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shedding and Eskom's failure to maintain capacity. The price hike application is open for public participation until 20 January 2020. In NERSA has opposed an Eskom application to receive an additional R69 billion government bailout whilst Eskom is challenging NERSA's denial of an additional price increase for 2020/21 of 16% instead of the 8.1% price increase already approved by NERSA. During court proceedings with NERSA Eskom stated that this finances might collapse triggering a debt crisis for the South
African government that has guaranteed Eskom's debt. Public Enterprises Minister Pravin Gordhan has stated that corruption and cost overruns during the construction of Medupi and Kusile power stations has resulted in a fourfold increase in electricity prices.
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accordance to government law. This new transmission entity would involve up to 6,000 people that are responsible of setting up thousands of kilometres of "wires" and transmission lines that would ensure electricity from the power stations to where power is needed. As part of the
Transmission Development Plan (TDP) for 2020–2029 Eskom has plans to increase its transmission infrastructure by approximately 4,800 km of extra high voltage transmission lines, and over 35,000 MVA of transformer capacity over the next 10 years. This new outline of reconstructing Eskom comes from new regulatory guidelines from the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA) to publish an annual TDP report.
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769:, but on 12 July a new round of level 2 load shedding began due to the breakdown of generating units. During the winter of 2023, the country experienced Stage 6 blackouts, shaving a projected 2% off the country's GDP. During the worst period, power cuts lasted 12 hours a day. The company faces theft of materials for resale, sabotage to force repairs to be made at corruptly inflated prices, and assassination attempts which may be motivated by the attempt to replace coal with renewable sources.
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1864:, former head of generation for Eskom, was named as acting CEO. He resigned in 2018 after being implicated in awarding contracts to a company linked to his stepdaughter. Koko, along with his wife and stepdaughter, were arrested in October 2022. In early 2018, following the establishment of the Ramaphosa government, multiple members of the Eskom board and executive team were replaced by government due to allegations of corruption and mismanagement.
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the broader South
African economy. The situation was alleviated once Eskom secured a R3 billion commercial loan which was paid back on 2 April after the Reserve Bank disbursed R5 billion to Eskom through an emergency provision. In July 2019 Eskom announced a loss of R20.7 billion due to the cost of servicing high levels of debt, the increased cost of primary energy and unpaid municipal debts.
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Green-Energy
Initiative aimed at the development of solar and wind. This new initiative would allow loans to Eskom and below commercial rates on conditions that it would accelerate its closure of power plants and to start building renewable energy structures. This plan takes the steps in moving away from coal, and investing in alternative methods that better suit their needs for the future.
1860:. Ngubane also controversially attempted to blacklist newspapers perceived as unfriendly to Eskom. During parliament's state capture inquiry in 2017 former Eskom chairperson Zola Tsotsi (2012–2015) testified that Gupta family member Tony Gupta made threats against Tsotsi allegedly stating that Tsotsi will lose his job as he was not 'helping' the Guptas. In December 2016,
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it has raised over $ 40.1 billion in investment into developing new infrastructure, related to renewable energies. This is aimed to help distance itself from Eskom coal power plants, and to focus more on wind and solar developments. The
African investment forum is backed up by corporate organizations and lenders, private donors, and the African Development Bank.
920:(PIC) to reduce Eskom's debt from around R450 billion to more manageable levels. In return COSTATU proposed a number of conditions that included keeping workers employed. The trade union Solidarity was strongly apposed to the COSATU proposal arguing that it put the pensions of public employees at risk. The country's second biggest trade union, the
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artisans that would certify them as nuclear operators. In
January 2018, Eskom's acting chief financial officer stated that the company could not afford a new build, following a 34% drop in interim profits due to declining sales and increasing financing costs. The government stated it would proceed with the plan but more slowly.
1799:. These new investments are directed towards more high efficiency, low emission standards with an emphasis on solar technologies in which 6,000 MW of new Solar PV capabilities and 14,400 MW of new wind power technologies. With renewable energies, the IRP plans to increase its investment in hydro-electric power.
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A report compiled by Eskom and G9 Forensic found that the two consulting firms including Gupta owned
Trillian made R1.6 billion (US$ 120 million) in fees with an additional R7.8 billion made from future contracts. An investigation done by the amaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism found that
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A number of South
African municipalities are in significant arrears in paying Eskom for electricity supplied to them. The large amount owed to Eskom has caused significant controversy given the state utilities financial difficulties and repeated periods of load-shedding. By January 2020 South African
2510:. According to Eskom, in one contract awarded to Deloitte, Deloitte proposed a fee of R88.8-million while the competing bids from other firms were for R14.6-million and R13.3-million. In the other contract, Deloitte's bid was R79.1-million, while the other bids were for R16-million and R9.1-million.
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In 2018 and 2019 Eskom's negative financial situation became serious as costs started exceeding income and the company started experiencing trouble raising money. For 72 hours between 26 March and 29 March 2019 it was reported that Eskom had run out of funds thereby threatening to negatively impact
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As result of the restructuring, a transmission entity called the
National Transmission Company of South Africa (NTCSA), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Eskom, would be given its own board, by 31 March 2020 in which the transmission legal entity would be responsible for hearing legislative amendments in
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During the 1970s the company controversially sought to increase electrical tariffs to help pay for its large expansion plans. Due to its financial situation, the government appointed Dr. W.J. de
Villiers to chair a commission that recommended a number of financial and organisational changes for the
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during which he stated that Eskom was losing roughly R1 billion (US$ 53.9 million) a month due to theft and corruption. De Ruyter attributed this to the presence within Eskom of four criminal syndicates and went on to state that a senior - although unnamed - ANC MP was involved and that government
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On 19 November 2021, Eskom announced that an initial forensic investigation found evidence that recent damage to a coal conveyor at Lethabo was the result of deliberate sabotage. Steel supports had been severed, causing a power supply pylon to collapse. In a media briefing, de Ruyter commented that
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As of October 2019 Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd issued a tender to introduce 20 three-phase KW inverters and mountains structures. These structures are planned to distribute power to four power plants, and would introduce Eskom into the solar energy market. The African Investment Forum has announced that
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were not yet operational. Corruption during the Zuma administration had been noted as a major factor in the cost overruns and long delays in completing Medupi and Kusile power plants that had a knock-on effect leading to the 2019 power shortages. The power shortage and related troubles at Eskom was
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based on a rotating schedule, in periods where short supply threatened the integrity of the grid. Demand-side management has focused on encouraging consumers to conserve power during peak periods in order to reduce the incidence of load shedding. Following the national power shortage in 2007, Eskom
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From 1960 to 1990 Eskom increased its installed power production capacity from 4,000 MW to 40,000 MW so as to keep up with rapid economic growth in the 1960s and 70s. During the same period, Eskom established a nationwide 400 kV power network. During this period the company built a number of large
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In February 2019, a new round of load shedding began due to the failure of coal burning boilers at some power stations due to poor quality coal. This resulted in long running periods of level 4 load shedding across the country in mid-March 2019, including night-time load shedding. and promised to
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into state corruption a senior Eskom executive stated that an additional R25 billion loan from the China-based company Huarong Energy Africa was improperly and controversially taken out by Eskom. After the loan had been issued Eskom chairperson Jabu Mabuza stated to the Zondo Commission that Eskom
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In February 2023, with debt sitting at R423 billion, the South African government announced that, subject to approval from existing debt holders, it would be providing support worth R254 billion, including interest payments for the following three years and three capital payments of R78-billion in
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was made acting CEO and director of Eskom in May 2018 as part of President Ramaphosa's replacement of the company's executive team. A year into his term as CEO Hadebe resigned citing poor health and the difficult circumstances of the job. His resignation sparked a debate amongst political parties
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organised a national strike and called for a moratorium on retrenchments in the private and public sectors. This caused to the apparent abandonment of the government's company breakup and restructuring plans. In July 2019 the outgoing Eskom CEO announced that Eskom had entered a "death spiral" and
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In 2016, Eskom stated it intended to pursue a nuclear solution to the country's energy shortage. According to projections from late 2016, the use of nuclear power would provide over 1000GW of power by 2050. In preparation, the company launched a training program for 100 technicians, engineers and
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as supply fell behind demand, threatening to destabilise the national grid. With a reserve margin estimated at 8% or below, such "load shedding" is implemented whenever generating units are taken offline for maintenance, repairs or re-fuelling (in the case of nuclear units). From February 2008 to
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announced that the government would be splitting Eskom up into three new state-owned entities focusing on generation, transmission and distribution. This was done so as to better manage the serious operational and financial problems facing the company. By the time of the speech Eskom had a total
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Eskom's logo has been an integral symbol of the company since its founding. For a brief period in 1986 Eskom had no logo when it was moving away from the company's original logo of stylised letters spelling "ESC" within a circle to the more contemporary version with a blue shield with a stylised
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Load shedding was reintroduced in early November 2014. The Majuba power plant lost its capacity to generate power after a collapse of one of its coal storage silos on 1 November 2014. The Majuba power plant delivered approximately 10% of the country's entire capacity and the collapse halted the
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In February 2019, shortly after the announcement by government that the company would be broken up, Eskom initiated another round of emergency load shedding. Eskom stated that the 2019 load shedding was initiated due to breakdowns at power stations as well as the depletion of water and diesel
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Eskom have again applied to NERSA for an urgent 17% increase in tariffs for 2019/2020 in an attempt to make up a R27.323 billion shortfall, Eskom is citing lower returns due to lower sales volumes as main reason for needing this price hike. The lower sales volumes is directly related to load
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in which Soweto owes R13 billion to R16.4 billion in 2019. In response, Eskom initiated a process of cutting off electricity to debtors in the city, which resulted in violent public protests. The city has a history of non-payment dating back to the 1980s when non-payment was used as a form of
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launched an investigation into corruption related to the construction of the Medupi and Kusile power stations as a cause of repeated construction delays and project cost increases; this led to the investigation of 11 contractors for allegedly stealing R139 billion (US$ 9.13 billion) from the
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300MW of power are exported to Zimbabwe in a deal valued at US$ 2 million a month. At the end of November 2019 it was revealed that Zimbabwe owed $ 22 million in debt to Eskom (about 11 months in arrears). Despite statements that Eskom continues to supply Zimbabwe during scheduled blackouts,
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the Gupta family had received contracts worth R11.7 billion from Eskom to supply coal between 2014 and 2017. With pressure for Eskom to sign the first coal supply contracts with Gupta-owned entities being applied on the state-owned firm by then President Jacob Zuma. In 2019 South African
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to declare Eskom as being the "biggest risk to South Africa’s economy." The company had R413 billion in debt and planned to raise an additional R340 billion (US$ 26 billion) by 2022 thereby representing eight percent of South Africa's GDP. R218.2 billion of the company's debt consist of
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With failing power plants and coal not working as a viable solution, progress towards a greener future is in sight for South Africa. In agreement to the Paris Agreement, South Africa needs to reduce its carbon emission and cut-back from being dependent on Coal. There is new US$ 11 Billion
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Eskom was forced to suspend its chief financial officer Anoj Singh in July 2017 when the Development Bank of South Africa threatened to recall a R15 billion loan if no action was taken against Eskom officials (including Singh) who were involved in corruption allegations involving the
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reported that he was not given the support needed to succeed in the position. Shortly after the announcement that de Ruyter would be leaving Eskom it was reported that he survived a poisoning attempt after he unknowingly drank a cup of coffee at his office that was laced with
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In March 2020, Deloitte agreed to pay back R150 million of the R207 million sought by Eskom. However, in a joint statement, it denied being part of any corruption, and that they acknowledged that there were technical irregularities in the process of awarding the contracts.
2612:(NERSA) to increase tariffs by an additional 45% over the proceeding three years arguing that it needs the increase in revenue to avoid a debt induced death spiral. Eskom was controversially granted a 13.8% increase by NERSA in March 2019. The South African civil society
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which had caused a loss of 2000 megawatts of electricity, and announced measures to bring an end to load-shedding. Mantashe and Gordhan were tasked with presenting ways to increase electricity capacity to the cabinet, which would include self-generation. Amid the crisis,
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prepared by the Department of Minerals and Energy recommended that the government restructure Eskom into separate generation and transmission businesses. Although the report predicted that this action would improve power supply and reliability, it was never enacted.
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In February 2006, Eskom announced "load shedding" in the Western Cape province, due to issues experienced by Koeberg Nuclear Power Plant. This continued until June 2006. In January 2008, Eskom introduced load shedding nationally controversially introduced "load
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denied an application by Eskom to increase electricity tariffs by a future 19.9% for the financial year 2018/19. The regulator instead granted a 5.2% increase and gave a list of reasons for the refusal to grant higher tariffs that the South African newspaper
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In January 2020 South African Minister for Public Enterprises, Pravin Gordhan, stated that cost overruns and corruption during the construction of Medupi and Kusile power stations was an important reason for the dramatic increase in Eskom electricity prices.
2441:, reported to Parliament that additional incidents of cables being cut intentionally by saboteurs, rising theft at its power plants, and corruption around the supply of fuel oil, had greatly worsened the energy crisis and Eskom's ability to resolve it.
575:, which owned a number of other power plants across the country. Thanks to state support, Eskom was able to buy out the Victoria Falls and Transvaal Power Company in 1948 for £14.5 million (roughly equivalent to £2.55 billion in 2017). Following
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Eskom took out a number of loans to construct the additional capacity and significantly increased electrical tariffs by an average of 22% a year between 2007 and 2015 to in an attempt to offset costs. In 2019 Eskom controversially applied to the
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stated that by 2019 Eskom's electrical tariffs had increased by 500% over the previous 11 years. Pietermaritzburg Economic Justice and Dignity stated that the increased tariffs will exacerbate urban poverty negating increases to South Africa's
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faced criticism as his departure for Egypt was announced shortly after the move to stage 6. He returned early to address the problem, meeting on 11 December with the Eskom board. Ramaphosa then announced that there had been an element of
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The company is divided into Generation, Transmission and Distribution divisions, and together Eskom generates approximately 95% of electricity used in South Africa, amounting to ~45% used in Africa, and emits 42% of South Africa's total
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stated painted "a picture of inefficiency, inaccurate forecasting and cost overruns" at the power utility. Part of the refusal was the finding that Eskom had 6,000 more employees than needed, costing the company R3.8 billion annually.
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further into subinvestment grade cutting its long-term credit rating to BB – two levels below the investment threshold. By 2017 increasing levels of debt and corruption scandals affecting the company has led investment bank
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government's powers to influence company policy and investment decisions were greatly expanded. Due to the South African government's attempted privatisation of Eskom in the late 1990s during the administration of President
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company to adopt. This led to the company abandoning its no-profit objective and to raise funds by taking out international loans. The number of Eskom employees was also reduced from 66,000 to 60,000 in the late-1980s.
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November 2014 blackouts were temporarily halted due to reduced demand and maintenance stabilization. This drop in demand was caused by many of the country's mines shutting down or slowing to help alleviate the burden.
647:, Eskom requests for budget to build new stations were denied. After leaving the presidency, Mbeki would later state in December 2007 that this was an error, resulting in adverse affects for the South African economy.
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that the managing director for Deloitte Africa's advisory division Thiru Pillay and the lead consultant on the Eskom contract Shamal Sivasanker had resigned effective 31 March 2020 for their roles in the Eskom event.
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The IRP supports a diverse energy mix with policy aimed to help aim to meet the need of South Africa's energy goals. The Integrated Resource Plan supports electrical infrastructure developments with an aim focused on
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In July 2023, NERSA approved for the National Transmission Company of South Africa to operate a transmission system in South Africa. In September 2023, NERSA approved the remaining trading and import/export licences.
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then announced in his 2019 budget speech that government would be providing a R69 billion rand (US$ 5 billion) bail-out to Eskom over a three-year period so as to stabilise the company's serious financial situation.
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In 1981 Eskom was involved in one of its first large financial scandals when its Assistant Chief Accountant was caught embezzling R8 million from the company (equivalent to roughly R164.37 million in 2018).
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delivery of coal to the plant. A second silo developed a major crack on 20 November causing the shut down of the plant again, this after temporary measures were instituted to deliver coal to the plant.
7550:"Eskom reaches out of court settlement with Deloitte Consulting - SABC News - Breaking news, special reports, world, business, sport coverage of all South African current events. Africa's news leader"
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Eskom executives including Phakamani Hadebe (CEO), front row second from the left, and Jan Oberholzer (CTO), front row far left, at a 2019 public forum in Cape Town on Eskom's financial situation.
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government the company changed focus to electrification of previously neglected residential homes and to provide low cost electricity for economic growth. Following the passing of the 1998
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did not have the political will to resolve the situation. This resulted in de Ruyter's immediate resignation on 22 February 2023 from his position as CEO amidst criticism from the ANC. The
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5807:"Goodwin, Frederick Anderson, (born 17 Aug. 1958), Chief Executive, Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc, 2000–08 (Deputy Group Chief Executive, 1998–2000); Senior Adviser, RMJM, 2009–11",
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over the difficult state of managing the financially strained state owned company as well as the lack of political cover he was given to deal with labour unions and tackle corruption.
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quoted an intelligence report that named the four criminal syndicates within Eskom as "the Presidential Cartel, the Mesh-Kings Cartel, the Legendaries Cartel and the Chief Cartel."
2469:, instructed Eskom to take legal action against firms and individuals involved; ranging from Gupta family-owned consultancy firm Trillian Capital Partners Ltd. and consultancy firm
4262:"COST COMPARISONS BETWEEN ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS AND PULSE JET FABRIC FILTERS AND INHERENT CHALLENGES OF BOTH TECHNOLOGIES AT ESKOM'S 6 X 600 MW UNITS AT DUVHA POWER STATION"
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downgraded Eskom's credit rating to B2 from B1 stating that it was concerned with "the lack of any tangible financial support for the company in the February state budget".
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An additional increase of 20.5% was approved by NERSA and announced by Eskom to take effect from 1 April 2022. This price raise was criticized by the mayor of Cape Town,
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on 10 000 kilometres of its existing power lines for the purpose of real-time monitoring of the electrical network; 80% consists of all-dielectric lashed cabling and 10%
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Between 2020 and 2021, two thousand employees lost their jobs at the power utility. 6000 more jobs are reportedly at risk in order for the company to continue operating.
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lightning bolt in its centre. The 1987 logo was replaced in 2002 with its current logo that replaced the shield with a circle but otherwise kept the logo as it was.
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projects. In 2019, two senior Eskom managers and two business people were charged with fraud and corruption related to the construction of the Kusile power station.
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Chaskalson, Matthew; Jochelson, Karen; Seekings, Jeremy (1987). "Rent Boycotts, the State, and the Transformation of the Urban Political Economy in South Africa".
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The Electricity Act stated that Eskom could only sell electricity at cost and was exempted from tax with the firm initially raising capital through the issuing of
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resigned from his post as chairperson of Eskom's board in January 2020. Between March and July 2020 the power supply was stable due to reduced demand during the
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skom has a proposal before the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (Nersa) to hike electricity prices by a rumoured 44% for the 2024/2025 financial year
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Eskom's sales have been declining by about 1% per annum. The less it sells, the higher the tariff it wants, and the less it sells – the utility death spiral.
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2016, Eskom said that unplanned outages had been reduced In May 2016, former president Jacob Zuma said assurances had been given to him by Eskom management.
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In 2011 eight out of ten Eskom board members were controversially sacked by the Zuma administration. From 2015 to 2017 the Zuma administration appointed
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https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/he-started-losing-energy-hes-okay-deputy-presidency-denies-mashatile-collapsed-on-stage-20240914?dicbo=v2-LWAtHDG
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3782:"Minister Pravin Gordhan welcomes approval of remaining licences for National Transmission Company of SA (NTCSA) by NERSA | South African Government"
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involved, leading to the loss of 2000MW capacity. Ramaphosa faced criticism on social media, with many blaming incompetence rather than sabotage.
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was appointed by Zuma as Eskom CEO from April 2015 to November 2016. Molefe and Ngubane's tenure was controversial for their involvement with the
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met with Eskom's board and management to discuss about the energy crises. The president attributed the recent blackouts partly to sabotage at the
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into the air in 2019, Eskom is also the largest emitter of sulphur dioxide in the power industry in the world. Eskom has periodically implemented
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as chairman. The company changed its name by combining the two acronyms in its previous name (ESCOM and ESKOM) in 1987 to become known as Eskom.
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2003 IEEE 10th International Conference on Transmission and Distribution Construction, Operation and Live-Line Maintenance, 2003. 2003 IEEE ESMO
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Eskom – the only electricity utility in the country – has 16,789,974 subscribers in South Africa, comprising about one-third of the population.
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3140:"Consumers must be protected from renewable energy pass through costs(Media statement by Matshela Koko, Eskom Group Executive for Generation)"
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municipalities owed Eskom a total of roughly R43 billion (equivalent to US$ 2.88 billion). This had increased to R49.1 billion by July 2022.
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debt burden of R419 billion (US$ 30.8 billion) and was entering a death spiral whereby there was not enough revenue to make debt repayments.
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3026:"A comparative analysis of the coverage of the South African electrical energy crisis during the period 2005-2010 by Cape Town newspapers"
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coal-fired power stations was started in the 2007-2019 period as part of Eskom's capacity expansion program following the energy crisis.
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completed in 1975 was one of the first of the "six-pack" coal-fired power plants built during this period that Eskom was well known for.
579:, South Africa experienced power shortages that led to Eskom negotiating power saving agreements with the mining industry in June 1948.
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7730:"ESKOM INTELLIGENCE FILES, PART ONE : Introducing the four crime cartels that have brought Eskom and South Africa to their knees"
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Due to the company's large size and important role as the region's primary energy producer President Ramaphosa stated that Eskom was "
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Prior to the establishment of Eskom, the provision of electricity was dominated by municipalities and private companies. The city of
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687:. The Zuma administration decided to focus expansion efforts on building additional large scale six-pack coal-fired power plants.
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5266:"Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr - The Integrated Resource Plan 2019: A promising future roadmap for generation capacity in South Africa"
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2023/24, R66 billion in 2024/25 and R40-billion in 2025/26, with the intention to reduce Eskom's overall debt to R300 billion.
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On 24 November 2020, Moody's further downgraded Eskom's long-term credit rating to Caa1. This places Eskom's credit within the
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blamed as a significant contributing factor to a 3.2% decline in GDP growth in the first quarter of 2019, prompting fears of a
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2539:"I didn't exactly make a secret of my view that load shedding is, to a large extent, attributable to crime and corruption"
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603:. These plants were known colloquially as "six-packs" for the 6 large generator units they were designed to accommodate.
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8146:
7677:
7187:
7084:
5491:
864:" and would not be able to operate past the next three months if it did not receive additional loans. Finance Minister
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831:
Rod Crompton, Adjunct professor African Energy Leadership Centre Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand
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2506:. The affidavit alleged that Eskom executives had improperly awarded two consulting contracts to the consulting firm
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301:
281:
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In November 2021, Eskom announced that it had appointed Deloitte as its next external auditor, as its contract with
2281:. Exacerbating the company's financial situation was a recorded R3 billion worth of irregular expenditures in 2017.
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10471:
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857:
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In December 2019, load shedding reached a new high as Eskom introduced stage 6 load shedding for the first time.
2327:
would not be repaying the Huarong loan due to irregularities and corruption involved in the issuing of the loan.
333:
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419:, and was among the top utilities in the world in terms of generation capacity and sales. It is the largest of
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7955:"'Forget about state capture': Eskom warns of collapse without higher tariffs as it faces regulator in court"
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In July 2018 it was announced that Eskom had taken out a R33 billion loan from the Chinese government owned
683:
embarked on an aggressive electricity production expansion programme during the administration of President
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5230:"ICNS Workshop 2019 - Global Aeronautical Distress & Safety System (GADSS): What You Need to Know".
5152:"ICNS Workshop 2019 - Global Aeronautical Distress & Safety System (GADSS): What You Need to Know".
3538:
1816:
In 2002, Eskom was issued a network operator licence. It embarked on a $ 100 million project installing
514:
The Congella Power Station completed in 1928 was one of the first power plants built and owned by Eskom.
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277:
8008:"More than 20,000 people sign DA's petition to object to Eskom's request for a 20.5% electricity hike"
2985:"US, UK and EU will help fund South Africa's coal phaseout, offering a model for the developing world"
2727:
2318:. The loan conditions were controversially not made public with accusations that it was an example of
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6045:"Eskom sabotage: How De Ruyter was undermined by new board, excluded from meetings, forced to resign"
4184:
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which brought the utility to the brink of bankruptcy. In 2019, it was announced that Eskom was to be
289:
39:
6302:"ANALYSIS: 72 hours in late March: When Eskom pushed South Africa to the edge of financial collapse"
5518:"Corruption Watch wants Molefe and former Eskom board members to never again be directors of an SOE"
5393:
2697:
2587:
2408:
report back. The situation at Eskom and resulting energy crisis became a political issue during the
1894:
CEO appointed to the position. De Ruyter resigned in December 2022 after repeated attacks on him by
522:
was one of the first users of public electricity when it installed electric streetlights in 1882 to
498:, a deal was announced for developed countries to fund South Africa's transition from coal power to
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5492:"Pityana to Molefe; 'Foolishly opted to be state capture tool rather than instrument of democracy'"
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An election poster referring to the Eskom energy crisis in the run up to the 2019 general election.
2302:" as the reason why government had to continue to fund it despite its serious financial situation.
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stated that they would fight any government restructuring efforts that might result in job losses.
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1001:
7066:"Sunday Read: Load shedding through the years and how Eskom has struggled to keep the lights on"
5291:"South Africa's Integrated Resource Plan affirms coal power is set to be replaced by renewables"
679:
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standardised coal-fired power plants that could produce power at very low cost due to the large
491:
into three distinct nationally owned entities due to huge debts and poor reliability of supply.
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7981:"Gordhan: You are paying 4 times more for electricity because of stealing at Medupi and Kusile"
7498:"Gordhan: You are paying 4 times more for electricity because of stealing at Medupi and Kusile"
5021:
4268:
3433:"No load-shedding until mid-Jan, promises Ramaphosa, as 'sabotage' partly blamed for blackouts"
2315:
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Eskom has a number of planned infrastructure projects to further expand electrical production.
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4772:"MEDUPI POWER STATION NEW RAW WATER RESERVOIR AND PIPELINES PROJECT VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT"
3407:"No load-shedding from Tuesday, promises Ramaphosa as 'sabotage' partly blamed for blackouts"
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1915:.Eskom withdraw its work in cape town afrer one of their employees being attacked by a dog
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6782:"'Do not wait to get caught': Eskom continues cutting power to non-paying users in Gauteng"
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448:
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106:
10487:
5643:"Former Eskom boss Matshela Koko, wife and stepdaughter arrested on charges of corruption"
5467:"South Africa's "state capture" corruption report claimed its first high-ranking casualty"
720:
8:
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11684:
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5959:"Gordhan calls out Mantashe's bizarre accusations, applauds De Ruyter's efforts at Eskom"
5816:
2645:
2549:
In late February 2023 then Eskom CEO André de Ruyter gave a controversial interview with
2349:
The single largest South African municipality to owe Eskom for unpaid electricity is the
2319:
1363:
1243:
1095:
1043:
650:
591:
471:
since January 2008, a practice ascribed to basic dereliction of duty by former president
7238:"Ramaphosa slammed after blaming sabotage for Eskom loadshedding crisis | IOL News"
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11761:
11583:
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11316:
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3738:
3175:
2836:"Greenpeace blames Eskom, Sasol for world sulphur hot-spot in SA's Mpumalanga province"
2629:
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1964:
1786:
These new inverters would be align with South Africa's Integrated Resource Plan (IRP).
600:
480:
400:
207:
180:
152:
9760:
7804:"Public hearing on Eskom's plan for 45% increase over three years begins | Cape Argus"
6622:"#StateCaptureInquiry: Mabuza says Eskom won't pay back R25bn Huarong loan | IOL News"
4854:
4800:
4632:
4427:
4375:
4323:
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4238:
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902:
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in Cape Town were the first power stations built by Eskom, both complete in mid-1928.
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11973:
11698:
11536:
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11390:
11181:
11012:
10903:
10807:
9400:
9307:
8796:
8676:
8281:
8092:
8033:"'Outrageous': Mayors slam Eskom's proposed electricity hikes as unlawful and unjust"
7914:
7257:"Eskom finds evidence of sabotage at Lethabo Power Station - pylon supports were cut"
6979:
6824:
6078:
5373:
5359:
5245:
5216:
5204:
5200:
5167:
3742:
3728:
3058:
2748:
1912:
1817:
523:
261:
6882:
6647:"Soweto trends as Mzansi fumes about load-shedding: 'They must pay for electricity'"
6596:"Eskom deceived SA Reserve Bank on R25bn Chinese loan, says senior company official"
4068:"2,000 Eskom employees gone in a year, but 6,000 more must go to reach 'right size'"
11934:
11795:
11754:
11631:
11473:
11383:
11350:
10938:
10677:
10241:
9475:
9410:
9395:
9365:
9292:
8745:
8686:
8390:
8385:
8362:
8271:
8211:
7624:"Eskom is the ANC's feeding trough — De Ruyter comes out guns blazing in interview"
6816:
6493:"BUDGET 2023: Government comes to Eskom's rescue by taking over R254bn of its debt"
5812:
5351:
5235:
5196:
5157:
4680:
3720:
3463:
2887:"A South African company emits more sulfur dioxide than anyone in the power sector"
2390:
2323:
2005:
1907:
1903:
1867:
1739:
1687:
1661:
1609:
1583:
1557:
1531:
499:
4346:"World's largest coal-fired power station. (Kendal Power Station in South Africa)"
3808:"Cosatu takes to the streets over Eskom, job losses. Here's what you need to know"
2583:
901:
highlighted the need for the company to restructure. Following the appointment of
12118:
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11865:
11837:
11816:
11773:
11733:
11705:
11590:
11564:
11515:
11487:
11438:
11330:
11150:
10945:
10779:
10626:
10292:
9375:
9199:
8776:
8735:
8713:
8594:
8564:
8529:
8489:
8291:
6883:"Is Zimbabwe getting uninterrupted power from Eskom, despite SA's load-shedding?"
5240:
5162:
4962:
3861:
2421:
2299:
1731:
849:
737:
464:
6702:"Municipal debt to Eskom surged by R5 billion in just four months, Mabuza warns"
5355:
4758:"News on Renewable, Nuclear, Fossil, Technology, Market Data - Power Technology"
2598:
South African cents per kWh of electricity, 1994 to 2020, with the start of the
2381:
12132:
11920:
11712:
11610:
11543:
11364:
11241:
10744:
10716:
10425:
10405:
9595:
9550:
9297:
8801:
8791:
8589:
8201:
7472:"Former top Eskom managers appear in Joburg court on fraud, corruption charges"
7389:
6440:"Rating Action: Moody's downgrades Eskom's ratings; maintains negative outlook"
5343:
3665:"Eskom 'technically insolvent', won't last beyond April 2019 - committee hears"
2810:"Eskom and Sasol fingered over 'world's second-worst sulphur dioxide hot-spot'"
2555:
2526:
2438:
1895:
1705:
808:
796:
749:
745:
635:
392:
50:
7392:"amaBhungane and Scorpio #GuptaLeaks: How Eskom was captured | Daily Maverick"
6820:
2404:
In June 2018, there was Stage 1 load shedding along with a strike over wages.
12177:
11508:
11431:
11410:
11276:
11117:
10917:
10596:
10564:
10550:
10261:
9302:
9194:
8821:
8609:
8494:
8474:
8405:
8395:
8352:
8236:
8191:
6828:
6082:
5232:
2019 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)
5208:
5154:
2019 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS)
4757:
2273:
1861:
1857:
1635:
424:
325:
58:
6467:"Eskom 'too big to fail' and won't be privatised, Ramaphosa tells investors"
3382:"Risk of South African economy hitting recession in 2019 high, says Moody's"
2437:
for further investigation. In May 2022 the Minister for Public Enterprises,
1465:
896:
In response to feared job losses resulting from the breakup the trade union
784:
11659:
11557:
11501:
11248:
11096:
11047:
10973:
9825:
9267:
8841:
8816:
8681:
8650:
8464:
8266:
5934:"ENERGY CRISIS OP-ED: De Ruyter resignation — tripping the light fantastic"
5694:"Gordhan appoints Phakamani Hadebe Eskom CEO in sweeping SOE board changes"
5668:"Gordhan appoints Phakamani Hadebe Eskom CEO in sweeping SOE board changes"
5408:"Revealed! How Brian Molefe sabotaged SA's world-class renewables industry"
2650:
2618:
2462:
2455:
2358:
era policies. This is thought to have cultivated a culture of non-payment.
1882:
was appointed CEO of Eskom. De Ruyter's appointment was criticised by the
1853:
1849:
1836:
1482:
1478:
865:
741:
699:
576:
484:
408:
114:
2389:
In the later months of 2007, South Africa started experiencing widespread
11740:
11719:
11624:
11323:
11103:
10994:
10619:
8666:
8634:
8427:
8415:
8335:
8261:
8251:
8181:
7858:"Sunday Read: Electricity costs will rocket way beyond 13.8%. Here's why"
7628:
6071:"South Africa police investigate alleged plot to poison CEO with cyanide"
4537:"Consolidated interim results for the six months ended 30 September 2010"
3991:"EXPLAINER: The plan to bankroll Eskom with government employee pensions"
3331:"Eskom and the multi-billion rand mega projects that could have saved SA"
2518:
2495:
2466:
1845:
837:
762:
644:
510:
472:
64:
8895:
7678:"Outgoing Eskom CEO Andre de Ruyter leaves with immediate effect | eNCA"
7653:"ANC leaders upset by Andre de Ruyter's scathing criticism of the party"
7361:"Brown orders Eskom to take legal steps against companies in Gupta saga"
7188:"Eskom is now rationing electricity at stage 6 – here's what that means"
4042:"Business Maverick: Union disunity holds up Cosatu's Eskom bailout idea"
3724:
12076:
11927:
11884:
10959:
10772:
9169:
8629:
8624:
8437:
8420:
8276:
8131:
7213:"As SA gets stage 6 load-shedding, Ramaphosa prepares to head to Egypt"
6836:
6353:"S&P's downgrades South Africa's Eskom further into junk territory"
6019:"Scandal at South Africa's Eskom: the CEO and the cyanide-laced coffee"
4267:. International Society for Electrostatic Precipitation. Archived from
2048:
1713:
1575:
1474:
861:
757:
684:
455:
in the Western Cape Province, the only nuclear power plant in Africa.
240:
169:
6731:"FACT CHECK: Does Soweto owe Eskom R18 billion in unpaid electricity?"
3691:"Eskom support will weigh on South Africa's finances - S&P Global"
3606:"Explainer: why South Africa's energy generator is in so much trouble"
3514:"South Africa's Eskom cannot say how long latest power cuts will last"
2927:"No power from Kusile after R233 billion and 15 years of construction"
2582:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
502:. However, employment in the mining sector threatens this transition.
11371:
11357:
11262:
11188:
11068:
11040:
10800:
10668:
10640:
10612:
9845:
9184:
8345:
8340:
8226:
8186:
7573:"Update: In the wake of Eskom scandal, two Deloitte directors resign"
7283:"André de Ruyter: Deliberate acts of sabotage are causing power cuts"
5908:"ESKOM'S SURPRISE BOSS: Questions arise after new Eskom CEO is named"
3487:"President Ramaphosa notes resignation of Eskom chair Mr Jabu Mabuza"
2959:"Eskom to be split into three SOEs, Cyril Ramaphosa confirms in Sona"
2632:
as damaging to the economy and requested that it not be implemented.
2355:
1653:
1470:
733:
567:
One of Eskom's first power plants was a coal-fired 128 MW station in
549:
541:
which allowed the South African Electricity Control Board to appoint
527:
436:
265:
160:
6571:"Eskom urged to divulge R33bn loan terms with China bank | IOL News"
2862:"South Africa is second-largest hotspot of sulfur dioxide emissions"
2502:
to recover R207 million in consulting fees from the consulting firm
12111:
11858:
11830:
11802:
11638:
11494:
11206:
11124:
10924:
10582:
9840:
8459:
7162:"Eskom was told to keep the lights on at all costs until elections"
6545:"Terms of Chinese loan to Eskom still confidential, says Ramaphosa"
3939:"Eskom's De Ruyter must either toe government's line or ours - NUM"
2901:"Thabo Mbeki's explosive allegations about Eskom and load-shedding"
2507:
2503:
2426:
1509:
977:
666:
5543:"Molefe among Eskom, Transnet executives facing arrest in January"
5317:"$ 11 Billion Green-Energy Initiative Takes Shape in South Africa"
5189:
Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series
3459:"WRAP | Ramaphosa's promise to SA: 'It won't be a dark Christmas'"
12097:
12012:
11966:
11747:
11677:
11652:
11304:
11234:
11227:
11089:
10987:
10589:
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
8380:
8370:
7001:"Watch Majuba Power Station Seconds Before Silo Collapse (Video)"
6909:"Eskom To Export Electricity To Zimbabwe Only If It Is Available"
5750:
Skiti, Sabelo; Cowan, Kyle; wa Africa, Mzilikazi (27 July 2017).
3629:
2728:"Which Countries Produce And Consume Most Electricity in Africa?"
2655:
723:
corruption, coal availability, and that new power plants such as
568:
444:
110:
5570:"Ex-Eskom chair Zola Tsotsi testifies how Guptas threatened him"
3632:
White Paper on the Energy Policy of the Republic of South Africa
11985:
11480:
11290:
11269:
11220:
11138:
10966:
10838:
10661:
10605:
10198:
10113:
8375:
7882:
7390:
amaBhungane Centre for Investigative Journalism (9 June 2017).
7136:"ANALYSIS: Eskom's nine circles of hell, and election politics"
4259:
1875:
1856:
and for allegedly allowing the company to become a vehicle for
1802:
557:
552:, later issuing state-guaranteed loans instead. The coal-fired
416:
78:
4016:"Solidarity vows to fight Cosatu's Eskom pensions rescue plan"
3888:"Reading the signs, Eskom's death spiral is about to speed up"
3354:
2785:"Eskom, Sasol Emit Over Half of South Africa's Greenhouse Gas"
916:
In December 2019 COSATU suggested that money be used from the
12090:
12019:
11877:
11522:
11131:
10695:
10536:
10450:
10148:
10053:
7031:"Eskom admits another coal-storage silo at Majuba is cracked"
3637:(Report). Department of Minerals and Energy. pp. 55–56.
359:
196:
6852:"Zimbabwe Receiving "Uninterrupted Power Supply" from Eskom"
6756:"Protests over power cuts disrupt morning traffic in Soweto"
5441:"Former Eskom chair Ben Ngubane 'wanted papers blacklisted'"
5049:. South Africa: The Good News. 29 March 2009. Archived from
4484:. Government of South Africa. 11 August 2008. Archived from
3588:"Will South Africa's Power Crisis Sink Its Green Ambitions?"
3303:"Dark days are here again: As Eskom buckles, anger rises..."
719:
resources. Other reasons cited included legacy issues from
12083:
11645:
11417:
10517:
10236:
8330:
7829:"How Eskom's looming 'death spiral' is menacing SA economy"
7420:"SIU probes R139 billion rot at Medupi and Kusile - report"
7309:"Eskom finds evidence of sabotage at Lethabo Power Station"
6806:
5721:"Eskom head Hadebe quits 'toxic' job | IOL Business Report"
4349:
3914:"South Africa's Eskom facing "death spiral": departing CEO"
3564:
South Africa nearing end of daily power cuts, minister says
1902:
partly due to de Ruyter's advocacy for replacing coal with
610:
to both provide power to Cape Town and help facilitate the
8114:
7930:"'SA bent over backwards for Eskom': Nersa heads to court"
7525:"The dirt on Deloitte's consulting deals at Eskom, Part 1"
7085:"Eskom load shedding at crisis levels, says energy expert"
6519:"Eskom inks R33.4bn loan deal with China Development Bank"
3082:. Johannesburg: Chris van Rensburg Publishers. p. 77.
1789:
844:
In February 2019, these plans were resurrected during the
330:
The Natal Navigation Colliers & Estate Company Limited
2749:"Electricity - production - Country Comparison - TOP 100"
2212:
376:
7885:"Eskom's latest hike will 'wipe out' R80 grant increase"
6384:"Goldman Sachs sees Eskom as biggest risk to SA economy"
2473:
to Anoj Singh and acting chief executive Matshela Koko.
2367:
electricity is only supplied if Eskom does not need it.
415:. The utility is the largest producer of electricity in
9790:
6382:
Bonorchis, Renee; Burkhardt, Paul (22 September 2017).
5039:
4500:
3301:
Mthethwa, Rebecca Davis and Ayanda (11 February 2019).
1828:
prefixes of all registered network operator licensees.
1460:
625:
5752:"Eskom suspends Gupta-linked finance chief Anoj Singh"
4880:"CASE STUDY OF INGULA AND LIMA PUMPED STORAGE SCHEMES"
3539:"Eskom stage 2 load shedding starts on Sunday morning"
2933:. dailyinvestor.com. Daily Investor. 12 September 2023
2465:. In September 2017, Minister for Public Enterprises,
8089:
Eskom: Electricity and Technopolitics in South Africa
7110:"Eskom's nine circles of hell, and election politics"
5830:"Eskom CEO appointment met with surprise, scepticism"
5187:"AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK: Africa Investment Forum".
4904:
3077:
702:
and the administration of then President Jacob Zuma.
139:
Electricity generation, transmission and distribution
7703:"Andrè de Ruyter leaves Eskom with immediate effect"
5007:
4508:"CONSTRUCTION OF KUSILE POWER STATION GETS UNDERWAY"
3719:, OECD Publishing, 11 March 2019, pp. 192–193,
3575:
South Africa: load shedding will intensify in winter
3251:. Nuclear Engineering International. 1 February 2018
3249:"South Africa's nuclear plans under reconsideration"
606:
In 1974 the company was instructed to start work on
582:
5749:
5344:"Fibre optic roll out on Eskom transmission system"
3630:Department of Minerals and Energy (December 1998).
2907:. dailyinvestor.com. Daily Investor. 24 August 2023
2489:
6381:
5882:"EFF rejects de Ruyter's appointment as Eskom CEO"
4109:"ANKERLIG AND GOURIKWA GAS TURBINE POWER STATIONS"
2983:McKenzie, David; Balkiz, Ghazi (2 November 2021).
8059:"Eskom's unaffordable tariff hikes need a review"
5856:"Nampak's Andre de Ruyter appointed as Eskom CEO"
5595:"Matshela Koko takes reins at Eskom as acting CE"
4568:
4566:
4564:
4474:
4442:
3078:Conradie, S. R.; Messerschmidt, L. J. M. (2000).
2370:
12175:
7883:KAILENE PILLAY AND SE-ANNE RALL (4 April 2019).
7598:"Eskom picks Deloitte as next external auditors"
7334:"Saboteurs threaten South Africa's power supply"
5932:Mills, Ray Hartley and Greg (14 December 2022).
3837:"Eskom death spiral: Where's the restructuring?"
3585:
954:
924:, was also skeptical of COSATU's proposed plan.
667:Load shedding and second expansion: 2007-present
8086:
7778:"Eskom's shocking annual price hike since 2007"
4951:
4750:
4286:
3862:"Why the lights keep going out in South Africa"
3119:"South African Inflation Adjustment Calculator"
3055:Electricity, Industry and Class in South Africa
2295:of investment, with a "very high credit risk".
5986:"NEWSFLASH: Eskom CEO André de Ruyter resigns"
4815:
4597:
4595:
4561:
4531:
4529:
4312:
3355:Mike Cohen and Paul Vecchiatto (5 June 2019).
3227:"Eskom defends SA's nuclear aspirations | IOL"
2982:
2351:City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
10503:
9776:
8911:
8147:
7911:"Eskom tariff hike - Energy Expert Coalition"
4698:
4681:"Majuba Coal Fired Power Plant, South Africa"
4621:
4338:
4260:Rod Hansen, Robbie van Rensburg (June 2006).
4253:
2663:– founder and first chairman of ESCOM (Eskom)
879:National Transmission Company of South Africa
496:2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference
5811:, Oxford University Press, 1 December 2007,
4938:"IAEA PRIS – Country Details – South Africa"
4789:
4647:
4398:"The Role of the State in the Energy Sector"
4364:
4201:
3241:
1874:Six months after Hadebe's departure, former
1803:Investment in renewables, hydro, wind, solar
695:
10252:President of South Africa Residence Nkandla
7753:
7307:Tshikalange, Shonisani (19 November 2021).
7306:
6935:"Expect Tight Energy Supply for Four Years"
5783:"Eskom: The art of steering a sinking ship"
5123:"Renewable Energy - Sere wind farm project"
4977:
4847:
4724:
4592:
4526:
4416:
4227:
4126:
4103:
4101:
4090:
4088:
3599:
3597:
3023:
2532:
1777:
405:Elektrisiteitsvoorsieningskommissie (EVKOM)
322:Technology Services International (Pty) Ltd
12189:Government-owned companies of South Africa
10510:
10496:
9783:
9769:
8918:
8904:
8154:
8140:
7358:
6906:
5774:
5718:
5567:
3024:Holtzhausen, Jacobus Petrus (March 2012).
2449:
612:South African government's nuclear program
573:Victoria Falls and Transvaal Power Company
488:
298:Hem-kom Live Line Engineering(pty) Limited
8991:National Energy Regulator of South Africa
8925:
7756:"Eskom electricity prices – 1994 to 2020"
6543:Magubane, Khulekani (11 September 2018).
6464:
5239:
5161:
4542:. Eskom. 23 November 2011. Archived from
4185:"Fact sheets with additional information"
2610:National Energy Regulator of South Africa
2361:
707:National Energy Regulator of South Africa
12184:Electric power companies of South Africa
9612:Johannesburg Landfill Gas to Electricity
8986:South African Nuclear Energy Corporation
8161:
8087:Jaglin, Sylvy; Dubresson, Alain (2016).
7927:
7280:
7159:
7060:
7058:
7056:
6542:
6328:"Coal black cloud over Eskom's big loss"
5780:
5568:le Cordeur, Matthew (22 November 2017).
5341:
4859:Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
4390:
4098:
4085:
3885:
3757:"Eskom unbundling 'milestone' announced"
3603:
3594:
3300:
3199:
3052:
2380:
1900:Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy
1835:
1464:
819:
694:In 2017, Eskom was the focus of a major
649:
586:
509:
27:South African electricity public utility
12199:Nuclear power companies of South Africa
10451:Rheinmetall Denel Munition South Africa
10242:Mahlamba Ndlopfu Presidential Residence
7928:Slabbert, Antoinette (5 January 2020).
7852:
7850:
7414:
7412:
6932:
6724:
6722:
6669:
6667:
6569:Maqhina, Mayibongwe (29 October 2018).
6568:
6516:
6490:
6325:
6016:
6012:
6010:
6008:
6006:
5712:
5435:
5433:
3911:
3805:
3662:
3328:
2725:
2529:was expiring at the end of that month.
1811:
1790:South Africa's integrated resource plan
1767:Tubatse Pumped Storage Scheme – 1500MWe
395:. Eskom was established in 1923 as the
14:
12176:
12084:South African Broadcasting Corporation
11618:Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers
10687:
10247:Sefako Makgatho Presidential Residence
8005:
7570:
7522:
7444:
7359:Vecchiatto, Paul (22 September 2017).
7133:
6984:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6299:
6210:
6208:
6179:
6177:
6148:
6146:
5984:Diemen, Ethan van (14 December 2022).
5983:
5905:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5464:
4510:. Eskom. 5 August 2008. Archived from
4179:
4177:
4175:
3881:
3879:
3834:
3830:
3828:
3806:Niselow, Tehillah (13 February 2019).
3754:
3357:"How Eskom maimed SA's entire economy"
3324:
3322:
3272:"No more steep tariff hikes for Eskom"
3195:
3193:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2135:Employee benefit expenses (R billion)
1822:All-dielectric self-supporting cabling
942:List of power stations in South Africa
423:. Eskom operates a number of notable
421:South Africa's state owned enterprises
310:Rosherville Vehicle Services (Pty) Ltd
10491:
10431:BAE Systems Land Systems South Africa
10237:Nelson Mandela Qunu Village residence
9764:
8899:
8135:
8056:
7754:Labuschagne, Hanno (17 August 2020).
7727:
7281:Haffajee, Ferial (19 November 2021).
7254:
7053:
6998:
6880:
6407:
6068:
5931:
5906:Merten, Marianne (18 November 2019).
5719:Mkhawanazi, Siyabonga (26 May 2019).
5020:. Eskom. October 2005. Archived from
4828:. Eskom. October 2005. Archived from
4603:"Eskom Supply status – week 47, 2013"
4482:"Work begins on Kusile power station"
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4039:
3688:
3329:Gosling, Melanie (13 February 2019).
3269:
2956:
2859:
2833:
2614:Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse (OUTA)
935:
736:in 2019. In December 2019, President
530:in 1895 with the construction of the
397:Electricity Supply Commission (ESCOM)
11004:
10288:Northern Cape Provincial Legislature
9743:
7847:
7409:
6933:Hartleb, Thomas (11 February 2008).
6862:from the original on 25 October 2020
6849:
6719:
6699:
6664:
6264:
6236:
6107:
6003:
5686:
5430:
4989:International Hydropower Association
3717:Measuring the Digital Transformation
3663:Omarjee, Lameez (13 February 2019).
3644:from the original on 15 October 2021
3080:A Symphony of Power: The Eskom Story
2568:
2433:the matter had been referred to the
2410:2019 South African general elections
2265:Standard & Poor's Global Ratings
1831:
1461:Renewable and nuclear power stations
922:Federation of Unions of South Africa
626:Post-1994 election period: 1994-2007
479:during this period was fraught with
274:Eskom Enterprises Global West Africa
12063:Development Bank of Southern Africa
10446:South African National Space Agency
10278:Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature
10262:Presidential Residence (Genadendal)
9792:National Key Points in South Africa
9703:Department of Energy (South Africa)
9635:
7747:
7445:HOSKEN, GRAEME (24 February 2019).
7082:
6809:Review of African Political Economy
6517:Khumalo, Sibongile (24 July 2018).
6465:Chabalala, Jeanette (15 May 2019).
6205:
6174:
6143:
5738:
5465:Chutel, Lynsey (11 November 2016).
5195:(11): 22365B–22367A. January 2019.
4823:"Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme"
3965:"Cosatu suggests an Eskom solution"
3912:Winning, Alexander (30 July 2019).
3876:
3825:
3511:
3319:
3190:
3002:
2945:
2919:
2893:
2679:
463:. By releasing 1.6 million tons of
318:South Dunes Coal Terminal (Pty) Ltd
24:
10328:Western Cape Provincial Parliament
8832:Renewable energy commercialization
8080:
7134:Merten, Marianne (26 March 2019).
7037:. 21 November 2014. Archived from
6999:Gibbs, JeVanne (4 November 2014).
6881:Banya, Nelson (11 December 2019).
6619:
6300:Merten, Marianne (24 April 2019).
5817:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.17529
5099:"Renewable Energy: Sere wind farm"
4152:
4065:
3835:Duncan, Felicity (1 August 2019).
3604:Crompton, Rod (10 February 2019).
2561:
2494:In October 2019, Eskom's chairman
2335:
1824:. It currently has the sixth most
1758:
891:
25:
12215:
10467:O. R. Tambo International Airport
10386:Onderstepoort Biological Products
10298:North West Provincial Legislature
9924:Durban North Distribution Station
9919:Durban South Distribution Station
9165:Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme
8106:
7801:
7728:Bloom, Kevin (26 February 2023).
7650:
7523:Comrie, Susan (15 January 2020).
7160:Modjadji, Ngwako (1 April 2019).
6728:
6675:"Cosatu has a plan to save Eskom"
6491:Mahlaka, Ray (22 February 2023).
6042:
5640:
5414:. 2 February 2018. Archived from
4040:Davie, Kevin (12 February 2020).
3886:Haffajee, Ferial (31 July 2019).
3586:Mariel Ferragamo (20 July 2023).
3200:Donnelly, Lynley (10 June 2011).
3174:. 21 January 2007. Archived from
2726:Sanchez, Dana (28 October 2014).
1550:Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme
856:In a February 2019 briefing, the
583:First expansion period: 1960-1994
302:Mountain Communications (Pty) Ltd
282:Eskom Finance Company SOC Limited
12150:
12149:
11027:African Alliance Investment Bank
10472:King Shaka International Airport
9999:Muldersvlei Transmission Station
9742:
9731:
9730:
9591:Wesley-Ciskei Wind Power Station
9406:Dassiesklip Wind Energy Facility
8880:
8879:
8300:
8050:
8025:
8006:Zeeman, Kyle (23 January 2022).
7999:
7973:
7947:
7921:
7903:
7876:
7821:
7795:
7770:
7721:
7695:
7670:
7644:
7616:
7590:
7564:
7542:
7516:
7490:
7464:
7438:
7383:
7352:
7326:
7300:
7274:
7255:Cowan, Kyle (19 November 2021).
7248:
7230:
7205:
7179:
7153:
7127:
7102:
7076:
7023:
6992:
6952:
6926:
6900:
6874:
6843:
6800:
6774:
6748:
6693:
6639:
6613:
6588:
6562:
6536:
6510:
6484:
6458:
6432:
6401:
6375:
6345:
6326:KHUMALO, KABELO (31 July 2019).
6319:
6293:
6096:
6062:
6036:
5977:
5951:
5925:
5899:
5874:
5848:
5822:
5800:
5781:Donnelly, Lynley (29 May 2019).
5660:
5641:Cowan, Pieter du Toit and Kyle.
5634:
5608:
5587:
5561:
5535:
5510:
5484:
5458:
5400:
5335:
5309:
5234:. IEEE. April 2019. pp. i.
5201:10.1111/j.1467-6346.2018.08659.x
5156:. IEEE. April 2019. pp. i.
4959:"Annual Report 2006 (Chapter 3)"
3689:Jones, Marc (21 February 2019).
3057:. London: Macmillan. p. 5.
2957:Paton, Carol (7 February 2019).
2573:
2490:2019 Deloitte consulting lawsuit
2330:
1773:Tasakoolo Wind farm 200 – 200Mwe
858:Department of Public Enterprises
807:
795:
783:
228:
227:
203:
202:
176:
175:
148:
147:
38:
12194:Companies based in Johannesburg
12162:Companies based in Johannesburg
10477:Cape Town International Airport
10363:South African Bank Note Company
10318:Houses of Parliament, Cape Town
10184:Transnet Pipeline Witbank Depot
9934:Lotus Park Distribution station
9904:Klaarwater Distribution Station
9864:Grassridge Transmission Station
9566:Tsitsikamma Community Wind Farm
9451:Impofu Wind Power Farms Complex
8122:Official Eskom Heritage website
7185:
6907:cfeditoren (12 December 2019).
6408:Laing, Robert (29 March 2018).
6272:"Integrated Annual Report 2019"
6244:"Integrated Annual Report 2018"
6216:"Integrated Annual Report 2017"
6185:"Integrated Annual Report 2015"
6154:"Integrated Annual Report 2013"
6115:"Integrated Annual Report 2011"
6017:Pilling, David (2 March 2023).
5616:"Eskom's Matshela Koko resigns"
5283:
5258:
5223:
5180:
5145:
5115:
5091:
5065:
5015:"Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme"
4985:"Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme"
4930:
4872:
4764:
4673:
4450:"Coal-burning generating plant"
4059:
4033:
4008:
3983:
3957:
3931:
3905:
3854:
3799:
3774:
3748:
3708:
3682:
3656:
3623:
3590:. Council on Foreign Relations.
3579:
3568:
3557:
3531:
3505:
3479:
3451:
3425:
3399:
3374:
3348:
3294:
3263:
3219:
3164:
3132:
3111:
3086:
3071:
3046:
2976:
2834:McKay, David (19 August 2019).
2698:"Integrated Annual Report 2021"
2498:filed a court affidavit at the
2309:
1580:Free State-Eastern Cape border
872:
391:is a South African electricity
334:Trans Africa Projects (Pty) Ltd
270:Eskom Enterprises (Pty) Limited
10009:Droeriver Transmission Station
9658:Graaff Electric Lighting Works
7571:Comrie, Susan (9 April 2020).
6850:Head, Tom (11 December 2019).
3270:Joffe, Hilary (5 March 2018).
2879:
2853:
2827:
2802:
2777:
2767:"Company information overview"
2759:
2741:
2719:
2371:Power shortage: 2007 - ongoing
946:
532:Graaff Electric Lighting Works
314:Rotek Industries (Pty) Limited
258:EON Solutions Africa (Pty) Ltd
13:
1:
12155:Companies based in Ekurhuleni
12049:Airports Company South Africa
10794:Rossair Executive Air Charter
10703:African International Airways
10411:Main Telephone Exchange (PPR)
10308:Government Building Nelspruit
10014:Koeberg Nuclear Power Station
9333:Touwsrivier CPV Solar Project
9216:Koeberg Nuclear Power Station
9190:Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme
8827:Renewable Energy Certificates
8787:Cost of electricity by source
8709:Arc-fault circuit interrupter
8585:High-voltage shore connection
3755:Comins, Lyse (30 July 2023).
2789:news.bloombergenvironment.com
2672:
2517:In April 2020, Deloitte told
2444:
1918:
1848:as chairperson of the board.
1680:Palmiet Pumped Storage Scheme
955:Fossil-fuelled power stations
927:
918:Public Investment Corporation
907:National Union of Mineworkers
608:Koeberg nuclear power station
543:Hendrik Johannes van der Bijl
453:Koeberg Nuclear Power Station
9909:Pegasus Transmission Station
9889:Minerva Transmission Station
9869:Perseus Transmission Station
9328:SlimSun Swartland Solar Park
9323:Redstone Solar Thermal Power
9247:Newcastle Cogeneration Plant
9175:Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme
8842:Spark/Dark/Quark/Bark spread
8640:Transmission system operator
8600:Mains electricity by country
8177:Automatic generation control
7447:"Eskom: R139bn theft probed"
6410:"Eskom's credit rating blow"
5241:10.1109/icnsurv.2019.8735411
5163:10.1109/icnsurv.2019.8735411
4400:. dme.gov.za. Archived from
2354:non-violent protest against
2211:Electrical output capacity (
1602:Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme
1524:Colley Wobbles Power Station
632:democratic elections in 1994
534:to power 775 street lights.
306:PN Energy Services (Pty) Ltd
7:
10436:Hartebeeshoek Earth Station
10323:120 Plein Street, Cape Town
10004:Acasia Transmission Station
9929:Athene Transmission Station
9899:Impala Transmission Station
9884:Apollo Transmission Station
9718:South African energy crisis
9283:Jasper Solar Energy Project
9123:Pretoria West Power Station
8867:List of electricity sectors
8862:Electric energy consumption
8580:High-voltage direct current
8555:Electric power transmission
8545:Electric power distribution
8222:Energy return on investment
5356:10.1109/TDCLLM.2003.1196468
5270:www.cliffedekkerhofmeyr.com
5073:"Renewable Energy Projects"
5047:"SA to get third wind farm"
2667:South African energy crisis
2639:
2602:in 2007 marked on the chart
2600:South African energy crisis
2415:
2377:South African energy crisis
2324:Zondo Commission of Inquiry
846:State of the Nation address
673:South African energy crisis
413:Southern African Power Pool
10:
12220:
12204:Corruption in South Africa
11572:Union Carriage & Wagon
11256:iVeri Payment Technologies
11076:Imperial Bank South Africa
10174:Bosloop Water Pump Station
10124:Tarlton Distribution Depot
10049:OilTanking Grindrod Calulo
9879:Hydra Transmission Station
9713:Renewable energy in Africa
9351:Amakhala Emoyeni Wind Farm
9318:Mulilo Sonnedix Prieska PV
9048:Bloemfontein Power Station
8782:Carbon offsets and credits
8500:Three-phase electric power
3053:Christie, Renfrew (1984).
2479:Special Investigating Unit
2453:
2374:
939:
905:as Eskom CEO trade unions
876:
670:
505:
278:Eskom Finance Co (Pty) Ltd
18:Eskom Finance Co (Pty) Ltd
12144:
12036:
11997:
11958:
11896:
11785:
11669:
11602:
11467:Isuzu Trucks South Africa
11402:
11342:
11198:
11166:
10880:
10855:
10828:
10574:
10526:
10459:
10371:
10303:KwaZulu-Natal Legislature
10270:
10227:
10164:Grootfontein Pump Station
10037:
9914:Drakensberg Power Station
9854:
9798:
9726:
9695:
9624:
9604:
9556:Seriti Wind Power Station
9341:
9260:
9224:
9208:
9157:
9136:
9035:
9024:
9007:Atomic Energy Corporation
8999:
8973:
8964:
8931:
8875:
8850:
8837:Renewable Energy Payments
8760:
8697:
8659:
8513:
8450:
8361:
8326:Fossil fuel power station
8316:
8309:
8298:
8169:
6821:10.1080/03056248708703748
6444:Moody's Investors Service
4294:"Grootvlei Power Station"
2344:
2286:Moody's Investors Service
1469:Eskom Generation's pilot
654:Construction work on the
537:Eskom was founded by the
526:. This was followed by
372:
368:
350:
346:
290:Gallium Insurance Co. Ltd
239:
221:
194:
167:
143:
135:
120:
102:
84:
74:
56:
46:
37:
11692:African Rainbow Minerals
11298:Teraco Data Environments
11020:Access Bank South Africa
10391:SSA Communication Centre
10293:Pretoria Union Buildings
10179:Nooitgedact Pump Station
10159:Rieftontein Pump Station
10119:Airport e-Natis Facility
9959:Sol Transmission Station
9673:Mount Road Power Station
9486:Loeriesfontein Wind Farm
9278:Droogfontein Solar Power
8620:Single-wire earth return
8560:Electrical busbar system
8217:Energy demand management
8091:. Cape Town: UCT Press.
8057:Eyaaz (29 August 2024).
6069:Staff (8 January 2023).
5350:. IEEE. pp. 50–57.
4320:"HENDRINA POWER STATION"
3491:www.thepresidency.gov.za
3202:"Behind the Eskom purge"
3094:"Congella Power Station"
2533:2023 de Ruyter interview
1886:and factions within the
1797:renewable energy sources
1778:Investment in renewables
772:
562:Salt River Power Station
475:. Implementation of new
461:greenhouse gas emissions
254:Amazing Amanzi (Pty) Ltd
11551:South African Breweries
10648:Phoebus Apollo Aviation
10024:Ankerlig Power Station
9894:Grootvlei Power Station
9846:Mokolo Dam Pump Station
9683:Swartkops Power Station
9668:Kroonstad Power Station
9496:Noblesfontein Wind Farm
9431:Golden Valley Wind Farm
9180:Kouga Dam Power Station
9063:Grootvlei Power Station
8751:Residual-current device
8741:Power system protection
8731:Generator interlock kit
8063:The Mail & Guardian
6679:The Mail & Guardian
5963:The Mail & Guardian
4961:. Eskom. Archived from
4912:"Koeberg Power Station"
4799:. Eskom. Archived from
4734:. Eskom. Archived from
4708:. Eskom. Archived from
4706:"MATIMBA POWER STATION"
4657:. Eskom. Archived from
4631:. Eskom. Archived from
4629:"Lethabo Power Station"
4455:. Eskom. Archived from
4426:. Eskom. Archived from
4374:. Eskom. Archived from
4322:. Eskom. Archived from
4296:. Eskom. Archived from
4237:. Eskom. Archived from
4211:. Eskom. Archived from
4136:. Eskom. Archived from
3969:The Mail & Guardian
3864:. BBC. 16 February 2019
3761:The Mail & Guardian
3033:Stellenbosch University
2500:Johannesburg High Court
2450:2017 corruption scandal
2258:
2097:Total debt (R billion)
1144:Grootvlei Power Station
860:stated that Eskom was "
539:Electricity Act of 1922
90:; 101 years ago
11111:Stanchart South Africa
10381:Square Kilometre Array
10283:Free State Legislature
10214:FA Production Platform
10074:Kroonstad Pump Station
10064:Coalbrook Pump Station
10059:Bethlehem Pump Station
10019:Gourikwa Power Station
9944:Hendrina Power Station
9857:and transmission sites
9855:Electricity generation
9663:Ingagane Power Station
9653:Driehoek Power Station
9586:West Coast 1 Wind Farm
9456:Jeffreys Bay Wind Farm
9252:Port Rex Power Station
9242:Gourikwa Power Station
9237:Ankerlig Power Station
9068:Hendrina Power Station
9012:Johannesburg Gas Works
8939:Energy in South Africa
8535:Distributed generation
8207:Electric power quality
6122:financialresults.co.za
4797:"Tutuka Power Station"
4655:"KAJUBA POWER STATION"
4372:"KENDAL POWER STATION"
4209:"Camden Power Station"
2541:
2386:
2362:Zimbabwe Power Exports
2316:China Development Bank
1841:
1486:
1412:Port Rex Power Station
1284:4/6 units operational
1170:Hendrina Power Station
1120:Gourikwa Power Station
1020:Ankerlig Power Station
828:
663:
595:
554:Congella Power Station
515:
404:
12105:South African Airways
11852:Incredible Connection
10815:South African Express
10759:Interair South Africa
10194:Zaaihoek Pump Station
10169:Vygeboom Pump Station
9994:Matimba Power Station
9874:Lethabo Power Station
9678:Orlando Power Station
9648:Colenso Power Station
9643:Athlone Power Station
9576:Van Stadens Wind Farm
9526:Phezukomoya Wind Farm
9361:Brandvallei Wind Farm
9149:Rooiwal Power Station
9108:Matimba Power Station
9098:Lethabo Power Station
8926:Power in South Africa
8807:Fossil fuel phase-out
8575:Electricity retailing
8570:Electrical substation
8550:Electric power system
8127:Map of Power Stations
6700:Magubane, Khulekani.
5342:Marshall, E. (2003).
4732:"MATLA POWER STATION"
4424:"KRIEL POWER STATION"
4235:"DUVHA POWER STATION"
4134:"Arnot Power Station"
2537:
2384:
2322:by China. During the
2279:government guarantees
1906:as an energy source.
1890:who instead wanted a
1839:
1628:Koeberg Power Station
1468:
1340:Matimba Power Station
1292:Lethabo Power Station
862:technically insolvent
824:
820:Restructuring efforts
653:
634:and the start of the
590:
524:reduce crime at night
513:
429:Matimba Power Station
294:Golang Coal (Pty) Ltd
12006:Avis Southern Africa
11845:Hyundai South Africa
11824:The Creative Counsel
10967:Riovic Capital Group
10864:DLO Energy Resources
10846:Murray & Roberts
10520:Greater Johannesburg
10374:and technology sites
10209:PetroSA GTL Refinery
10189:Khutala Pump Station
10154:Jericho Pump Station
9989:Majuba Power Station
9984:Komati Power Station
9979:Kendal Power Station
9974:Tutuka Power Station
9939:Camden Power Station
9708:Coal in South Africa
9521:Perdekraal Wind Farm
9516:Oyster Bay Wind Farm
9471:Klipheuwel Wind Farm
9441:Grassridge Wind Farm
9426:Gibson Bay Wind Farm
9232:Acacia Power Station
9144:Kelvin Power Station
9128:Tutuka Power Station
9118:Medupi Power Station
9103:Majuba Power Station
9093:Kusile Power Station
9083:Komati Power Station
9078:Kendal Power Station
9073:Kelvin Power Station
9053:Camden Power Station
8163:Electricity delivery
7917:on 15 December 2019.
7371:on 22 September 2017
4803:on 27 September 2011
4661:on 16 September 2019
4514:on 27 September 2011
4241:on 27 September 2011
4215:on 27 September 2011
3512:Winning, Alexander.
2661:Hendrik van der Bijl
2173:Number of employees
1812:Other infrastructure
1436:Tutuka Power Station
1388:Medupi Power Station
1316:Majuba Power Station
1268:Kusile Power Station
1218:Komati Power Station
1194:Kendal Power Station
1070:Camden Power Station
994:Acacia Power Station
836:In December 1998, a
754:Tutuka Power Station
449:Kendal Power Station
441:Kusile Power Station
433:Medupi Power Station
407:). Eskom represents
338:Transpoint (Pty) Ltd
286:Eskom Uganda Limited
11175:Southern Sun Hotels
11062:First National Bank
10953:Lesaka Technologies
10787:Nationwide Airlines
10738:Executive Aerospace
10710:AirQuarius Aviation
10518:Companies based in
10348:SARB Port Elizabeth
10333:SARB Port Elizabeth
10313:Limpopo Legislature
9969:Duvha Power Station
9964:Matla Power Station
9954:Arnot Power Station
9949:Kriel Power Station
9561:Soetwater Wind Farm
9546:San Kraal Wind Farm
9541:Roggeveld Wind Farm
9536:Rietkloof Wind Farm
9491:Metrowind Wind Farm
9446:Hopefield Wind Farm
9436:Gouda Wind Facility
9416:Excelsior Wind Farm
9391:Copperton Wind Farm
9386:Cookhouse Wind Farm
9313:Letsatsi Solar Park
9113:Matla Power Station
9088:Kriel Power Station
9058:Duvha Power Station
9043:Arnot Power Station
8772:Availability factor
8724:Sulfur hexafluoride
8605:Overhead power line
8505:Virtual power plant
8480:Induction generator
8433:Sustainable biofuel
8242:Home energy storage
8232:Grid energy storage
8197:Droop speed control
7396:dailymaverick.co.za
7041:on 11 December 2014
7011:on 11 December 2014
6939:Mail & Guardian
6620:Dludla, Siphelele.
6363:on 26 November 2016
5418:on 26 December 2019
5323:. 16 September 2019
5133:on 21 December 2018
4712:on 18 November 2019
4404:on 16 December 2007
3725:10.1787/b710d3da-en
3178:on 22 February 2006
2646:Cahora Bassa (HVDC)
2320:debt-trap diplomacy
2293:"speculative grade"
2267:downgraded Eskom's
1364:Matla Power Station
1244:Kriel Power Station
1096:Duvha Power Station
1044:Arnot Power Station
740:, deputy president
640:Eskom Amendment Act
592:Arnot Power Station
477:generating capacity
223:Number of employees
188:US$ -1.28 billion
34:
12027:Surtees Rail Group
11762:Sibanye-Stillwater
11584:Basil Green Motors
11425:African Explosives
11317:Internet Solutions
11097:Rand Merchant Bank
10871:Total South Africa
10766:Interlink Airlines
10752:Imperial Air Cargo
10421:African Explosives
10401:Denel Land Systems
10104:Total Depot Alrode
10099:Sasol Depot Alrode
10089:Shell Depot Alrode
10069:Sasol Pump Station
9799:Water supply sites
9506:Noupoort Wind Farm
9381:Coleskop Wind Farm
9273:De Aar Solar Power
8646:Transmission tower
8257:Nameplate capacity
7782:businesstech.co.za
7709:. 22 February 2023
7632:. 22 February 2023
7478:. 19 December 2019
7426:. 24 February 2019
6600:businesslive.co.za
6446:. 24 November 2020
5965:. 15 December 2022
5862:. 18 November 2019
5836:. 18 November 2019
5787:The M&G Online
5622:. 16 February 2018
5620:businesslive.co.za
5549:. 22 December 2019
5498:. 27 February 2017
5445:businesslive.co.za
4835:on 16 October 2013
4549:on 24 January 2011
3971:. 13 December 2019
3945:. 18 December 2019
3467:. 11 December 2019
3439:. 11 December 2019
3413:. 11 December 2019
3206:The M&G Online
3152:on 2 February 2017
2963:businesslive.co.za
2866:businesstech.co.za
2773:. 14 January 2021.
2630:Geordin Hill-Lewis
2619:basic income grant
2387:
1842:
1818:fibre optic cables
1487:
936:Installed capacity
696:corruption scandal
664:
601:economies of scale
596:
516:
215:US$ 52.84 billion
126:Mpho Paul Makwana
32:
12171:
12170:
12056:Denel Aeronautics
11974:SA Waste Holdings
11699:AngloGold Ashanti
11537:SkyReach Aircraft
11446:Clover Industries
11391:Mandela and Tambo
11182:Sun International
11162:
11161:
10824:
10823:
10485:
10484:
10358:SARB Johannesburg
10343:SARB Bloemfontein
10230:residential sites
10079:Magdala TPL Depot
9758:
9757:
9691:
9690:
9620:
9619:
9581:Waainek Wind Farm
9531:Red Cap Wind Farm
9461:Kangans Wind Farm
9401:Darling Wind Farm
9308:Lesedi Solar Park
9020:
9019:
8893:
8892:
8797:Environmental tax
8677:Cascading failure
8446:
8445:
8282:Utility frequency
8098:978-1-77582-215-8
7987:. 22 January 2020
7961:. 15 January 2020
7835:. 6 December 2018
7604:. 4 November 2021
7504:. 22 January 2020
7186:Wet, Phillip de.
7035:Business day live
6856:The South African
6788:. 30 January 2020
6762:. 3 February 2020
6681:. 29 January 2020
5365:978-0-7803-7917-6
5297:. 28 January 2021
5251:978-1-72811-893-2
5173:978-1-72811-893-2
5079:on 24 August 2013
4995:on 7 January 2009
4965:on 3 January 2010
4462:on 17 August 2011
4430:on 24 August 2010
4326:on 25 August 2010
4300:on 25 August 2010
3918:finance.yahoo.com
3734:978-92-64-31198-5
3493:. 10 January 2020
3064:978-1-349-07032-9
2889:. 7 October 2021.
2707:. 15 January 2021
2595:
2594:
2544:- André de Ruyter
2391:rolling blackouts
2284:On 28 March 2018
2252:
2251:
1832:Corporate affairs
1770:Wind 500 – 550MWe
1756:
1755:
1458:
1457:
971:Date commissioned
767:COVID-19 lockdown
680:rolling blackouts
469:rolling blackouts
385:Eskom Hld SOC Ltd
382:
381:
262:Escap SOC Limited
235:
217:
213:
190:
186:
158:
88:1 March 1923
16:(Redirected from
12211:
12164:
12157:
12153:
12152:
12135:
12128:
12121:
12114:
12107:
12100:
12093:
12086:
12079:
12072:
12065:
12058:
12051:
12029:
12022:
12015:
12008:
11988:
11981:
11976:
11969:
11951:
11944:
11937:
11930:
11923:
11916:
11909:
11887:
11880:
11873:
11868:
11861:
11854:
11847:
11840:
11833:
11826:
11819:
11812:
11805:
11798:
11776:
11769:
11764:
11757:
11755:Northam Platinum
11750:
11743:
11736:
11729:
11722:
11715:
11708:
11701:
11694:
11687:
11680:
11662:
11655:
11648:
11641:
11634:
11632:Nu Metro Cinemas
11627:
11620:
11613:
11593:
11586:
11579:
11574:
11567:
11560:
11553:
11546:
11539:
11532:
11525:
11518:
11511:
11504:
11497:
11490:
11483:
11476:
11474:Land Systems OMC
11469:
11462:
11455:
11448:
11441:
11434:
11427:
11420:
11413:
11393:
11386:
11379:
11374:
11367:
11360:
11353:
11351:Bowman Gilfillan
11333:
11326:
11319:
11312:
11307:
11300:
11293:
11286:
11279:
11272:
11265:
11258:
11251:
11244:
11237:
11230:
11223:
11216:
11209:
11191:
11184:
11177:
11153:
11146:
11141:
11134:
11127:
11120:
11113:
11106:
11099:
11092:
11085:
11078:
11071:
11064:
11057:
11050:
11043:
11036:
11029:
11022:
11015:
11002:
11001:
10997:
10990:
10983:
10976:
10969:
10962:
10955:
10948:
10941:
10939:Livestock Wealth
10934:
10932:Liberty Holdings
10927:
10920:
10913:
10906:
10899:
10892:
10873:
10866:
10848:
10841:
10817:
10810:
10803:
10796:
10789:
10782:
10775:
10768:
10761:
10754:
10747:
10740:
10733:
10726:
10719:
10712:
10705:
10698:
10685:
10684:
10680:
10678:Solenta Aviation
10671:
10664:
10657:
10650:
10643:
10636:
10634:National Airways
10629:
10622:
10615:
10608:
10599:
10592:
10585:
10567:
10560:
10558:Chancellor House
10553:
10546:
10539:
10512:
10505:
10498:
10489:
10488:
10396:CSIR Wind Tunnel
10338:SARB East London
10271:Government sites
10204:PetroSA Voorbaai
10199:Chevron Refinery
10144:Rustenburg Depot
10134:Langlaagte Depot
10129:Klerksdorp Depot
10042:processing sites
9785:
9778:
9771:
9762:
9761:
9746:
9745:
9734:
9733:
9633:
9632:
9501:Nojoli Wind Farm
9476:Khobab Wind Farm
9466:Karusa Wind Farm
9411:Dorper Wind Farm
9396:De Aar Wind Farm
9366:Castle Wind Farm
9356:Aurora Wind Farm
9293:Kathu Solar Park
9033:
9032:
8971:
8970:
8949:Renewable energy
8920:
8913:
8906:
8897:
8896:
8883:
8882:
8792:Energy subsidies
8746:Protective relay
8687:Rolling blackout
8314:
8313:
8304:
8272:Power-flow study
8212:Electrical fault
8156:
8149:
8142:
8133:
8132:
8118:
8117:
8115:Official website
8102:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8069:
8054:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8043:
8029:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8018:
8003:
7997:
7996:
7994:
7992:
7977:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7966:
7951:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7940:
7925:
7919:
7918:
7913:. Archived from
7907:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7896:
7880:
7874:
7873:
7871:
7869:
7854:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7840:
7825:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7814:
7799:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7774:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7763:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7725:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7714:
7699:
7693:
7692:
7690:
7688:
7674:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7663:
7648:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7620:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7594:
7588:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7568:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7546:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7535:
7520:
7514:
7513:
7511:
7509:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7483:
7468:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7457:
7442:
7436:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7416:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7402:
7387:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7376:
7367:. Archived from
7356:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7345:
7330:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7319:
7304:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7293:
7278:
7272:
7271:
7269:
7267:
7252:
7246:
7245:
7234:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7209:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7198:
7183:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7172:
7157:
7151:
7150:
7148:
7146:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7120:
7106:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7083:Dlulane, Bonga.
7080:
7074:
7073:
7072:. 24 March 2019.
7062:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7046:
7027:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7016:
7007:. Archived from
6996:
6990:
6989:
6983:
6975:
6973:
6971:
6962:. Archived from
6956:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6945:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6904:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6878:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6847:
6841:
6840:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6793:
6778:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6767:
6752:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6726:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6712:
6697:
6691:
6690:
6688:
6686:
6671:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6643:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6632:
6617:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6581:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6540:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6514:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6436:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6420:on 29 March 2018
6416:. Archived from
6405:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6359:. Archived from
6349:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6338:
6323:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6312:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6276:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6248:
6240:
6234:
6233:
6231:
6229:
6220:
6212:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6198:
6189:
6181:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6167:
6158:
6150:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6131:on 17 March 2012
6130:
6124:. Archived from
6119:
6111:
6105:
6100:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6089:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6014:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5955:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5929:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5852:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5841:
5826:
5820:
5819:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5793:
5778:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5758:. Archived from
5747:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5716:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5705:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5437:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5404:
5398:
5397:
5391:
5387:
5385:
5377:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5302:
5295:Power Technology
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5243:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5165:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5129:. Archived from
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5103:
5095:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5075:. Archived from
5069:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5026:
5019:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4991:. Archived from
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4914:. Archived from
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4891:
4885:. Archived from
4884:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4834:
4827:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4776:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4685:Power Technology
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4605:. Archived from
4599:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4580:on 17 April 2015
4576:. Archived from
4570:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4548:
4541:
4533:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4454:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4273:
4266:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4189:
4181:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4113:
4105:
4096:
4092:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4066:Shange, Naledi.
4063:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3883:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3832:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3643:
3636:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3610:The Conversation
3601:
3592:
3591:
3583:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3326:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3278:. Archived from
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3197:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3172:"Eskom Homepage"
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3145:. Archived from
3144:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3030:
3021:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2954:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2702:
2694:
2577:
2576:
2569:
2545:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2037:
2006:Operating profit
1923:
1922:
1878:Chief Executive
1868:Phakamani Hadebe
1489:
1488:
959:
958:
832:
811:
799:
787:
500:renewable energy
233:
231:
230:
216:
211:
206:
205:
199:
189:
184:
179:
178:
156:
151:
150:
130:
98:
96:
91:
42:
35:
31:
21:
12219:
12218:
12214:
12213:
12212:
12210:
12209:
12208:
12174:
12173:
12172:
12167:
12160:
12148:
12140:
12131:
12126:
12119:Freightdynamics
12117:
12110:
12103:
12096:
12089:
12082:
12075:
12068:
12061:
12054:
12047:
12039:
12032:
12025:
12018:
12011:
12004:
11993:
11984:
11979:
11972:
11965:
11954:
11947:
11940:
11933:
11926:
11921:Mugg & Bean
11919:
11914:Debonairs Pizza
11912:
11905:
11898:
11892:
11883:
11876:
11871:
11864:
11857:
11850:
11843:
11838:Exclusive Books
11836:
11829:
11822:
11815:
11808:
11801:
11794:
11787:
11781:
11774:Simmer and Jack
11772:
11767:
11760:
11753:
11746:
11739:
11734:Impala Platinum
11732:
11725:
11718:
11711:
11704:
11697:
11690:
11683:
11676:
11665:
11658:
11651:
11644:
11637:
11630:
11623:
11616:
11609:
11598:
11591:New PowerChutes
11589:
11582:
11577:
11570:
11565:Truvelo Armoury
11563:
11556:
11549:
11542:
11535:
11528:
11521:
11516:Rembrandt Group
11514:
11507:
11500:
11493:
11488:Paramount Group
11486:
11479:
11472:
11465:
11458:
11451:
11444:
11437:
11430:
11423:
11416:
11409:
11398:
11389:
11382:
11377:
11370:
11363:
11356:
11349:
11338:
11331:Vision Software
11329:
11322:
11315:
11310:
11303:
11296:
11289:
11282:
11275:
11268:
11261:
11254:
11247:
11240:
11233:
11226:
11219:
11212:
11205:
11194:
11187:
11180:
11173:
11158:
11151:VBS Mutual Bank
11149:
11144:
11137:
11130:
11123:
11116:
11109:
11102:
11095:
11088:
11083:Mercantile Bank
11081:
11074:
11067:
11060:
11053:
11046:
11039:
11032:
11025:
11018:
11011:
11000:
10993:
10986:
10979:
10972:
10965:
10958:
10951:
10946:MiWay Insurance
10944:
10937:
10930:
10923:
10916:
10911:Evolution Group
10909:
10902:
10895:
10888:
10882:
10876:
10869:
10862:
10851:
10844:
10837:
10831:and engineering
10830:
10820:
10813:
10806:
10799:
10792:
10785:
10778:
10771:
10764:
10757:
10750:
10743:
10736:
10731:Command Airways
10729:
10722:
10715:
10708:
10701:
10694:
10683:
10676:
10667:
10660:
10653:
10646:
10639:
10632:
10627:Global Aviation
10625:
10618:
10611:
10604:
10595:
10588:
10581:
10570:
10563:
10556:
10549:
10542:
10535:
10528:
10522:
10516:
10486:
10481:
10455:
10373:
10367:
10266:
10229:
10223:
10084:Wilge TPL Depot
10054:Natref Refinery
10041:
10039:
10033:
9856:
9850:
9794:
9789:
9759:
9754:
9722:
9687:
9627:
9616:
9600:
9571:Umoya Wind Farm
9511:Nxuba Wind Farm
9481:Kouga Wind Farm
9421:Garob Wind Farm
9376:Coega Wind Farm
9371:Chaba Wind Farm
9337:
9256:
9220:
9204:
9200:Vanderkloof Dam
9153:
9132:
9027:
9016:
8995:
8966:
8960:
8927:
8924:
8894:
8889:
8871:
8855:
8853:
8846:
8777:Capacity factor
8765:
8763:
8756:
8736:Numerical relay
8714:Circuit breaker
8702:
8700:
8693:
8655:
8595:Load management
8565:Electrical grid
8530:Demand response
8523:
8518:
8509:
8490:Microgeneration
8442:
8357:
8305:
8296:
8292:Vehicle-to-grid
8165:
8160:
8113:
8112:
8109:
8099:
8083:
8081:Further reading
8078:
8077:
8067:
8065:
8055:
8051:
8041:
8039:
8031:
8030:
8026:
8016:
8014:
8004:
8000:
7990:
7988:
7979:
7978:
7974:
7964:
7962:
7953:
7952:
7948:
7938:
7936:
7926:
7922:
7909:
7908:
7904:
7894:
7892:
7881:
7877:
7867:
7865:
7864:. 10 March 2019
7856:
7855:
7848:
7838:
7836:
7827:
7826:
7822:
7812:
7810:
7800:
7796:
7786:
7784:
7776:
7775:
7771:
7761:
7759:
7752:
7748:
7738:
7736:
7726:
7722:
7712:
7710:
7701:
7700:
7696:
7686:
7684:
7676:
7675:
7671:
7661:
7659:
7651:Madia, Tshidi.
7649:
7645:
7635:
7633:
7622:
7621:
7617:
7607:
7605:
7596:
7595:
7591:
7581:
7579:
7569:
7565:
7555:
7553:
7552:. 21 March 2020
7548:
7547:
7543:
7533:
7531:
7521:
7517:
7507:
7505:
7496:
7495:
7491:
7481:
7479:
7470:
7469:
7465:
7455:
7453:
7443:
7439:
7429:
7427:
7418:
7417:
7410:
7400:
7398:
7388:
7384:
7374:
7372:
7357:
7353:
7343:
7341:
7332:
7331:
7327:
7317:
7315:
7305:
7301:
7291:
7289:
7279:
7275:
7265:
7263:
7253:
7249:
7236:
7235:
7231:
7221:
7219:
7211:
7210:
7206:
7196:
7194:
7192:Businessinsider
7184:
7180:
7170:
7168:
7158:
7154:
7144:
7142:
7132:
7128:
7118:
7116:
7108:
7107:
7103:
7093:
7091:
7081:
7077:
7064:
7063:
7054:
7044:
7042:
7029:
7028:
7024:
7014:
7012:
6997:
6993:
6977:
6976:
6969:
6967:
6966:on 3 April 2017
6960:"Archived copy"
6958:
6957:
6953:
6943:
6941:
6931:
6927:
6917:
6915:
6905:
6901:
6891:
6889:
6879:
6875:
6865:
6863:
6848:
6844:
6805:
6801:
6791:
6789:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6765:
6763:
6754:
6753:
6749:
6739:
6737:
6729:Check, Africa.
6727:
6720:
6710:
6708:
6698:
6694:
6684:
6682:
6673:
6672:
6665:
6655:
6653:
6645:
6644:
6640:
6630:
6628:
6618:
6614:
6604:
6602:
6594:
6593:
6589:
6579:
6577:
6567:
6563:
6553:
6551:
6541:
6537:
6527:
6525:
6515:
6511:
6501:
6499:
6489:
6485:
6475:
6473:
6463:
6459:
6449:
6447:
6438:
6437:
6433:
6423:
6421:
6406:
6402:
6392:
6390:
6380:
6376:
6366:
6364:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6336:
6334:
6324:
6320:
6310:
6308:
6298:
6294:
6284:
6282:
6274:
6270:
6269:
6265:
6255:
6253:
6246:
6242:
6241:
6237:
6227:
6225:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6206:
6196:
6194:
6187:
6183:
6182:
6175:
6165:
6163:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6144:
6134:
6132:
6128:
6117:
6113:
6112:
6108:
6101:
6097:
6087:
6085:
6067:
6063:
6053:
6051:
6041:
6037:
6027:
6025:
6023:Financial Times
6015:
6004:
5994:
5992:
5982:
5978:
5968:
5966:
5957:
5956:
5952:
5942:
5940:
5930:
5926:
5916:
5914:
5904:
5900:
5890:
5888:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5865:
5863:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5839:
5837:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5791:
5789:
5779:
5775:
5765:
5763:
5762:on 27 July 2017
5748:
5739:
5729:
5727:
5717:
5713:
5703:
5701:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5677:
5675:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5651:
5649:
5639:
5635:
5625:
5623:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5578:
5576:
5566:
5562:
5552:
5550:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5526:
5524:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5501:
5499:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5475:
5473:
5463:
5459:
5449:
5447:
5439:
5438:
5431:
5421:
5419:
5406:
5405:
5401:
5389:
5388:
5379:
5378:
5366:
5340:
5336:
5326:
5324:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5300:
5298:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5274:
5272:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5252:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5174:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5121:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5082:
5080:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5056:
5054:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5030:
5028:
5027:on 10 June 2011
5024:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5008:
4998:
4996:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4968:
4966:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4921:
4919:
4918:on 13 June 2020
4910:
4909:
4905:
4895:
4893:
4889:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4863:
4861:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4806:
4804:
4795:
4794:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4741:
4739:
4738:on 31 July 2020
4730:
4729:
4725:
4715:
4713:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4664:
4662:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4638:
4636:
4635:on 13 July 2009
4627:
4626:
4622:
4612:
4610:
4609:on 20 July 2014
4601:
4600:
4593:
4583:
4581:
4574:"Supply status"
4572:
4571:
4562:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4517:
4515:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4488:on 8 March 2009
4480:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4431:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4405:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4381:
4379:
4378:on 13 June 2010
4370:
4369:
4365:
4355:
4353:
4352:. November 1994
4344:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4301:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4277:
4275:
4274:on 26 July 2011
4271:
4264:
4258:
4254:
4244:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4153:
4143:
4141:
4140:on 3 March 2016
4132:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4099:
4093:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4038:
4034:
4024:
4022:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3995:BusinessInsider
3989:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3948:
3946:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3922:
3920:
3910:
3906:
3896:
3894:
3884:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3833:
3826:
3816:
3814:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3765:
3763:
3753:
3749:
3735:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3661:
3657:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3612:
3602:
3595:
3584:
3580:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3522:
3520:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3390:
3388:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3353:
3349:
3339:
3337:
3327:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3282:on 5 March 2018
3268:
3264:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3229:. 7 August 2016
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3198:
3191:
3181:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3028:
3022:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2955:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2680:
2675:
2642:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:Price increases
2547:
2543:
2535:
2492:
2458:
2452:
2447:
2422:Cyril Ramaphosa
2418:
2379:
2373:
2364:
2347:
2338:
2336:Municipal debts
2333:
2312:
2300:too big to fail
2261:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2035:
1921:
1880:André de Ruyter
1834:
1814:
1805:
1792:
1780:
1761:
1759:Future projects
1732:Vanderkloof Dam
1507:
1502:
1463:
1229:
1155:
1081:
981:
972:
957:
949:
944:
938:
930:
903:André de Ruyter
894:
892:COSATU response
881:
875:
834:
830:
822:
815:
812:
803:
800:
791:
788:
775:
675:
669:
658:(pictured) and
628:
585:
508:
465:sulphur dioxide
377:www.eskom.co.za
364:
342:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
250:
249:
224:
214:
195:
187:
172:
159:
131:
128:
127:
123:
94:
92:
89:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12217:
12207:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12186:
12169:
12168:
12166:
12165:
12158:
12145:
12142:
12141:
12139:
12138:
12137:
12136:
12124:
12123:
12122:
12108:
12101:
12094:
12087:
12080:
12073:
12066:
12059:
12052:
12044:
12042:
12034:
12033:
12031:
12030:
12023:
12016:
12009:
12001:
11999:
11995:
11994:
11992:
11991:
11990:
11989:
11977:
11970:
11962:
11960:
11956:
11955:
11953:
11952:
11945:
11938:
11931:
11924:
11917:
11910:
11907:Chicken Licken
11902:
11900:
11894:
11893:
11891:
11890:
11889:
11888:
11881:
11869:
11862:
11855:
11848:
11841:
11834:
11827:
11820:
11813:
11806:
11799:
11791:
11789:
11783:
11782:
11780:
11779:
11778:
11777:
11765:
11758:
11751:
11744:
11737:
11730:
11723:
11716:
11709:
11702:
11695:
11688:
11681:
11673:
11671:
11667:
11666:
11664:
11663:
11656:
11649:
11642:
11635:
11628:
11621:
11614:
11611:Arena Holdings
11606:
11604:
11600:
11599:
11597:
11596:
11595:
11594:
11587:
11575:
11568:
11561:
11554:
11547:
11544:Sling Aircraft
11540:
11533:
11526:
11519:
11512:
11505:
11498:
11491:
11484:
11477:
11470:
11463:
11456:
11449:
11442:
11435:
11428:
11421:
11414:
11406:
11404:
11400:
11399:
11397:
11396:
11395:
11394:
11387:
11375:
11368:
11365:Webber Wentzel
11361:
11354:
11346:
11344:
11340:
11339:
11337:
11336:
11335:
11334:
11327:
11320:
11308:
11301:
11294:
11287:
11280:
11273:
11266:
11259:
11252:
11245:
11242:Dimension Data
11238:
11231:
11224:
11217:
11210:
11202:
11200:
11196:
11195:
11193:
11192:
11185:
11178:
11170:
11168:
11164:
11163:
11160:
11159:
11157:
11156:
11155:
11154:
11142:
11135:
11128:
11121:
11114:
11107:
11100:
11093:
11086:
11079:
11072:
11069:FirstRand Bank
11065:
11058:
11051:
11044:
11037:
11030:
11023:
11016:
11008:
11006:
10999:
10998:
10991:
10984:
10977:
10970:
10963:
10956:
10949:
10942:
10935:
10928:
10921:
10914:
10907:
10900:
10893:
10885:
10883:
10878:
10877:
10875:
10874:
10867:
10859:
10857:
10853:
10852:
10850:
10849:
10842:
10834:
10832:
10826:
10825:
10822:
10821:
10819:
10818:
10811:
10804:
10797:
10790:
10783:
10776:
10769:
10762:
10755:
10748:
10745:Fly Blue Crane
10741:
10734:
10727:
10720:
10713:
10706:
10699:
10691:
10689:
10682:
10681:
10674:
10673:
10672:
10658:
10651:
10644:
10637:
10630:
10623:
10616:
10609:
10602:
10601:
10600:
10586:
10578:
10576:
10572:
10571:
10569:
10568:
10561:
10554:
10547:
10540:
10532:
10530:
10524:
10523:
10515:
10514:
10507:
10500:
10492:
10483:
10482:
10480:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10463:
10461:
10457:
10456:
10454:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10433:
10428:
10426:Denel Aviation
10423:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10406:Denel Dynamics
10403:
10398:
10393:
10388:
10383:
10377:
10375:
10372:Space, science
10369:
10368:
10366:
10365:
10360:
10355:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10274:
10272:
10268:
10267:
10265:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10233:
10231:
10225:
10224:
10222:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10171:
10166:
10161:
10156:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10139:Meyerton Depot
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10114:Chevron Texaco
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10094:Chevron Alrode
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10045:
10043:
10040:fuel depot and
10035:
10034:
10032:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9916:
9911:
9906:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9860:
9858:
9852:
9851:
9849:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9802:
9800:
9796:
9795:
9788:
9787:
9780:
9773:
9765:
9756:
9755:
9753:
9752:
9740:
9727:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9699:
9697:
9693:
9692:
9689:
9688:
9686:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9639:
9637:
9630:
9628:power stations
9626:Decommissioned
9622:
9621:
9618:
9617:
9615:
9614:
9608:
9606:
9602:
9601:
9599:
9598:
9596:Wolf Wind Farm
9593:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9551:Sere Wind Farm
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9347:
9345:
9339:
9338:
9336:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9298:KaXu Solar One
9295:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9264:
9262:
9258:
9257:
9255:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9228:
9226:
9222:
9221:
9219:
9218:
9212:
9210:
9206:
9205:
9203:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9161:
9159:
9158:Hydro-electric
9155:
9154:
9152:
9151:
9146:
9140:
9138:
9134:
9133:
9131:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9039:
9037:
9030:
9028:power stations
9022:
9021:
9018:
9017:
9015:
9014:
9009:
9003:
9001:
8997:
8996:
8994:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8977:
8975:
8968:
8962:
8961:
8959:
8958:
8957:
8956:
8946:
8941:
8935:
8933:
8929:
8928:
8923:
8922:
8915:
8908:
8900:
8891:
8890:
8888:
8887:
8876:
8873:
8872:
8870:
8869:
8864:
8858:
8856:
8852:Statistics and
8851:
8848:
8847:
8845:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8802:Feed-in tariff
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8768:
8766:
8761:
8758:
8757:
8755:
8754:
8748:
8743:
8738:
8733:
8728:
8727:
8726:
8721:
8711:
8705:
8703:
8698:
8695:
8694:
8692:
8691:
8690:
8689:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8663:
8661:
8657:
8656:
8654:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8590:Interconnector
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8540:Dynamic demand
8537:
8532:
8526:
8524:
8514:
8511:
8510:
8508:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8470:Combined cycle
8467:
8462:
8456:
8454:
8448:
8447:
8444:
8443:
8441:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8424:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8367:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8349:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8322:
8320:
8311:
8307:
8306:
8299:
8297:
8295:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8247:Load-following
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8202:Electric power
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8173:
8171:
8167:
8166:
8159:
8158:
8151:
8144:
8136:
8130:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8108:
8107:External links
8105:
8104:
8103:
8097:
8082:
8079:
8076:
8075:
8049:
8024:
7998:
7972:
7946:
7920:
7902:
7875:
7846:
7820:
7802:Felix, Jason.
7794:
7769:
7758:. My Boardband
7746:
7734:Daily Maverick
7720:
7694:
7669:
7643:
7615:
7589:
7563:
7541:
7515:
7489:
7463:
7437:
7408:
7382:
7351:
7325:
7299:
7287:Daily Maverick
7273:
7247:
7229:
7204:
7178:
7152:
7140:Daily Maverick
7126:
7101:
7075:
7052:
7022:
6991:
6951:
6925:
6899:
6873:
6842:
6799:
6773:
6747:
6718:
6692:
6663:
6638:
6612:
6587:
6561:
6535:
6509:
6497:Daily Maverick
6483:
6457:
6431:
6400:
6374:
6344:
6318:
6306:Daily Maverick
6292:
6263:
6235:
6204:
6173:
6142:
6106:
6095:
6061:
6035:
6002:
5990:Daily Maverick
5976:
5950:
5938:Daily Maverick
5924:
5912:Daily Maverick
5898:
5873:
5847:
5821:
5799:
5773:
5737:
5711:
5685:
5659:
5633:
5607:
5586:
5560:
5534:
5509:
5483:
5457:
5429:
5399:
5390:|journal=
5364:
5334:
5308:
5282:
5257:
5250:
5222:
5179:
5172:
5144:
5114:
5090:
5064:
5038:
5006:
4976:
4950:
4929:
4903:
4892:on 29 May 2015
4871:
4846:
4814:
4788:
4763:
4749:
4723:
4697:
4672:
4646:
4620:
4591:
4560:
4525:
4499:
4473:
4441:
4415:
4389:
4363:
4337:
4311:
4285:
4252:
4226:
4200:
4151:
4125:
4097:
4084:
4058:
4046:Daily Maverick
4032:
4007:
3982:
3956:
3930:
3904:
3875:
3853:
3824:
3798:
3773:
3747:
3733:
3715:"Daily life",
3707:
3681:
3655:
3622:
3593:
3578:
3567:
3556:
3545:. 12 July 2020
3530:
3504:
3478:
3450:
3424:
3398:
3373:
3347:
3318:
3306:Daily Maverick
3293:
3262:
3240:
3218:
3189:
3163:
3131:
3110:
3085:
3070:
3063:
3045:
3001:
2975:
2944:
2918:
2892:
2878:
2852:
2826:
2801:
2776:
2758:
2753:indexmundi.com
2740:
2718:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2638:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2581:
2579:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2556:Daily Maverick
2536:
2534:
2531:
2527:Grant Thornton
2491:
2488:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2439:Pravin Gordhan
2417:
2414:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2311:
2308:
2263:In late 2016,
2260:
2257:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1896:Gwede Mantashe
1833:
1830:
1813:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1791:
1788:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1736:Northern Cape
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1706:Sere Wind Farm
1702:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1606:KwaZulu-Natal
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:3,200 (4,800)
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
999:
996:
990:
989:
986:
983:
974:
969:
966:
963:
956:
953:
948:
945:
940:Main article:
937:
934:
929:
926:
893:
890:
877:Main article:
874:
871:
823:
821:
818:
817:
816:
813:
806:
804:
801:
794:
792:
789:
782:
774:
771:
750:Pravin Gordhan
746:Gwede Mantashe
744:and Ministers
698:involving the
668:
665:
627:
624:
584:
581:
507:
504:
425:power stations
393:public utility
380:
379:
374:
370:
369:
366:
365:
363:
362:
356:
354:
348:
347:
344:
343:
341:
340:
247:
246:
245:
243:
237:
236:
225:
222:
219:
218:
200:
192:
191:
183:-18.9 billion
173:
168:
165:
164:
155:204.3 billion
145:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
124:
121:
118:
117:
104:
100:
99:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
62:
57:
54:
53:
51:Public utility
48:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12216:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12182:
12181:
12179:
12163:
12159:
12156:
12147:
12146:
12143:
12134:
12130:
12129:
12125:
12120:
12116:
12115:
12113:
12109:
12106:
12102:
12099:
12095:
12092:
12088:
12085:
12081:
12078:
12074:
12071:
12067:
12064:
12060:
12057:
12053:
12050:
12046:
12045:
12043:
12041:
12035:
12028:
12024:
12021:
12017:
12014:
12010:
12007:
12003:
12002:
12000:
11996:
11987:
11983:
11982:
11978:
11975:
11971:
11968:
11964:
11963:
11961:
11957:
11950:
11946:
11943:
11939:
11936:
11935:Roman's Pizza
11932:
11929:
11925:
11922:
11918:
11915:
11911:
11908:
11904:
11903:
11901:
11895:
11886:
11882:
11879:
11875:
11874:
11870:
11867:
11863:
11860:
11856:
11853:
11849:
11846:
11842:
11839:
11835:
11832:
11828:
11825:
11821:
11818:
11814:
11811:
11807:
11804:
11800:
11797:
11793:
11792:
11790:
11784:
11775:
11771:
11770:
11766:
11763:
11759:
11756:
11752:
11749:
11745:
11742:
11738:
11735:
11731:
11728:
11724:
11721:
11717:
11714:
11710:
11707:
11703:
11700:
11696:
11693:
11689:
11686:
11685:Asa Resources
11682:
11679:
11675:
11674:
11672:
11668:
11661:
11657:
11654:
11650:
11647:
11643:
11640:
11636:
11633:
11629:
11626:
11622:
11619:
11615:
11612:
11608:
11607:
11605:
11601:
11592:
11588:
11585:
11581:
11580:
11576:
11573:
11569:
11566:
11562:
11559:
11555:
11552:
11548:
11545:
11541:
11538:
11534:
11531:
11527:
11524:
11520:
11517:
11513:
11510:
11509:Rand Refinery
11506:
11503:
11499:
11496:
11492:
11489:
11485:
11482:
11478:
11475:
11471:
11468:
11464:
11461:
11457:
11454:
11450:
11447:
11443:
11440:
11436:
11433:
11432:All Joy Foods
11429:
11426:
11422:
11419:
11415:
11412:
11411:Adcock Ingram
11408:
11407:
11405:
11403:Manufacturing
11401:
11392:
11388:
11385:
11381:
11380:
11376:
11373:
11369:
11366:
11362:
11359:
11355:
11352:
11348:
11347:
11345:
11341:
11332:
11328:
11325:
11321:
11318:
11314:
11313:
11309:
11306:
11302:
11299:
11295:
11292:
11288:
11285:
11281:
11278:
11277:OTEL Telecoms
11274:
11271:
11267:
11264:
11260:
11257:
11253:
11250:
11246:
11243:
11239:
11236:
11232:
11229:
11225:
11222:
11218:
11215:
11211:
11208:
11204:
11203:
11201:
11197:
11190:
11186:
11183:
11179:
11176:
11172:
11171:
11169:
11165:
11152:
11148:
11147:
11143:
11140:
11136:
11133:
11129:
11126:
11122:
11119:
11118:Standard Bank
11115:
11112:
11108:
11105:
11101:
11098:
11094:
11091:
11087:
11084:
11080:
11077:
11073:
11070:
11066:
11063:
11059:
11056:
11052:
11049:
11045:
11042:
11038:
11035:
11031:
11028:
11024:
11021:
11017:
11014:
11010:
11009:
11007:
11003:
10996:
10992:
10989:
10985:
10982:
10978:
10975:
10971:
10968:
10964:
10961:
10957:
10954:
10950:
10947:
10943:
10940:
10936:
10933:
10929:
10926:
10922:
10919:
10918:Hollard Group
10915:
10912:
10908:
10905:
10901:
10898:
10894:
10891:
10887:
10886:
10884:
10879:
10872:
10868:
10865:
10861:
10860:
10858:
10854:
10847:
10843:
10840:
10836:
10835:
10833:
10827:
10816:
10812:
10809:
10805:
10802:
10798:
10795:
10791:
10788:
10784:
10781:
10777:
10774:
10770:
10767:
10763:
10760:
10756:
10753:
10749:
10746:
10742:
10739:
10735:
10732:
10728:
10725:
10721:
10718:
10714:
10711:
10707:
10704:
10700:
10697:
10693:
10692:
10690:
10686:
10679:
10675:
10670:
10666:
10665:
10663:
10659:
10656:
10652:
10649:
10645:
10642:
10638:
10635:
10631:
10628:
10624:
10621:
10617:
10614:
10610:
10607:
10603:
10598:
10594:
10593:
10591:
10587:
10584:
10580:
10579:
10577:
10573:
10566:
10565:Famous Brands
10562:
10559:
10555:
10552:
10548:
10545:
10541:
10538:
10534:
10533:
10531:
10529:conglomerates
10525:
10521:
10513:
10508:
10506:
10501:
10499:
10494:
10493:
10490:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10464:
10462:
10458:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10422:
10419:
10417:
10416:ArcelorMittal
10414:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10404:
10402:
10399:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10378:
10376:
10370:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10353:SARB Pretoria
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10275:
10273:
10269:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10257:JL Dube House
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10234:
10232:
10226:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10149:Sasol Secunda
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10046:
10044:
10036:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9861:
9859:
9853:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9803:
9801:
9797:
9793:
9786:
9781:
9779:
9774:
9772:
9767:
9766:
9763:
9751:
9750:
9741:
9739:
9738:
9729:
9728:
9725:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9700:
9698:
9694:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9640:
9638:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9623:
9613:
9610:
9609:
9607:
9603:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9348:
9346:
9344:
9340:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9303:Khi Solar One
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9265:
9263:
9259:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9229:
9227:
9223:
9217:
9214:
9213:
9211:
9207:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9195:Steenbras Dam
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9156:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9141:
9139:
9135:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9040:
9038:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9023:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9004:
9002:
8998:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8978:
8976:
8972:
8969:
8967:organisations
8965:Companies and
8963:
8955:
8952:
8951:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8944:Nuclear power
8942:
8940:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8930:
8921:
8916:
8914:
8909:
8907:
8902:
8901:
8898:
8886:
8878:
8877:
8874:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8859:
8857:
8849:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8822:Pigouvian tax
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8769:
8767:
8759:
8752:
8749:
8747:
8744:
8742:
8739:
8737:
8734:
8732:
8729:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8719:Earth-leakage
8717:
8716:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8706:
8704:
8696:
8688:
8685:
8684:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8664:
8662:
8660:Failure modes
8658:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8610:Power station
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8495:Rankine cycle
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8475:Cooling tower
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8453:
8449:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8398:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8366:
8364:
8360:
8354:
8351:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8321:
8319:
8318:Non-renewable
8315:
8312:
8308:
8303:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8237:Grid strength
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8192:Demand factor
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8168:
8164:
8157:
8152:
8150:
8145:
8143:
8138:
8137:
8134:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8116:
8111:
8110:
8100:
8094:
8090:
8085:
8084:
8064:
8060:
8053:
8038:
8034:
8028:
8013:
8009:
8002:
7986:
7982:
7976:
7960:
7956:
7950:
7935:
7931:
7924:
7916:
7912:
7906:
7891:. The Mercury
7890:
7886:
7879:
7863:
7859:
7853:
7851:
7834:
7830:
7824:
7809:
7805:
7798:
7783:
7779:
7773:
7757:
7750:
7735:
7731:
7724:
7708:
7704:
7698:
7683:
7679:
7673:
7658:
7654:
7647:
7631:
7630:
7625:
7619:
7603:
7599:
7593:
7578:
7574:
7567:
7551:
7545:
7530:
7526:
7519:
7503:
7499:
7493:
7477:
7473:
7467:
7452:
7448:
7441:
7425:
7421:
7415:
7413:
7397:
7393:
7386:
7370:
7366:
7362:
7355:
7340:. 20 May 2022
7339:
7335:
7329:
7314:
7310:
7303:
7288:
7284:
7277:
7262:
7258:
7251:
7243:
7239:
7233:
7218:
7214:
7208:
7193:
7189:
7182:
7167:
7163:
7156:
7141:
7137:
7130:
7115:
7111:
7105:
7090:
7086:
7079:
7071:
7067:
7061:
7059:
7057:
7040:
7036:
7032:
7026:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6995:
6987:
6981:
6965:
6961:
6955:
6940:
6936:
6929:
6914:
6910:
6903:
6888:
6884:
6877:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6846:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6815:(40): 47–64.
6814:
6810:
6803:
6787:
6783:
6777:
6761:
6757:
6751:
6736:
6732:
6725:
6723:
6707:
6703:
6696:
6680:
6676:
6670:
6668:
6652:
6648:
6642:
6627:
6623:
6616:
6601:
6597:
6591:
6576:
6572:
6565:
6550:
6546:
6539:
6524:
6520:
6513:
6498:
6494:
6487:
6472:
6468:
6461:
6445:
6441:
6435:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6404:
6389:
6385:
6378:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6348:
6333:
6329:
6322:
6307:
6303:
6296:
6280:
6273:
6267:
6252:
6245:
6239:
6224:
6217:
6211:
6209:
6193:
6186:
6180:
6178:
6162:
6155:
6149:
6147:
6127:
6123:
6116:
6110:
6104:
6099:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6065:
6050:
6046:
6043:Cowan, Kyle.
6039:
6024:
6020:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6007:
5991:
5987:
5980:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5939:
5935:
5928:
5913:
5909:
5902:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5861:
5857:
5851:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5803:
5788:
5784:
5777:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5726:
5722:
5715:
5700:. 24 May 2018
5699:
5695:
5689:
5674:. 24 May 2018
5673:
5669:
5663:
5648:
5644:
5637:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5596:
5590:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5548:
5547:citizen.co.za
5544:
5538:
5523:
5519:
5513:
5497:
5493:
5487:
5472:
5471:Quartz Africa
5468:
5461:
5446:
5442:
5436:
5434:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5403:
5395:
5383:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5338:
5322:
5321:Bloomberg.com
5318:
5312:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5271:
5267:
5261:
5253:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5233:
5226:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5183:
5175:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5155:
5148:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5100:
5094:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5053:on 9 May 2015
5052:
5048:
5042:
5023:
5016:
5010:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4980:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4939:
4933:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4888:
4881:
4875:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4831:
4824:
4818:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4773:
4767:
4759:
4753:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4711:
4707:
4701:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4596:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4545:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4458:
4451:
4445:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4186:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4095:
4091:
4089:
4073:
4069:
4062:
4047:
4043:
4036:
4021:
4017:
4011:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3880:
3863:
3857:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3829:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3762:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3598:
3589:
3582:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3560:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3519:
3515:
3508:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3387:
3386:Polity.org.za
3383:
3377:
3362:
3358:
3351:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3323:
3307:
3304:
3297:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3250:
3244:
3228:
3222:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3194:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3148:
3141:
3135:
3120:
3114:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3081:
3074:
3066:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2888:
2882:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2729:
2722:
2706:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2589:
2588:MediaWiki.org
2585:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2383:
2378:
2368:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2342:
2331:Controversies
2328:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2274:Goldman Sachs
2270:
2269:credit rating
2266:
2256:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1862:Matshela Koko
1859:
1858:state capture
1855:
1851:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1800:
1798:
1787:
1784:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Hydroelectric
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:Western Cape
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1688:Hydroelectric
1686:
1684:Western Cape
1683:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:Hydroelectric
1660:
1658:Eastern Cape
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:Western Cape
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:Hydroelectric
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:Hydroelectric
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Hydroelectric
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:Hydroelectric
1530:
1528:Eastern Cape
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1503:commissioned
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1416:Eastern Cape
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1124:Western Cape
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:Western Cape
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:Western Cape
997:
995:
992:
991:
987:
984:
979:
975:
970:
967:
964:
961:
960:
952:
943:
933:
925:
923:
919:
914:
912:
908:
904:
899:
889:
885:
880:
870:
867:
863:
859:
854:
851:
847:
842:
839:
833:
827:
810:
805:
798:
793:
786:
781:
780:
779:
770:
768:
764:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
726:
722:
721:state capture
716:
713:
708:
703:
701:
697:
692:
688:
686:
681:
674:
661:
657:
652:
648:
646:
641:
637:
633:
623:
619:
615:
613:
609:
604:
602:
593:
589:
580:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
512:
503:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
485:cost overruns
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
375:
371:
367:
361:
358:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:Ted (Pty) Ltd
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:
251:
244:
242:
238:
226:
220:
209:
201:
198:
193:
182:
174:
171:
166:
163:13.82 billion
162:
154:
146:
142:
138:
134:
125:
119:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
66:
63:
60:
55:
52:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
12069:
11727:Harmony Gold
11660:Ster-Kinekor
11558:Tiger Brands
11502:Premier FMCG
11384:Deneys Reitz
11249:EOH Holdings
11048:Bidvest Bank
11034:African Bank
10981:RMI Holdings
10974:RMB Holdings
10829:Construction
10228:Presidential
10008:
10003:
9998:
9958:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9868:
9863:
9806:Zwartkopjies
9748:
9735:
9268:Bokpoort CSP
8980:
8817:Net metering
8764:and policies
8682:Power outage
8651:Utility pole
8615:Pumped hydro
8521:distribution
8516:Transmission
8465:Cogeneration
8267:Power factor
8088:
8066:. Retrieved
8062:
8052:
8040:. Retrieved
8036:
8027:
8015:. Retrieved
8011:
8001:
7989:. Retrieved
7984:
7975:
7963:. Retrieved
7958:
7949:
7937:. Retrieved
7933:
7923:
7915:the original
7905:
7893:. Retrieved
7888:
7878:
7866:. Retrieved
7861:
7837:. Retrieved
7832:
7823:
7811:. Retrieved
7807:
7797:
7785:. Retrieved
7781:
7772:
7760:. Retrieved
7749:
7737:. Retrieved
7733:
7723:
7711:. Retrieved
7706:
7697:
7685:. Retrieved
7682:www.enca.com
7681:
7672:
7660:. Retrieved
7656:
7646:
7634:. Retrieved
7627:
7618:
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2704:
2651:Eskom Centre
2633:
2627:
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2606:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2524:
2516:
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2493:
2484:
2475:
2463:Gupta family
2459:
2456:Gupta family
2431:
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2406:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2388:
2365:
2348:
2339:
2313:
2310:Chinese debt
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2262:
2253:
2051:(R billion)
2008:(R billion)
1873:
1866:
1854:Gupta family
1850:Brian Molefe
1843:
1815:
1806:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1762:
1750:Operational
1724:Operational
1698:Operational
1672:Operational
1646:Operational
1620:Operational
1594:Operational
1568:Operational
1542:Operational
1492:Power plant
1483:South Africa
1479:Western Cape
1473:facility at
1452:Operational
1428:Operational
1419:Gas turbine
1404:Operational
1380:Operational
1356:Operational
1332:Operational
1308:Operational
1278:(2017–2025)
1260:Operational
1236:Operational
1210:Operational
1186:Operational
1162:Operational
1136:Operational
1127:Gas turbine
1112:Operational
1088:Operational
1062:Operational
1036:Operational
1027:Gas turbine
1012:Operational
962:Power plant
950:
931:
915:
895:
886:
882:
873:Transmission
866:Tito Mboweni
855:
848:. President
843:
835:
829:
825:
776:
742:David Mabuza
717:
712:Business Day
704:
700:Gupta family
693:
689:
676:
629:
620:
616:
605:
597:
566:
547:
536:
517:
493:
457:
427:, including
409:South Africa
396:
388:
384:
383:
297:
241:Subsidiaries
210:781 billion
197:Total assets
115:South Africa
103:Headquarters
47:Company type
29:
12040:enterprises
12038:State-owned
11720:Gold Fields
11625:MultiChoice
11324:Luma Arcade
11167:Hospitality
11104:Sasfin Bank
10995:Venmyn Rand
10620:Federal Air
10527:Diversified
9816:Vereeniging
9811:Zuikerbosch
9225:Oil and gas
8954:Solar power
8812:Load factor
8667:Black start
8635:Transformer
8336:Natural gas
8287:Variability
8262:Peak demand
8252:Merit order
8182:Backfeeding
8068:2 September
8037:www.msn.com
7991:15 February
7787:20 December
7713:23 February
7629:MyBroadband
7577:amaBhungane
7529:amaBhungane
7482:20 December
7338:TechCentral
7318:19 November
7292:19 November
7266:19 November
7005:The Citizen
6792:15 February
6766:15 February
6740:15 February
6685:15 February
6656:15 February
6502:22 February
6450:17 November
6281:. July 2019
6256:21 December
6228:20 December
6197:20 December
6166:20 December
6135:20 December
6054:16 December
5995:16 December
5969:16 December
5943:15 December
5917:28 November
5891:28 November
5866:28 November
5840:28 November
5626:12 February
5579:16 February
5553:26 December
5527:26 December
5502:26 December
5496:BizNews.com
5476:26 December
5450:16 February
5422:26 December
5412:BizNews.com
5327:15 December
5127:eskom.co.za
4553:22 February
4051:15 February
4025:15 February
4000:15 February
3975:15 February
3949:20 December
3841:BizNews.com
3817:13 February
3700:22 February
3674:14 February
3615:12 February
3497:13 February
3471:13 February
3443:13 February
3417:13 February
3340:13 February
3311:12 February
3211:20 December
3124:21 December
3098:eskom.co.za
3038:21 December
2968:11 February
2871:26 December
2860:Bloomberg.
2845:26 December
2819:26 December
2794:26 December
2771:eskom.co.za
2711:1 September
2584:Phabricator
2519:AmaBhungane
2496:Jabu Mabuza
2467:Lynne Brown
1846:Ben Ngubane
1554:Free State
1443:Coal-fired
1440:Mpumalanga
1395:Coal-fired
1371:Coal-fired
1368:Mpumalanga
1347:Coal-fired
1323:Coal-fired
1320:Mpumalanga
1299:Coal-fired
1296:Free State
1275:Coal-fired
1272:Mpumalanga
1251:Coal-fired
1248:Mpumalanga
1225:Coal-fired
1222:Mpumalanga
1201:Coal-fired
1198:Mpumalanga
1177:Coal-fired
1174:Mpumalanga
1151:Coal-fired
1148:Mpumalanga
1103:Coal-fired
1100:Mpumalanga
1077:Coal-fired
1074:Mpumalanga
1048:Mpumalanga
1002:Gas turbine
947:Subscribers
838:white paper
763:Jabu Mabuza
645:Thabo Mbeki
577:World War 2
473:Thabo Mbeki
107:Sunninghill
12178:Categories
12077:Rand Water
11899:franchises
11897:Restaurant
11885:OK Bazaars
11796:AutoTrader
11786:Retail and
10960:Old Mutual
10897:Alexforbes
10890:Absa Group
10773:kulula.com
10544:Barloworld
10038:Crude oil,
9170:Gariep Dam
9137:Metro Coal
9036:Eskom Coal
8854:production
8699:Protective
8630:Super grid
8625:Smart grid
8452:Generation
8386:Geothermal
8277:Repowering
8042:27 January
8017:27 January
7965:15 January
7839:1 February
7813:1 February
7508:27 January
7222:27 October
7197:27 October
7045:6 December
7015:6 December
6918:27 October
6892:27 October
6866:8 November
6711:27 October
5704:14 January
5678:1 February
5652:27 October
4969:12 January
4839:9 November
4807:11 January
4742:10 January
4716:10 January
4665:11 January
4639:11 January
4613:4 December
4434:10 January
4408:13 January
4382:10 January
4356:10 January
4193:29 January
4144:29 January
3786:www.gov.za
3648:29 October
3518:nasdaq.com
3255:4 February
3156:29 January
3103:5 February
2994:5 November
2733:28 October
2673:References
2454:See also:
2445:Corruption
2375:See also:
2049:Net income
1919:Financials
1904:renewables
1576:Gariep Dam
1508:capacity (
1475:Klipheuwel
1446:1985-1990
1398:2015–2019
1374:1979-1983
1350:1987-1991
1326:1996–2001
1302:1985-1990
1254:1976-1979
1230:2009-2013
1228:1961-1966;
1204:1988-1992
1180:1970-1976
1156:2008-2011
1154:1969-1977;
1106:1980-1984
1082:2005-2008
1080:1967-1969;
1056:1971-1975
1052:Coal-fired
982:(planned)
976:Capacity (
973:(planned)
928:Job losses
911:Solidarity
758:Mpumalanga
685:Jacob Zuma
671:See also:
630:Following
550:debentures
170:Net income
129:(Chairman)
122:Key people
95:1923-03-01
11998:Transport
11866:Wantitall
11788:marketing
11372:Werksmans
11358:ENSafrica
11189:Tsogo Sun
11041:Bank Zero
11013:Absa Bank
10904:Discovery
10881:Financial
10801:Rovos Air
10669:FlySafair
10641:Norse Air
10613:Egoli Air
9185:Ncora Dam
8762:Economics
8485:Micro CHP
8363:Renewable
8346:Petroleum
8341:Oil shale
8227:Grid code
8187:Base load
8012:TimesLIVE
7939:6 January
7934:CityPress
7889:iol.co.za
7808:iol.co.za
7657:ewn.co.za
7451:TimesLIVE
7365:Bloomberg
7313:TimesLIVE
7242:iol.co.za
7217:TimesLIVE
7166:CityPress
7089:ewn.co.za
6829:0305-6244
6735:ewn.co.za
6651:TimesLIVE
6626:iol.co.za
6580:2 January
6575:iol.co.za
6554:2 January
6528:2 January
6476:10 August
6332:iol.co.za
6083:0261-3077
5809:Who's Who
5756:TimesLive
5725:iol.co.za
5522:TimesLIVE
5392:ignored (
5382:cite book
5374:108500506
5217:239401112
5209:0001-9852
5107:24 August
5083:24 August
5031:9 January
4999:7 January
4864:6 January
4781:7 October
4518:9 January
4492:9 January
4466:7 October
4330:9 January
4304:9 January
4278:8 January
4245:8 January
4219:6 January
4118:7 October
4072:TimesLIVE
3743:240623803
3543:SABC News
3411:TimesLIVE
3182:7 January
2356:apartheid
1967:billion)
1963:Revenue (
1718:Jan 2015
1654:Ncora Dam
1506:Installed
1495:Province
1471:wind farm
965:Province
850:Ramaphosa
738:Ramaphosa
734:recession
678:shedding"
528:Cape Town
520:Kimberley
437:Lephalale
401:Afrikaans
266:Escap Ltd
59:Traded as
12112:Transnet
11959:Services
11859:Massmart
11831:Dis-Chem
11803:Bidorbuy
11639:Primedia
11207:Afrihost
11125:TymeBank
10925:Investec
10583:Aerolift
10575:Airlines
10460:Airports
9841:Vaal Dam
9836:Eikenhof
9821:Mapleton
9737:Category
9288:Kalkbult
8885:Category
8672:Brownout
8460:AC power
8170:Concepts
7868:10 March
7739:10 March
7456:9 August
7430:9 August
7094:19 March
6980:cite web
6913:zimbabwe
6860:Archived
6631:21 March
6605:21 March
6424:31 March
6388:Moneyweb
6337:2 August
6311:25 April
6285:2 August
5860:Moneyweb
5057:21 April
4943:30 April
4896:19 April
4584:24 March
4077:26 March
3923:9 August
3897:9 August
3868:9 August
3846:9 August
3695:SHARENET
3639:Archived
2840:Miningmx
2640:See also
2508:Deloitte
2504:Deloitte
2471:McKinsey
2427:sabotage
2416:Sabotage
2248:201,400
2245:214,968
2242:218,939
2239:221,936
2236:220,166
2233:238,599
2230:226,300
2227:231,129
2224:232,228
2221:237,414
2218:237,430
1392:Limpopo
1344:Limpopo
489:split up
234:(FY2021)
212:(FY2021)
185:(FY2021)
157:(FY2021)
136:Services
75:Industry
12127:Defunct
12098:Sentech
12013:Comazar
11980:Defunct
11967:Netcare
11928:Nando's
11872:Defunct
11768:Defunct
11748:Metorex
11706:DRDGOLD
11678:Alexkor
11653:StarSat
11578:Defunct
11378:Defunct
11311:Defunct
11305:Vodacom
11235:Datatec
11228:Cybatar
11145:Defunct
11090:Nedbank
10988:STANLIB
10808:Skywise
10688:Defunct
10590:Airlink
10551:Bidvest
10029:Centlec
9831:Palmiet
9826:Barrage
9749:Commons
9209:Nuclear
9000:Defunct
8974:Current
8932:Sectors
8701:devices
8411:Thermal
8406:Osmotic
8401:Current
8381:Biomass
8371:Biofuel
8353:Nuclear
8310:Sources
7895:4 April
7687:8 March
7662:8 March
7636:8 March
7608:16 June
7582:16 June
7556:16 June
7534:16 June
7171:5 April
7145:5 April
7119:1 April
7114:msn.com
6970:3 April
6944:25 July
6887:ZimFact
6837:4005798
6367:3 April
6357:Reuters
6088:8 March
6028:8 March
5600:3 April
4922:6 April
4777:. Eskom
4690:2 March
4114:. Eskom
3549:15 July
3523:15 July
3286:6 March
3233:3 April
2656:XMLVend
2586:and on
2206:42,749
2203:44,772
2200:46,665
2197:48,628
2194:47,658
2191:47,978
2188:46,490
2185:46,919
2182:46,266
2179:43,473
2176:41,778
1913:cyanide
1636:Nuclear
1515:Status
1477:in the
985:Status
636:Mandela
569:Witbank
506:History
494:At the
445:Witbank
411:in the
373:Website
232:42,749
144:Revenue
111:Sandton
93: (
85:Founded
11986:Bosasa
11942:Steers
11670:Mining
11481:Nampak
11439:Bakers
11291:Sybrin
11270:Neotel
11221:Cell C
11139:Wizzit
10856:Energy
10839:Concor
10724:Comair
10662:Safair
10606:CemAir
10109:Alrode
9026:Active
8396:Marine
8376:Biogas
8095:
7602:News24
7344:23 May
7261:News24
6835:
6827:
6760:News24
6081:
6049:News24
5792:29 May
5730:29 May
5647:News24
5372:
5362:
5301:22 May
5275:22 May
5248:
5215:
5207:
5170:
3741:
3731:
3464:News24
3391:7 June
3366:7 June
3061:
2931:Energy
2905:Energy
2345:Soweto
2130:401.8
2127:483.7
2124:440.6
2121:388.7
2118:355.3
2115:322.7
2112:297.4
2109:254.8
2106:202.9
2103:182.6
2100:160.3
2000:204.3
1997:199.5
1994:179.8
1991:177.4
1988:177.1
1985:164.2
1982:147.7
1979:138.3
1976:128.9
1973:114.8
1970:91.45
1908:News24
1876:Nampak
1643:1,860
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