29:
264:
Eumenes’ revolt was met with staunch opposition, coming not only from the Romans but also from the surrounding Greek cities. Indeed, in the earlier stages of the revolt, much of the conflict came against the Greek cities of the
Anatolian coast. According to Strabo, Eumenes successfully convinced
304:
whom he referred to as 'heliopolitae'. It was the serfs, who comprised most of the workers in the interior, who were more receptive to his message; his ideals failed to take hold in cities, where the slaves were concentrated. However the extent to which he was a social revolutionary or simply a
349:. The consul had prior experience with putting down slave revolts in Sicily, and the Romans reaped the rewards of this experience as Perperna, according to Justinus, subdued Eumenes in their first encounter. Though the location of this encounter is disputed, it is thought to be
237:
in particular eager to take advantage of this gift to fund his ambitious land reforms. As a result of the turmoil that stemmed from
Gracchus encroaching on the prerogative of the Senate by attempting to use his power as the
305:
dynastic contender to the throne is uncertain, with desperation rather than a genuine desire at reform perhaps motivating his offer of freedom. Nevertheless, he initially found success in the interior, seizing
242:
to allocate the bequest to the funding of his new laws, the Romans were slow in securing their claim. Aristonicus, who claimed to be the illegitimate son of the earlier
Pergamene king,
565:
1593:
2104:
1850:
233:. Though he stipulated that Pergamum and the rest of the Greek cities were exempt from this bequest, it mattered little to the Romans, with
657:
2109:
205:
against the
Pergamene regime and found success early on, seizing various cities near the coast of Anatolia, including the island of
2089:
361:. Here, the revolt came to an end, with Eumenes being starved into submission and sent, alive, to Rome. His most prominent ally,
286:
210:
325:
of
Paphlagonia, opposed the revolt in the hopes of winning the favor of Rome. It was around this time that he was joined by
2084:
269:
to revolt and only left the region after being driven out by defeat to the
Ephesians in a naval battle off the coast of
561:
546:
576:"Events surrounding the bequest of Pergamon to Rome and the Revolt of Aristonicos: new inscriptions from Metropolis"
650:
373:
447:
346:
214:
246:(197–160 BC), father of Attalus III, took advantage of the uncertainty and laid claim to the throne, taking the
213:. However, the revolt was eventually quelled by the Roman Republic in 129 BC when it dispatched the experienced
1774:
1666:
1855:
1915:
1901:
1769:
1754:
909:
2099:
2059:
1764:
1749:
1724:
1701:
1681:
1963:
1948:
1759:
1744:
1729:
1714:
1671:
1643:
854:
643:
570:
Robinson, E. S. G. (1954) "Cistophori in the Name of King
Eumenes," Numismatic Chronicle 6: pp. 1–7.
1779:
1734:
1709:
1686:
1656:
1477:
310:
133:
368:
After
Eumenes arrived in Rome, he was paraded through the city, then executed by strangulation in the
1691:
1676:
1579:
1536:
1362:
1115:
759:
345:
Despite these gains, the revolt was dealt a blow in 130 BC by the appointment of
Crassus’ successor:
2079:
2006:
1938:
1924:
1919:
1910:
1896:
1882:
1872:
1739:
1661:
1589:
1574:
1541:
1531:
1407:
1120:
538:
318:
1986:
1953:
1906:
1892:
1784:
1651:
1598:
1564:
1556:
1505:
1500:
1186:
1010:
889:
823:
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698:
314:
376:, subsequently oversaw the organisation of the area, dividing the Pergamene kingdom among Rome,
2114:
2021:
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1719:
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1307:
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1105:
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833:
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693:
2032:
2011:
1814:
1633:
1485:
1060:
1040:
957:
947:
914:
864:
769:
741:
721:
683:
297:
239:
202:
8:
1981:
1933:
1928:
1819:
1623:
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1372:
1090:
1025:
967:
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838:
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350:
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2001:
1432:
1284:
995:
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708:
666:
512:
429:
259:
285:
in sea raids, and crucially, the Roman consul dispatched to put an end to his revolt,
2037:
2016:
1971:
1618:
1546:
1392:
1030:
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805:
751:
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28:
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1158:
1035:
977:
942:
934:
813:
619:
552:
Kosmetatou, Elizabeth (2003) "The
Attalids of Pergamon," in Andrew Erskine, ed.,
377:
282:
247:
104:
50:
471:
365:, intimately aware of the wrath Rome would bring down upon him, killed himself.
1867:
1437:
1377:
1065:
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290:
266:
230:
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and promised to found a state called Heliopolis in which all were to be free.
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Eumenes then sought support in the interior, promising freedom to both
243:
114:
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as well as Apollonis. His cause was also furthered by the death of
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198:
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1991:
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99:
34:
1402:
278:
42:
168:
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274:
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90:
495:
Broughton, T. R. S. (1934). "Stratoniceia and Aristonicus".
162:
150:
171:
165:
273:. Before being expelled from the area he had taken
229:, died in 133 BC, he bequeathed his kingdom to the
159:
156:
2071:
408:"Aristonicus, Blossius, and the City of the Sun"
197:Ἀριστόνικος) was a pretender to the throne of
651:
289:, was killed after an attempt to take back
658:
644:
472:"Justinus: Epitome of Pompeius Trogus (5)"
27:
494:
423:
541:; London: Cornell University Press Ltd.
556:. Oxford: Blackwell: pp. 159–174.
287:Publius Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus
211:Publius Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus
2072:
665:
412:International Review of Social History
405:
2105:People executed by the Roman Republic
1590:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos
639:
573:
2058:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by
554:A Companion to the Hellenistic World
401:
399:
397:
220:
13:
527:
14:
2126:
394:
2110:People executed by strangulation
372:. Perperna's successor in Asia,
146:
2090:2nd-century BC monarchs in Asia
209:, and killing the Roman Consul
488:
464:
440:
333:, who had been a supporter of
1:
2062:in most of their territories.
860:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
448:"Strabo, Geography, BOOK XIV"
387:
33:The statue of Eumenes III in
580:Journal of Roman Archaeology
7:
2085:2nd-century BC Greek people
855:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
574:Jones, Christopher (2004).
340:
10:
2131:
533:Hansen, Esther V. (1971).
406:Africa, Thomas W. (1961).
311:Ariarathes V of Cappadocia
257:
185:
91:
2056:
1962:
1793:
1700:
1642:
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760:Antigonus I Monophthalmus
750:
707:
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609:
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592:10.1017/S1047759400008394
425:10.1017/S0020859000001784
253:
225:When the Pergamene king,
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121:
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86:
82:
74:
64:
56:
49:
26:
22:(Aristonicus) Eumenes III
21:
1121:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
920:Cleopatra VII Philopator
539:Cornell University Press
535:The Attalids of Pergamon
319:Nicomedes II of Bithynia
92:(Αριστόνικος) Ευμένης Γ΄
1918:'s attempted rule with
1599:Mithridates V Euergetes
1011:Antiochus III the Great
824:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
765:Demetrius I Poliorcetes
689:Alexander III the Great
315:Mithridates V of Pontus
1702:Monarchs of Cappadocia
1604:Mithridates VI Eupator
1126:Philip II Philoromaeus
1111:Antiochus XII Dionysus
1101:Demetrius III Eucaerus
1096:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
1081:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
1021:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
1016:Seleucus IV Philopator
1001:Seleucus II Callinicus
900:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
775:Demetrius II Aetolicus
1644:Monarchs of Commagene
1565:Mithridates I Ctistes
1106:Philip I Philadelphus
1086:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
1076:Antiochus VIII Grypus
1071:Seleucus V Philometor
1056:Antiochus VII Sidetes
1046:Antiochus VI Dionysus
1006:Seleucus III Ceraunus
905:Berenice IV Epiphanea
850:Ptolemy VI Philometor
834:Ptolemy IV Philopator
829:Ptolemy III Euergetes
694:Philip III Arrhidaeus
452:www.perseus.tufts.edu
258:Further information:
1478:Monarchs of Bithynia
1061:Alexander II Zabinas
1041:Demetrius II Nicator
958:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
925:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
890:Ptolemy XI Alexander
865:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
770:Antigonus II Gonatas
537:. Ithaca, New York:
240:Tribune of the Plebs
2100:Impostor pretenders
2060:Hellenistic satraps
1091:Antiochus X Eusebes
1026:Antiochus V Eupator
968:Cleopatra Selene II
895:Ptolemy XII Auletes
880:Ptolemy X Alexander
875:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
839:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
780:Antigonus III Doson
497:Classical Philology
250:name, Eumenes III.
189:; originally named
1964:Monarchs of Epirus
1797:Cimmerian Bosporus
1557:Monarchs of Pontus
1116:Cleopatra Selene I
996:Antiochus II Theos
986:Seleucus I Nicator
953:Demetrius the Fair
935:Monarchs of Cyrene
313:, who, along with
260:War of Aristonicus
2067:
2066:
1547:Socrates Chrestus
1036:Alexander I Balas
1031:Demetrius I Soter
991:Antiochus I Soter
737:Antipater Etesias
634:
633:
627:Succeeded by
335:Tiberius Gracchus
327:Blossius of Cumae
235:Tiberius Gracchus
221:Staking his Claim
139:
138:
2122:
1859:
1775:Ariobarzanes III
1149:Ptolemy Epigonos
1051:Diodotus Tryphon
844:Cleopatra I Syra
819:Ptolemy Keraunos
660:
653:
646:
637:
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620:King of Pergamon
610:Preceded by
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370:Tullianum prison
188:
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178:
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161:
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134:Greek Polytheism
94:
93:
51:King of Pergamon
31:
19:
18:
16:King of Pergamon
2130:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2080:Attalid dynasty
2070:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2052:
1958:
1949:Mithridates III
1853:
1796:
1795:Monarchs of the
1789:
1770:Ariobarzanes II
1755:Ariarathes VIII
1696:
1682:Mithridates III
1638:
1580:Mithridates III
1551:
1472:
1279:
1207:Greco-Bactrians
1201:
1153:
1130:
972:
929:
814:Ptolemy I Soter
800:
746:
703:
670:
664:
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528:Further reading
525:
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476:www.attalus.org
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347:Marcus Perperna
343:
262:
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217:to the region.
215:Marcus Perperna
149:
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105:Attalid dynasty
45:
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2035:
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2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2007:Neoptolemus II
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1902:Mithridates II
1899:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1868:Paerisades III
1865:
1860:
1848:
1843:
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1807:
1801:
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1765:Ariobarzanes I
1762:
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1750:Ariarathes VII
1747:
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1725:Ariarathes III
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1712:
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1672:Mithridates II
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1066:Cleopatra Thea
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629:Roman conquest
628:
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605:Regnal titles
597:
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571:
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550:
529:
526:
523:
522:
509:10.1086/361750
503:(3): 252–254.
487:
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439:
418:(1): 110–124.
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137:
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78:Roman conquest
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47:
46:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
2127:
2116:
2115:129 BC deaths
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2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
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2005:
2003:
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1987:Neoptolemus I
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1983:
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1894:
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1884:
1883:Mithridates I
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:Paerisades IV
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1836:Paerisades II
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:Spartokos III
1823:
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1808:
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1803:
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1771:
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1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:Ariarathes IX
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:Ariarathes VI
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1730:Ariarathes IV
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1715:Ariarathes II
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1687:Antiochus III
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:Mithridates I
1660:
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1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:Nicomedes III
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
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2022:Alexander II
1878:Paerisades V
1841:Spartokos IV
1805:Paerisades I
1780:Ariarathes X
1735:Ariarathes V
1710:Ariarathes I
1692:Antiochus IV
1677:Antiochus II
1609:Pharnaces II
1570:Ariobarzanes
1542:Nicomedes IV
1532:Nicomedes II
1458:Apollophanes
1443:Hippostratos
1358:Heliokles II
1318:Demetrius II
1298:Antimachus I
1260:Eucratides I
1255:Demetrius II
1240:Antimachus I
1225:Euthydemus I
1196:
910:Ptolemy XIII
885:Berenice III
732:Antipater II
699:Alexander IV
618:
598:
583:
579:
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479:. Retrieved
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455:. Retrieved
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367:
344:
295:
263:
224:
194:
190:
141:
140:
2043:Pyrrhus III
2027:Olympias II
1997:Alexander I
1854: [
1851:Spartokos V
1720:Ariamnes II
1667:Antiochus I
1629:Pythodorida
1585:Pharnaces I
1506:Zipoetes II
1501:Nicomedes I
1418:Artemidoros
1413:Menander II
1353:Antialcidas
1338:Agathokleia
1293:Demetrius I
1285:Indo-Greeks
1275:Heliocles I
1230:Demetrius I
1220:Diodotus II
1197:Eumenes III
1192:Attalus III
1167:Philetaerus
1136:Lysimachids
948:Berenice II
915:Ptolemy XIV
797:(pretender)
727:Alexander V
709:Antipatrids
667:Hellenistic
624:133–129 BC
613:Attalus III
586:: 469–485.
351:Stratonicea
227:Attalus III
195:Aristonikos
193:; in Greek
191:Aristonicus
142:Eumenes III
69:Attalus III
65:Predecessor
2074:Categories
2033:Pyrrhus II
2012:Alcetas II
1977:Tharrhypas
1944:Gepaepyris
1916:Scribonius
1810:Satyros II
1740:Orophernes
1652:Ptolemaeus
1634:Polemon II
1527:Prusias II
1496:Zipoetes I
1468:Strato III
1393:Theophilos
1373:Philoxenus
1328:Menander I
1308:Agathocles
1250:Agathocles
1215:Diodotus I
1187:Attalus II
1182:Eumenes II
1144:Lysimachus
752:Antigonids
481:2018-12-07
457:2018-12-07
388:References
382:Cappadocia
323:Pylaemenes
244:Eumenes II
186:Εὐμένης Γʹ
115:Eumenes II
60:133–129 BC
2095:Impostors
2017:Pyrrhus I
1982:Alcetas I
1888:Pharnaces
1863:Kamasarye
1846:Leukon II
1830:Hygiainon
1785:Archelaus
1624:Polemon I
1522:Prusias I
1463:Strato II
1453:Zoilos II
1448:Dionysios
1428:Archebius
1398:Peukolaos
1363:Polyxenos
1303:Pantaleon
1245:Pantaleon
1177:Attalus I
1172:Eumenes I
978:Seleucids
806:Ptolemies
795:Philip VI
742:Sosthenes
722:Philip IV
717:Cassander
684:Philip II
75:Successor
2048:Deidamia
2029:(regent)
2002:Aeacides
1939:Aspurgus
1832:(regent)
1815:Prytanis
1657:Sames II
1513:(regent)
1486:Boteiras
1433:Telephos
1423:Hermaeus
1378:Diomedes
1348:Strato I
1333:Zoilos I
1159:Attalids
846:(regent)
785:Philip V
434:44581450
363:Blossius
341:Downfall
307:Thyatira
283:Colophon
248:dynastic
199:Pergamon
130:Religion
2038:Ptolemy
1992:Arybbas
1972:Admetus
1954:Cotys I
1934:Polemon
1929:Polemon
1925:Dynamis
1920:Dynamis
1911:Dynamis
1907:Asander
1897:Dynamis
1893:Asander
1820:Eumelos
1619:Arsaces
1594:Laodice
1517:Ziaelas
1511:Etazeta
1388:Epander
1383:Amyntas
790:Perseus
676:Argeads
353:on the
125:unknown
35:Bergama
1614:Darius
1408:Nicias
1403:Thraso
1343:Lysias
669:rulers
560:
545:
517:263872
515:
432:
380:, and
378:Pontus
355:Caicus
329:, the
321:, and
298:slaves
291:Leucae
279:Myndus
267:Leucae
254:Revolt
231:Romans
203:revolt
122:Mother
111:Father
43:Turkey
1927:with
1909:with
1895:with
1858:]
1592:with
1265:Plato
943:Magas
513:JSTOR
430:JSTOR
359:Lydia
331:Stoic
302:serfs
275:Samos
207:Samos
181:Greek
100:House
87:Greek
57:Reign
39:İzmir
566:text
558:ISBN
543:ISBN
300:and
281:and
271:Cyme
1491:Bas
588:doi
505:doi
420:doi
357:in
117:(?)
2076::
1856:ru
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