1704:) while the Romanians of Southern Dobruja would have the freedom of choosing to emigrate to Romania or to stay. As this was rejected by Bulgaria, later in the negotiations the Romanians suggested that all Bulgarians residing in Romania be obliged to emigrate and a similar emigration would be mandatory for the Romanians of Southern Dobruja, but not for those residing in other parts of Bulgaria. Partially in order not to derail the negotiations and partially giving in to Germany's pressures, Bulgaria agreed to negotiate an exchange of population. The Bulgarians first suggested that emigration should not be a mandatory requirement. When the Romanians insisted on this issue, the Bulgarians rejected the proposal of the emigration of all Bulgarians residing in Romania versus the emigration of all Romanians residing in Southern Dobruja as not being equivalent. Therefore, the Bulgarians suggested a combination of mandatory and voluntary emigration. The final agreement, reached by the
1820:, finalizing over a year long negotiations. In accordance with the provisions of the treaty, the mandatory population exchange was completed in two phases. The main exchange took place in November–December 1940; during this phase 61,500 Bulgarians from Northern Dobruja and 83,928 Romanians from the Cadrilater moved. The second phase, which was implemented in accordance with an additional agreement, necessitated the move of another 3,600 Bulgarians and 4,700 Romanians from other parts of the two countries, outside the Dobruja. Thus, the total number of emigrants was of about 65,000 Bulgarians, who resettled in mostly in the Cadrilater and of about 88,000 Romanians who resettled in Northern Dobruja. However, Eugen Filotti was not concerned any more with these aftermaths of the Treaty of Craiova. After having concluded his lead role in the negotiations with Bulgaria, Eugen Filotti was recalled to Bucharest. He was assigned a new mission which was to be even more challenging.
867:. The integration of Romanian culture into a more comprehensive European culture, which many of the young intellectuals of his generation had been attempting to promote, did not occur. Instead, currents of various nationalistic tendencies had proliferated and were increasingly active in opposing European integration. Some writers and artist had left for various western countries and many more were seriously considering this alternative. Gradually detaching himself from the Romanian internal cultural life, Eugen Filotti increasingly oriented his journalistic activity towards foreign policy, which had been his main concern in the early years of his career. At the
1934:
them about where they were working. These informations were relayed to the
Romanian legation in Budapest, and, in his capacity of plenipotentiary minister, Eugen Filotti visited these places to gain first hand information on how the Romanians were treated. There were several cases when the Hungarian guards treated Eugen Filotti offensively, disregarding his diplomatic status. Abuses committed on the territory of Hungary were beyond the authority of the Roggeri-Altenburg Commission. Therefore, on these matters Eugen Filotti forwarded protest notes directly to the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Budapest.
542:, and, after Romania had fulfilled its national aspirations, were attempting to define the ways of perfecting their new homeland. This group strongly opposed the leftist radicals, who were looking with interest at the soviet experiment, and was looking towards the west. However, they thought that new Romania, considered to be a big and strong country, had to play an important role a renewed Europe, which was also trying to find its own new stability. The link to Western Europe was conceived mainly as an integration of the Romanian cultural and artistic movements into the European ones.
1829:
1938:
from
Romania. Again, the Romanian church was the only organization which, through the clergy, could provide education in Romanian during Sunday religious courses. The Greek-Catholic diocese had its own printing presses in Oradea and could therefore edit a significant number of books in Romanian, covering various religious subjects. Eugen Filotti had frequent contacts with the church authorities in order to assess the needs as well as the ways of supporting these activities from Romania.
1180:, as president of the PEN indicated that he had requested information regarding how the three members of the PEN Club were treated during their arrest, but was opposed to any other actions of support by the PEN. The differences of opinion between the democratic oriented members and the right wingers sharpened. When new elections for a committee were called in 1934, two lists of candidates were submitted to the General Assembly. The first, presented by
1984:
1546:
33:
1879:. The subcommissions were however taking action only in the case of complaints which had to present specific cases of oppressive measures. Therefore, the Romanian authorities were compelled to obtain not only general statements about such events, but detailed information, as precise as possible, regarding the alleged abuses of the Hungarians, in order to present their case to the commission as well fundamented as possible.
1855:, which included Northern Transylvania were totally different from the ones of the Romanian minorities in Greece or Bulgaria, which had been Eugen Filotti's concern in his previous assignments. Immediately after the Vienna Award, the Hungarian authorities had taken violent actions against the Romanian population. Even before Eugen Filotti's arrival in Budapest, the Government of Romania had forwarded complaints to
1744:
agreement on the mandatory emigration could be reached, a contradiction between the interest of the two parties prevented a consensus on the optional emigration. The
Bulgarian government wanted to encourage all Bulgarians living in other parts of Romania, outside of Dobrogea, to be resettled in Bulgaria. The Romanian government preferred not to dismantle the compact
1461:(Yugoslavia). In order to emphasize the punitive character of the measure, their diplomatic passports were withdrawn and all their diplomatic privileges withdrawn the moment the orders for their return to Romania were issued. The reshuffling of the staff coincided with the return to political or diplomatic activities of known opponents of Titulescu, such as
1469:. The magnitude of these changes indicated the intention of the new minister to replace most of the senior staff of the ministry. However, the implementation to the desired extent proved impossible to implement and part of the recalled ministers were appointed to other legations or received other positions at the headquarters of the Ministry.
573:. However, besides publishing their ideas, the group of young enthusiasts to which Filotti belonged, attempted to organize important cultural events which would help them promote their ideas. The most representative of these event, both due to its importance and to its international attendance was the "First exhibition of modern art" in
1959:
consul Mihai Marina wrote a report documenting the deportation of Jews to German extermination camps forwarding it to Eugen
Filotti. After reviewing it, Eugen Filotti chose to short circuit the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Bucharest, and, in order to make sure that it became known to the international community, send it directly to
1589:. Romanian statistics of 1930, show that the Bulgarian population in the Cadrilater was of 149,409 while the Romanians were 77,728. The Romanian population had increased significantly compared to 1910, when the Romanians in the area were only 6,359. This is due to the policy of colonization of the 1920s, when Romanians from
783:
an issue, as many of the artists and writers supporting the modernist trends were Jewish, this could have contributed to the opposition of the traditionalists. These attitudes outlined the future movements in
Romanian politics and culture, and the modernists were already laying the basis of their resistance against
852:şi "romanianism". We have only the sacrilegious wish to harmonise romanianism with the heartbeat of contemporary life... We want this life to be liberated from balcanism, from asiatism, from archaism and from the rustic simplicity which limits existence to the path from the village church to the village tavern...
1358:, a person who was politically well informed stated that "at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs there will be a significant reshuffle of the diplomatic corps". Despite the evidence, several representatives of the government denied such intentions and the diplomatic representatives abroad were urged to follow suit.
2026:
and to send the corresponding instructions on actions to be taken by these missions. Also, as soon as the military situation in
Bucharest was brought under control, he took steps to bring the staff of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to Bucharest and to ensure its return to normal activity. Due to the
829:
whatsoever and nu future. Our ideal is a dynamic culture, having the desire of growth, renewal and fecundity. The scope of our generation's endeavours should not be clinging to a sterile and, in some respects, imaginary tradition, nor cultivating exclusively the autochthonous character... The type of
1974:
In July 1944, Eugen
Filotti came to Bucharest, in order to present to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs information regarding Northern Transylvania, necessary to prepare the Romanian claims at a future peace conference. At the same time, Eugen Filotti got actively involved with the diplomats who were
1937:
The
Romanian educational system had been completely dismantled by the Hungarian authorities in Northern Transylvania. The entire Romanian population was compelled to complete the curriculum in Hungarian language. Romanian school books could neither be printed in Northern Transylvania nor be imported
1799:
in June 1940, the USSR considered
Bulgaria a more friendly country than Romania and considered that it would be in its interest to have a common border with Bulgaria. Therefore, the soviet diplomacy was encouraging the Bulgarians not to be satisfied with the Cadrilater, but to demand the transfer of
1485:
was a signatory of the Balkan Pact, the now position was in not linked to the strengthening of the alliance, which Eugen
Filotti had pursued before. After Titulescu's departure, the Romanian government was less interested in this alliance, whose role was seen just as a pact of friendship between the
1135:
and the independence of the German PEN, who was also represented at the congress, was put in doubt by other member organizations. Germany was attempting to ensure international recognition of the legitimacy of the new regime, and was trying to obtain resolutions in its favor in various international
2066:. Though an agreement of the involved governments was reached, the exchange of diplomats did not take place, because the Hungarian and Slovak diplomats in Bucharest, refused to return to their countries. As a result, the Romanian diplomats were kept in captivity in Germany until the end of the war.
1743:
Besides, various technical problems related to the population transfer had to be settled. After lengthy discussions the two parties involved agreed that the ownership of buildings located in rural areas which belonged to emigrants would be taken over by the state from which they emigrated. While an
1228:
had been signed just a year before and Titulescu was aware that the framework was still frail and that further steps were necessary in order to consolidate the alliance so that it could efficiently react in case of an attack on one of its members. Therefore, he tried to appoint diplomats who shared
782:
was still kept at an intellectual level, modernists perceived them already as a potential danger. The issue was not to oppose the presence of religion in culture, but to fight against the attempts of transforming it into an instrument of nationalism and antidemocracy. While antisemitism was not yet
1933:
Except being subjected to repressive actions in their villages, there were frequent cases in which Romanians from Northern Transylvania were displaced for forced labour to Hungary, mostly for the maintenance of roads. They were however allowed to write letters to their relatives at home, informing
1890:
was to obtain such information. As the inhabitants of the localities where abuses had taken place were prevented to go to the legation or to one of the consulates and the staff of the diplomatic units did not know where to go to find out what was really going on, this task was extremely difficult.
1660:
Unlike other situations regarding border disputes, for the Cadrilater problem no international conference was organized. It was mainly negotiated by a succession of diplomatic notes and discussions, in which a compromise acceptable to both parts was reached. As Romanian minister plenipotentiary to
1910:
who, during the war, was seated in Oradea, priests from villages in which Romanians constituted a majority were informing their bishops about the situation in their parishes. The dioceses would then forward the pertinent information to Eugen Filotti, at the legation in Budapest, from where it was
857:
We have a better opinion about our own people than all the traditionalists and that is why want Romania to start making its entrance into Europe. Many nations, located between the Atlantic and our borders, have succeeded in being European without losing the specificity of their ethnic spirit. Why
1958:
at the Oradea consulate. The Oradea consulate also helped by illegally transporting Jews from Northern Transylvania to Romania in the consulate's automobiles. Based on information obtained from Dr. Kupfet Miksa, one of the leaders of the Jewish community in Oradea as well as on his own findings,
1808:. As the Delta was not part of the Dobruja, it would not have been occupied by Bulgaria, but the possibility of Romania maintaining sovereignty over a territory to which it could have access only through a reach of the Danube bordered by unfriendly nations, was doubtful. During an audience, king
1949:
and other extermination camps took place. The position of the Romanian government was the Jews in occupied Northern Transylvania were Romanian citizens and therefore were entitled to the protection of the Romanian authorities. As head of the Romanian diplomatic mission in Hungary, Eugen Filotti
1748:
communities of north-western Bulgaria and therefore did not agree on a mandatory parity of the population moved from one country to the other. Each of the two parties agreed to compensate the immigrants for the losses they incurred. However it was agreed that properties located in urban areas
1070:
the right of transit through Romania. Such information had not only the result of casting a negative image of the country but of also weakening Romania's position within the Balkan Pact. Called by Eugen Filotti to the Direction of the Press for explanations, Julius Köver claimed that the news
928:
1612:
The problems of minorities were an important to the bilateral Romano-Bulgarian diplomatic relations and it was inevitable that, in his new position, Eugen Filotti would be confronted with issues related the rights of the Romanian minority in Bulgaria. As he had done in Athens, Eugen Filotti
1500:
minority (called Vlachs by the Greek). The Aromanians, which the government of Bucharest considered to be a Romanian population, were considered second class citizens in Greece and denied the right of having an education in their native language. However, taking into account the
726:
and called for an intensification of this art through spiritual and intellectual activities. Eugen Filotti predicted that this type of art would be understood only when the contemporary civilization would learn to look at painting in absolute purity. His speech quoted works of
1083:
would help him hide his identity from the Romanian authorities and, at the same time, would enable him claim that he used it to elude the censorship existing in Romania. Eugen Filotti was able to point these malversations and, at last, Julius Köver was expelled from Romania.
1891:
Eugen Filotti was able to set up a system by which the required information could be collected so that he could transmit it to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Bucharest who, in turn, would forward the required documentation to the arbitration commission. With the help of
1505:
policies of the two countries, the Greek government accepted the establishment of schools in which the education was to be in Romanian, on condition that such schools be financed by the Romanian government. The implementation of the agreement was not without difficulties.
516:
were among the main contributors. Eugen's brother, film producer and screenwriter Mircea Filotti was in charge of the film chronicle. The magazine was political and cultural weekly, advocating the integration of Romania into post-war Europe and opposing the
1672:
over the Cadrilater, but to establish a "final and perpetual" border between the two countries, which also involved an exchange of population. The Romanian diplomacy insisted on solving this problem at the same time. Romanian was facing similar problems in
684:"There were just two candles burning on a table covered by a black canvas. Suddenly, Eugen Filotti made his appearance next to the table, relaxed and inspired, reciting a text presenting to the public both the new form of art and the exposed paintings"
1779:
was sending instructions to Filotti, urging him to insist on the matter. However the Bulgarians were intransigent on the matter, demanding the transfer of the entire Cadrilater. Therefore, after the signature of the treaty, Queen Mary's remains were
1664:
At the beginning, the positions of the two countries were totally contradictory. Romania wanted to change the ethnic status quo in the region and to preserve the territorial status-quo, while Bulgaria was aiming to achieve exactly the opposite.
1632:
However, towards the end of 1939, the government in Sofia raised territorial claims and demanded that negotiations with Romania be started. The problem of Southern Dobruja differed from the one of other provinces which Romania had gained after
750:
In his own articles on the exhibition, Eugen Filotti presented the event in a positive light, and highlighted the value of the work exposed by Romanian artists, stressing that they were in no way inferior to the foreign participants. He noted
843:
of this country... If we are talking about national assertion, we see this as being active and productive: the expression of our cultural and spiritual character in specific European forms... As far as we are concerned, there is no
1537:. Eugen Filotti also took care of the quality of education provided, ensuring that good material conditions would encourage well qualified teachers from Romania to compete for positions in the Romanian schools in Greece.
1685:. Romania was afraid that the existence of a Bulgarian minority in Northern Dobruja could be used by Bulgaria for further territorial concessions. Besides, as most of the Romanian population in the Cadrilater, had been
1617:. All these schools were financially supported by the Romanian government and followed the curriculum if the Ministry of National Education in Bucharest. Although Bulgaria had territorial claims regarding not only the
955:, but, in Titulescu's political vision, such alliances had to be created in advance, so as to have time to consolidate. Titulescu hoped to create a union of all Balkanic countries. As, due to its territorial claims,
1613:
concentrated his efforts on strengthening the Romanian education network in Bulgaria, which included primary schools in the villages with Romanian population along the Danube as well as a Romanian high school in
1143:
In the following year, there were other conflicts which surfaced in the Romanian PEN, reflecting the political turmoil in Romania. On February 11, 1934, at the Extraordinary General Assembly of the Romanian PEN,
1006:, there were some less honest persons who tried to squeeze in. The case of Julius Köver exemplifies the problems raised by incorrect reporting. Köver claimed to be an economic correspondent of the Austrian daily
1735:
an optional emigration of ethnic Bulgarians residing in other parts of Romania and of ethnic Romanians residing in other parts of Bulgaria, to be completed within one year after the exchange of the ratification
1848:. Following diplomatic rules, after such important changes, diplomatic envoys in the two countries were usually replaced. Eugen Filotti was appointed the new Romanian minister plenipotentiary to Budapest.
1605:, there also was an important Romanian minority in Bulgaria. Many Romanians were living along the Bulgarian bank of the Danube. Besides there were also Aromanians, living mostly in the Bulgarian part of
1812:
informed Eugen Filotti about the soviet intentions. This induced the Romanians to accelerate the negotiations and to reach an agreement before the Soviet Union would intervene in a more aggressive way.
971:. Romania was the diplomatic force pressing for an alliance. In his capacity of Director of the Press and Information, Eugen Filotti was in charge of informing the mass media and to develop a favorable
1123:
subsidiary. At that time, the cultural life in Romania was extremely agitated. The new committee was forced to confront the international tensions related to the Internaţional PEN Congress, planned in
2360:
Doru Ungureanu, Nicolae Dumitrache – 1940. Cedarea Cadrilaterului, un moment dramatic al istoriei românilor. – În: România în ecuația păcii și dictatului. Pitești, București, Brașov, Cluj-Napoca, 2001
1365:
proceeded to a massive change in the staff of the Romanian foreign missions, recalling many of the plenipotentiary ministers. These changes, if not initiated, were at least approved by prime minister
774:, democratic trend and wanted to promote a spiritual interaction with the rest of the world. On the opposite side, the adherents of different traditionalist movements, which had also emerged after
464:
in 1916, he was forced to interrupt his studies, being conscripted as lieutenant and assigned as pharmacist to the army medical staff of the front line. After the retreat of the Romanian troops to
705:
located behind the speaker. The orchestra, which also included a black musician started playing, and the visitors started roaming around at the sound of string instruments, trombones and drums."
1930:
Inevitably, the Hungarian authorities became aware of these activities. If they helped provide information to the Romanians, they also induced repressive actions against the Romanian clergy.
580:
The exhibition was organized in the building of the "Romanian Fine Arts Union" on Strada Corabiei Nr. 6, from November 30 to December 30, 1924. The main Romanian artists participating were
1319:
concurred that Titulescu would soon be active again in Romanian politics. The ministries of Foreign Affairs of France, the United Kingdom and Germany also expressed the same assumptions.
490:
newspaper, concentrating on foreign relations and writing editorials concerning international events. Besides, from 1924 to 1926 he also published, as director, the second series of the
1739:
the right of each government to decree the mandatory emigration of the Romanian or Bulgarian nationals if the number of persons having opted for voluntary emigration was not equivalent.
2606:
778:, did not refrain to exacerbate nationalistic and mystical expressions in art and culture. While the nationalistic movements had not evolved into the extremism of the 1930s, and the
1136:
organizations. Eugen Filotti's diplomatic experience was an important element in defining the position of the Romanian delegation at the Dubrovnik congress. He was able to convince
1649:. Therefore, such negotiations were not viewed as a revisionism of the peace treaties of 1919. Even in Romania, the issue of Southern Dobruja had been controversial. In 1913, King
701:"The dark room, swarming with visitors, where Eugen Filotti was finishing his introductory speech, suddenly vibrated at the loud roll of drums. The lights went on, focusing on a
1860:
2576:
1148:, who was also Eugen Filotti's deputy at the Direcţion of the Press and of Informations, brought to the attention of the attendants that "three members of the Romanian PEN,
2058:, capitals of countries still under German control, had to be organized. The negotiations were carried out with the help of the diplomatic missions of neutral countries:
2378:
Ion Giurcă – Tratativele de la Craiova. Evacuarea Cadrilaterului în anul 1940 – În: România în ecuaţia păcii și dictatului. Pitești, București, Brașov, Cluj-Napoca, 2001
1950:
ordered that Romanian passports and other travel documents be issued to Jews of Northern Transylvania. This action was implemented with the help of the Romanian consuls
1804:. Besides creating a common border between the Soviet Union and Bulgaria, this also presented the potential advantage for the Soviet Union of gaining control over the
1945:
was installed as head of the new Hungarian government, these persecutions were further intensified. Under the Sztójaj government massive deportations of Jews towards
845:
779:
1204:
was leaning towards the political right. Victor Eftimiu's list received 72% of the votes while the list proposed by Ion Petrovici had only 28%. After this decision
766:
The exhibition also turned into a clash between "modernists" and "traditionalists". The group who had organized the exhibition, including Eugen Filotti supported a
1549:
Eugen Filotti, minister plenipotentiary and the staff of the Romanian Legation in Sofia on the steps of the Romanian High School at the celebration of May 10, 1940
1696:
At the beginning of the negotiations, the Romanian diplomats insisted on the mandatory emigration of all Bulgarians residing in Northern Dobruja (the counties of
1529:
with high concentrations of Aromanian population. The best students of primary schools received scholarships to continue their education at the high school in
1796:
1951:
1657:
on a territory which did not have a Romanian population, arguing that this extension was contrary to the aspirations of creating a Romanian national state.
538:
The magazine was a focal point of a group of young writers, journalists, artists and other intellectuals, who were carried away by the euphoria following
1942:
1244:
of the ministry resigned, in circumstances that are not clear, his resignation being formally accepted on August 29, 1936. The latter, who had served as
440:
when Eugen Filotti was only 2 years old and his mother had to struggle to raise her two sons with the small resources provided by her husband's pension.
1753:
created a joint Bulgaro-Romanian commission having the mission of overseeing the exchange of population and of settling individual claims or disputes.
1369:. Most of the heads of mission recalled were suspected of supporting the former minister of foreign affairs. The list of recalled ministers included:
476:, obtaining his degree in 1922. While in university, he continued his journalistic activities, writing articles for several newspapers and magazines.
863:
Eugen Filotti continued his journalistic activity until 1927. However, as time went by, he became increasingly disillusioned by the cultural life in
1713:
1402:
457:
322:
192:
157:
122:
99:
2415:
1095:, Eugen Filotti renewed his contacts with the Romanian cultural elite. This time his activity was mainly related to the Romanian chapter of the
1955:
450:
1941:
Starting 1943, the persecution of Jews in Hungary became harsher and after March 19, 1944, when the German army occupied Hungary and general
1749:
remained the property of the emigrants and also that the emigrants would maintain ownership of all mobile assets (including live-stock). The
329:
1832:
Eugen Filotti's family: his wife Elisabeta and his children Andrei, Domnica şi Ion în the drawing room of the Romanian Legation of Budapest
2571:
2521:
2531:
1601:
and other Balkan countries had been settled in the Cadrilater. If Romania had an important Bulgarian minority, concentrated mainly in
1168:, demanded that the leadership of the Romanian PEN intervene for their release. The three writers, known for their sympathies for the
2536:
2526:
2237:
2151:
2031:. In September 1944, moving the ministry back to Bucharest implied difficulties, as the German artillery on the Yugoslav bank of the
1975:
preparing the coup which would take Romania out of the alliance with Germany, and make the country switch sides to join the Allies.
1629:, the problem of rectifying the borders of Balkan countries was not yet on the agenda în 1938, when Eugen Filotti arrived in Sofia.
871:
newspaper, he was given the responsibility of writing the editorials on foreign affairs and of coordinating the related activities.
2611:
1968:
935:
In 1930, Eugen Filotti is promoted Director of the Press and of Information in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the early 1930s
453:
in Bucharest. In 1913, while still in high school, he started working for various newspapers, writing articles about foreign news.
2046:
Finally, according to prevailing diplomatic conventions, an exchange of diplomats which were posted at the diplomatic missions in
959:
did not adhere to such a proposal, there was still the possibility of developing an alliance of the other Balkan states: Romania,
2581:
2491:
948:
535:
in art and literature, which were viewed as a participation of Romanian artist and writers to the cultural unrest of the 1920s.
1642:
1208:
resigned from the Romanian PEN. However the tensions, reflecting the contradictions of Romanian society in the 1930s remained.
884:
In 1927, Eugen Filotti decided to give up journalism and to pursue a diplomatic career. After being appointed press attaché in
2035:
prevented the use of the main road along this river. At the same time the German and Hungarian army had occupied the city of
1907:
916:
410:
216:
80:
1791:
Contrary to the assessment of some Bulgarian historians the Romanian position was not weakened by Germany but rather by the
377:(July 28 (July 17 O.S.) 1896 – June 1, 1975) was a Romanian diplomat, journalist and writer. As a diplomat he worked at the
2551:
1309:
to assume that Titulescu's disappearance from the political scene can be anything else than a passing eclipse. Men of this
1132:
436:. He was the second child of the family, having a brother Mircea Filotti, his elder by four years. Nicolae Filotti died of
1050:. Julius Köver's activities started raising suspicions in February 1935, when United Press released the information that
998:În his capacity of director of the press, Eugen Filotti had the responsibility of verifying the activity of foreign press
2556:
2546:
2449:
2022:
His first efforts in his new position was to inform all Romanian diplomatic missions abroad about the changes following
1281:
of August 31, 1936 indicated that "Mr. Titulescu is not the kind of man to accept such matters with resignation" while
2586:
2561:
2621:
2616:
2566:
1079:
to various branch offices of the agency, from where they were retransmitted to the United States. He hoped that this
2601:
795:
if the program of ethnic culturalism was adopted, Romanian culture would regress to an undignified provincial level
1232:
Titulescu's dismissal coincided with the departure of two key personalities from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs:
1184:, which also included Eugen Filotti as a candidate was politically independent, while a second list, presented by
1927:
each time he returned to Romania, in order to coordinate the actions taken on religious and diplomatic channels.
1899:
1003:
975:
in all concerned countries. Finally, after several years of negotiations and various bilateral agreements, the
1418:
279:
150:
531:, however in a different meaning than this concept had after 1945. The magazine also strongly supported the
1287:
stated that the Titulescu's removal from the government din could only be temporary, opinion shared by the
2342:
Andrei Alexandru Căpuşan – Diplomaţi români de elită Vol. II – Ed. Ars Docendi, București 2009, pp.155–161
2004:
1836:
On August 30, 1940, a week before the signature of the Treaty of Craiova, Romania had been obliged by the
1646:
1075:
and that he had nothing to do with them. Actually Köver had designed an ingenious system to transmit his
1016:. In 1933 he also registered at the Direction of the Press in Bucharest as correspondent of the American
2468:
1732:); this phase was to be completed within three months after the exchange of the ratification documents;
1570:
1051:
1017:
980:
432:, having the rank of lieutenant and his mother, Aurelia Filotti (née Felix) was the daughter of doctor
888:
where he worked for over a year, in 1928 Eugen Filotti was transferred to the Romanian Mission to the
753:
Constructivism dominates on each wall al the exhibition hall, however without completely obliterating
2541:
2423:
2008:
1882:
An important task of the Romanian legation in Budapest, as well as of the subordinated consulates in
1871:
and to recommend corrective actions. Starting 1941, two subcommissions were set up, the first one in
1693:, the Romanian government felt it had a moral obligation to defend the interests of these colonists.
1513:
and to extend the network of Romanian primary schools which had been established in the villages of
988:
445:
1087:
Apart from his activities in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, after returning from his missions in
901:
744:
605:
593:
382:
1062:
and to replace him with Nicholas. Another false news sent by Julius Köver to America claimed that
523:
491:
1896:
1366:
1347:
473:
344:
1434:
1313:
and with his character do not leave the political arena for a long time". On September 2, 1936,
2023:
1996:
665:
649:
563:
2351:
Dr. Blagovest Niagulov (Sofia) – Frontiera – un zid sau un pod – Magazin Istoric – 2000, Nr. 1
2012:
1458:
1442:
1153:
1809:
1145:
1080:
657:
625:
604:. Important artists from other European countries presented some of their works, among which
1289:
609:
2596:
2591:
1430:
1172:, had been arrested as part of the crackdown following the assassination of prime minister
597:
2155:
8:
2446:
Despre o actiune de salvare a evreilor din "Transilvania de Nord" in timpul Holocaustului
2183:
1837:
1828:
1776:
1330:, reported the news and even newspapers which expressed doubts about the attitude of the
1315:
1256:
1112:
1059:
908:
732:
472:
front. After the war, he gave up his pharmacy studies and attended the Law School of the
1911:
sent through diplomatic channels to Bucharest. Another active factor in this set-up was
1717:
1697:
1355:
1249:
1066:, the minister of Foreign Affairs, had signed an agreement in Moscow, which granted the
1028:
2387:
Constantin Tudor – Tratatul de la Craiova și cedarea Cadrilaterului – Tomis, Nr.2, 2002
1769:
1650:
1622:
1606:
1283:
259:
2028:
2016:
1237:
1108:
992:
943:, was pursuing a system of alliances, which would enable the smaller countries of the
893:
2027:
allied bombing raids, the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs had been evacuated to
2000:
1817:
1772:
of Romania had liked and where her heart was buried. Even as late as August 9, 1940,
1750:
1705:
1682:
1653:
and many other politicians had disagreed with the territorial extension requested by
1638:
1566:
1533:, which followed the curriculum established by the Ministry of National Education of
1526:
1386:
1241:
1221:
1096:
1063:
1008:
984:
940:
912:
897:
889:
831:
728:
378:
2327:
Reacţii necunoscute la demiterea lui Titulescu August 29, 1936: O "mazilire perfidă"
1271:
that Titulescu would soon reenter the Romanian politics. The French newspapers were
1140:
to pass a resolution of the committee, expressing its reservations towards Germany.
1574:
1422:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1331:
1276:
1260:
1205:
1157:
556:
362:
2082:
2040:
1912:
1466:
800:
2330:
1960:
1773:
1757:
1729:
1725:
1586:
1582:
1514:
1462:
1343:
1339:
1264:
1038:
784:
715:
669:
641:
617:
1654:
1522:
1509:
Eugen Filotti made important efforts to strengthen the Romanian High School in
1406:
1245:
1181:
1177:
1137:
1104:
1047:
972:
840:
711:
702:
661:
637:
601:
589:
505:
501:
289:
2515:
2036:
1892:
1756:
The Romanian part also unsuccessfully attempted to maintain control over the
1721:
1701:
1502:
1394:
1263:. The decision was greeted with disbelief. Both the Romanian and foreign new
1185:
1161:
999:
754:
736:
629:
621:
551:
513:
509:
413:
in 1944–1945. As writer he published several translations of literary works.
185:
1477:
In the fall of 1936 Eugen Filotti was appointed minister plenipotenţiary to
1164:
because they had freely expressed their opinions" Busuioceanu, supported by
892:
in Geneva. From 1928 to 1930 he works, next to other diplomats, among which
484:
After graduating from Law School, Filotti joined the editorial staff of the
1920:
1841:
1805:
1792:
1674:
1668:
The objectives of the negotiations was not only related to the transfer of
1634:
1530:
1510:
1233:
1201:
1197:
1165:
1128:
1116:
1022:
585:
437:
72:
1310:
814:
and tradition some intellectuals promote a static ideal, petrified in the
2059:
1916:
1903:
1785:
1669:
1545:
1450:
1410:
1225:
1193:
1173:
1149:
1120:
976:
849:
790:
775:
771:
689:
633:
539:
532:
528:
461:
449:, on Ştirbei Vodă Street, in Bucharest and thereafter, from 1906 to 1914
433:
2505:
Final Report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania
2480:
Final Report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania
1978:
1677:, where the existence of an important Hungarian minority was claimed by
1581:) to Romania, where the Romanian administration created the counties of
868:
486:
2055:
1781:
1690:
1626:
1618:
1594:
1578:
1497:
1327:
1189:
1169:
1055:
1013:
960:
723:
693:
518:
429:
339:
1987:
Eugen Filotti în 1971 at his residence in Bujoreni Street of București
719:
714:
quotes parts of Eugen Filotti's speech, which emphasized the internal
2469:
Yad Vashem – The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority
2405:
Petre Out – Comisia Roggeri-Altenburg – Magazin Istoric – 2001, Nr. 8
1983:
1946:
1765:
1686:
1590:
1534:
1351:
1323:
1301:
1295:
1272:
1124:
1100:
907:
In 1929 Eugen Filotti married Elisabeta Taşcă, daughter of professor
858:
would we be the only ones who need a senseless and useless isolation?
826:
818:
811:
767:
740:
653:
581:
574:
497:
425:
406:
293:
275:
255:
1872:
469:
2369:
Mihai Lupu – Dobrogea. Repere istorice – Constanța, Europolis, 2000
2051:
1724:) and the Romanian population of Southern Dobruja (the counties of
1562:
1518:
1398:
1229:
his views as ministers plenipotentiary in the signatory countries.
1067:
956:
952:
815:
645:
465:
402:
394:
161:
48:
1661:
Sofia, Eugen Filotti was directly involved in these negotiations.
927:
679:
The exhibition opened on a Sunday, at noon, in a pitch-dark room:
32:
2277:– Cuvântul liber, seria a II-a, nr. 1, p. 2-4 şi nr. 2, p. 18-19.
1992:
1868:
1864:
1852:
1845:
1801:
1761:
1678:
1602:
1489:
1426:
1414:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1306:
1268:
1076:
1033:
944:
936:
864:
398:
196:
1216:În 1935 Eugen Filotti was appointed plenipotentiary minister to
2063:
2047:
2032:
1887:
1856:
1598:
1554:
1493:
1482:
1478:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1248:
of the ministry, was not included in the new team, replaced by
1217:
1092:
1088:
1072:
1002:
working in Romania. Besides many journalists, adhering to high
968:
964:
885:
822:
787:, regardless whether it came from the political right or left.
758:
673:
613:
390:
386:
126:
103:
1716:
for the Bulgarian population of Northern Dobruja (counties of
1561:. The new assignment was different from his previous ones, as
1429:), Grigore Constantinescu (Iran), Ion Aurel Vassiliu (Japan),
1924:
1863:
was created to investigate the accusations brought either by
1745:
1614:
1558:
1335:
2148:
National identity and political legitimacy in modern Romania
1851:
The problems of the Romanian population on the territory of
1486:
four signatories, without implying any consequent measures.
2003:
of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, under foreign minister
1964:
1883:
1876:
1071:
releases of the United Press Agency had been generated in
2607:
Romanian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference of 1946
979:
was signed on February 9, 1934, in the great aula of the
696:, who also attended the opening, recalls in his memoirs:
569:
1553:
In the fall of 1938, Eugen Filotti was transferred from
460:, attending courses for two years. When Romania entered
1540:
1099:
locally called the "PEN Club". On April 8, 1933, a new
2234:
Laicism şi religiozitate în cultura română interbelică
1823:
428:, Romania. His father, Nicolae Filotti was a military
16:
Romanian diplomat, journalist and writer (1896 – 1975)
1979:
Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
1472:
1211:
805:" A short time later, he continued in the same vein:
2011:. He kept the same position, under foreign minister
1637:
as it had not been decided in the Peace Treaties of
947:region to oppose any aggression. At that time, the
2577:Gheorghe Lazăr National College (Bucharest) alumni
1995:switched sided on August 23, 1944, and joined the
1681:to justify a revision of the borders fixed by the
917:Academy for High Commercial and Industrial Studies
797:". Expanding the same idea, Eugen Filotti wrote: "
468:, he was transferred to the medical units of the
2513:
2396:Gheorghe Zbuchea – Cadrilater 1940 -. SAI, 2000
1714:population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania
1111:(general secretary), Eugen Filotti (treasurer),
1103:of the Romanian PEN Club was elected, including
527:. In his introductory article, used the term of
193:Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
158:Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
123:Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
100:Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
2210:– Cuvântul Liber, 13 Decembrie 1924 Nr. 47 p.20
2015:in the following government, headed by general
1299:. In the United Kingdom, on September 1, 1936,
2107:Genealogia românească. Istoric şi bibliografie
1334:emphasized the intention of the government to
1259:fired Niculae Titulescu and replaced him with
2264:– Cuvântul liber, seria a II-a, nr. 1, p. 2-4
1054:was expected to return to Romania, where the
931:Eugen Filotti as Director of the Press – 1935
2249:Prima expozitie internationala Contimporanul
1565:was not a friendly country. Defeated in the
1326:to resign in protest. Romanian and foreign
456:In 1914 he started studying pharmacy at the
405:he issued transit visas for Jews during the
2301:Demnitate ardeleana si tradare dîmboviteana
2181:Mattis Teutsch and the Romanian Avant-garde
2043:, making the alternative route very risky.
1963:, the Romanian minister plenipotentiary in
1361:Despite denials, the new foreign minister,
1058:was preparing a revolt intending to depose
1020:. Köver also contributed to the newspapers
987:for Greece, Nicolae Titulescu for Romania,
939:'s foreign policy, under the leadership of
799:traditionalism means nothing else than the
2459:Radu Ioanid – Evreii sub regimul Antonescu
31:
545:Such ideas were disseminated not only by
479:
1982:
1969:International Committee of the Red Cross
1827:
1544:
1322:Many Romanian diplomats indicated their
926:
922:
825:forms of a primitive culture, having no
443:In 1902–1906 Eugen Filotti attended the
2221:Expozitia "Contimporanului" (insemnări)
1305:wrote that, "in any case, there are no
1240:. The former, who held the position of
761:decomposures or coloristic experiments.
549:, but also by other magazines, such as
2514:
2175:
2173:
2117:
2115:
874:
1908:Greek Catholic Diocese of Cluj-Gherla
1220:. The position was important for the
904:of Romania to the League of Nations.
2293:
2288:Carol al II-lea, presa si propaganda
2007:in the government headed by general
1541:Minister plenipotentiary to Bulgaria
2303:– Foaia transilvană, April 12, 2007
2197:– Editura Minerva, București, 1973
2170:
2112:
1824:Minister plenipotentiary to Hungary
1569:, Bulgaria had been forced, by the
1036:and the German language newspapers
13:
2572:Commanders of the Legion of Honour
2522:Ambassadors of Romania to Bulgaria
2494:Invazie de stafii – Ora adevărului
2094:Monografia Liceului Gheorghe Lazăr
1473:Minister plenipotentiary to Greece
1212:Minister plenipotentiary to Turkey
692:at that time a young professor of
409:. He was secretary general of the
215:Secretary General of the Romanian
14:
2633:
2532:Ambassadors of Romania to Hungary
1859:and to Rome, following which the
401:. As minister plenipotentiary to
2537:Ambassadors of Romania to Turkey
2527:Ambassadors of Romania to Greece
2251:– Miscarea literară, 1924 No. 4.
2039:and were advancing upstream the
1800:its sovereignty over the entire
1354:were not a secret in Bucharest.
879:
834:. Our light comes from the West.
458:Bucharest University of Medicine
79:Director of the Press, Romanian
2612:Romanian people of World War II
2499:
2485:
2473:
2462:
2453:
2438:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2319:
2306:
2280:
2267:
2254:
2241:
2226:
2213:
1900:diocese of Vad, Feleac and Cluj
1350:to Titulescu. The government's
848:and no incompatibility between
2582:University of Bucharest alumni
2314:Dalles: destin şi istorie (II)
2200:
2187:
2179:Mariana Vida, Gheorghe Vida –
2140:
2128:
2099:
2087:
2076:
1999:, Eugen Filotti was appointed
1954:at the Budapest consulate and
830:culture we want to promote is
47:Press Attache of the Romanian
1:
2418:O misiune diplomatică secretă
2125:– Editura Istros, Brăila 2007
2109:– Editura Istros, Brăila 2000
2069:
1861:Roggieri-Altenburg Commission
1160:had been arrested, without a
280:Socialist Republic of Romania
2121:Alexandru Gabriel Filotti –
1923:, whom Eugen Filotti met in
747:and other Romanian artists.
354:Journalist, diplomat, writer
7:
2552:Romanian newspaper founders
1119:as well as a member of the
411:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
334:Alexandra Filotti (b. 1947)
314:Aurelia Filotti (née Felix)
217:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
81:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
2638:
2557:Romanian magazine founders
2547:Journalists from Bucharest
2316:– Tricolorul, 2008, 15 mai
2137:– Manuscriptum, 1971, Nr.3
2135:Cuvîntul liber (1919–1936)
1967:, who presented it to the
1816:On September 4, 1940, the
1052:Prince Nicholas of Romania
1018:United Press International
1012:, presenting the required
839:The salvation lies in the
451:Gheorghe Lazăr High School
2587:Burials at Bellu Cemetery
2562:Romanian magazine editors
2208:Expoziţia Contimporanului
2005:Grigore Niculescu-Buzeşti
1571:Peace Treaty of Bucharest
1255:On August 28, 1936, King
1188:, included as candidates
793:expressed the view that "
368:
358:
350:
338:
318:
308:
300:
285:
265:
242:
237:
233:
222:
214:
203:
191:
179:
168:
156:
144:
133:
121:
110:
98:
87:
78:
66:
55:
46:
42:
30:
23:
2622:20th-century journalists
2617:20th-century translators
2567:Diplomats from Bucharest
2290:– Historia, Nr. 65, 2007
2105:Mihai Sorin Rădulescu –
1419:Constantin Langa-Răşcanu
1338:high ranking diplomatic
951:had not gained power in
949:National Socialist Party
902:permanent representative
416:
383:minister plenipotentiary
327:Domnica Ghimuș (b. 1932)
312:parents: Nicolae Filotti
151:Constantin Langa-Rășcanu
2602:Translators to Romanian
1621:, but also the part of
1224:'s foreign policy. The
474:University of Bucharest
345:University of Bucharest
2275:Europeism sau românism
1988:
1833:
1768:coast, which the late
1643:Saint-Germain-en- Laye
1550:
1492:had other problems in
1004:professional standards
932:
861:
743:, as well as those of
708:
687:
666:Ernst Rudolf Vogenauer
521:ideas promoted by the
512:or musicians, such as
480:Activity as journalist
446:Cuibul cu barză school
381:in Geneva and then as
2223:– Punct, 1924, dec. 6
2123:Frontierele românilor
2083:Solidarity and Rescue
1986:
1831:
1810:Boris III of Bulgaria
1625:which was located in
1548:
1433:(League of Nations),
1146:Alexandru Busuioceanu
1133:Chancellor of Germany
930:
923:Director of the Press
807:
698:
681:
626:Marcel Lempereur-Haut
37:Eugen Filotti in 1973
2426:on September 7, 2008
2219:Scarlat Callimachi -
2158:on September 7, 2008
2009:Constantin Sănătescu
1449:), Mihail Boerescu (
1435:Dimitrie Drăghicescu
1431:Constantin Antoniade
810:Under the banner of
2325:Potra, George G. –
2024:King Michael's Coup
2013:Constantin Vişoianu
1838:Second Vienna Award
1797:occupied Bessarabia
1777:Carol II of Romania
1577:(also known as the
1459:Alexandru Gurănescu
1443:Constantin Vişoianu
1316:The Daily Telegraph
1257:Carol II of Romania
1154:Dragoş Protopopescu
1131:had been appointed
1113:Ion Marin Sadoveanu
875:Diplomatic activity
745:Constantin Brâncuși
733:Maurice de Vlaminck
606:Teresa Żarnowerówna
594:Constantin Brâncuși
2312:Nicolae Săcăliş –
2146:Ovidiu Caraiani –
1991:Immediately after
1989:
1875:and the second in
1834:
1551:
1453:), Eugen Filotti (
1367:Gheorghe Tătărescu
1290:Journal des débats
933:
610:Mieczysław Szczuka
496:. Writers such as
260:Kingdom of Romania
2096:– București, 1941
2001:secretary general
1840:to cede Northern
1818:Treaty of Craiova
1751:Treaty of Craiova
1706:Treaty of Craiova
1683:Treaty of Trianon
1647:Neuilly-sur-Seine
1567:Second Balkan War
1527:Central Macedonia
1387:Dimitrie I. Ghika
1344:chiefs of mission
1242:secretary general
1222:Nicolae Titulescu
1127:on May 23, 1933.
1097:International PEN
1064:Nicolae Titulescu
1009:Neue Freie Presse
989:Tevfik Rüştü Aras
985:Demetrios Maximos
981:Academy of Athens
941:Nicolae Titulescu
898:Nicolae Titulescu
890:League of Nations
729:Wassily Kandinsky
564:Mișcarea Literară
379:League of Nations
372:
371:
2629:
2542:Romanian writers
2506:
2503:
2497:
2489:
2483:
2482:, Bucarest, 2004
2477:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2451:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2422:. Archived from
2416:"Raoul Şorban –
2412:
2406:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2370:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2284:
2278:
2273:Eugen Filotti –
2271:
2265:
2260:Eugen Filotti –
2258:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2232:Camil Mureşan –
2230:
2224:
2217:
2211:
2206:Eugen Filotti –
2204:
2198:
2191:
2185:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2154:. Archived from
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2110:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2080:
1952:Constantin Ţincu
1906:, bishop of the
1897:Eastern Orthodox
1895:, bishop of the
1575:Southern Dobruja
1423:Vasile Grigorcea
1379:Caius Brediceanu
1371:Nicolae Lahovary
1363:Victor Antonescu
1356:Armand Călinescu
1346:known for their
1332:diplomatic corps
1261:Victor Antonescu
1250:Victor Bădulescu
1206:Nichifor Crainic
1158:Nichifor Crainic
1029:Budapesti Hírlap
995:for Yugoslavia.
710:In his memoirs,
524:Viața Românească
363:Legion of Honour
272:
252:
250:
238:Personal details
227:
208:
182:
173:
147:
138:
115:
92:
69:
60:
35:
21:
20:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2492:Raoul Şorban –
2490:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2444:Raoul Şorban –
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2331:Magazin Istoric
2324:
2320:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2294:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2268:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2242:
2231:
2227:
2218:
2214:
2205:
2201:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2029:Băile Herculane
2017:Nicolae Rădescu
1981:
1961:Vespasian Pella
1826:
1795:. After having
1764:area along the
1543:
1496:related to the
1475:
1342:especially the
1284:L'Intransigeant
1238:Savel Rădulescu
1214:
1109:Ion Sân-Giorgiu
1039:Prager Tagblatt
993:Bogoljub Jevtić
991:for Turkey and
925:
911:, at that time
894:Savel Rădulescu
882:
877:
785:totalitarianism
670:Viking Eggeling
642:Kurt Schwitters
598:Milița Petrașcu
567:and, later, by
482:
419:
333:
328:
326:
313:
304:Elisabeta Tasca
274:
270:
254:
248:
246:
228:
223:
209:
204:
180:
174:
169:
145:
139:
134:
116:
111:
93:
88:
67:
61:
56:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2635:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2508:
2507:
2498:
2484:
2472:
2461:
2452:
2437:
2407:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2318:
2305:
2292:
2286:Oana Panait –
2279:
2266:
2253:
2247:Tudor Vianu –
2240:
2225:
2212:
2199:
2186:
2169:
2139:
2127:
2111:
2098:
2086:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2068:
1980:
1977:
1825:
1822:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1655:Titu Maiorescu
1542:
1539:
1474:
1471:
1407:Czechoslovakia
1403:Theodor Emandi
1267:expressed the
1246:undersecretary
1213:
1210:
1182:Victor Eftimiu
1178:Victor Eftimiu
1138:Victor Eftimiu
1105:Victor Eftimiu
1048:Czechoslovakia
1044:Die Wirtschaft
1000:correspondents
973:public opinion
924:
921:
919:in Bucharest.
909:Gheorghe Taşcă
881:
878:
876:
873:
841:Westernization
703:jazz orchestra
668:(Germany) and
662:Erich Buchholz
638:Czechoslovakia
602:Mattis Teutsch
590:Victor Brauner
547:Cuvântul Liber
506:Camil Petrescu
502:Victor Eftimiu
493:Cuvântul Liber
481:
478:
418:
415:
370:
369:
366:
365:
360:
356:
355:
352:
348:
347:
342:
336:
335:
323:Andrei Filotti
320:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
302:
298:
297:
290:Bellu Cemetery
287:
283:
282:
273:(aged 78)
267:
263:
262:
244:
240:
239:
235:
234:
231:
230:
220:
219:
212:
211:
201:
200:
195:of Romania to
189:
188:
183:
177:
176:
166:
165:
160:of Romania to
154:
153:
148:
142:
141:
131:
130:
125:of Romania to
119:
118:
108:
107:
102:of Romania in
96:
95:
85:
84:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
53:
52:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2634:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2465:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2441:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2333:, 1998, Nr. 6
2332:
2328:
2322:
2315:
2309:
2302:
2299:Iancu Moţu –
2296:
2289:
2283:
2276:
2270:
2263:
2262:Gândul nostru
2257:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2222:
2216:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2162:September 23,
2157:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2108:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:Nicolae Bălan
1909:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1893:Nicolae Colan
1889:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1503:rapprochement
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1467:Victor Cădere
1464:
1463:Anton Bibescu
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:Vasile Stoica
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:Ion Petrovici
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:King Carol II
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:published in
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1032:published in
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
929:
920:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:Press attaché
872:
870:
866:
860:
859:
854:
853:
851:
847:
842:
836:
835:
833:
828:
824:
820:
817:
813:
806:
804:
802:
796:
792:
788:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
760:
756:
755:expressionist
748:
746:
742:
738:
737:Pablo Picasso
734:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
707:
706:
704:
697:
695:
691:
686:
685:
680:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:Jozef Peeters
627:
623:
622:Marc Darimont
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
571:
566:
565:
560:
559:
554:
553:
552:Contimporanul
548:
543:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
525:
520:
515:
514:George Enescu
511:
510:Tudor Arghezi
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:
489:
488:
477:
475:
471:
470:Trotuș Valley
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
447:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Eugen Filotti
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:Eugen Filotti
367:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
343:
341:
337:
331:
324:
321:
317:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
288:
286:Resting place
284:
281:
277:
268:
264:
261:
257:
253:July 28, 1896
245:
241:
236:
232:
226:
221:
218:
213:
207:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
186:Vasile Stoica
184:
178:
172:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
149:
143:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
114:
109:
105:
101:
97:
91:
86:
82:
77:
74:
71:
65:
59:
54:
50:
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:Eugen Filotti
22:
19:
2501:
2493:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2464:
2455:
2445:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2424:the original
2417:
2410:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2282:
2274:
2269:
2261:
2256:
2248:
2243:
2233:
2228:
2220:
2215:
2207:
2202:
2195:Născut în 02
2194:
2193:Saşa Pană –
2189:
2180:
2160:. Retrieved
2156:the original
2152:"Chapter Vi"
2147:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2106:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2078:
2045:
2041:Mureș Valley
2021:
1990:
1973:
1956:Mihai Marina
1943:Sztójaj Döme
1940:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1921:Transylvania
1881:
1850:
1842:Transylvania
1835:
1815:
1806:Danube Delta
1793:Soviet Union
1790:
1755:
1742:
1712:a mandatory
1708:stipulated:
1695:
1675:Transilvania
1667:
1663:
1659:
1635:World War II
1631:
1611:
1552:
1531:Thessaloniki
1511:Thessaloniki
1508:
1488:
1476:
1360:
1321:
1314:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1277:
1265:commentators
1254:
1234:Mihail Arion
1231:
1215:
1202:Lucian Blaga
1198:Perpessicius
1166:Perpessicius
1142:
1129:Adolf Hitler
1117:Lucian Blaga
1107:(chairman),
1086:
1043:
1037:
1027:
1023:Pester Lloyd
1021:
1007:
997:
934:
906:
896:, as aid to
883:
862:
856:
855:
838:
837:
809:
808:
798:
794:
789:
765:
752:
749:
709:
700:
699:
688:
683:
682:
678:
658:Hans Richter
650:Arthur Segal
618:Lajos Kassák
586:Marcel Iancu
579:
568:
562:
557:
550:
546:
544:
537:
522:
492:
485:
483:
455:
444:
442:
438:tuberculosis
424:was born in
421:
420:
374:
373:
271:(1975-06-01)
269:June 1, 1975
224:
205:
170:
135:
112:
89:
73:Lucian Blaga
68:Succeeded by
57:
18:
2597:1975 deaths
2592:1896 births
2060:Switzerland
1971:in Geneva.
1917:metropolite
1904:Juliu Hossu
1786:Bran Castle
1670:sovereignty
1593:as well as
1481:. Although
1451:Switzerland
1411:Raoul Bossy
1273:unaninomous
1226:Balkan Pact
1194:Tudor Vianu
1174:Ion G. Duca
1150:Nae Ionescu
1068:Soviet army
1014:credentials
977:Balkan Pact
850:europeanism
803:of distress
801:megalomania
791:Tudor Vianu
776:World War I
772:rationalist
690:Tudor Vianu
634:Karel Teige
632:(Belgium),
620:(Hungary),
540:World War I
533:avant-garde
529:Europeanism
462:World War I
434:Iacob Felix
330:Ion Filotti
181:Preceded by
146:Preceded by
2516:Categories
2070:References
2056:Bratislava
1770:Queen Mary
1736:documents;
1691:annexation
1689:after its
1627:Yugoslavia
1619:Cadrilater
1595:Aromanians
1579:Cadrilater
1421:(Greece),
1352:intentions
1348:attachment
1190:Ion Pillat
1170:Iron Guard
1056:Iron Guard
961:Yugoslavia
846:antagonism
780:antagonism
724:modern art
694:aesthetics
430:pharmacist
351:Profession
340:Alma mater
249:1896-07-28
51:in Prague.
1947:Auschwitz
1782:reinhumed
1766:Black Sea
1718:Constanța
1698:Constanța
1687:colonized
1623:Macedonia
1607:Macedonia
1591:Wallachia
1535:Bucharest
1498:Aromanian
1340:personnel
1324:intention
1302:The Times
1296:Le Figaro
1125:Dubrovnik
1101:committee
1081:stratagem
1077:fallacies
827:evolution
823:muscovite
819:byzantine
812:orthodoxy
768:modernist
757:visions,
741:Paul Klee
712:Saşa Pană
654:Paul Klee
582:M.H. Maxy
575:Bucharest
498:Ion Barbu
426:Bucharest
407:Holocaust
332:(b. 1941)
325:(b. 1930)
309:Relations
296:, Romania
294:Bucharest
276:Bucharest
256:Bucharest
229:1944–1945
225:In office
210:1940–1944
206:In office
175:1938–1940
171:In office
140:1936–1938
136:In office
117:1935–1936
113:In office
94:1930–1935
90:In office
62:1927–1930
58:In office
2052:Budapest
1758:Caliacra
1730:Caliacra
1726:Durostor
1587:Caliacra
1583:Durostor
1573:to cede
1563:Bulgaria
1519:Thessaly
1399:Bulgaria
1278:Le Temps
957:Bulgaria
953:Germania
869:Adevărul
832:European
816:hieratic
718:and the
716:cohesion
646:Hans Arp
519:populist
487:Adevărul
466:Moldavia
403:Budapest
395:Bulgaria
319:Children
162:Bulgaria
49:Legation
2430:May 14,
1993:Romania
1902:and of
1869:Hungary
1865:Romania
1853:Hungary
1846:Hungary
1802:Dobruja
1679:Hungary
1651:Carol I
1639:Trianon
1603:Dobruja
1490:Romania
1427:Hungary
1415:Finland
1391:Belgium
1383:Austria
1375:Albania
1311:calibre
1307:reasons
1269:opinion
1162:warrant
1091:and in
1034:Hungary
937:Romania
915:of the
865:Romania
399:Hungary
197:Hungary
2064:Sweden
2048:Berlin
2033:Danube
1997:Allies
1888:Oradea
1873:Braşov
1867:or by
1857:Berlin
1762:Balcic
1722:Tulcea
1702:Tulcea
1599:Greece
1555:Athens
1515:Epirus
1494:Greece
1483:Greece
1479:Athens
1457:) and
1455:Turkey
1447:Poland
1439:Mexico
1275:. The
1218:Ankara
1093:Geneva
1089:Prague
1073:Vienna
969:Turkey
965:Greece
945:Balkan
913:rector
886:Prague
759:cubist
674:Suedia
614:Poland
600:, and
508:, and
397:, and
391:Greece
387:Turkey
359:Awards
301:Spouse
127:Greece
104:Turkey
1925:Sibiu
1746:Vlach
1615:Sofia
1597:from
1559:Sofia
1336:purge
1328:press
720:unity
558:Punct
417:Youth
2432:2010
2164:2008
2062:and
2054:and
2037:Arad
1965:Bern
1886:and
1884:Cluj
1877:Cluj
1774:King
1728:and
1720:and
1700:and
1645:sau
1585:and
1525:and
1523:West
1465:and
1293:and
1236:and
1200:and
1156:and
1121:Cluj
1042:and
1026:and
967:and
739:and
266:Died
243:Born
1919:of
1844:to
1784:at
1557:to
1441:),
1417:),
1409:),
1401:),
1393:),
1385:),
1377:),
983:by
722:of
676:).
640:),
616:),
570:Unu
385:in
2518::
2448:–
2329:–
2236:–
2172:^
2114:^
2050:,
2019:.
1915:,
1788:.
1641:,
1609:.
1521:,
1517:,
1252:.
1196:,
1192:,
1176:.
1152:,
1115:,
963:,
900:,
770:,
763:"
735:,
731:,
664:,
660:,
656:,
652:,
648:,
644:,
628:,
624:,
608:,
596:,
592:,
588:,
584:,
577:.
561:,
555:,
504:,
500:,
393:,
389:,
292:,
278:,
258:,
2434:.
2420:"
2166:.
1760:-
1445:(
1437:(
1425:(
1413:(
1405:(
1397:(
1389:(
1381:(
1373:(
821:-
751:"
672:(
636:(
612:(
251:)
247:(
199:.
164:.
129:.
106:.
83:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
