: 8677: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8657: 8638: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8595: 8576: 8570: 8569: 8567: 8565: 8550: 8544: 8543: 8531: 8525: 8524: 8517: 8511: 8488: 8482: 8481: 8479: 8477: 8458: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8447: 8427: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8396: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8385: 8370: 8364: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8344: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8314: 8308: 8307: 8296: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8279: 8273: 8267: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8256: 8237: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8226: 8211: 8205: 8199: 8188: 8182: 8176: 8166: 8160: 8154: 8148: 8142: 8136: 8130: 8124: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8036: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8010: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7938: 7918: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7892: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7871:on 24 March 2015 7867:. 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Archived from 5026: 5020: 5010: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4965: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4922: 4904: 4898: 4892: 4883: 4873: 4867: 4861: 4848: 4842: 4836: 4830: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4794: 4785: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4749: 4743: 4732: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4669: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4611: 4596: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4562: 4556: 4550: 4539: 4533: 4527: 4517: 4511: 4505: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4473: 4467: 4457: 4451: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4416: 4406: 4400: 4390: 4384: 4370: 4364: 4354: 4348: 4338: 4332: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4283: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4243: 4237: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4201: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4141: 4124: 4118: 4109: 4103: 4097: 4091: 4085: 4079: 4063: 4058:Presented on an 4056: 4047: 4021: 3971: 3969: 3968: 3953: 3951: 3950: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3917: 3915: 3914: 3899: 3897: 3896: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3863: 3861: 3860: 3845: 3843: 3842: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3791: 3789: 3788: 3773: 3771: 3770: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3737: 3735: 3734: 3719: 3717: 3716: 3701: 3699: 3698: 3689:Honorary degrees 3669: 3667: 3666: 3653: 3630: 3628: 3627: 3615: 3593: 3591: 3590: 3577: 3560:19 October 2010 3554: 3552: 3551: 3538: 3521:11 January 2007 3515: 3513: 3512: 3500: 3477: 3475: 3474: 3461: 3437: 3436: 3154: 3140: 3120: 3119: 3055:Authoritarianism 3016:social democrats 2935:Juan del Granado 2821: 2610: 2607: 2601: 2589: 2588: 2581: 2464:general election 2149:Bolivia's police 2048:Democratic Party 2009:Sebastián Piñera 1879:a two-term limit 1829:being YPFB head 1537:Economic program 1503: 1410:Salvador Allende 1046:", implementing 961:Union: 1984–1994 903:Luis García Meza 875: 866: 800:military service 761: 752: 719:Oruro Department 686:environmentalism 682:anti-imperialism 631:new constitution 534:Chapare Province 479: 474: 424:Military service 419: 407: 352: 348: 346: 330:Personal details 321:Seat established 318: 308: 299: 287: 277: 268: 242: 232: 199: 187: 178: 157: 145: 136: 115: 101: 89: 78: 54: 40: 39: 16878: 16877: 16873: 16872: 16871: 16869: 16868: 16867: 16748:Bolivian exiles 16688: 16687: 16686: 16674: 16664: 16662: 16652: 16650: 16642: 16640: 16635: 16626:Politics portal 16612: 16579: 16553: 16513: 16508: 16128: 16123: 16085: 16080: 16044:Socialist state 15987:Nationalization 15905:Civil liberties 15893: 15884: 15787: 15782: 15777: 15775: 15745: 15740: 15708: 15699: 15698: 15685: 15672: 15659: 15646: 15633: 15620: 15607: 15594: 15581: 15568: 15555: 15542: 15529: 15516: 15503: 15490: 15481:Alberto Natusch 15477: 15464: 15451: 15438: 15425: 15412: 15399: 15386: 15377:René Barrientos 15373: 15360: 15351:René Barrientos 15347: 15334: 15321: 15308: 15295: 15282: 15273:Enrique Hertzog 15269: 15256: 15243: 15230: 15217: 15204: 15191: 15178: 15165: 15152: 15139: 15126: 15113: 15100: 15087: 15074: 15061: 15048: 15035: 15022: 15009: 14996: 14983: 14974:Narciso Campero 14970: 14957: 14944: 14931: 14918: 14909:Agustín Morales 14905: 14892: 14879: 14866: 14853: 14840: 14827: 14814: 14801: 14792: 14783: 14770: 14757: 14744: 14735: 14722: 14713: 14704: 14695: 14682: 14677: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14628: 14620: 14617: 14616: 14601: 14592: 14584: 14568: 14560: 14539: 14528: 14501: 14498: 14473: 14465: 14460: 14412: 14379: 14331: 14325:Coca in Bolivia 14294: 14250:Climate change 14246:Catholic Church 14241:Domestic policy 14229: 14189: 14180: 14060: 14047: 14042: 13981: 13975: 13974: 13973: 13958: 13957: 13953: 13946: 13941: 13897: 13891: 13872: 13851: 13794: 13757: 13736: 13714:Digital Journal 13672: 13651: 13596: 13546: 13506: 13504: 13484: 13465: 13460: 13450: 13448: 13443: 13442: 13438: 13428: 13426: 13421: 13420: 13416: 13406: 13404: 13399: 13398: 13394: 13384: 13382: 13377: 13376: 13372: 13362: 13360: 13355: 13354: 13350: 13340: 13338: 13333: 13332: 13328: 13318: 13316: 13307: 13306: 13302: 13292: 13290: 13281: 13280: 13276: 13266: 13264: 13259: 13258: 13254: 13244: 13242: 13237: 13236: 13232: 13222: 13220: 13211: 13210: 13206: 13196: 13194: 13185: 13184: 13180: 13170: 13168: 13163: 13162: 13158: 13148: 13146: 13141: 13140: 13136: 13126: 13124: 13115: 13114: 13110: 13100: 13098: 13093: 13092: 13088: 13078: 13076: 13071: 13070: 13066: 13056: 13054: 13045: 13044: 13040: 13030: 13028: 13023: 13022: 13018: 13008: 13006: 13001: 13000: 12996: 12986: 12984: 12979: 12978: 12974: 12964: 12962: 12953: 12952: 12948: 12938: 12936: 12932: 12917: 12913: 12912: 12908: 12896: 12894: 12882: 12873: 12871: 12859: 12858: 12854: 12842: 12840: 12828: 12819: 12817: 12805: 12804: 12800: 12790: 12788: 12776: 12775: 12771: 12761: 12759: 12747: 12746: 12742: 12732: 12730: 12718: 12717: 12713: 12703: 12701: 12689: 12688: 12684: 12674: 12672: 12660: 12659: 12655: 12645: 12643: 12631: 12630: 12626: 12616: 12614: 12609: 12608: 12604: 12594: 12592: 12587: 12586: 12579: 12569: 12567: 12562: 12561: 12557: 12547: 12545: 12544:(in Portuguese) 12540: 12539: 12535: 12525: 12523: 12519: 12515: 12514: 12510: 12501: 12500: 12496: 12487: 12486: 12482: 12472: 12470: 12465: 12464: 12460: 12450: 12448: 12439: 12438: 12434: 12425: 12424: 12420: 12410: 12408: 12399: 12398: 12394: 12386:TheGuardian.com 12379: 12378: 12374: 12364: 12362: 12354: 12350: 12349: 12345: 12335: 12333: 12325: 12321: 12320: 12316: 12306: 12304: 12303:on 15 July 2016 12295: 12294: 12290: 12281: 12280: 12276: 12266: 12264: 12259: 12258: 12254: 12249:. 8 March 2017. 12239: 12238: 12234: 12224: 12222: 12217: 12216: 12212: 12202: 12200: 12189: 12185: 12176: 12175: 12171: 12162: 12161: 12157: 12147: 12145: 12137: 12136: 12132: 12095: 12091: 12056:Democratization 12048: 12044: 12007: 12003: 11960: 11956: 11909: 11905: 11895: 11893: 11883: 11879: 11869: 11867: 11862: 11861: 11857: 11847: 11845: 11835: 11831: 11821: 11819: 11810: 11809: 11805: 11795: 11793: 11783: 11779: 11771: 11767: 11759: 11755: 11747: 11743: 11735: 11731: 11723: 11719: 11711: 11698: 11690: 11683: 11675: 11671: 11663: 11659: 11651: 11647: 11635: 11631: 11623: 11619: 11609: 11607: 11596: 11592: 11582: 11580: 11571: 11570: 11566: 11558: 11554: 11546: 11542: 11534: 11530: 11520: 11518: 11505: 11504: 11500: 11490: 11488: 11479: 11478: 11474: 11466:, p. 218; 11462: 11458: 11450: 11446: 11433: 11432: 11428: 11418: 11416: 11408: 11407: 11403: 11393: 11391: 11376: 11372: 11362: 11360: 11347: 11346: 11342: 11332: 11330: 11315: 11314: 11307: 11299: 11295: 11287: 11283: 11275:, p. 215; 11271: 11267: 11259: 11255: 11247: 11243: 11235: 11231: 11223: 11219: 11211: 11207: 11191: 11187: 11179: 11175: 11167: 11163: 11155: 11151: 11143: 11139: 11131: 11127: 11119: 11115: 11107: 11103: 11095:, p. 210; 11091: 11087: 11079: 11075: 11065: 11063: 11058: 11057: 11053: 11040: 11039: 11035: 11025: 11023: 11010: 11009: 11005: 10988: 10987: 10983: 10976:Brujula Digital 10970: 10969: 10965: 10952: 10951: 10947: 10934: 10933: 10929: 10916: 10915: 10911: 10898: 10897: 10893: 10880: 10879: 10875: 10862: 10861: 10857: 10847: 10845: 10832: 10831: 10827: 10817: 10815: 10804: 10800: 10790: 10788: 10775: 10774: 10767: 10754: 10753: 10749: 10736: 10735: 10731: 10718: 10717: 10713: 10700: 10699: 10695: 10682: 10681: 10677: 10664: 10663: 10659: 10644: 10640: 10627: 10626: 10622: 10609: 10608: 10604: 10595: 10594: 10590: 10580: 10578: 10569: 10568: 10564: 10554: 10552: 10543: 10542: 10538: 10528: 10526: 10517: 10516: 10512: 10502: 10500: 10491: 10490: 10486: 10476: 10474: 10471:Opinión Bolivia 10463: 10459: 10449: 10447: 10438: 10437: 10430: 10420: 10418: 10409: 10408: 10404: 10394: 10392: 10389:Opinión Bolivia 10381: 10377: 10367: 10365: 10356: 10355: 10351: 10341: 10339: 10330: 10329: 10325: 10315: 10313: 10304: 10303: 10299: 10290: 10288: 10272: 10271: 10267: 10257: 10255: 10246: 10245: 10241: 10231: 10229: 10216: 10215: 10208: 10198: 10196: 10187: 10186: 10182: 10168: 10166: 10155: 10151: 10141: 10139: 10130: 10129: 10125: 10115: 10113: 10103: 10099: 10089: 10087: 10078: 10077: 10073: 10063: 10061: 10051: 10047: 10028: 10024: 10004: 10000: 9987: 9986: 9982: 9969: 9968: 9964: 9954: 9952: 9944: 9943: 9939: 9929: 9927: 9917: 9913: 9903: 9901: 9899:Washington Post 9891: 9887: 9877: 9875: 9866: 9865: 9861: 9851: 9849: 9844: 9843: 9830: 9820: 9818: 9808: 9804: 9794: 9792: 9779: 9778: 9774: 9764: 9762: 9753: 9752: 9748: 9738: 9736: 9726: 9722: 9712: 9710: 9705: 9704: 9700: 9691: 9690: 9686: 9676: 9674: 9663: 9657: 9653: 9643: 9641: 9630: 9626: 9616: 9614: 9609: 9608: 9604: 9594: 9592: 9583: 9582: 9578: 9568: 9566: 9548: 9544: 9501: 9497: 9485: 9483: 9474: 9473: 9452: 9446: 9442: 9432: 9430: 9417: 9416: 9412: 9402: 9400: 9391: 9390: 9386: 9381: 9377: 9367: 9365: 9356: 9355: 9348: 9338: 9336: 9327: 9326: 9322: 9312: 9310: 9297: 9296: 9292: 9279: 9278: 9274: 9261: 9260: 9256: 9246: 9244: 9229: 9225: 9210: 9209: 9205: 9194: 9190: 9175: 9171: 9162: 9161: 9152: 9142: 9140: 9127: 9126: 9122: 9113: 9112: 9108: 9098: 9096: 9087: 9086: 9082: 9067: 9063: 9054: 9053: 9049: 9038: 9034: 9019: 9015: 9007: 9003: 8997:Wayback Machine 8988: 8984: 8978:Wayback Machine 8969: 8965: 8952: 8951: 8947: 8937: 8935: 8924: 8923: 8919: 8909: 8907: 8896: 8895: 8891: 8881: 8879: 8866: 8865: 8856: 8846: 8844: 8837: 8830: 8820: 8818: 8807: 8806: 8802: 8792: 8790: 8781: 8780: 8776: 8766: 8764: 8755: 8754: 8745: 8735: 8733: 8722: 8721: 8710: 8700: 8698: 8678: 8665: 8655: 8653: 8640: 8639: 8635: 8625: 8623: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8593: 8591: 8578: 8577: 8573: 8563: 8561: 8552: 8551: 8547: 8532: 8528: 8519: 8518: 8514: 8502:Wayback Machine 8489: 8485: 8475: 8473: 8460: 8459: 8455: 8445: 8443: 8428: 8424: 8414: 8412: 8405:Financial Times 8397: 8393: 8383: 8381: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8357: 8355: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8331: 8329: 8316: 8315: 8311: 8298: 8297: 8293: 8285: 8281: 8280: 8276: 8268: 8264: 8254: 8252: 8239: 8238: 8234: 8224: 8222: 8213: 8212: 8208: 8200: 8191: 8183: 8179: 8167: 8163: 8155: 8151: 8143: 8139: 8131: 8127: 8119: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8090: 8089: 8085: 8075: 8073: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8049: 8047: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8012: 8011: 8007: 7997: 7995: 7990:. 3 July 2013. 7982: 7981: 7977: 7967: 7965: 7958:Huffington Post 7950: 7946: 7936: 7934: 7919: 7915: 7905: 7903: 7893: 7884: 7874: 7872: 7857: 7853: 7845: 7838: 7830: 7826: 7818: 7814: 7806: 7802: 7790: 7786: 7778:, p. 156; 7774: 7770: 7762: 7755: 7747: 7740: 7732: 7728: 7720: 7716: 7708: 7701: 7693: 7689: 7677: 7673: 7665:, p. 185; 7661:, p. 226; 7657: 7653: 7645:, p. 153; 7641:, p. 226; 7637: 7633: 7625:, p. 153; 7621:, p. 185; 7617:, p. 226; 7613: 7609: 7601: 7597: 7589: 7585: 7577:, p. 153; 7573:, p. 112; 7569:, p. 183; 7565:, p. 223; 7561: 7557: 7549: 7545: 7537:, p. 183; 7533:, p. 223; 7529: 7525: 7517: 7513: 7505:, p. 169; 7501:, p. 222; 7497: 7493: 7485:, p. 139; 7481:, p. 169; 7473: 7469: 7461: 7457: 7449: 7445: 7437: 7433: 7425:, p. 132; 7421:, p. 222; 7417: 7413: 7405:, p. 169; 7401:, p. 222; 7397: 7393: 7385:, p. 221; 7381: 7377: 7357: 7353: 7345: 7341: 7333:, p. 125; 7325: 7321: 7313: 7309: 7301: 7297: 7281: 7277: 7269: 7265: 7257:, p. 181; 7245: 7241: 7233: 7229: 7221:, p. 212; 7217: 7213: 7201:, p. 210; 7197: 7193: 7185: 7181: 7173: 7169: 7161: 7157: 7149: 7145: 7137: 7133: 7125: 7121: 7113:, p. 120; 7109: 7105: 7097: 7093: 7085: 7081: 7073: 7069: 7061: 7057: 7049: 7045: 7037: 7030: 7022: 7018: 7010: 7006: 6998: 6994: 6986: 6979: 6971: 6967: 6959: 6955: 6947: 6943: 6935: 6931: 6923: 6919: 6911: 6907: 6899:, p. 165; 6895: 6891: 6883: 6879: 6871: 6867: 6855: 6851: 6841: 6839: 6829: 6825: 6815: 6813: 6808: 6807: 6803: 6795: 6791: 6783: 6779: 6771: 6767: 6759: 6755: 6747: 6743: 6735: 6731: 6723:, p. 123; 6719: 6715: 6707: 6703: 6695: 6691: 6681: 6679: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6658: 6654: 6644: 6642: 6624: 6620: 6612:, p. 200; 6608: 6604: 6594: 6592: 6581: 6577: 6567: 6565: 6560: 6559: 6555: 6547:, p. 198; 6543: 6539: 6484: 6480: 6451: 6447: 6439: 6435: 6427: 6423: 6411: 6407: 6399: 6395: 6387: 6383: 6371: 6364: 6352: 6348: 6340: 6336: 6328: 6324: 6316: 6312: 6304: 6300: 6292: 6288: 6280: 6276: 6268: 6264: 6248: 6244: 6236: 6232: 6216: 6212: 6204: 6200: 6192: 6188: 6180: 6173: 6165: 6161: 6153:, p. 145; 6149: 6145: 6135: 6133: 6132:on 6 April 2015 6120: 6119: 6115: 6103: 6099: 6091: 6087: 6079:, p. 198; 6075: 6071: 6063: 6056: 6048: 6044: 6036: 6027: 6019: 6015: 6003: 5999: 5991: 5987: 5971: 5967: 5955: 5951: 5943: 5939: 5931: 5924: 5916: 5907: 5899: 5895: 5887: 5880: 5872:, p. 195; 5868:, p. 134; 5864: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5835: 5834: 5830: 5822: 5818: 5810:, p. 179; 5806:, p. 195; 5802: 5798: 5790: 5786: 5778: 5774: 5766: 5762: 5750: 5746: 5738: 5731: 5723:, p. 133; 5719: 5715: 5707:, p. 159; 5699: 5695: 5683: 5679: 5675:, pp. 1–2. 5671: 5664: 5652: 5648: 5632: 5628: 5613: 5597: 5593: 5577:, p. 178; 5573: 5569: 5561:, p. 177; 5557: 5553: 5545: 5541: 5521: 5517: 5505: 5501: 5493: 5489: 5481:, p. 175; 5477: 5473: 5465: 5461: 5449:, p. 175; 5445: 5441: 5433: 5429: 5421:, p. 142; 5417: 5413: 5405: 5401: 5393: 5389: 5377:, p. 167; 5373: 5369: 5357:, p. 167; 5353: 5349: 5341: 5337: 5329: 5325: 5309: 5305: 5293: 5289: 5274: 5270: 5262:, p. 158; 5254: 5250: 5242: 5238: 5230: 5226: 5206:, p. 149; 5202: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5178: 5174: 5166: 5162: 5154: 5150: 5142: 5138: 5130: 5126: 5118: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5086: 5082: 5074: 5070: 5058: 5054: 5044: 5042: 5041:on 3 March 2015 5027: 5023: 5011: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4984: 4980: 4972: 4968: 4956: 4952: 4944: 4940: 4932: 4925: 4905: 4901: 4893: 4886: 4874: 4870: 4862: 4851: 4843: 4839: 4831: 4827: 4819: 4815: 4807: 4803: 4795: 4788: 4780: 4776: 4768: 4764: 4756: 4752: 4744: 4735: 4727: 4723: 4715: 4711: 4703: 4699: 4691: 4687: 4679: 4672: 4660: 4656: 4648: 4644: 4636: 4632: 4624: 4620: 4612: 4599: 4587: 4583: 4575: 4571: 4563: 4559: 4551: 4542: 4534: 4530: 4518: 4514: 4506: 4502: 4494: 4490: 4474: 4470: 4458: 4454: 4438: 4434: 4426: 4419: 4407: 4403: 4391: 4387: 4371: 4367: 4355: 4351: 4339: 4335: 4319: 4315: 4307: 4303: 4295: 4286: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4228: 4224: 4214: 4212: 4203: 4202: 4195: 4187: 4183: 4175: 4164: 4154: 4152: 4143: 4142: 4127: 4119: 4112: 4104: 4100: 4092: 4088: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4067: 4066: 4057: 4050: 4025:Muñoz-Pogossian 4022: 4018: 4013: 4008: 3986: 3966: 3964: 3948: 3946: 3930: 3928: 3912: 3910: 3894: 3892: 3876: 3874: 3858: 3856: 3840: 3838: 3822: 3820: 3804: 3802: 3786: 3784: 3768: 3766: 3750: 3748: 3732: 3730: 3714: 3712: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3664: 3662: 3625: 3623: 3588: 3586: 3549: 3547: 3510: 3508: 3472: 3470: 3435: 3425:Electoral Atlas 3200:Pachakuti Axis 3118: 3074: 3057: 3040: 2995: 2888: 2823: 2819: 2810: 2796:Washington Post 2767: 2753: 2736: 2691:Civic Community 2620: 2611: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2541: 2484: 2460: 2446: 2384: 2363: 2357: 2336: 2330: 2318:Palacio Quemado 2260: 2219:Financial Times 2182: 2165:a protest march 2127: 2001: 1961:Dmitry Medvedev 1930:Philip Goldberg 1915:state terrorism 1889:Morales in 2008 1845:of Santa Cruz, 1839: 1751:free. By 2009, 1730: 1695:Muammar Gaddafi 1668:UN Headquarters 1616: 1539: 1533:as indigenous. 1505: 1501: 1493: 1488: 1482: 1446:president-elect 1432:for Venezuela. 1383:Nestor Kirchner 1338: 1258:White Bolivians 1235: 1096:Members of the 1094: 1089: 963: 933:As part of the 893: 892: 891: 890: 878: 877: 876: 868: 867: 831: 818:Palacio Quemado 775: 774: 773: 772: 764: 763: 762: 754: 753: 739:Aymara language 707: 702: 550:as part of the 472: 405: 393: 383: 369:Political party 353: 350: 349:26 October 1959 344: 342: 341: 340: 316: 306: 300: 295: 285: 275: 269: 264: 254: 240: 234: 228: 223: 197: 185: 179: 174: 155: 143: 137: 132: 113: 106: 99: 85: 79: 74: 57: 45: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 16876: 16866: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16850: 16845: 16840: 16835: 16830: 16825: 16820: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16750: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16730: 16725: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16685: 16684: 16672: 16660: 16637: 16636: 16634: 16633: 16628: 16623: 16617: 16614: 16613: 16611: 16610: 16605: 16600: 16593: 16587: 16585: 16581: 16580: 16578: 16577: 16572: 16567: 16561: 16559: 16555: 16554: 16552: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16520: 16518: 16510: 16509: 16507: 16506: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16401: 16396: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16346: 16341: 16336: 16331: 16326: 16321: 16316: 16311: 16306: 16301: 16296: 16291: 16286: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16266: 16261: 16256: 16251: 16246: 16241: 16236: 16231: 16226: 16221: 16216: 16211: 16206: 16201: 16196: 16191: 16186: 16181: 16176: 16171: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16135: 16133: 16125: 16124: 16122: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16090: 16088: 16082: 16081: 16079: 16078: 16073: 16068: 16063: 16058: 16057: 16056: 16051: 16041: 16036: 16034:Social justice 16031: 16026: 16021: 16016: 16015: 16014: 16009: 15999: 15994: 15989: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15934: 15933: 15932: 15927: 15925:Representative 15922: 15917: 15907: 15901: 15899: 15895: 15894: 15887: 15885: 15883: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15851: 15850: 15845: 15835: 15833:Labor movement 15830: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15794: 15792: 15784: 15783: 15774: 15773: 15766: 15759: 15751: 15742: 15741: 15739: 15738: 15728: 15717: 15714: 15713: 15710: 15709: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15696: 15683: 15670: 15657: 15644: 15631: 15618: 15605: 15592: 15579: 15566: 15553: 15540: 15527: 15520:Celso Torrelio 15514: 15501: 15488: 15475: 15468:Wálter Guevara 15462: 15449: 15436: 15423: 15410: 15397: 15384: 15371: 15358: 15345: 15332: 15319: 15306: 15299:Hugo Ballivián 15293: 15280: 15267: 15254: 15247:Néstor Guillén 15241: 15228: 15215: 15202: 15189: 15176: 15163: 15150: 15137: 15124: 15111: 15098: 15085: 15072: 15059: 15046: 15033: 15020: 15007: 14994: 14981: 14968: 14955: 14942: 14929: 14916: 14903: 14890: 14877: 14864: 14851: 14838: 14825: 14812: 14805:José Ballivián 14799: 14790: 14781: 14768: 14755: 14742: 14733: 14720: 14711: 14702: 14692: 14691: 14684: 14683: 14676: 14675: 14668: 14661: 14653: 14644: 14643: 14639: 14638: 14633: 14630: 14621: 14612: 14608: 14607: 14603: 14602: 14597: 14594: 14585: 14580: 14576: 14575: 14570: 14561: 14558:Mauricio Macri 14556: 14552: 14551: 14547: 14546: 14541: 14534:Leader of the 14530: 14529: 14524: 14521: 14491: 14485: 14484: 14478: 14475: 14474: 14462: 14461: 14459: 14458: 14446: 14433: 14432: 14429:Jeanine Áñez → 14425: 14417: 14414: 14413: 14411: 14410: 14404: 14398: 14391:Esther Morales 14387: 14385: 14381: 14380: 14378: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14351: 14350: 14339: 14337: 14333: 14332: 14330: 14329: 14328: 14327: 14317: 14312: 14306: 14304: 14300: 14299: 14296: 14295: 14293: 14292: 14291: 14290: 14283:Foreign policy 14280: 14279: 14278: 14273: 14271:Juancito Pinto 14268: 14267: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14248: 14237: 14235: 14231: 14230: 14228: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14210: 14204: 14202: 14195: 14191: 14190: 14183: 14181: 14179: 14178: 14177: 14176: 14171: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14150: 14149: 14148: 14147: 14142: 14132: 14122: 14117: 14116: 14115: 14105: 14104: 14103: 14098: 14097: 14096: 14091: 14076: 14070: 14068: 14062: 14061: 14052: 14049: 14048: 14041: 14040: 14033: 14026: 14018: 14012: 14011: 14000: 13995: 13984: 13972: 13971: 13966: 13960: 13959: 13948: 13947: 13945: 13944:External links 13942: 13940: 13939: 13931: 13923: 13915: 13907: 13895: 13890:978-1608461066 13889: 13876: 13870: 13855: 13849: 13831: 13813:(7): 1327–42. 13799: 13798: 13793:978-0745647494 13792: 13774:(23): 2155–58. 13761: 13755: 13740: 13734: 13718: 13705: 13676: 13670: 13655: 13649: 13634: 13619: 13600: 13595:978-0292758681 13594: 13581: 13550: 13544: 13531: 13513: 13488: 13482: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13458: 13436: 13414: 13392: 13370: 13348: 13326: 13300: 13274: 13252: 13241:. imago-images 13230: 13204: 13178: 13156: 13134: 13108: 13086: 13064: 13038: 13016: 12994: 12972: 12946: 12924:(in Spanish). 12922:www.oep.org.bo 12906: 12904: 12903: 12852: 12850: 12849: 12798: 12769: 12740: 12711: 12682: 12653: 12624: 12602: 12591:. 18 July 2012 12577: 12555: 12533: 12508: 12505:. 6 June 2018. 12494: 12480: 12458: 12432: 12418: 12392: 12372: 12343: 12330:wdr.unodc.org/ 12314: 12288: 12274: 12252: 12232: 12210: 12183: 12169: 12166:. 5 June 2018. 12155: 12130: 12109:(1): 118–144. 12089: 12062:(1): 107–136. 12042: 12001: 11954: 11903: 11877: 11855: 11843:Foreign Policy 11829: 11803: 11777: 11775:, p. 229. 11765: 11753: 11751:, p. vii. 11741: 11739:, p. 144. 11729: 11727:, p. 173. 11717: 11696: 11681: 11679:, p. 227. 11669: 11657: 11645: 11639:, p. xv; 11629: 11617: 11590: 11564: 11562:, p. 169. 11552: 11550:, p. 119. 11540: 11538:, p. 111. 11528: 11498: 11472: 11470:, p. 179. 11456: 11444: 11426: 11414:batimes.com.ar 11401: 11370: 11340: 11305: 11293: 11291:, p. 147. 11281: 11279:, p. 167. 11265: 11263:, p. 216. 11253: 11241: 11239:, p. 148. 11229: 11227:, p. 232. 11217: 11205: 11199:, p. 64; 11193:Dunkerley 2007 11185: 11173: 11161: 11159:, p. 217. 11149: 11137: 11125: 11113: 11101: 11085: 11073: 11051: 11033: 11016:paginasiete.bo 11003: 10981: 10963: 10945: 10940:Correo del Sur 10927: 10909: 10904:Correo del Sur 10891: 10873: 10855: 10825: 10798: 10765: 10747: 10742:Noticiasperfil 10729: 10711: 10693: 10675: 10657: 10638: 10620: 10602: 10588: 10562: 10536: 10510: 10484: 10457: 10444:Correo del Sur 10428: 10415:Correo del Sur 10402: 10375: 10362:Correo del Sur 10349: 10323: 10310:Correo del Sur 10297: 10265: 10239: 10206: 10180: 10165:) (in Spanish) 10149: 10123: 10097: 10084:Eurasia Review 10071: 10045: 10022: 9998: 9980: 9962: 9937: 9911: 9885: 9859: 9828: 9802: 9772: 9746: 9734:www.radiohc.cu 9720: 9698: 9684: 9651: 9624: 9602: 9589:The Globe Post 9576: 9542: 9521:10.1086/719639 9495: 9486:|journal= 9440: 9410: 9384: 9375: 9346: 9320: 9290: 9272: 9254: 9223: 9203: 9188: 9169: 9150: 9120: 9106: 9080: 9061: 9047: 9032: 9013: 9001: 8982: 8963: 8945: 8917: 8889: 8854: 8828: 8800: 8774: 8759:(in Spanish). 8743: 8732:. 20 June 2018 8708: 8663: 8633: 8601: 8571: 8545: 8526: 8523:. 25 May 2019. 8512: 8483: 8453: 8422: 8391: 8365: 8339: 8309: 8306:. 21 May 2013. 8291: 8274: 8272:, p. 119. 8262: 8232: 8206: 8189: 8177: 8161: 8149: 8137: 8125: 8113: 8083: 8057: 8044:Democracy Now! 8031: 8005: 7975: 7944: 7913: 7901:In These Times 7882: 7851: 7836: 7832:BBC News 2011b 7824: 7820:BBC News 2011a 7812: 7800: 7784: 7768: 7753: 7751:, p. 154. 7738: 7726: 7724:, p. 228. 7714: 7712:, p. 155. 7699: 7687: 7685:, p. 155. 7671: 7669:, p. 153. 7651: 7631: 7607: 7595: 7593:, p. 184. 7583: 7555: 7553:, p. 223. 7543: 7523: 7511: 7509:, p. 141. 7491: 7475:BBC News 2008b 7467: 7455: 7451:BBC News 2008b 7443: 7439:BBC News 2008a 7431: 7411: 7391: 7375: 7351: 7339: 7319: 7307: 7295: 7275: 7263: 7239: 7227: 7211: 7205:, p. 87; 7191: 7189:, p. 210. 7179: 7167: 7155: 7153:, p. 142. 7143: 7141:, p. 140. 7131: 7129:, p. 141. 7119: 7103: 7091: 7089:, p. 137. 7079: 7067: 7065:, p. 164. 7055: 7053:, p. 133. 7043: 7028: 7026:, p. 128. 7016: 7014:, p. 155. 7004: 6992: 6977: 6965: 6963:, p. 165. 6953: 6951:, p. 121. 6941: 6939:, p. 217. 6929: 6927:, p. 121. 6917: 6915:, p. 102. 6905: 6889: 6877: 6865: 6849: 6823: 6801: 6789: 6787:, p. 126. 6777: 6765: 6753: 6751:, p. 124. 6741: 6729: 6727:, p. 103. 6713: 6711:, p. 123. 6701: 6699:, p. 112. 6689: 6664: 6662:, p. 200. 6652: 6618: 6602: 6575: 6553: 6551:, p. 102. 6537: 6478: 6445: 6443:, p. 109. 6433: 6421: 6419:, p. 110. 6415:, p. 41; 6405: 6403:, p. 105. 6393: 6391:, p. 227. 6381: 6362: 6346: 6334: 6332:, p. 167. 6322: 6310: 6298: 6296:, p. 165. 6286: 6274: 6272:, p. 160. 6262: 6256:, p. 41; 6252:, p. 70; 6242: 6230: 6224:, p. 40; 6220:, p. 63; 6210: 6198: 6186: 6184:, p. 162. 6171: 6159: 6143: 6113: 6105:Dunkerley 2007 6097: 6085: 6069: 6054: 6052:, p. 107. 6042: 6025: 6023:, p. 107. 6013: 5997: 5985: 5965: 5949: 5947:, p. 192. 5937: 5922: 5905: 5893: 5878: 5866:Dunkerley 2007 5858: 5828: 5816: 5796: 5784: 5780:Dunkerley 2007 5772: 5770:, p. 146. 5768:Dunkerley 2007 5760: 5758:, p. 158. 5744: 5742:, p. 160. 5729: 5727:, p. 161. 5721:Dunkerley 2007 5713: 5693: 5677: 5662: 5646: 5626: 5611: 5591: 5585:, p. 88; 5567: 5565:, p. 152. 5551: 5549:, p. 139. 5539: 5533:, p. 88; 5515: 5499: 5487: 5485:, p. 147. 5471: 5469:, p. 146. 5459: 5439: 5427: 5411: 5409:, p. 138. 5399: 5387: 5367: 5347: 5335: 5333:, p. 100. 5323: 5303: 5301:, p. 159. 5287: 5268: 5248: 5236: 5224: 5218:, p. 63; 5214:, p. 87; 5210:, p. 90; 5196: 5194:, p. 102. 5184: 5172: 5170:, p. 117. 5160: 5148: 5136: 5134:, p. 126. 5124: 5112: 5100: 5080: 5068: 5052: 5035:In These Times 5021: 5015:, p. 86; 5002: 4990: 4978: 4966: 4960:, p. 85; 4950: 4938: 4923: 4917:, p. 84; 4913:, p. 79; 4909:, p. 24; 4899: 4884: 4878:, p. 84; 4868: 4849: 4837: 4825: 4813: 4801: 4786: 4774: 4762: 4750: 4733: 4721: 4709: 4697: 4685: 4670: 4668:, p. 109. 4664:, p. 42; 4654: 4652:, p. 109. 4642: 4630: 4618: 4597: 4581: 4569: 4557: 4540: 4528: 4522:, p. 36; 4512: 4500: 4488: 4482:, p. 35; 4476:Blackwell 2002 4468: 4462:, p. 35; 4452: 4446:, p. 37; 4432: 4417: 4411:, p. 34; 4401: 4395:, p. 33; 4385: 4379:, p. 36; 4375:, p. 34; 4365: 4349: 4343:, p. 32; 4333: 4323:, p. 33; 4313: 4301: 4284: 4278:, p. 32; 4264: 4238: 4232:, p. 35; 4222: 4193: 4181: 4162: 4125: 4110: 4098: 4086: 4084:, p. 180. 4073: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4064: 4060:electoral list 4048: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3962: 3944: 3926: 3908: 3890: 3872: 3854: 3836: 3818: 3800: 3782: 3764: 3746: 3728: 3710: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3676: 3673: 3660: 3656:Knight of the 3654: 3646: 3645: 3642: 3637: 3634: 3621: 3616: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3600: 3597: 3584: 3583:, First Class 3578: 3570: 3569: 3566: 3561: 3558: 3545: 3539: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3522: 3519: 3506: 3501: 3493: 3492: 3489: 3484: 3481: 3468: 3462: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3392: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3364: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3336: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3308: 3306: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3280: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3170: 3168: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3142: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3117: 3114: 3073: 3070: 3056: 3053: 3039: 3036: 2994: 2991: 2950:Roman Catholic 2896:Ricardo Patiño 2887: 2884: 2840:anti-globalist 2811: 2809: 2806: 2766: 2763: 2752: 2749: 2735: 2732: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2593: 2591: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2540: 2537: 2516:as fake news. 2483: 2480: 2445: 2442: 2383: 2380: 2356: 2353: 2344:Vladimir Putin 2332:Main article: 2329: 2326: 2259: 2256: 2252:Julian Assange 2248:Nicolás Maduro 2206:Hassan Rouhani 2181: 2178: 2140:general strike 2126: 2123: 2086:forced to land 2082:Edward Snowden 2000: 1997: 1934:Gustavo Guzman 1903:Pando Massacre 1838: 1835: 1831:Santos Ramírez 1729: 1726: 1656:George W. Bush 1615: 1612: 1568:fiscal deficit 1538: 1535: 1511:, and Chile's 1494: 1492: 1489: 1484:Main article: 1481: 1478: 1470:Supreme Leader 1450:Nelson Mandela 1337: 1334: 1234: 1231: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1087:Political rise 1085: 962: 955: 880: 879: 870: 869: 861: 860: 859: 858: 857: 830: 823: 780:Arani province 766: 765: 756: 755: 747: 746: 745: 744: 743: 715:Orinoca Canton 706: 703: 701: 698: 548:eradicate coca 530:Orinoca Canton 464: 463: 460: 459: 456: 452: 451: 448: 444: 443: 438: 437:Branch/service 434: 433: 430: 426: 425: 421: 420: 413: 409: 408: 403:Esther Morales 400: 396: 395: 390: 386: 385: 380: 376: 375: 370: 366: 365: 338: 336: 332: 331: 327: 326: 323: 322: 319: 313: 312: 309: 303: 302: 292: 291: 288: 282: 281: 278: 272: 271: 261: 260: 250:Member of the 247: 246: 243: 237: 236: 235:1 January 1998 230:Assumed office 225: 224: 217: 214: 213: 209:Leader of the 206: 205: 200: 194: 193: 191:Mauricio Macri 188: 182: 181: 171: 170: 164: 163: 158: 152: 151: 146: 140: 139: 129: 128: 122: 121: 116: 110: 109: 102: 96: 95: 90: 87:Vice President 82: 81: 71: 70: 63: 62: 59: 58: 55: 47: 46: 43: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16875: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16849: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16839: 16836: 16834: 16831: 16829: 16826: 16824: 16821: 16819: 16816: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16769: 16766: 16764: 16761: 16759: 16756: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16708:Living people 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16695: 16693: 16683: 16678: 16673: 16671: 16661: 16659: 16649: 16648: 16645: 16632: 16629: 16627: 16624: 16622: 16619: 16618: 16615: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16598: 16594: 16592: 16589: 16588: 16586: 16582: 16576: 16575:United States 16573: 16571: 16568: 16566: 16563: 16562: 16560: 16556: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16515:Organizations 16511: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16407: 16405: 16402: 16400: 16397: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16332: 16330: 16327: 16325: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16315: 16312: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16270: 16267: 16265: 16262: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16245: 16242: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16126: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16091: 16089: 16083: 16077: 16076:Welfare state 16074: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16046: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16013: 16010: 16008: 16005: 16004: 16003: 16000: 15998: 15997:Progressivism 15995: 15993: 15990: 15988: 15985: 15983: 15982:Mixed economy 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15931: 15928: 15926: 15923: 15921: 15918: 15916: 15913: 15912: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15902: 15900: 15896: 15891: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15841: 15840: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15772: 15767: 15765: 15760: 15758: 15753: 15752: 15749: 15737: 15729: 15727: 15719: 15718: 15715: 15706: 15694: 15690: 15684: 15681: 15677: 15671: 15668: 15664: 15658: 15655: 15651: 15645: 15642: 15638: 15632: 15629: 15625: 15619: 15616: 15612: 15611:Jorge Quiroga 15606: 15603: 15599: 15593: 15590: 15586: 15580: 15577: 15573: 15567: 15564: 15560: 15554: 15551: 15547: 15541: 15538: 15534: 15533:Guido Vildoso 15528: 15525: 15521: 15515: 15512: 15508: 15502: 15499: 15495: 15489: 15486: 15482: 15476: 15473: 15469: 15463: 15460: 15456: 15455:David Padilla 15450: 15447: 15443: 15437: 15434: 15430: 15424: 15421: 15417: 15411: 15408: 15404: 15398: 15395: 15391: 15385: 15382: 15378: 15372: 15369: 15365: 15359: 15356: 15352: 15346: 15343: 15339: 15333: 15330: 15326: 15320: 15317: 15313: 15307: 15304: 15300: 15294: 15291: 15287: 15281: 15278: 15274: 15268: 15265: 15261: 15255: 15252: 15248: 15242: 15239: 15235: 15229: 15226: 15222: 15216: 15213: 15209: 15203: 15200: 15196: 15190: 15187: 15183: 15177: 15174: 15170: 15164: 15161: 15157: 15151: 15148: 15144: 15138: 15135: 15131: 15125: 15122: 15118: 15112: 15109: 15105: 15099: 15096: 15092: 15086: 15083: 15079: 15078:Ismael Montes 15073: 15070: 15066: 15060: 15057: 15053: 15052:Ismael Montes 15047: 15044: 15040: 15034: 15031: 15027: 15021: 15018: 15014: 15008: 15005: 15001: 14995: 14992: 14988: 14982: 14979: 14975: 14969: 14966: 14962: 14961:Hilarión Daza 14956: 14953: 14949: 14943: 14940: 14936: 14930: 14927: 14923: 14917: 14914: 14910: 14904: 14901: 14897: 14891: 14888: 14884: 14878: 14875: 14871: 14865: 14862: 14858: 14857:Jorge Córdova 14852: 14849: 14845: 14839: 14836: 14832: 14826: 14823: 14819: 14813: 14810: 14806: 14800: 14797: 14791: 14788: 14782: 14779: 14775: 14769: 14766: 14762: 14756: 14753: 14749: 14743: 14740: 14734: 14731: 14727: 14721: 14718: 14712: 14709: 14703: 14700: 14699:Simón Bolívar 14694: 14693: 14689: 14685: 14681: 14674: 14669: 14667: 14662: 14660: 14655: 14654: 14651: 14636: 14627: 14626: 14615: 14609: 14604: 14600: 14591: 14590: 14583: 14577: 14574: 14567: 14566: 14559: 14553: 14548: 14545: 14540:1998–present 14538: 14537: 14531: 14527: 14520: 14516: 14512: 14508: 14504: 14500: 14496: 14490: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14469: 14457: 14456: 14447: 14445: 14444: 14435: 14434: 14431: 14430: 14426: 14424: 14423: 14419: 14418: 14415: 14408: 14405: 14403:(sports team) 14402: 14399: 14396: 14392: 14389: 14388: 14386: 14382: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14349: 14346: 14345: 14344: 14341: 14340: 14338: 14334: 14326: 14323: 14322: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14307: 14305: 14301: 14289: 14286: 14285: 14284: 14281: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14251: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14243: 14242: 14239: 14238: 14236: 14232: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14215: 14211: 14209: 14208:Bolivarianism 14206: 14205: 14203: 14199: 14196: 14192: 14187: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14166: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14137: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14127: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14114: 14111: 14110: 14109: 14106: 14102: 14099: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14086: 14085: 14082: 14081: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14071: 14069: 14067: 14063: 14058: 14055: 14050: 14046: 14039: 14034: 14032: 14027: 14025: 14020: 14019: 14016: 14010: 14009: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13993: 13988: 13985: 13980: 13977: 13976: 13970: 13967: 13965: 13962: 13961: 13956: 13951: 13936: 13932: 13928: 13924: 13920: 13916: 13912: 13908: 13904: 13903:The Economist 13900: 13896: 13892: 13886: 13882: 13877: 13873: 13867: 13863: 13862: 13856: 13852: 13846: 13842: 13841: 13836: 13835:Sivak, Martín 13832: 13828: 13824: 13820: 13816: 13812: 13808: 13807: 13801: 13800: 13795: 13789: 13784: 13783: 13773: 13769: 13768: 13762: 13758: 13752: 13748: 13747: 13741: 13737: 13731: 13727: 13723: 13719: 13715: 13711: 13706: 13702: 13698: 13694: 13690: 13687:(2): 141–44. 13686: 13682: 13677: 13673: 13667: 13663: 13662: 13656: 13652: 13646: 13642: 13641: 13635: 13631: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13616: 13612: 13611: 13606: 13601: 13597: 13591: 13587: 13582: 13578: 13574: 13570: 13566: 13562: 13558: 13557: 13551: 13547: 13541: 13537: 13532: 13529:. London, UK. 13528: 13527: 13522: 13518: 13517:Carroll, Rory 13514: 13502: 13498: 13497:The Ecologist 13494: 13489: 13485: 13479: 13475: 13474: 13468: 13467: 13446: 13440: 13424: 13418: 13402: 13396: 13380: 13374: 13358: 13352: 13336: 13330: 13314: 13310: 13304: 13288: 13284: 13278: 13262: 13256: 13240: 13234: 13218: 13214: 13208: 13192: 13188: 13182: 13166: 13160: 13144: 13138: 13122: 13118: 13112: 13096: 13090: 13074: 13068: 13052: 13048: 13042: 13026: 13020: 13004: 12998: 12982: 12976: 12960: 12956: 12950: 12931: 12927: 12923: 12916: 12910: 12893: 12889: 12885: 12881: 12880: 12870: 12866: 12862: 12856: 12839: 12835: 12831: 12827: 12826: 12816: 12812: 12808: 12802: 12787: 12783: 12779: 12773: 12758: 12754: 12750: 12744: 12729: 12725: 12721: 12715: 12700: 12696: 12692: 12686: 12671: 12667: 12663: 12657: 12642: 12638: 12634: 12628: 12612: 12606: 12590: 12584: 12582: 12565: 12559: 12543: 12537: 12518: 12512: 12504: 12498: 12490: 12484: 12468: 12462: 12446: 12442: 12436: 12428: 12422: 12406: 12402: 12396: 12388: 12387: 12382: 12376: 12360: 12353: 12347: 12331: 12324: 12318: 12302: 12298: 12292: 12284: 12278: 12262: 12256: 12248: 12247: 12242: 12236: 12220: 12214: 12198: 12194: 12187: 12179: 12173: 12165: 12159: 12144: 12143:Freedom House 12140: 12134: 12126: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12108: 12104: 12100: 12093: 12085: 12081: 12077: 12073: 12069: 12065: 12061: 12057: 12053: 12046: 12038: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12020: 12016: 12012: 12005: 11997: 11993: 11989: 11985: 11981: 11977: 11973: 11969: 11965: 11958: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11930: 11926: 11922: 11918: 11914: 11907: 11892: 11888: 11881: 11865: 11859: 11844: 11840: 11833: 11817: 11813: 11807: 11792: 11788: 11781: 11774: 11769: 11763:, p. vi. 11762: 11757: 11750: 11745: 11738: 11733: 11726: 11721: 11715:, p. ix. 11714: 11709: 11707: 11705: 11703: 11701: 11693: 11688: 11686: 11678: 11673: 11666: 11661: 11654: 11649: 11642: 11638: 11633: 11627:, p. xv. 11626: 11621: 11605: 11601: 11594: 11578: 11574: 11568: 11561: 11556: 11549: 11544: 11537: 11532: 11516: 11512: 11508: 11502: 11486: 11482: 11476: 11469: 11465: 11460: 11454:, p. 66. 11453: 11448: 11440: 11436: 11430: 11415: 11411: 11405: 11389: 11385: 11381: 11374: 11358: 11354: 11350: 11344: 11328: 11324: 11323: 11318: 11312: 11310: 11303:, p. 16. 11302: 11297: 11290: 11285: 11278: 11274: 11269: 11262: 11257: 11251:, p. 95. 11250: 11245: 11238: 11233: 11226: 11221: 11214: 11209: 11203:, p. 87. 11202: 11198: 11194: 11189: 11183:, p. 73. 11182: 11177: 11171:, p. 68. 11170: 11165: 11158: 11153: 11146: 11141: 11134: 11129: 11122: 11117: 11111:, p. 40. 11110: 11105: 11099:, p. 65. 11098: 11094: 11089: 11083:, p. 12. 11082: 11077: 11061: 11055: 11047: 11043: 11037: 11021: 11017: 11013: 11007: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10985: 10977: 10973: 10967: 10959: 10955: 10949: 10941: 10937: 10931: 10923: 10919: 10913: 10905: 10901: 10895: 10887: 10883: 10877: 10870:(in Spanish). 10869: 10865: 10859: 10843: 10839: 10835: 10829: 10813: 10809: 10802: 10786: 10782: 10778: 10772: 10770: 10761: 10757: 10751: 10743: 10739: 10733: 10725: 10721: 10715: 10707: 10703: 10697: 10689: 10685: 10679: 10671: 10667: 10661: 10654:(in Spanish). 10653: 10649: 10642: 10634: 10630: 10624: 10616: 10612: 10606: 10598: 10592: 10576: 10572: 10566: 10550: 10546: 10540: 10524: 10520: 10514: 10498: 10494: 10488: 10472: 10468: 10461: 10445: 10441: 10435: 10433: 10416: 10412: 10406: 10390: 10386: 10379: 10363: 10359: 10353: 10337: 10333: 10327: 10311: 10307: 10301: 10287: 10283: 10279: 10275: 10269: 10253: 10249: 10243: 10227: 10223: 10219: 10213: 10211: 10194: 10190: 10184: 10176: 10164: 10160: 10153: 10137: 10133: 10127: 10112: 10108: 10101: 10085: 10081: 10075: 10060: 10059:aljazeera.com 10056: 10049: 10042: 10037: 10033: 10026: 10019: 10015: 10014: 10009: 10002: 9994: 9990: 9984: 9976: 9972: 9966: 9951: 9950:aljazeera.com 9947: 9941: 9926: 9922: 9915: 9900: 9896: 9889: 9873: 9872:aljazeera.com 9869: 9863: 9847: 9841: 9839: 9837: 9835: 9833: 9817: 9813: 9806: 9790: 9786: 9782: 9776: 9760: 9756: 9750: 9735: 9731: 9724: 9708: 9702: 9694: 9688: 9673: 9669: 9662: 9655: 9639: 9635: 9628: 9612: 9606: 9590: 9586: 9580: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9546: 9538: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9518: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9499: 9491: 9478: 9470: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9451: 9444: 9428: 9424: 9420: 9414: 9398: 9394: 9388: 9379: 9363: 9359: 9353: 9351: 9334: 9330: 9324: 9308: 9304: 9300: 9294: 9286: 9282: 9276: 9268: 9264: 9258: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9227: 9219: 9214: 9207: 9199: 9192: 9184: 9180: 9173: 9165: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9124: 9116: 9110: 9094: 9090: 9084: 9076: 9072: 9065: 9057: 9051: 9043: 9036: 9028: 9024: 9017: 9010: 9005: 8998: 8994: 8991: 8986: 8979: 8975: 8972: 8967: 8959: 8955: 8949: 8933: 8932: 8927: 8921: 8905: 8904: 8899: 8893: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8842: 8835: 8833: 8816: 8815: 8810: 8804: 8788: 8784: 8778: 8762: 8758: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8731: 8730: 8725: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8713: 8697: 8693: 8689: 8688: 8683: 8676: 8674: 8672: 8670: 8668: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8637: 8621: 8617: 8616: 8615:The Telegraph 8611: 8605: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8575: 8559: 8555: 8549: 8541: 8537: 8530: 8522: 8516: 8509: 8508: 8503: 8499: 8496: 8492: 8487: 8471: 8467: 8463: 8457: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8426: 8410: 8406: 8402: 8395: 8379: 8375: 8369: 8353: 8349: 8343: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8313: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8284: 8278: 8271: 8266: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8236: 8220: 8216: 8210: 8203: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8187:, p. 18. 8186: 8181: 8175:, p. 17. 8174: 8170: 8165: 8158: 8153: 8146: 8141: 8134: 8129: 8123:, p. 55. 8122: 8117: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8087: 8071: 8067: 8061: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8019: 8015: 8009: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7948: 7932: 7928: 7924: 7917: 7902: 7898: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7855: 7849:, p. 93. 7848: 7843: 7841: 7833: 7828: 7821: 7816: 7809: 7804: 7798:, p. 73. 7797: 7793: 7788: 7781: 7777: 7772: 7766:, p. 51. 7765: 7760: 7758: 7750: 7745: 7743: 7736:, p. 25. 7735: 7730: 7723: 7718: 7711: 7706: 7704: 7696: 7691: 7684: 7680: 7675: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7655: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7635: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7611: 7604: 7599: 7592: 7587: 7581:, p. 41. 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7559: 7552: 7547: 7541:, p. 41. 7540: 7536: 7532: 7527: 7520: 7515: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7495: 7489:, p. 49. 7488: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7471: 7465:, p. 72. 7464: 7459: 7452: 7447: 7440: 7435: 7429:, p. 49. 7428: 7424: 7420: 7415: 7409:, p. 96. 7408: 7404: 7400: 7395: 7388: 7384: 7379: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7360: 7355: 7348: 7343: 7337:, p. 48. 7336: 7332: 7328: 7323: 7316: 7311: 7305:, p. 93. 7304: 7299: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7279: 7272: 7267: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7248: 7243: 7236: 7231: 7225:, p. 96. 7224: 7220: 7215: 7209:, p. 47. 7208: 7204: 7200: 7195: 7188: 7183: 7177:, p. 44. 7176: 7171: 7165:, p. 43. 7164: 7159: 7152: 7147: 7140: 7135: 7128: 7123: 7116: 7112: 7107: 7100: 7095: 7088: 7083: 7076: 7071: 7064: 7059: 7052: 7047: 7040: 7035: 7033: 7025: 7020: 7013: 7008: 7002:, p. 71. 7001: 6996: 6990:, p. 66. 6989: 6984: 6982: 6974: 6969: 6962: 6957: 6950: 6945: 6938: 6933: 6926: 6921: 6914: 6909: 6903:, p. 69. 6902: 6898: 6893: 6887:, p. 69. 6886: 6881: 6875:, p. 68. 6874: 6869: 6863:, p. 92. 6862: 6858: 6853: 6838: 6834: 6827: 6811: 6805: 6798: 6793: 6786: 6781: 6774: 6769: 6762: 6757: 6750: 6745: 6738: 6733: 6726: 6722: 6717: 6710: 6705: 6698: 6693: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6661: 6656: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6622: 6615: 6611: 6606: 6590: 6586: 6579: 6563: 6557: 6550: 6546: 6541: 6533: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6489: 6482: 6473: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6437: 6430: 6425: 6418: 6414: 6409: 6402: 6397: 6390: 6385: 6378: 6374: 6369: 6367: 6359: 6355: 6350: 6343: 6338: 6331: 6326: 6319: 6314: 6307: 6302: 6295: 6290: 6283: 6278: 6271: 6266: 6260:, p. 75. 6259: 6255: 6251: 6246: 6240:, p. 70. 6239: 6234: 6228:, p. 75. 6227: 6223: 6219: 6214: 6207: 6202: 6196:, p. 91. 6195: 6190: 6183: 6178: 6176: 6169:, p. 73. 6168: 6163: 6157:, p. 73. 6156: 6152: 6147: 6131: 6127: 6126:The Economist 6123: 6117: 6110: 6106: 6101: 6095:, p. 98. 6094: 6089: 6082: 6078: 6073: 6067:, p. 87. 6066: 6061: 6059: 6051: 6046: 6040:, p. 85. 6039: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6022: 6017: 6010: 6006: 6001: 5995:, p. 39. 5994: 5989: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5969: 5963:, p. 81. 5962: 5958: 5953: 5946: 5941: 5935:, p. 79. 5934: 5929: 5927: 5920:, p. 99. 5919: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5903:, p. 65. 5902: 5897: 5891:, p. 58. 5890: 5885: 5883: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5862: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5825: 5820: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5800: 5793: 5788: 5781: 5776: 5769: 5764: 5757: 5753: 5748: 5741: 5736: 5734: 5726: 5722: 5717: 5711:, p. 35. 5710: 5706: 5702: 5697: 5690: 5686: 5681: 5674: 5669: 5667: 5659: 5655: 5650: 5644:, p. xv. 5643: 5640:, p. 2; 5639: 5636:, p. 1; 5635: 5630: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5608: 5604: 5603: 5595: 5589:, p. 50. 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5571: 5564: 5560: 5555: 5548: 5543: 5537:, p. 64. 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5519: 5513:, p. 68. 5512: 5508: 5503: 5496: 5491: 5484: 5480: 5475: 5468: 5463: 5457:, p. 14. 5456: 5452: 5448: 5443: 5436: 5431: 5425:, p. 88. 5424: 5420: 5415: 5408: 5403: 5396: 5391: 5385:, p. 80. 5384: 5380: 5376: 5371: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5351: 5344: 5339: 5332: 5327: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5307: 5300: 5296: 5291: 5283: 5279: 5272: 5266:, p. 87. 5265: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5245: 5240: 5234:, p. 87. 5233: 5228: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5200: 5193: 5188: 5181: 5176: 5169: 5164: 5157: 5152: 5146:, p. 84. 5145: 5140: 5133: 5128: 5121: 5116: 5109: 5104: 5098:, p. 11. 5097: 5093: 5089: 5084: 5077: 5072: 5066:, p. 87. 5065: 5061: 5056: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5025: 5019:, p. 60. 5018: 5014: 5009: 5007: 4999: 4994: 4988:, p. 81. 4987: 4982: 4976:, p. 86. 4975: 4970: 4964:, p. 60. 4963: 4959: 4954: 4947: 4942: 4936:, p. 85. 4935: 4930: 4928: 4921:, p. 60. 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4897:, p. 79. 4896: 4891: 4889: 4882:, p. 60. 4881: 4877: 4872: 4866:, p. 84. 4865: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4847:, p. 83. 4846: 4841: 4834: 4829: 4823:, p. 47. 4822: 4817: 4810: 4805: 4799:, p. 45. 4798: 4793: 4791: 4783: 4778: 4771: 4766: 4760:, p. 44. 4759: 4754: 4747: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4731:, p. 58. 4730: 4725: 4719:, p. 52. 4718: 4713: 4706: 4701: 4694: 4689: 4683:, p. 43. 4682: 4677: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4651: 4646: 4640:, p. 41. 4639: 4634: 4627: 4622: 4616:, p. 42. 4615: 4610: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4578: 4573: 4567:, p. 39. 4566: 4561: 4555:, p. 39. 4554: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4538:, p. 63. 4537: 4532: 4526:, p. 39. 4525: 4521: 4516: 4510:, p. 35. 4509: 4504: 4497: 4492: 4486:, p. 37. 4485: 4481: 4477: 4472: 4466:, p. 37. 4465: 4461: 4456: 4450:, p. 63. 4449: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4430:, p. 37. 4429: 4424: 4422: 4415:, p. 40. 4414: 4410: 4405: 4398: 4394: 4389: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4369: 4363:, p. 36. 4362: 4358: 4353: 4347:, p. 35. 4346: 4342: 4337: 4331:, p. 63. 4330: 4327:, p. 7; 4326: 4322: 4317: 4311:, p. 33. 4310: 4305: 4299:, p. 35. 4298: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4282:, p. 35. 4281: 4277: 4273: 4268: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4236:, p. 62. 4235: 4231: 4226: 4210: 4206: 4200: 4198: 4191:, p. 22. 4190: 4185: 4178: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4122: 4117: 4115: 4108:, p. 57. 4107: 4102: 4095: 4090: 4083: 4078: 4074: 4061: 4055: 4053: 4045: 4040: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4016: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3978: 3974: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3909: 3906: 3902: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3837: 3834: 3830: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3801: 3798: 3794: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3747: 3744: 3740: 3729: 3726: 3722: 3711: 3708: 3704: 3693: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3675:10 July 2019 3674: 3672: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599:25 June 2014 3598: 3596: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3438: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3162: 3159: 3158: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3121: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3066:Freedom House 3063: 3052: 3050: 3045: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3008: 2999: 2990: 2988: 2983: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2908:Benito Juárez 2905: 2897: 2892: 2883: 2881: 2880:Felipe Quispe 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2851:mixed economy 2847: 2845: 2841: 2836: 2835:communitarian 2832: 2828: 2822: 2820:– Evo Morales 2816: 2805: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2780: 2777: 2776:María Galindo 2773: 2762: 2759: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2687:Rafael Quispe 2683: 2680: 2679:Carlos Romero 2676: 2672: 2667: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2639: 2637: 2629: 2624: 2609: 2606:February 2023 2597: 2592: 2583: 2582: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2547: 2536: 2534: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2465: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2444:2019 election 2441: 2438: 2433: 2427: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2379: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2352: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2280:Plaza Murillo 2277: 2269: 2264: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2211: 2207: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2177: 2175: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2131: 2122: 2119: 2110: 2106: 2104: 2099: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2005: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1946:Patrick Duddy 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1834: 1832: 1826: 1823: 1817: 1815: 1809: 1807: 1801: 1799: 1793: 1792:again to 58. 1790: 1786: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1759: 1754: 1748: 1746: 1739: 1734: 1728:Social reform 1725: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1611: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1545: 1534: 1531: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1513:Ricardo Lagos 1510: 1509:Lula da Silva 1504: 1498: 1487: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1422:Jorge Quiroga 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1356: 1351: 1348:In 2003, the 1342: 1333: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1293:protest party 1289: 1286: 1282: 1281:Jorge Quiroga 1274: 1269: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254:Felipe Quispe 1251: 1246: 1244: 1243:the Water War 1240: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1159: 1156:– ADN), with 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1073:Lake Titicaca 1070: 1066: 1062: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1044:shock therapy 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1023: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 992:guerrilla war 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 968: 960: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 931: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 899: 888: 884: 874: 865: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 837: 828: 822: 820: 819: 814: 813:David Padilla 810: 806: 801: 796: 794: 788: 785: 781: 770: 760: 751: 742: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 674: 672: 668: 664: 660: 659:2019 election 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 609:, especially 608: 604: 600: 596: 595:mixed economy 592: 591:neoliberalism 588: 584: 582: 578: 574: 569: 565: 561: 560:direct action 557: 553: 549: 545: 544: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 478: 470: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 442: 441:Bolivian Army 439: 435: 431: 427: 422: 418: 414: 410: 404: 401: 397: 391: 387: 381: 377: 374: 371: 367: 364: 360: 356: 351:(age 64) 337: 333: 328: 324: 320: 314: 310: 304: 298: 293: 289: 283: 279: 273: 267: 262: 258: 253: 248: 244: 238: 231: 226: 222: 221: 215: 212: 207: 204: 201: 195: 192: 189: 183: 177: 172: 169: 165: 162: 159: 153: 150: 147: 141: 135: 130: 127: 123: 120: 117: 111: 108: 103: 97: 94: 91: 88: 83: 77: 72: 69: 64: 60: 53: 48: 41: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 16423: 15972:Labor rights 15855:Nordic model 15828:Keynesianism 15693:2020–present 15676:Jeanine Áñez 15662: 15195:Germán Busch 15000:Aniceto Arce 14635:Jeanine Áñez 14623: 14599:Jeanine Áñez 14587: 14572: 14563: 14543: 14533: 14493: 14488: 14448: 14436: 14427: 14420: 14315:Gas conflict 14212: 14044: 14006: 13990: 13982:(in Spanish) 13954: 13902: 13880: 13860: 13839: 13810: 13804: 13781: 13771: 13765: 13745: 13725: 13713: 13684: 13680: 13660: 13639: 13627: 13615:the original 13608: 13585: 13560: 13554: 13535: 13526:The Guardian 13524: 13505:. 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Reuters. 9143:19 December 8847:20 November 8594:22 December 8564:22 February 8476:11 December 8332:11 December 8255:13 December 8133:Webber 2011 7998:29 December 7968:29 December 7808:Lovell 2011 7776:Webber 2011 7749:Webber 2011 7710:Webber 2011 7683:Webber 2011 7667:Webber 2011 7663:Harten 2011 7643:Webber 2011 7623:Webber 2011 7619:Harten 2011 7603:Harten 2011 7591:Harten 2011 7575:Webber 2011 7571:Assies 2011 7567:Harten 2011 7535:Harten 2011 7519:Webber 2011 7507:Webber 2011 7483:Webber 2011 7423:Webber 2011 7407:Webber 2011 7387:Webber 2011 7367:Webber 2011 7363:Harten 2011 7347:Webber 2011 7331:Webber 2011 7303:Assies 2011 7287:Harten 2011 7255:Harten 2011 7235:Webber 2011 7223:Webber 2011 7203:Webber 2011 6861:Webber 2011 6660:Webber 2011 6610:Webber 2011 6545:Webber 2011 6465:: 155–179. 6413:Webber 2011 6254:Webber 2011 6222:Webber 2011 6077:Webber 2011 6021:Webber 2011 5981:Webber 2011 5977:Harten 2011 5957:Webber 2011 5945:Webber 2011 5874:Harten 2011 5824:Gutsch 2006 5808:Harten 2011 5752:Gutsch 2006 5658:Webber 2011 5654:Harten 2011 5642:Pearce 2011 5587:Webber 2011 5583:Harten 2011 5547:Harten 2011 5535:Webber 2011 5531:Harten 2011 5511:Webber 2011 5507:Harten 2011 5423:Harten 2011 5383:Webber 2011 5363:Harten 2011 5343:Harten 2011 5319:Harten 2011 5264:Harten 2011 5232:Harten 2011 5216:Webber 2011 5212:Harten 2011 5192:Harten 2011 5180:Harten 2011 5168:Harten 2011 5132:Harten 2011 5108:Harten 2011 5092:Harten 2011 5076:Harten 2011 5064:Harten 2011 5017:Webber 2011 5013:Harten 2011 4974:Harten 2011 4962:Webber 2011 4958:Harten 2011 4934:Harten 2011 4919:Webber 2011 4915:Harten 2011 4880:Webber 2011 4876:Harten 2011 4864:Harten 2011 4845:Harten 2011 4770:Harten 2011 4746:Harten 2011 4666:Harten 2011 4650:Harten 2011 4565:Harten 2011 4536:Webber 2011 4524:Harten 2011 4496:Harten 2011 4484:Harten 2011 4464:Harten 2011 4448:Webber 2011 4444:Harten 2011 4428:Harten 2011 4413:Harten 2011 4397:Harten 2011 4381:Webber 2011 4377:Harten 2011 4361:Harten 2011 4345:Harten 2011 4329:Webber 2011 4325:Harten 2011 4297:Harten 2011 4280:Harten 2011 4272:Gutsch 2006 4234:Webber 2011 4230:Harten 2011 4177:Harten 2011 4094:Webber 2011 3775:South Korea 3227:United Left 3173:United Left 3083:narco-state 2959:cuchi-cuchi 2917:charismatic 2864:proletariat 2772:quinceañera 2724:Red Ponchos 2426:candidacy. 2208:during the 2015:during the 1942:Peace Corps 1798:LGBT rights 1548:hydrocarbon 1444:. Becoming 1371:Carlos Mesa 1306:Hugo Chávez 1181:Alejo Véliz 1158:Hugo Banzer 1130:United Left 1079:and Peru's 809:Juan Pereda 655:term limits 611:Hugo Chávez 556:imperialist 516:Born to an 482:trade union 317:Preceded by 280:Luis Cutipa 241:Preceded by 186:Preceded by 144:Preceded by 100:Preceded by 44:Evo Morales 16692:Categories 16499:Woodsworth 16324:Hilferding 16184:Betancourt 16174:Ben-Gurion 16049:Capitalism 16024:Secularism 15957:Gradualism 15952:Fair trade 15920:Industrial 15182:David Toro 14629:2006–2019 14569:2018–2019 14395:First Lady 14140:Santa Cruz 14130:Media Luna 14066:Presidency 13563:: 133–66. 12617:26 October 12595:26 October 12570:26 October 12548:26 October 12526:26 October 12473:27 October 12451:27 October 12411:27 October 12365:30 October 12336:27 October 12307:27 October 12267:26 October 12225:26 October 12203:26 October 11848:13 October 11725:Sivak 2011 11583:1 February 11536:Sivak 2010 11464:Sivak 2010 11452:Sivak 2010 11394:6 February 11363:6 February 11273:Sivak 2010 11261:Sivak 2010 11249:Sivak 2010 11093:Sivak 2010 10760:Panam Post 10555:27 January 10529:13 January 10503:13 January 10090:1 November 10064:23 October 9975:Al Jazeera 9713:21 October 9677:21 October 8938:7 December 8910:7 December 8882:7 December 8843:. 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