1208:
704:
992:
680:
6069:
13710:
1320:
1283:
1361:
1402:
951:
920:
893:
1435:
13699:
1134:
3899:
3626:
2653:
2507:
1216:
4223:
3986:
3031:
2252:
4626:
4524:
4433:
4331:
3906:
3808:
3717:
3498:
3370:
3262:
3122:
2884:
2363:
4077:
3633:
2791:
2660:
2514:
4230:
3993:
3913:
3038:
2259:
13721:
4633:
4531:
4440:
4338:
3815:
3724:
3640:
3505:
3377:
3269:
3129:
2891:
2667:
2521:
2370:
4237:
4084:
4000:
3045:
2798:
2266:
14623:
4640:
4538:
4447:
4345:
3822:
3731:
3512:
3384:
3276:
3136:
2898:
2377:
4091:
2805:
41:
5094:
5357:
4832:
5833:
588:
5411:
14611:
5705:
5877:
655:
5659:
5503:
5418:
4911:
5581:
5364:
5281:
5137:
4868:
5666:
5549:
5510:
5460:
5227:
5101:
4918:
363:
6020:
5627:
5588:
5371:
5144:
4875:
5467:
5234:
5027:
4992:
6780:, 'plural'), to indicate that the word is plural. These dots, having no sound value in themselves, arose before both eastern and western vowel systems as it became necessary to mark plural forms of words, which are indistinguishable from their singular counterparts in regularly-inflected nouns. For instance, the word
5823:
5274:
1193:
that became lost later on at some point in the development of Syriac. Some transliteration schemes find its inclusion necessary for showing spirantization or for historical reasons. Whether because its distribution is mostly predictable (usually inside a syllable-initial two-consonant cluster) or
6737:
In the East Syriac variant of the alphabet, spirantization marks are usually omitted when they interfere with vowel marks. The degree to which letters can be spirantized varies from dialect to dialect as some dialects have lost the ability for certain letters to be spirantized. For native words,
5317:
5180:
4957:
5220:
5324:
5187:
5062:
8872:
Several years ago, the political leadership in Syria decided to establish an institute where
Aramaic could be learned. Rizkalla was tasked with writing a textbook, primarily drawing upon his native language proficiency. For the script, he chose Hebrew
6347:('soft'). The system involves placing a single dot underneath the letter to give its 'soft' variant and a dot above the letter to give its 'hard' variant (though, in modern usage, no mark at all is usually used to indicate the 'hard' value):
8890:
As the villages are very small, located close to each other, and the three dialects are mutually intelligible, there has never been the creation of a script or a standard language. Aramaic is the unwritten village
772:, 'gospel character'). Although ʾEsṭrangēlā is no longer used as the main script for writing Syriac, it has received some revival since the 10th century. It is often used in scholarly publications (such as the
1263:
is evidenced in the earliest Syriac manuscripts, but important works were written in ʾEsṭrangēlā. From the 8th century, the simpler Serṭā style came into fashion, perhaps because of its more economical use of
7147:
with some material promulgated. Although it did not supplant the Syriac script, the usage of the Latin script in the Syriac community has still become widespread because most of the
5892:
5886:
5899:
5434:
5428:
5441:
5291:
5964:
5676:
5298:
5111:
4970:
4928:
4842:
5906:
5683:
5562:
5477:
5334:
5248:
5241:
5197:
5154:
5118:
4935:
4885:
4849:
5640:
5598:
5484:
5385:
5378:
5341:
5255:
5204:
5161:
5075:
4892:
5911:
5718:
5605:
5520:
5392:
5040:
5527:
5005:
9023:
7556:
Standard in
September, 1999 with the release of version 3.0. Additional letters for Suriyani Malayalam were added in June, 2017 with the release of version 10.0.
14531:
547:, texts were often written in Arabic using the Syriac script as knowledge of the Arabic alphabet was not yet widespread; such writings are usually called
349:
9287:
10292:
9776:
9368:
501:
Apart from
Classical Syriac Aramaic, the alphabet has been used to write other dialects and languages. Several Christian Neo-Aramaic languages from
13639:
10722:
10712:
10287:
10702:
10692:
10282:
10277:
10272:
886:
The
Eastern script uses a system of dots above and/or below letters, based on an older system, to indicate vowel sounds not found in the script:
12418:
10707:
6978:
that can occur at the beginning or middle of a word. In
Eastern Syriac, this line is diagonal and only occurs above the silent letter (e.g.
1194:
because its pronunciation was lost, both the East and the West variants of the alphabet traditionally have no sign to represent the schwa.
449:
distinction between upper and lower case letters, though some letters change their form depending on their position within a word. Spaces
9851:
490:. In addition to the sounds of the language, the letters of the Syriac alphabet can be used to represent numbers in a system similar to
6657:
is the only letter in the
Eastern variant of the alphabet that is spirantized by the addition of a semicircle instead of a single dot.
14423:
13678:
12450:
8106:
1259:
is considered derogatory). Most of the letters are clearly derived from ʾEsṭrangēlā, but are simplified, flowing lines. A cursive
846:, 'conversational' or 'vernacular', often translated as 'contemporary', reflecting its use in writing modern Neo-Aramaic),
13856:
2064:
The Syriac alphabet consists of the following letters, shown in their isolated (non-connected) forms. When isolated, the letters
9305:
14658:
14171:
14165:
6941:
and certain feminine plural verbs: the 3rd person feminine plural perfect and the 2nd and 3rd person feminine plural imperfect.
11640:
13520:
9769:
9361:
9156:
9120:
9092:
8951:
6738:
spirantization depends on the letter's position within a word or syllable, location relative to other consonants and vowels,
1276:
The
Western script is usually vowel-pointed, with miniature Greek vowel letters above or below the letter which they follow:
12089:
13632:
372:
14506:
11526:
9838:
9223:
Includes the
Estrangela (pp. 59–113), Madnhaya (pp. 191–206), and the Western Serto (pp. 173–190) scripts.
6231:
3663:
2958:
2453:
10062:
14183:
9716:
9278:
9220:
7950:
The
Unicode block for Suriyani Malayalam specific letters is called the Syriac Supplement block and is U+0860–U+086F:
7081:, 'the works of light'). In Western Syriac, this line is horizontal and can be placed above or below the letter (e.g.
13288:
13274:
13244:
12383:
9256:
9238:
9205:
9138:
8914:
8842:
13709:
14565:
13506:
12223:
11620:
9762:
9354:
7463:
6218:
4570:
1905:
788:
and inscriptions, it is possible for any letter to join to the left, and older
Aramaic letter forms (especially of
10067:
9711:
13851:
13625:
11946:
11207:
6653:
is not found in most modern Eastern dialects. Instead, it either is left unspirantized or sometimes appears as .
6244:
4167:
3444:
2225:
1769:
331:
14663:
14246:
14231:
14213:
14189:
14094:
13919:
13513:
12079:
11718:
8995:
Moscati, Sabatino, et al. The Comparative Grammar of Semitic Languages. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, Germany, 1980.
7453:
3192:
1911:
17:
9084:
Aramaic (Assyrian/Syriac) Dictionary & Phrasebook: Swadaya-English, Turoyo-English, English-Swadaya-Turoyo
14100:
14061:
13975:
13846:
12188:
11713:
10771:
9014:
1751:
111:
11050:
8117:;). For example, ܕ and ܕ (1813 in decimal) both represent U+0715 SYRIAC LETTER DALATH.
7676:
14585:
14560:
14496:
14260:
13499:
13478:
10766:
10541:
10057:
9833:
3936:
2975:
2445:
1589:
8710:
369:
This article contains Syriac text, written from right to left in a cursive style with some letters joined.
345:
341:
14570:
14516:
14379:
14077:
13796:
13771:
13765:
13688:
13379:
13358:
12038:
12033:
11728:
11630:
10152:
9843:
4023:
3436:
2828:
9297:
9018:
14580:
13802:
13446:
12043:
11610:
11023:
9126:
9043:
8902:
7540:
4700:
4691:
4158:
3427:
3208:
14225:
10776:
6876:; the writer has full discretion to place them over any letter. Typically, if a word has at least one
870:, 'Chaldean'), and, inaccurately, "Nestorian" (a term that was originally used to refer to the
11696:
11418:
10971:
10558:
7530:
7503:
4698:
4689:
4568:
4468:
4375:
4275:
4165:
4156:
4021:
3934:
3843:
3752:
3661:
3572:
3570:
3561:
3442:
3434:
3425:
3314:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3190:
3068:
3066:
2973:
2965:
2956:
2826:
2733:
2724:
2595:
2586:
2451:
2443:
2434:
2309:
2307:
2297:
1975:
1207:
813:, being the oldest form of the script and arising before the development of specialized diacritics.
14648:
14501:
14039:
13790:
13196:
13182:
12487:
11070:
10873:
8806:
7944:
7484:
7007:
4377:
2967:
506:
13698:
12801:
10217:
1169:
It is thought that the Eastern method for representing vowels influenced the development of the
703:
14590:
14124:
14112:
13985:
13884:
13485:
12513:
11470:
11147:
11126:
11006:
10986:
10818:
10489:
10393:
9870:
9828:
9785:
8618:
8613:
7435:
6758:
Syriac uses two (usually) horizontal dots above a letter within a word, similar in appearance to
6112:, but it can also indicate a vowel, especially at the beginning or the end of a word. The letter
3563:
2735:
2726:
2436:
1513:
8909:. Boston: The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, reprinted in 2002 by Gorgias Press. p. 24.
6931:
plural adjectives, including participles (except masculine plural adjectives/participles in the
1923:
14345:
13957:
13759:
13753:
13661:
with various additional/alternate self-identifications, such as Syriacs, Arameans, or Chaldeans
12203:
11142:
11132:
11065:
10575:
10008:
7581:
7565:
2597:
544:
327:
200:
13861:
7170:. The letters with diacritics and macrons are mostly upheld in educational or formal writing.
991:
13969:
13945:
13587:
13492:
13281:
13230:
12690:
12612:
12376:
12315:
12300:
11869:
11748:
11490:
11450:
11182:
10858:
10042:
10030:
10003:
9988:
9728:
8832:
6759:
6068:
4470:
3845:
3754:
2140:) do not connect to a following letter within a word; these are marked with an asterisk (*).
2048:
154:
12295:
11500:
8859:
679:
528:
14552:
14538:
14486:
14461:
14451:
14441:
14436:
14431:
14195:
13889:
13351:
13102:
12779:
12275:
11930:
11894:
11299:
11222:
11055:
10803:
10793:
10632:
10615:
9931:
8698:
6182:
2588:
1843:
1524:
878:). The Eastern script resembles ʾEsṭrangēlā somewhat more closely than the Western script.
149:
103:
99:
77:
13720:
9069:
8:
14627:
14511:
14481:
14476:
14471:
14456:
14374:
14136:
14045:
13963:
13951:
13899:
13894:
13734:
13714:
13673:
12178:
12074:
11796:
11319:
10025:
9723:
9570:
9378:
9133:. Boston: The American Academy of Arts and Sciences, reprinted in 2002 by Gorgias Press.
9038:
8608:
6344:
4068:
1856:
1658:
1608:
524:
419:
219:
207:
195:
159:
95:
10341:
1219:
An example of Garshuni: a 16th-century Arabic-language manuscript written in the Syriac
14653:
14526:
14446:
14367:
14340:
14057:
13683:
13337:
13314:
12948:
12837:
12827:
12719:
12662:
12648:
12605:
12310:
12193:
12028:
11920:
11879:
11833:
11828:
11723:
11705:
11373:
11304:
11269:
11217:
11030:
11018:
10429:
10351:
10252:
9807:
8603:
7470:
6728:) is often used to remember the six letters that are able to be spirantized (see also:
1887:
1797:
1552:
871:
576:
415:
12570:
12228:
9213:
Learn to Write Aramaic: A Step-by-Step Approach to the Historical & Modern Scripts
9179:
8979:
8963:
6746:, and other factors. Foreign words do not always follow the rules for spirantization.
375:, you may see unjoined Syriac letters or other symbols instead of Syriac alphabet.
14521:
14491:
14318:
14269:
14255:
14106:
13909:
13460:
13453:
13189:
13175:
13087:
12976:
12886:
12865:
12844:
12772:
12704:
12563:
12521:
12473:
12208:
12198:
11843:
11838:
11743:
11738:
11645:
11600:
11423:
11403:
11393:
11383:
11378:
11314:
11309:
11237:
11172:
11157:
11107:
11102:
11045:
10981:
10939:
10781:
10667:
10590:
10106:
10101:
9978:
9302:
9252:
9244:
9234:
9216:
9201:
9152:
9134:
9116:
9088:
8947:
8910:
8838:
7957:
7569:
7148:
6831:) clarifies its grammatical number and pronunciation. Irregular plurals also receive
4277:
3316:
1969:
1837:
1583:
773:
564:
404:
14466:
14051:
13904:
13876:
13782:
13745:
13594:
13532:
13425:
13386:
13372:
13330:
13205:
13151:
13132:
13066:
13058:
13044:
13037:
12962:
12758:
12733:
12669:
12641:
12556:
12542:
12459:
12432:
12369:
12280:
12183:
12005:
11848:
11475:
11455:
11445:
11440:
11324:
11080:
11013:
11001:
10966:
10961:
10944:
10883:
10848:
10808:
10610:
10605:
10553:
10504:
10388:
10322:
10262:
10212:
10157:
10074:
10052:
10037:
9983:
9973:
9907:
9738:
9052:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
7499:
1988:
1899:
1873:
1861:
1831:
1803:
1789:
1678:
1670:
1401:
1319:
1282:
1178:
In addition to the above vowel marks, transliteration of Syriac sometimes includes
568:
540:
435:
431:
411:
212:
190:
164:
131:
87:
14404:
13432:
12627:
12253:
11904:
11274:
6938:
the cardinal numbers 'two' and the feminine forms of 11–19, though inconsistently;
1360:
950:
919:
892:
14394:
14219:
14009:
14003:
13841:
13821:
13648:
13418:
13110:
13051:
12997:
12990:
12969:
12955:
12939:
12917:
12872:
12765:
12740:
12712:
12697:
12620:
12598:
12591:
12549:
12509:
12480:
12168:
12138:
11961:
11884:
11650:
11580:
11485:
11433:
11413:
11349:
11339:
11329:
11294:
11259:
11254:
11249:
11162:
11117:
11112:
10996:
10991:
10838:
10828:
10682:
10647:
10642:
10622:
10516:
10474:
10414:
10297:
10267:
10177:
10137:
10013:
9993:
9941:
9924:
9912:
9733:
9309:
9169:
9082:
8926:
8713:) is not pronounced as such; rather, it typically merges into the plain sound of
8598:
7283:
7118:
6090:
6073:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1809:
1780:
1763:
1561:
875:
857:
690:
665:
532:
502:
491:
427:
423:
400:
107:
91:
11615:
10798:
2038:
1595:
14615:
14274:
14201:
14177:
14065:
13836:
13831:
13555:
13439:
13323:
13303:
13212:
13080:
13011:
12910:
12858:
12851:
12683:
12676:
12655:
12634:
12535:
12528:
12335:
12290:
12218:
12213:
12064:
12048:
12023:
11966:
11956:
11951:
11791:
11665:
11625:
11595:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11505:
11480:
11428:
11368:
11334:
11284:
11232:
11197:
11152:
11122:
11075:
11035:
10934:
10888:
10843:
10761:
10697:
10652:
10637:
10600:
10580:
10548:
10536:
10484:
10479:
10469:
10459:
10454:
10371:
10356:
10346:
10312:
10302:
10247:
10232:
10197:
10047:
9951:
9899:
9789:
7962:
7586:
7140:
6932:
6336:
6095:
6077:
1893:
1881:
1815:
1731:
1705:
1698:
1574:
671:
592:
510:
495:
396:
311:
303:
11765:
9346:
14642:
14118:
13725:
13703:
13562:
13411:
13344:
13267:
13237:
13095:
13073:
13004:
12900:
12879:
12726:
12584:
12502:
12495:
12466:
12425:
12340:
12330:
12325:
12112:
11806:
11465:
11408:
11060:
10833:
10717:
10672:
10627:
10595:
10444:
10361:
10334:
10307:
10237:
10222:
10207:
10162:
9919:
9614:
9269:
9004:
S. P. Brock, "Three Thousand Years of Aramaic literature", in Aram,1:1 (1989)
6975:
6894:
that is nearest the end of a word (and also replace the single dot above it:
4515:
2082:
are usually shown with their initial form connected to their final form (see
2026:
1917:
1434:
1260:
836:, 'Eastern') form of the alphabet. Other names for the script include
744:
294:
14384:
10381:
1133:
954:) Two horizontally-placed dots below a letter represent , transliterated as
14142:
13018:
12983:
12924:
12411:
12173:
12069:
11982:
11874:
11775:
11585:
11398:
11363:
11344:
11279:
11167:
10929:
10853:
10662:
10657:
10568:
10563:
10499:
10439:
10419:
10376:
10366:
10317:
10202:
10182:
10172:
10020:
9998:
9956:
9754:
9537:
9449:
9405:
9144:
9080:
8834:
The Cambridge History of the Bible: Volume 1, From the Beginnings to Jerome
7287:
7144:
6114:
6109:
3898:
3799:
2874:
2354:
2299:
1929:
1723:
1717:
1664:
1647:
1255:, 'simple'), 'Maronite' or the 'Jacobite' script (although the term
450:
11227:
3625:
2652:
2506:
1737:
1215:
995:) Two diagonally-placed dots below a letter represent , transliterated as
923:) Two diagonally-placed dots above a letter represent , transliterated as
856:, 'Assyrian', not to be confused with the traditional name for the
14389:
14027:
14021:
13658:
13601:
13365:
13296:
12577:
12268:
12128:
11889:
11733:
11590:
11495:
11264:
11192:
11177:
11085:
10878:
10788:
10687:
10677:
10531:
10494:
10449:
10434:
10409:
10329:
10257:
10242:
9946:
9438:
9341:
9331:
9226:
7274:
7156:
7106:
was not used for silent letters that occurred at the end of a word (e.g.
4222:
3985:
3030:
2781:
2251:
1711:
446:
445:
script where most—but not all—letters connect within a word. There is no
9320:
9056:
4625:
4523:
4432:
4330:
3905:
3807:
3716:
3497:
3369:
3261:
3121:
2883:
2362:
797:
14355:
14350:
14148:
12258:
12233:
11801:
11244:
10734:
10729:
10585:
10526:
10167:
9282:
8722:
8389:
8128:
7167:
7163:
6774:, literally 'placings', also known in some grammars by the Hebrew name
6739:
6730:
6275:
In addition to foreign sounds, a marking system is used to distinguish
4076:
3632:
2790:
2659:
2513:
2016:
1999:
1745:
1211:
A 16th century Sertā manuscript of the New Testament, Epistle of James.
785:
514:
9337:
5822:
4229:
3992:
3912:
3037:
2258:
14575:
14409:
14289:
14130:
14071:
13569:
13548:
13541:
12320:
12157:
11853:
11820:
11655:
11546:
11095:
10823:
10739:
10464:
7506:
6743:
6484:
Usually becomes , , or is not pronounced in modern Eastern dialects.
4632:
4530:
4439:
4337:
3814:
3723:
3639:
3504:
3376:
3268:
3128:
2890:
2666:
2520:
2369:
1684:
1265:
896:) A dot above and a dot below a letter represent , transliterated as
781:
572:
235:
123:
12263:
5410:
4236:
4083:
3999:
3044:
2797:
2265:
14360:
14333:
14306:
14294:
14279:
14033:
13980:
12285:
12248:
12243:
12123:
12084:
11925:
11684:
11569:
11460:
11202:
11090:
11040:
10911:
10424:
10227:
10187:
9968:
9961:
9812:
9292:
9215:. n.p.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011. 220 pp.
8573:
7940:
7162:
In Syriac romanization, some letters are altered and would feature
6340:
5876:
5273:
4639:
4537:
4446:
4344:
3821:
3730:
3511:
3383:
3275:
3135:
2897:
2376:
2032:
2005:
1540:
777:
553:
337:
127:
119:
40:
13617:
12305:
7673:
5891:
5885:
5658:
5502:
5417:
5093:
4910:
4090:
2804:
441:
Syriac is written from right to left in horizontal lines. It is a
362:
14622:
14015:
13937:
13817:
12392:
11899:
11770:
11660:
11635:
11521:
11358:
11212:
11187:
10956:
10863:
10511:
10125:
9936:
9193:. Cambridge: Deighton, Bell, & Co.; London: Bell & Daldy.
7943:) can be represented with a special control character called the
7553:
7446:
7252:
6178:
5898:
5580:
5433:
5427:
5363:
5356:
5316:
5280:
5179:
5136:
4956:
4867:
1449:
1439:
1365:
442:
276:
6201:
variant of the alphabet to change its phonetic value (see also:
5665:
5548:
5509:
5459:
5440:
5290:
5226:
5219:
5100:
4917:
14595:
14399:
14328:
14301:
14284:
13393:
11137:
10949:
10868:
10813:
10521:
10192:
9548:
9515:
7723:
7152:
6203:
5963:
5832:
5675:
5626:
5587:
5370:
5323:
5297:
5186:
5143:
5110:
5061:
4969:
4927:
4874:
4841:
4831:
3890:
3617:
1690:
1636:
1630:
1171:
757:, 'rounded'), though it has also been suggested to derive from
536:
115:
7491:
Sometimes additional letters may be used and they tend to be:
6861:, 'houses'). Because of redundancy, some modern usage forgoes
5905:
5704:
5682:
5561:
5476:
5466:
5333:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5196:
5153:
5117:
5026:
4991:
4934:
4884:
4848:
4679:
4671:
4663:
4654:
4559:
4551:
4460:
4366:
4358:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4105:
4013:
3926:
3835:
3744:
3653:
3551:
3543:
3535:
3526:
3415:
3407:
3398:
3305:
3297:
3289:
3181:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3058:
2946:
2938:
2929:
2921:
2912:
2818:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2681:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2535:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2400:
2391:
2289:
2279:
14323:
14311:
14207:
11760:
11755:
11605:
11388:
11289:
10976:
9887:
9581:
9460:
9427:
9416:
9394:
9334:
Unicode font family with Syriac range in its sans-serif face.
9233:
Oxford University Press, reprinted in 2003 by Gorgias Press.
8779:
dots are placed diagonally when they appear above the letter
8568:
7708:
7536:
7526:
7520:
7495:
7399:
7391:
7343:
7316:
6967:
6186:
6081:
5639:
5597:
5483:
5384:
5377:
5340:
5254:
5203:
5160:
5074:
4891:
4213:
3021:
2643:
2498:
2242:
1943:
1937:
1484:
1480:
1453:
1443:
1410:
1369:
1324:
1291:
1287:
1190:
752:
715:
654:
587:
407:
56:
9174:
Syrische Grammatik mit Litteratur, Chrestomathie und Glossar
8931:
Syrische Grammatik mit Litteratur, Chrestomathie und Glossar
7876:
7873:
7835:
5910:
5717:
5604:
5519:
5391:
5039:
1147:
represents (possibly * in Proto-Syriac), transliterated as
12238:
12133:
9603:
9592:
9559:
9504:
9493:
9482:
9471:
9273:
7803:
7431:Ā is used to denote a long "a" sound or as heard in "car".
7282:
The Latin letters below are commonly used when it comes to
6177:
In modern usage, some alterations can be made to represent
6138:
5526:
5004:
4423:
4322:
3977:
3489:
3361:
3253:
3113:
1189:(or often nothing at all) to represent an original Aramaic
789:
8830:
8052:
8040:
7800:
7717:
7652:
7516:
7407:
7386:
7369:
7329:
7324:
7302:
7269:
7244:
7188:
6918:—or letters that appear near the middle or end of a word.
6019:
9625:
9623:
9612:
9601:
9590:
9579:
9568:
9557:
9546:
9535:
9526:
9524:
9513:
9502:
9491:
9480:
9469:
9458:
9447:
9436:
9425:
9414:
9403:
9392:
8055:
8049:
8043:
8037:
8034:
8031:
8025:
7904:
7901:
7838:
7797:
7770:
7741:
4616:
3708:
1406:
1245:, 'line') form of the alphabet, also known as the
800:
531:, developed by George Rizkalla (Rezkallah), based on the
517:, primarily began to be written in the 19th century. The
434:, the precursor and a direct ancestor of the traditional
9081:
Nicholas Awde; Nineb Lamassu; Nicholas Al-Jeloo (2007).
8752:
takes the normal form rather than the final form in the
8077:
8046:
8028:
7919:
7688:
7655:
6094:: rather than being a consonant, they indicate a vowel.
743:). The name of the script is thought to derive from the
9298:
How to write Aramaic – learn the Syriac cursive scripts
9024:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
7888:
7885:
7847:
7779:
7685:
7670:
7441:Ē is used to denote a long close-mid unrounded vowel, .
6710:
is left unspirantized in some modern Eastern dialects.
6537:
is left unspirantized in some modern Eastern dialects.
623:
There are three major variants of the Syriac alphabet:
9323:
9312:
8780:
8774:
8768:
8753:
8747:
8741:
8735:
8715:
8703:
8679:
8673:
8658:
8643:
8638:
8121:
7907:
7693:
7667:
7658:
7126:
7112:
7101:
7092:
7086:
7076:
7065:
7059:
7053:
7047:
7041:
7035:
7029:
7023:
7017:
7011:
7001:
6995:
6989:
6983:
6955:
6946:
6922:
6913:
6907:
6901:
6889:
6883:
6877:
6871:
6862:
6850:
6838:
6832:
6817:
6811:
6796:
6781:
6775:
6763:
6750:
6717:
6693:
6669:
6635:
6625:
6601:
6573:
6549:
6520:
6496:
6467:
6443:
6413:
6389:
6330:
6324:
6318:
6312:
6306:
6300:
6288:
6276:
6267:
6261:
6251:
6238:
6225:
6212:
6169:
6139:
6096:
6043:
6037:
5999:
5987:
5981:
5943:
5931:
5925:
5868:
5856:
5850:
5814:
5751:
5741:
5690:
5647:
5612:
5569:
5534:
5491:
5448:
5399:
5348:
5305:
5262:
5211:
5168:
5125:
5082:
5047:
5012:
4977:
4942:
4899:
4856:
4817:
4762:
4752:
4614:
4513:
4421:
4320:
4211:
4066:
3975:
3888:
3797:
3706:
3615:
3487:
3359:
3251:
3111:
3019:
2872:
2779:
2641:
2496:
2352:
2240:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2077:
2071:
2065:
1490:
1471:
1424:
1391:
1346:
1309:
1246:
1236:
1230:
1220:
1199:
1160:
1138:
1123:
1094:
1084:
1066:
1053:
1043:
1014:
1004:
977:
967:
940:
909:
861:
847:
837:
827:
818:
808:
801:
790:
764:
758:
729:
719:
694:
684:
659:
646:
636:
630:
624:
614:
608:
602:
596:
518:
481:
471:
461:
390:
385:
7882:
7879:
7664:
7649:
7574:
The Unicode block for Syriac is U+0700–U+074F:
7523:
sound, usually when transliterating biblical Aramaic.
1110:
with a dot beneath it represents , transliterated as
9113:
Robinson's Paradigms and Exercises in Syriac Grammar
8944:
Robinson's Paradigms and Exercises in Syriac Grammar
7682:
7661:
336:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
9019:"Neusyrisches in Lateinschrift aus der Sowjetunion"
7767:
7747:
6795:, 'king') is consonantally identical to its plural
6197:), is placed above or below a letter in the
2134:(and, in early ʾEsṭrangēlā manuscripts, the letter
1071:with a dot above it represents , transliterated as
1030:with a dot below it represents , transliterated as
807:) are found. Vowel marks are usually not used with
7826:
7817:
7758:
7720:
7134:
6870:There are no firm rules for which letter receives
1229:The West Syriac dialect is usually written in the
826:The East Syriac dialect is usually written in the
7864:
7823:
7820:
7814:
7811:
7782:
7714:
7705:
7444:Ĕ is to represent an "eh" sound or , as heard in
6837:even though their forms are clearly plural: e.g.
728:The oldest and classical form of the alphabet is
14640:
9231:The Diacritical Point and the Accents in Syriac.
7853:
7850:
7844:
7841:
7832:
7829:
7791:
7788:
7785:
7750:
7744:
7738:
7735:
7732:
7711:
7679:
7456:(), only upheld by Turoyo and Chaldean speakers.
7166:and macrons to indicate long vowels, schwas and
2083:
571:was also written with Syriac script, as well as
539:began to be the dominant spoken language in the
350:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
9376:
9074:
8385:
7794:
7764:
7761:
7729:
523:variant specifically has been adapted to write
8857:
7867:
7776:
7726:
4737:
466:). There are optional diacritic marks (called
13633:
12377:
9770:
9362:
9176:. Berlin: H. Reuther's Verlagsbuchhandlung. .
8933:. Berlin: H. Reuther's Verlagsbuchhandlung. .
7870:
7773:
7476:Ṭ is an emphatic "t", , as heard in the word
7121:, however, this is not always the case (e.g.
13657:Ethno-linguistic group(s) indigenous to the
9784:
8946:(5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 141.
8089:Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
7931:Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
7894:
7483:Ū is used to represent an "oo" sound or the
7107:
7071:
6961:
6895:
6856:
6844:
6826:
6805:
6790:
6769:
6723:
6294:
6282:
6146:
6119:
6103:
4645:
4607:
4543:
4506:
4452:
4414:
4350:
4313:
4242:
4204:
4096:
4059:
4005:
3968:
3918:
3881:
3827:
3790:
3736:
3699:
3645:
3608:
3517:
3480:
3389:
3352:
3281:
3244:
3141:
3104:
3050:
3012:
2903:
2865:
2810:
2772:
2672:
2634:
2526:
2489:
2382:
2345:
2271:
2233:
735:
558:
7159:, where the Latin alphabet is predominant.
6966:, literally 'concealer', also known by the
403:since the 1st century AD. It is one of the
13640:
13626:
12384:
12370:
10084:
9777:
9763:
9369:
9355:
9288:Unicode Entity Codes for the Syriac Script
8837:. Cambridge University Press. p. 26.
7891:
7856:
7016:). The line can only occur above a letter
1489:), used only in the vocative interjection
982:; often pronounced and transliterated as
10094:
9198:Paradigms and Exercises in Syriac Grammar
9013:
8685:
7122:
7082:
6979:
6194:
1496:
1467:
1420:
1387:
1342:
1305:
1252:
1242:
1156:
1119:
1103:
1090:
1080:
1062:
1049:
1039:
1023:
1010:
1000:
973:
963:
936:
905:
867:
853:
843:
833:
766:
737:
477:
467:
457:
9037:
7539:is used to denote the "th" sound or the
6867:points when vowel markings are present.
6067:
1214:
1206:
702:
678:
653:
644:
586:
8085:
7927:
6339:('hard') are able to be 'spirantized' (
1351:; pronounced as and transliterated as
816:
487:
14:
14641:
10089:
9321:Learn Assyrian (Syriac-Aramaic) OnLine
9251:. Bethesda, MD: Ibex Publishers, Inc.
7963:Official Unicode Consortium code chart
7587:Official Unicode Consortium code chart
7498:may be used in the transliteration of
6260:
1617:
1374:) represents both , transliterated as
456:All 22 letters are consonants (called
13621:
13521:American Printing House for the Blind
13297:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
12949:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
12365:
12155:
12110:
12003:
11682:
11567:
10909:
10123:
9885:
9868:
9758:
9350:
7552:The Syriac alphabet was added to the
7294:Transliterated Syriac-Latin alphabet
6431:has become in most modern dialects.
6056:
12004:
9131:An Album of Dated Syriac Manuscripts
9115:(5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
9041:(1961). "Studies in Modern Syriac".
8907:An Album of Dated Syriac Manuscripts
8639:
7438:, the "th" sound as heard in "that".
7108:
7072:
6962:
6900:). Other letters that often receive
6896:
6857:
6849:, 'house') and its irregular plural
6845:
6827:
6806:
6791:
6770:
6724:
6694:
6670:
6636:
6626:
6602:
6574:
6550:
6521:
6497:
6468:
6444:
6414:
6390:
6295:
6283:
6185:. A mark similar in appearance to a
6157:, but it also stands for the vowels
6147:
6128:, but can also represent the vowels
6120:
6104:
4646:
4608:
4544:
4507:
4453:
4415:
4351:
4314:
4243:
4205:
4097:
4060:
4006:
3969:
3919:
3882:
3828:
3791:
3737:
3700:
3646:
3609:
3518:
3481:
3390:
3353:
3282:
3245:
3142:
3105:
3051:
3013:
2904:
2866:
2811:
2773:
2673:
2635:
2527:
2490:
2383:
2346:
2272:
2234:
1197:
559:
386:
340:. For the distinction between ,
13647:
12391:
9162:Michaelis, Ioannis Davidis (1784).
8831:P. R. Ackroyd, C. F. Evans (1975).
7939:The Syriac Abbreviation (a type of
6232:voiceless palato-alveolar affricate
6061:
418:, and shares similarities with the
24:
12111:
8858:Maissun Melhem (21 January 2010).
8701:speakers, the pharyngeal sound of
8097:
7459:Ō represents a long "o" sound or .
6108:), the first letter, represents a
1175:markings used for writing Hebrew.
619:, 'in the beginning was the word'.
25:
14675:
9263:
9196:Robinson, Theodore Henry (1915).
9151:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
8113:;) or hexadecimal format (&#x
8107:HTML numeric character references
7570:Syriac Supplement (Unicode block)
6974:in some grammars), to indicate a
1458:) represents , transliterated as
1415:) represents , transliterated as
1329:) represents , transliterated as
1296:) represents , transliterated as
582:
14621:
14609:
14566:Assyrian Democratic Organisation
13719:
13708:
13697:
8734:In the final position following
8109:can be in decimal format (&#
7464:voiceless postalveolar fricative
6219:voiced palato-alveolar affricate
6018:
5962:
5909:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5884:
5875:
5831:
5821:
5716:
5703:
5681:
5674:
5664:
5657:
5638:
5625:
5603:
5596:
5586:
5579:
5560:
5547:
5525:
5518:
5508:
5501:
5482:
5475:
5465:
5458:
5439:
5432:
5426:
5416:
5409:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5339:
5332:
5322:
5315:
5296:
5289:
5279:
5272:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5202:
5195:
5185:
5178:
5159:
5152:
5142:
5135:
5116:
5109:
5099:
5092:
5073:
5060:
5038:
5025:
5003:
4990:
4968:
4955:
4933:
4926:
4916:
4909:
4890:
4883:
4873:
4866:
4847:
4840:
4830:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4089:
4082:
4075:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3043:
3036:
3029:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2264:
2257:
2250:
1503:
1433:
1400:
1359:
1318:
1281:
1132:
990:
949:
918:
891:
361:
39:
12156:
9184:Kurzgefasste syrische Grammatik
9149:The Syriac Dot: a Short History
9063:
9031:
9007:
8998:
8989:
8984:Kurzgefasste syrische Grammatik
8973:
8968:Kurzgefasste syrische Grammatik
8957:
8888:(in German). 2003. p. 77.
8761:
8728:
8691:
8666:
8657:Also pronounced/transliterated
7135:Latin alphabet and romanization
6906:are low-rising letters—such as
6299:, 'soft' letters). The letters
6245:voiced palato-alveolar sibilant
1531:
1438:) A combined symbol of capital
1143:(usually) followed by a letter
689:liturgical manuscript from the
332:International Phonetic Alphabet
14232:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
14095:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
9850:Languages by writing system /
9303:Aramaic and Syriac handwriting
8936:
8920:
8896:
8878:
8851:
8824:
8811:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
8799:
8651:
8631:
8066:
8064:
8062:
8060:
8058:
7899:
7897:
7691:
7454:voiceless pharyngeal fricative
476:) to indicate vowels (called
13:
1:
14659:Right-to-left writing systems
13976:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
13289:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
13245:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
11683:
11568:
10910:
8792:
7466:(), the English digraph "sh".
7070:(which comprise the mnemonic
2008:
1991:
1978:
1846:
1639:
1598:
112:Christian Palestinian Aramaic
14586:Syriac Union Party (Lebanon)
14561:Assyrian Democratic Movement
13500:National Braille Association
13479:Braille Institute of America
13197:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
10124:
9624:
9613:
9602:
9591:
9580:
9569:
9558:
9547:
9536:
9525:
9514:
9503:
9492:
9481:
9470:
9459:
9448:
9437:
9426:
9415:
9404:
9393:
9324:
9313:
8781:
8775:
8769:
8754:
8748:
8742:
8736:
8716:
8704:
8680:
8674:
8659:
8644:
8386:Vowels and unique characters
8122:
8120:
7127:
7113:
7102:
7093:
7087:
7085:, 'city', pronounced
7077:
7066:
7060:
7054:
7048:
7042:
7036:
7030:
7024:
7018:
7012:
7002:
6996:
6990:
6984:
6982:, 'city', pronounced
6956:
6947:
6923:
6914:
6908:
6902:
6890:
6884:
6878:
6872:
6863:
6851:
6839:
6833:
6818:
6812:
6797:
6782:
6776:
6764:
6751:
6718:
6707:
6702:
6690:
6683:
6678:
6666:
6649:
6644:
6622:
6615:
6610:
6598:
6587:
6582:
6570:
6563:
6558:
6546:
6534:
6529:
6517:
6510:
6505:
6493:
6481:
6476:
6464:
6457:
6452:
6440:
6427:
6422:
6410:
6403:
6398:
6386:
6331:
6325:
6319:
6313:
6307:
6301:
6289:
6277:
6268:
6262:
6252:
6239:
6226:
6213:
6170:
6168:
6140:
6097:
6044:
6038:
6000:
5988:
5982:
5944:
5932:
5926:
5869:
5857:
5851:
5815:
5752:
5742:
5726:
5691:
5648:
5613:
5570:
5535:
5492:
5449:
5400:
5349:
5306:
5263:
5212:
5169:
5126:
5083:
5048:
5013:
4978:
4943:
4900:
4857:
4818:
4763:
4753:
4680:
4672:
4664:
4655:
4615:
4560:
4552:
4514:
4461:
4422:
4367:
4359:
4321:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4212:
4147:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4115:
4106:
4067:
4014:
3976:
3927:
3889:
3836:
3798:
3745:
3707:
3654:
3616:
3552:
3544:
3536:
3527:
3488:
3416:
3408:
3399:
3360:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3252:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3150:
3112:
3059:
3020:
2947:
2939:
2930:
2922:
2913:
2873:
2819:
2780:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2682:
2642:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2536:
2497:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2392:
2353:
2290:
2280:
2241:
2207:
2198:
2189:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2078:
2072:
2066:
1491:
1472:
1425:
1392:
1355:in the West Syriac dialect),
1347:
1310:
1247:
1237:
1231:
1221:
1200:
1161:
1139:
1124:
1095:
1085:
1067:
1054:
1044:
1015:
1005:
986:in the East Syriac dialect),
978:
968:
941:
910:
862:
848:
838:
828:
819:
809:
802:
791:
759:
730:
720:
695:
693:. Note the title written in
685:
660:
647:
637:
631:
625:
615:
609:
603:
597:
527:, previously written in the
519:
482:
472:
462:
399:primarily used to write the
391:
325: This article contains
7:
14571:Assyrian Universal Alliance
13797:Assyrian Church of the East
13772:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
13766:Assyrian Evangelical Church
13689:Terms for Syriac Christians
13380:Refreshable braille display
13359:Optical braille recognition
12956:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
12488:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
11631:New Epoch Notation Painting
9338:Learn Syriac Latin Alphabet
9200:. Oxford University Press.
8862:(in German). Deutsche Welle
8860:"Schriftenstreit in Syrien"
8688:) in Western Syriac.
8562:
6954:Syriac uses a line, called
6945:
4738:Contextual forms of letters
1615:
1271:
10:
14680:
14581:Syriac Union Party (Syria)
13803:Ancient Church of the East
13447:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
9886:
9182:and Julius Euting (1880).
9105:
9044:Journal of Semitic Studies
8982:and Julius Euting (1880).
8966:and Julius Euting (1880).
8081:As of Unicode version 16.0
8070:
7955:
7923:As of Unicode version 16.0
7912:
7579:
7563:
7547:
7541:voiceless dental fricative
7509:value ("v") of the letter
7286:from the Syriac script to
6076:" in Syriac in the 781 CE
1485:
1454:
1444:
1382:, and , transliterated as
1370:
1325:
1292:
765:
753:
736:
45:Estrangela-styled alphabet
14604:
14551:
14422:
14254:
14245:
14158:
14087:
13994:
13935:
13918:
13875:
13816:
13781:
13744:
13733:
13695:
13666:
13655:
13579:
13530:
13470:
13403:
13313:
13259:
13222:
13183:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
13162:
13143:
13124:
13029:
12935:
12896:
12823:
12750:
12449:
12442:
12403:
12361:
12164:
12151:
12119:
12106:
12057:
12016:
12012:
11999:
11975:
11939:
11913:
11862:
11819:
11784:
11704:
11697:Chinese family of scripts
11695:
11691:
11678:
11576:
11563:
11514:
10922:
10918:
10905:
10767:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
10754:
10402:
10145:
10136:
10132:
10119:
9894:
9881:
9877:
9869:
9864:
9852:by first written accounts
9821:
9800:
9796:
9707:
9385:
9189:Phillips, George (1866).
9186:. Leipzig: T.O. Weigel. .
9070:Syriac Romanization Table
9027:(in German) (109): 50–81.
8392:
8152:
8145:
8138:
8131:
7559:
7531:voiceless velar fricative
7504:voiced bilabial fricative
7434:Ḏ is used to represent a
6691:
6667:
6633:
6623:
6599:
6571:
6547:
6518:
6494:
6465:
6441:
6411:
6387:
6373:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6361:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6153:represents the consonant
5874:
5830:
5820:
5764:
5759:
5749:
5739:
5733:
4760:
4750:
4744:
4728:
4722:
4716:
4710:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4498:
4492:
4486:
4480:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4033:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3873:
3867:
3861:
3855:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3691:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2745:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2145:
881:
591:The opening words of the
323:
292:
282:
275:
234:
229:
182:
142:
137:
83:
73:
63:
50:
38:
32:
14101:Muslim conquest of Syria
13791:Chaldean Catholic Church
13170:Chinese semi-syllabaries
12433:Unicode braille patterns
12419:International uniformity
10874:Thomas Natural Shorthand
8986:. Leipzig: T.O. Weigel.
8970:. Leipzig: T.O. Weigel.
8758:variant of the alphabet.
8624:
7945:Syriac Abbreviation Mark
7485:close back rounded vowel
6749:
575:, which form was called
535:. Besides Aramaic, when
507:Northeastern Neo-Aramaic
14628:Christianity portal
14591:Syriac Military Council
14190:Massacres of Diyarbekir
14125:Principality of Antioch
14078:Byzantine–Sasanian wars
13885:Assyrian folk/pop music
13507:Blindness organizations
13486:Braille Without Borders
13275:Canadian currency marks
12897:Egyptian lineage family
12080:Southwest Paleohispanic
9379:Northwest Semitic abjad
9293:Meltho Fonts for Syriac
9111:Coakley, J. F. (2002).
8942:Coakley, J. F. (2002).
8619:List of writing systems
8614:History of the alphabet
7436:voiced dental fricative
6287:, 'hard' letters) from
6136:. Likewise, the letter
1514:History of the alphabet
1411:
328:phonetic transcriptions
14346:Al-Hasakah Governorate
14184:Massacres of Badr Khan
13958:Middle Assyrian Empire
13760:Syriac Catholic Church
13754:Syriac Orthodox Church
12824:Russian lineage family
12224:Great Lakes Algonquian
11133:Greco-Iberian alphabet
11066:Gabelsberger shorthand
10009:Inscriptional Parthian
9249:Introduction to Syriac
7566:Syriac (Unicode block)
7533:, , or the "kh" sound.
7174:Soviet Latin alphabet
7117:, ' lord'). In modern
6921:Besides plural nouns,
6085:
6072:The name of the monk "
1906:Great Lakes Algonquian
1226:
1212:
725:
700:
676:
620:
529:square Maalouli script
246:, Syriac
14664:Abjad writing systems
14214:Independence movement
13970:Post-imperial Assyria
13946:Early Assyrian period
13588:Accessible publishing
13514:Schools for the blind
13493:Japan Braille Library
13282:Computer Braille Code
12936:Indian lineage family
12316:Old Persian cuneiform
11183:Carolingian minuscule
9989:Ancient North Arabian
9245:Thackston, Wheeler M.
8725:a previous consonant.
6237:Added above or below
6088:Three letters act as
6078:Xi'an Nestorian Stele
6071:
6050:at the end of a word
5994:at the end of a word
5938:at the end of a word
5863:at the end of a word
1590:Ancient South Arabian
1218:
1210:
780:), in titles, and in
714:, the Syriac name of
706:
682:
657:
590:
254:(ʾEsṭrangēlā variant)
13890:Music of Mesopotamia
13837:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
13832:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
13352:Mountbatten Brailler
12707:(largely reassigned)
12490:(largely reassigned)
12039:Southeastern Iberian
12034:Northeastern Iberian
9932:Egyptian hieroglyphs
9087:. Hippocrene Books.
9039:Polotsky, Hans Jakob
8699:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
7529:is utilized for the
6927:are also placed on:
6888:are placed over the
6345:fricative consonants
1525:Egyptian hieroglyphs
1106:) The letter
1065:) The letter
1026:) The letter
616:brēšiṯ iṯaw-wā melṯā
410:descending from the
104:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
100:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
78:Right-to-left script
14196:Rise of nationalism
14137:Jalayirid Sultanate
13964:Neo-Assyrian Empire
13952:Old Assyrian period
13895:Syriac sacral music
13715:Aramean-Syriac flag
13674:Assyrian continuity
13304:Nemeth braille code
13090:(reassigned vowels)
12615:(extended to 8-dot)
12189:Canadian Aboriginal
12075:Khitan small script
11797:Khitan large script
10987:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
9279:The Syriac alphabet
9270:The Syriac alphabet
9015:Friedrich, Johannes
8609:Old Uyghur alphabet
7473:"s" or "thick s", .
7295:
7175:
6461:Gāmal rakkīḵtā
6183:classical phonology
6181:not represented in
6124:) is the consonant
2151:(Classical Syriac)
1752:Canadian Aboriginal
1323:) Lowercase alpha (
1137:) A combination of
525:Western Neo-Aramaic
96:Western Neo-Aramaic
14616:History portal
14058:Church of the East
13847:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
13684:Chaldean Catholics
13338:Braille translator
13315:Braille technology
13291:(science; GS8/GS6)
13260:Symbols in braille
13190:Taiwanese Mandarin
12705:Taiwanese Mandarin
12311:Nwagu Aneke script
11863:Other logosyllabic
11785:Chinese-influenced
11724:Oracle bone script
11706:Chinese characters
11641:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
11031:Eclectic shorthand
11019:Duployan shorthand
10972:Caucasian Albanian
10772:Canadian syllabics
9808:History of writing
9308:2018-07-23 at the
9283:Ancientscripts.com
9164:Grammatica Syriaca
8886:Oriens Christianus
8663:in Western Syriac.
7293:
7173:
6437:Gāmal (qšīṯā)
6086:
6057:Letter alterations
1976:Caucasian Albanian
1227:
1213:
872:Church of the East
760:serṭā ʾewwangēlāyā
726:
701:
677:
621:
613:(top to bottom) —
577:Suriyani Malayalam
563:). In addition to
453:individual words.
416:Palmyrene alphabet
392:ʾālep̄ bêṯ Sūryāyā
14636:
14635:
14547:
14546:
14263:
14241:
14240:
14208:Assyrian genocide
14107:Abbasid Caliphate
13929:
13812:
13811:
13679:Assyrian diaspora
13615:
13614:
13611:
13610:
13533:tactile alphabets
13461:William Bell Wait
13454:Sabriye Tenberken
13255:
13254:
13120:
13119:
13105:(Japanese vowels)
12903:-mediated scripts
12830:-mediated scripts
12357:
12356:
12353:
12352:
12349:
12348:
12209:Ditema tsa Dinoko
12147:
12146:
12102:
12101:
12098:
12097:
11995:
11994:
11991:
11990:
11815:
11814:
11674:
11673:
11559:
11558:
11555:
11554:
10901:
10900:
10897:
10896:
10750:
10749:
10115:
10114:
10102:Teeline Shorthand
9860:
9859:
9752:
9751:
9702:
9701:
9157:978-1-4632-0425-9
9121:978-0-19-926129-1
9094:978-0-7818-1087-6
9057:10.1093/jss/6.1.1
8952:978-0-19-926129-1
8807:"Syriac alphabet"
8560:
8559:
8383:
8382:
8095:
8094:
7958:Syriac Supplement
7937:
7936:
7428:
7427:
7280:
7279:
7149:Assyrian diaspora
6714:
6713:
6054:
6053:
5724:
5723:
4735:
4734:
3433:mater lectionis:
3405:mater lectionis:
2964:mater lectionis:
2919:mater lectionis:
2306:mater lectionis:
2287:mater lectionis:
2062:
2061:
1602: 5th c. BCE
964:ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ ܐܲܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ
774:Leiden University
565:Semitic languages
436:Mongolian scripts
373:rendering support
357:
356:
315:Syriac Supplement
268:(Eastern variant)
261:(Western variant)
69:c. 1 AD – present
16:(Redirected from
14671:
14626:
14625:
14614:
14613:
14612:
14259:
14252:
14251:
14226:Post-Saddam Iraq
14052:Nestorian schism
14046:Christianization
14018:(132 BCE–244 CE)
14012:(247 BCE–224 CE)
13972:(609 BCE–240 CE)
13933:
13932:
13923:
13783:East Syriac Rite
13746:West Syriac Rite
13742:
13741:
13723:
13712:
13701:
13642:
13635:
13628:
13619:
13618:
13604:
13597:
13595:Braille literacy
13590:
13572:
13565:
13558:
13551:
13544:
13523:
13516:
13509:
13502:
13495:
13488:
13481:
13463:
13456:
13449:
13442:
13435:
13428:
13421:
13414:
13396:
13389:
13387:Slate and stylus
13382:
13375:
13373:Perkins Brailler
13368:
13361:
13354:
13347:
13340:
13333:
13331:Braille embosser
13326:
13306:
13299:
13292:
13284:
13277:
13270:
13248:
13240:
13233:
13215:
13208:
13199:
13192:
13185:
13178:
13171:
13155:
13152:American Braille
13136:
13133:Algerian Braille
13113:
13106:
13098:
13091:
13083:
13076:
13069:
13062:
13054:
13047:
13040:
13022:
13014:
13007:
13000:
12993:
12986:
12979:
12972:
12965:
12958:
12951:
12928:
12920:
12913:
12889:
12882:
12875:
12868:
12861:
12854:
12847:
12840:
12814:
12809:
12804:
12797:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12775:
12768:
12761:
12748:
12747:
12743:
12736:
12729:
12722:
12715:
12708:
12700:
12693:
12686:
12679:
12672:
12665:
12658:
12651:
12644:
12637:
12630:
12623:
12616:
12608:
12601:
12594:
12587:
12580:
12573:
12566:
12559:
12552:
12545:
12538:
12531:
12524:
12517:
12505:
12498:
12491:
12483:
12476:
12469:
12462:
12447:
12446:
12435:
12428:
12421:
12414:
12397:
12386:
12379:
12372:
12363:
12362:
12153:
12152:
12108:
12107:
12014:
12013:
12006:Semi-syllabaries
12001:
12000:
11702:
11701:
11693:
11692:
11680:
11679:
11565:
11564:
10920:
10919:
10907:
10906:
10809:Japanese Braille
10394:Zanabazar square
10263:Nepalese scripts
10153:Bengali–Assamese
10143:
10142:
10134:
10133:
10121:
10120:
10038:Pitman shorthand
9883:
9882:
9879:
9878:
9866:
9865:
9798:
9797:
9779:
9772:
9765:
9756:
9755:
9629:
9618:
9607:
9596:
9585:
9574:
9563:
9552:
9541:
9530:
9519:
9508:
9497:
9486:
9475:
9464:
9453:
9442:
9431:
9420:
9409:
9398:
9388:
9387:
9371:
9364:
9357:
9348:
9347:
9327:
9316:
9211:Rudder, Joshua.
9191:A Syriac Grammar
9180:Nöldeke, Theodor
9170:Nestle, Eberhard
9099:
9098:
9078:
9072:
9067:
9061:
9060:
9035:
9029:
9028:
9011:
9005:
9002:
8996:
8993:
8987:
8980:Nöldeke, Theodor
8977:
8971:
8964:Nöldeke, Theodor
8961:
8955:
8940:
8934:
8927:Nestle, Eberhard
8924:
8918:
8900:
8894:
8893:
8882:
8876:
8875:
8869:
8867:
8855:
8849:
8848:
8828:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8803:
8786:
8784:
8778:
8772:
8765:
8759:
8757:
8751:
8745:
8739:
8732:
8726:
8719:
8712:
8707:
8695:
8689:
8687:
8683:
8677:
8672:Also pronounced
8670:
8664:
8662:
8655:
8649:
8647:
8642:
8641:
8635:
8604:Syriac Malayalam
8594:Sogdian alphabet
8589:Mongolian script
8584:Mandaic alphabet
8579:Aramaic alphabet
8390:
8129:
8125:
8088:
8080:
7953:
7952:
7930:
7922:
7698:
7697:
7577:
7576:
7500:biblical Aramaic
7296:
7292:
7176:
7172:
7139:In the 1930s, a
7130:
7124:
7116:
7111:
7110:
7105:
7096:
7090:
7084:
7080:
7075:
7074:
7069:
7063:
7057:
7051:
7045:
7039:
7033:
7027:
7021:
7015:
7005:
6999:
6993:
6987:
6981:
6965:
6964:
6959:
6950:
6926:
6917:
6911:
6905:
6899:
6898:
6893:
6887:
6881:
6875:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6842:
6836:
6830:
6829:
6824:
6815:
6810:, 'kings'); the
6809:
6808:
6803:
6794:
6793:
6788:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6754:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6699:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6675:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6638:
6631:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6579:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6555:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6502:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6449:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6419:
6418:
6417:
6416:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6350:
6349:
6334:
6328:
6322:
6316:
6310:
6304:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6271:
6265:
6255:
6242:
6229:
6216:
6196:
6173:
6152:
6150:
6149:
6143:
6123:
6122:
6107:
6106:
6100:
6091:matres lectionis
6063:Matres lectionis
6047:
6041:
6022:
6003:
5991:
5985:
5966:
5947:
5935:
5929:
5913:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5888:
5879:
5872:
5860:
5854:
5835:
5825:
5818:
5755:
5745:
5731:
5730:
5720:
5707:
5694:
5685:
5678:
5668:
5661:
5651:
5642:
5629:
5616:
5607:
5600:
5590:
5583:
5573:
5564:
5551:
5538:
5529:
5522:
5512:
5505:
5495:
5486:
5479:
5469:
5462:
5452:
5443:
5436:
5430:
5420:
5413:
5403:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5343:
5336:
5326:
5319:
5309:
5300:
5293:
5283:
5276:
5266:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5206:
5199:
5189:
5182:
5172:
5163:
5156:
5146:
5139:
5129:
5120:
5113:
5103:
5096:
5086:
5077:
5064:
5051:
5042:
5029:
5016:
5007:
4994:
4981:
4972:
4959:
4946:
4937:
4930:
4920:
4913:
4903:
4894:
4887:
4877:
4870:
4860:
4851:
4844:
4834:
4821:
4766:
4756:
4742:
4741:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4704:
4695:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4658:
4649:
4648:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4620:
4611:
4610:
4600:
4594:
4588:
4582:
4574:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4546:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4510:
4509:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4474:
4464:
4456:
4455:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4427:
4418:
4417:
4407:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4381:
4370:
4362:
4354:
4353:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4317:
4316:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4281:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4246:
4245:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4217:
4208:
4207:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4171:
4162:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4063:
4062:
4053:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4027:
4017:
4009:
4008:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3940:
3930:
3922:
3921:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3875:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3849:
3839:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3794:
3793:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3758:
3748:
3740:
3739:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3703:
3702:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3667:
3657:
3649:
3648:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3576:
3567:
3555:
3547:
3539:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3431:
3419:
3411:
3402:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3320:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3248:
3247:
3238:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3185:
3177:
3169:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3144:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3072:
3062:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2979:
2971:
2962:
2950:
2942:
2933:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2832:
2822:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2739:
2730:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2601:
2592:
2580:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2457:
2449:
2440:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2313:
2303:
2293:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2222:Transliteration
2212:
2203:
2194:
2164:Imperial Aramaic
2143:
2142:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2013:
2010:
1996:
1993:
1983:
1980:
1851:
1848:
1785:
1784:
1644:
1641:
1620:
1603:
1600:
1579:
1578:
1557:
1556:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1508:
1507:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1469:
1457:
1456:
1448:) and lowercase
1447:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1422:
1414:
1404:
1395:
1389:
1373:
1372:
1363:
1350:
1344:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1313:
1307:
1295:
1294:
1285:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1224:
1203:
1164:
1158:
1142:
1136:
1127:
1121:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1008:
1002:
994:
981:
975:
971:
965:
953:
944:
938:
922:
913:
907:
895:
869:
865:
855:
851:
845:
841:
835:
831:
822:
812:
805:
794:
784:. In some older
771:
770:
768:
762:
756:
755:
742:
741:
739:
733:
723:
698:
688:
663:
650:
640:
634:
628:
618:
612:
606:
600:
562:
561:
545:Islamic conquest
541:Fertile Crescent
522:
485:
479:
475:
469:
465:
459:
412:Aramaic alphabet
394:
389:
388:
365:
353:
347:
343:
316:
308:
267:
260:
253:
245:
242:
92:Classical Syriac
43:
30:
29:
21:
14679:
14678:
14674:
14673:
14672:
14670:
14669:
14668:
14649:Syriac alphabet
14639:
14638:
14637:
14632:
14620:
14610:
14608:
14600:
14543:
14418:
14395:Mardin Province
14258:
14237:
14220:Simele massacre
14154:
14083:
14048:(1st to 3rd c.)
14030:(64 BCE–637 CE)
14024:(66 BCE–217 CE)
14010:Parthian Empire
14004:Seleucid Empire
13996:
13990:
13986:Assyrian tribes
13954:(2025–1364 BCE)
13948:(2600–2025 BCE)
13927:
13925:
13922:
13914:
13871:
13824:
13808:
13777:
13736:
13729:
13728:
13724:
13718:
13717:
13713:
13707:
13706:
13702:
13693:
13662:
13651:
13649:Assyrian people
13646:
13616:
13607:
13600:
13593:
13586:
13575:
13568:
13561:
13554:
13547:
13540:
13526:
13519:
13512:
13505:
13498:
13491:
13484:
13477:
13466:
13459:
13452:
13445:
13438:
13431:
13424:
13419:Charles Barbier
13417:
13410:
13399:
13392:
13385:
13378:
13371:
13364:
13357:
13350:
13343:
13336:
13329:
13322:
13309:
13302:
13295:
13287:
13280:
13273:
13266:
13251:
13243:
13236:
13229:
13218:
13211:
13204:
13195:
13188:
13181:
13174:
13169:
13158:
13150:
13144:Frequency-based
13139:
13131:
13116:
13109:
13101:
13094:
13086:
13079:
13072:
13065:
13057:
13050:
13043:
13036:
13025:
13017:
13010:
13003:
12996:
12989:
12982:
12975:
12968:
12961:
12954:
12947:
12940:Bharati Braille
12937:
12931:
12923:
12916:
12909:
12898:
12892:
12885:
12878:
12871:
12864:
12857:
12850:
12843:
12836:
12825:
12819:
12812:
12807:
12800:
12795:
12790:
12785:
12778:
12771:
12764:
12757:
12746:
12739:
12732:
12725:
12718:
12711:
12703:
12696:
12689:
12682:
12675:
12668:
12661:
12654:
12647:
12640:
12633:
12626:
12619:
12611:
12604:
12597:
12590:
12583:
12576:
12569:
12562:
12555:
12548:
12541:
12534:
12527:
12520:
12514:Unified English
12508:
12501:
12494:
12486:
12479:
12472:
12465:
12458:
12443:Braille scripts
12438:
12431:
12424:
12417:
12410:
12399:
12395:
12390:
12345:
12160:
12143:
12139:Stokoe notation
12115:
12094:
12053:
12008:
11987:
11971:
11935:
11914:Logoconsonantal
11909:
11858:
11811:
11780:
11687:
11670:
11651:Siglas poveiras
11572:
11551:
11510:
11414:Younger Futhark
11118:Gregg shorthand
10914:
10893:
10746:
10398:
10128:
10111:
9890:
9873:
9856:
9829:Writing systems
9817:
9792:
9790:writing systems
9783:
9753:
9748:
9703:
9381:
9375:
9310:Wayback Machine
9266:
9108:
9103:
9102:
9095:
9079:
9075:
9068:
9064:
9036:
9032:
9012:
9008:
9003:
8999:
8994:
8990:
8978:
8974:
8962:
8958:
8941:
8937:
8925:
8921:
8901:
8897:
8884:
8883:
8879:
8865:
8863:
8856:
8852:
8845:
8829:
8825:
8815:
8813:
8805:
8804:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8789:
8766:
8762:
8733:
8729:
8696:
8692:
8671:
8667:
8656:
8652:
8636:
8632:
8627:
8599:Syriac language
8565:
8548:
8547:
8541:
8540:
8524:
8523:
8517:
8516:
8500:
8499:
8493:
8492:
8476:
8475:
8469:
8468:
8452:
8451:
8445:
8444:
8428:
8427:
8421:
8420:
8404:
8403:
8397:
8396:
8388:
8367:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8333:
8332:
8326:
8325:
8319:
8318:
8312:
8311:
8289:
8288:
8282:
8281:
8275:
8274:
8268:
8267:
8245:
8244:
8238:
8237:
8231:
8230:
8224:
8223:
8201:
8200:
8194:
8193:
8187:
8186:
8180:
8179:
8157:
8156:
8150:
8149:
8143:
8142:
8136:
8135:
8127:
8100:
8098:HTML code table
7961:
7695:
7694:
7585:
7572:
7564:Main articles:
7562:
7550:
7452:Ḥ represents a
7284:transliteration
7143:for Syriac was
7137:
6972:linea occultans
6952:
6816:above the word
6756:
6692:
6668:
6634:
6624:
6600:
6572:
6548:
6519:
6495:
6466:
6442:
6412:
6388:
6337:stop consonants
6273:
6175:
6137:
6066:
6059:
6049:
6034:
6033:
5993:
5978:
5977:
5937:
5922:
5921:
5862:
5847:
5846:
5761:
5729:
4740:
4696:
4660:
4163:
4111:
3568:
3532:
3432:
3404:
2963:
2935:
2918:
2731:
2687:
2593:
2541:
2441:
2397:
2305:
2286:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2191:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2086:). The letters
2058:
2057:
2056:
2011:
1994:
1981:
1849:
1778:
1777:
1654:
1653:
1642:
1601:
1572:
1571:
1550:
1549:
1538:
1537:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1499:, 'O!').
1274:
1205:
1186:or superscript
1040:ܥܨܵܨܵܐ ܐܲܠܝܼܨܵܐ
884:
876:Sasanian Empire
858:Hebrew alphabet
824:
776:version of the
691:Vatican Library
683:A 17th century
666:John Chrysostom
652:
585:
533:Hebrew alphabet
401:Syriac language
382:Syriac alphabet
378:
377:
376:
371:Without proper
366:
324:
319:
314:
306:
297:
285:
271:
265:
258:
251:
243:
240:
185:
178:
169:Syriac alphabet
145:
138:Related scripts
66:
59:
46:
34:
33:Syriac alphabet
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14677:
14667:
14666:
14661:
14656:
14651:
14634:
14633:
14631:
14630:
14618:
14605:
14602:
14601:
14599:
14598:
14593:
14588:
14583:
14578:
14573:
14568:
14563:
14557:
14555:
14549:
14548:
14545:
14544:
14542:
14541:
14536:
14535:
14534:
14524:
14522:United Kingdom
14519:
14514:
14509:
14504:
14499:
14494:
14489:
14484:
14479:
14474:
14469:
14464:
14459:
14454:
14449:
14444:
14439:
14434:
14428:
14426:
14420:
14419:
14417:
14416:
14415:
14414:
14413:
14412:
14407:
14402:
14392:
14387:
14382:
14372:
14371:
14370:
14365:
14364:
14363:
14358:
14353:
14338:
14337:
14336:
14331:
14326:
14316:
14315:
14314:
14309:
14304:
14299:
14298:
14297:
14292:
14287:
14282:
14275:Nineveh Plains
14266:
14264:
14249:
14243:
14242:
14239:
14238:
14236:
14235:
14229:
14223:
14217:
14211:
14205:
14202:Adana massacre
14199:
14193:
14187:
14181:
14178:Schism of 1552
14175:
14172:Ottoman Empire
14169:
14166:Safavid Empire
14162:
14160:
14156:
14155:
14153:
14152:
14146:
14140:
14134:
14128:
14122:
14116:
14113:Emirs of Mosul
14110:
14104:
14098:
14091:
14089:
14085:
14084:
14082:
14081:
14075:
14069:
14055:
14049:
14043:
14037:
14031:
14025:
14019:
14013:
14007:
14000:
13998:
13992:
13991:
13989:
13988:
13983:
13978:
13973:
13967:
13961:
13960:(1363–912 BCE)
13955:
13949:
13942:
13940:
13930:
13916:
13915:
13913:
13912:
13907:
13902:
13897:
13892:
13887:
13881:
13879:
13873:
13872:
13870:
13869:
13864:
13859:
13854:
13849:
13844:
13839:
13834:
13828:
13826:
13814:
13813:
13810:
13809:
13807:
13806:
13800:
13794:
13787:
13785:
13779:
13778:
13776:
13775:
13769:
13763:
13757:
13750:
13748:
13739:
13731:
13730:
13696:
13694:
13692:
13691:
13686:
13681:
13676:
13670:
13668:
13664:
13663:
13656:
13653:
13652:
13645:
13644:
13637:
13630:
13622:
13613:
13612:
13609:
13608:
13606:
13605:
13598:
13591:
13583:
13581:
13580:Related topics
13577:
13576:
13574:
13573:
13566:
13559:
13556:New York Point
13552:
13545:
13537:
13535:
13528:
13527:
13525:
13524:
13517:
13510:
13503:
13496:
13489:
13482:
13474:
13472:
13468:
13467:
13465:
13464:
13457:
13450:
13443:
13440:Harris Mowbray
13436:
13429:
13422:
13415:
13407:
13405:
13401:
13400:
13398:
13397:
13390:
13383:
13376:
13369:
13362:
13355:
13348:
13341:
13334:
13327:
13324:Braille e-book
13319:
13317:
13311:
13310:
13308:
13307:
13300:
13293:
13285:
13278:
13271:
13263:
13261:
13257:
13256:
13253:
13252:
13250:
13249:
13241:
13234:
13226:
13224:
13220:
13219:
13217:
13216:
13209:
13202:
13201:
13200:
13193:
13186:
13179:
13166:
13164:
13160:
13159:
13157:
13156:
13147:
13145:
13141:
13140:
13138:
13137:
13128:
13126:
13122:
13121:
13118:
13117:
13115:
13114:
13107:
13099:
13092:
13084:
13077:
13070:
13063:
13055:
13048:
13041:
13033:
13031:
13027:
13026:
13024:
13023:
13015:
13008:
13001:
12994:
12987:
12980:
12973:
12966:
12959:
12952:
12944:
12942:
12933:
12932:
12930:
12929:
12921:
12914:
12906:
12904:
12894:
12893:
12891:
12890:
12883:
12876:
12869:
12862:
12855:
12848:
12841:
12833:
12831:
12821:
12820:
12818:
12817:
12816:
12815:
12810:
12805:
12798:
12793:
12788:
12776:
12769:
12762:
12754:
12752:
12745:
12744:
12737:
12730:
12723:
12716:
12709:
12701:
12694:
12687:
12680:
12673:
12666:
12659:
12652:
12645:
12638:
12631:
12624:
12617:
12609:
12602:
12595:
12588:
12581:
12574:
12567:
12560:
12553:
12546:
12539:
12532:
12525:
12518:
12506:
12499:
12492:
12484:
12477:
12470:
12463:
12455:
12453:
12451:French-ordered
12444:
12440:
12439:
12437:
12436:
12429:
12422:
12415:
12407:
12405:
12401:
12400:
12389:
12388:
12381:
12374:
12366:
12359:
12358:
12355:
12354:
12351:
12350:
12347:
12346:
12344:
12343:
12338:
12333:
12328:
12323:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12291:Linear Elamite
12288:
12283:
12278:
12273:
12272:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12251:
12246:
12236:
12231:
12226:
12221:
12216:
12211:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12165:
12162:
12161:
12149:
12148:
12145:
12144:
12142:
12141:
12136:
12131:
12126:
12120:
12117:
12116:
12113:Sign languages
12104:
12103:
12100:
12099:
12096:
12095:
12093:
12092:
12090:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
12087:
12082:
12077:
12072:
12067:
12065:Espanca script
12061:
12059:
12055:
12054:
12052:
12051:
12046:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12024:Linear Elamite
12020:
12018:
12010:
12009:
11997:
11996:
11993:
11992:
11989:
11988:
11986:
11985:
11979:
11977:
11973:
11972:
11970:
11969:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11943:
11941:
11937:
11936:
11934:
11933:
11928:
11923:
11917:
11915:
11911:
11910:
11908:
11907:
11905:Yi (Classical)
11902:
11897:
11892:
11887:
11882:
11877:
11872:
11866:
11864:
11860:
11859:
11857:
11856:
11851:
11846:
11841:
11836:
11831:
11825:
11823:
11817:
11816:
11813:
11812:
11810:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11794:
11788:
11786:
11782:
11781:
11779:
11778:
11773:
11768:
11763:
11758:
11753:
11752:
11751:
11746:
11741:
11731:
11729:Bronze scripts
11726:
11721:
11716:
11710:
11708:
11699:
11689:
11688:
11676:
11675:
11672:
11671:
11669:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11603:
11598:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11577:
11574:
11573:
11561:
11560:
11557:
11556:
11553:
11552:
11550:
11549:
11544:
11542:Flag semaphore
11539:
11537:New York Point
11534:
11532:Telegraph code
11529:
11527:Maritime flags
11524:
11518:
11516:
11512:
11511:
11509:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11481:Visible Speech
11478:
11473:
11468:
11463:
11458:
11453:
11451:Sorang Sompeng
11448:
11443:
11438:
11437:
11436:
11431:
11426:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11406:
11401:
11396:
11386:
11381:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11361:
11356:
11355:
11354:
11353:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11335:Galik alphabet
11332:
11317:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11262:
11257:
11252:
11247:
11242:
11241:
11240:
11235:
11233:Tironian notes
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11175:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11135:
11130:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11099:
11098:
11093:
11088:
11078:
11076:Garay alphabet
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11027:
11026:
11016:
11011:
11010:
11009:
11004:
10994:
10989:
10984:
10979:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10953:
10952:
10942:
10937:
10932:
10926:
10924:
10916:
10915:
10903:
10902:
10899:
10898:
10895:
10894:
10892:
10891:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10859:Sorang Sompeng
10856:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10826:
10821:
10816:
10811:
10806:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10785:
10784:
10782:Déné syllabics
10779:
10769:
10764:
10758:
10756:
10752:
10751:
10748:
10747:
10745:
10744:
10743:
10742:
10737:
10727:
10726:
10725:
10720:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10695:
10685:
10680:
10675:
10670:
10665:
10660:
10655:
10650:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10630:
10625:
10620:
10619:
10618:
10608:
10603:
10598:
10593:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10572:
10571:
10566:
10556:
10551:
10546:
10545:
10544:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10509:
10508:
10507:
10497:
10492:
10487:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10452:
10447:
10442:
10437:
10432:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10406:
10404:
10400:
10399:
10397:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10385:
10384:
10379:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10338:
10337:
10327:
10326:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10149:
10147:
10140:
10130:
10129:
10117:
10116:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10098:
10097:
10092:
10087:
10077:
10072:
10071:
10070:
10065:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10043:Proto-Sinaitic
10040:
10035:
10034:
10033:
10023:
10018:
10017:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9965:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9928:
9927:
9917:
9916:
9915:
9904:
9903:
9895:
9892:
9891:
9875:
9874:
9862:
9861:
9858:
9857:
9855:
9854:
9848:
9847:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9825:
9823:
9819:
9818:
9816:
9815:
9810:
9804:
9802:
9794:
9793:
9782:
9781:
9774:
9767:
9759:
9750:
9749:
9747:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9720:
9719:
9708:
9705:
9704:
9700:
9699:
9696:
9693:
9690:
9687:
9684:
9681:
9678:
9675:
9672:
9669:
9666:
9663:
9660:
9657:
9654:
9651:
9648:
9645:
9642:
9639:
9636:
9632:
9631:
9620:
9609:
9598:
9587:
9576:
9565:
9554:
9543:
9532:
9521:
9510:
9499:
9488:
9477:
9466:
9455:
9444:
9433:
9422:
9411:
9400:
9386:
9383:
9382:
9374:
9373:
9366:
9359:
9351:
9345:
9344:
9335:
9329:
9318:
9300:
9295:
9290:
9285:
9276:
9265:
9264:External links
9262:
9261:
9260:
9242:
9224:
9221:978-1461021421
9209:
9194:
9187:
9177:
9167:
9160:
9142:
9127:Hatch, William
9124:
9107:
9104:
9101:
9100:
9093:
9073:
9062:
9030:
9006:
8997:
8988:
8972:
8956:
8935:
8919:
8903:Hatch, William
8895:
8877:
8850:
8843:
8823:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8788:
8787:
8760:
8727:
8690:
8665:
8650:
8645:ʾabgad Sūryāyā
8629:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
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8576:
8571:
8564:
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8537:
8534:
8533:
8530:
8526:
8525:
8521:
8520:
8518:
8514:
8513:
8510:
8509:
8506:
8502:
8501:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8490:
8489:
8486:
8485:
8482:
8478:
8477:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8466:
8465:
8462:
8461:
8458:
8454:
8453:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8442:
8441:
8438:
8437:
8434:
8430:
8429:
8425:
8424:
8422:
8418:
8417:
8414:
8413:
8410:
8406:
8405:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8394:
8393:
8387:
8384:
8381:
8380:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8364:
8363:
8361:
8357:
8356:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8348:
8345:
8342:
8339:
8335:
8334:
8330:
8329:
8327:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8316:
8315:
8313:
8309:
8308:
8305:
8304:
8301:
8298:
8295:
8291:
8290:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8272:
8271:
8269:
8265:
8264:
8261:
8260:
8257:
8254:
8251:
8247:
8246:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8235:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8225:
8221:
8220:
8217:
8216:
8213:
8210:
8207:
8203:
8202:
8198:
8197:
8195:
8191:
8190:
8188:
8184:
8183:
8181:
8177:
8176:
8173:
8172:
8169:
8166:
8163:
8159:
8158:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8147:
8146:
8144:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8133:
8132:
8126:
8119:
8099:
8096:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8082:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8063:
8061:
8059:
8057:
8054:
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8045:
8042:
8039:
8036:
8033:
8030:
8027:
8024:
8020:
8019:
8016:
8013:
8010:
8007:
8004:
8001:
7998:
7995:
7992:
7989:
7986:
7983:
7980:
7977:
7974:
7971:
7967:
7966:
7935:
7934:
7933:
7932:
7924:
7910:
7909:
7906:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7890:
7887:
7884:
7881:
7878:
7875:
7872:
7869:
7866:
7863:
7859:
7858:
7855:
7852:
7849:
7846:
7843:
7840:
7837:
7834:
7831:
7828:
7825:
7822:
7819:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7806:
7805:
7802:
7799:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7784:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7772:
7769:
7766:
7763:
7760:
7757:
7753:
7752:
7749:
7746:
7743:
7740:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7722:
7719:
7716:
7713:
7710:
7707:
7704:
7700:
7699:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7684:
7681:
7678:
7675:
7672:
7669:
7666:
7663:
7660:
7657:
7654:
7651:
7648:
7644:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7619:
7616:
7613:
7610:
7607:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7595:
7591:
7590:
7561:
7558:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7544:
7534:
7524:
7514:
7489:
7488:
7481:
7474:
7467:
7460:
7457:
7450:
7442:
7439:
7432:
7426:
7425:
7422:
7419:
7416:
7413:
7410:
7405:
7402:
7397:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7367:
7364:
7361:
7358:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7346:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7319:
7314:
7311:
7308:
7305:
7300:
7278:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7264:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7250:
7247:
7242:
7239:
7236:
7233:
7230:
7227:
7224:
7221:
7218:
7215:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7200:
7197:
7194:
7191:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7141:Latin alphabet
7136:
7133:
6951:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6933:absolute state
6755:
6748:
6712:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6701:
6689:
6684:
6682:
6677:
6665:
6659:
6658:
6651:
6648:
6643:
6621:
6616:
6614:
6609:
6597:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6581:
6569:
6564:
6562:
6557:
6545:
6539:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6528:
6516:
6514:Dālaṯ rakkīḵtā
6511:
6509:
6504:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6475:
6463:
6458:
6456:
6451:
6439:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6426:
6421:
6409:
6404:
6402:
6397:
6385:
6379:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6366:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6272:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6248:
6235:
6222:
6174:
6167:
6065:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6004:
5996:
5995:
5979:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5960:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5940:
5939:
5923:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5902:
5895:
5882:
5880:
5873:
5865:
5864:
5848:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5829:
5826:
5819:
5811:
5810:
5801:
5795:
5789:
5780:
5774:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5758:
5748:
5738:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5687:
5686:
5679:
5672:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5652:
5644:
5643:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5609:
5608:
5601:
5594:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5574:
5566:
5565:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5531:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5496:
5488:
5487:
5480:
5473:
5470:
5463:
5456:
5453:
5445:
5444:
5437:
5424:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5404:
5396:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5345:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5310:
5302:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5267:
5259:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5208:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5173:
5165:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5130:
5122:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5087:
5079:
5078:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5044:
5043:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5009:
5008:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4974:
4973:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4939:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4904:
4896:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4861:
4853:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4835:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4814:
4813:
4804:
4798:
4792:
4783:
4777:
4770:
4769:
4759:
4749:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4686:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4612:
4603:
4602:
4596:
4590:
4584:
4578:
4575:
4566:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4511:
4503:
4502:
4496:
4490:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4466:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4419:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4382:
4373:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4318:
4310:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4273:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4209:
4200:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4153:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4049:
4043:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4019:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3973:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3932:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3886:
3878:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3841:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3795:
3787:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3704:
3696:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3659:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3613:
3605:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3558:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3485:
3477:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3422:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3357:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3312:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3249:
3241:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3188:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3109:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3064:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3017:
3008:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2953:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2777:
2768:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2721:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2583:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2494:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2431:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2350:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2295:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2003:
1997:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:Square Aramaic
1761:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1688:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1645:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1587:
1575:Proto-Sinaitic
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1477:
1430:
1397:
1356:
1315:
1273:
1270:
1204:
1196:
1167:
1166:
1129:
1100:
1081:ܥܨܵܨܵܐ ܪܘܝܼܚܵܐ
1059:
1020:
1001:ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ ܟܲܪܝܵܐ
987:
974:ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܦܫܝܼܩܵܐ
946:
915:
883:
880:
823:
815:
672:Gospel of John
670:Homily on the
664:manuscript of
658:A 9th century
651:
643:
593:Gospel of John
584:
583:Alphabet forms
581:
496:Greek numerals
488:other features
397:writing system
387:ܐܠܦ ܒܝܬ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
367:
360:
359:
358:
355:
354:
348:⟩, see
321:
320:
318:
317:
309:
300:
298:
293:
290:
289:
286:
283:
280:
279:
273:
272:
270:
269:
262:
255:
247:
238:
232:
231:
227:
226:
225:
224:
223:
222:
217:
216:
215:
205:
204:
203:
186:
183:
180:
179:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
172:
171:
170:
155:Proto-Sinaitic
148:
146:
144:Parent systems
143:
140:
139:
135:
134:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
54:
52:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
27:Writing system
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14676:
14665:
14662:
14660:
14657:
14655:
14652:
14650:
14647:
14646:
14644:
14629:
14624:
14619:
14617:
14607:
14606:
14603:
14597:
14594:
14592:
14589:
14587:
14584:
14582:
14579:
14577:
14574:
14572:
14569:
14567:
14564:
14562:
14559:
14558:
14556:
14554:
14550:
14540:
14537:
14533:
14530:
14529:
14528:
14527:United States
14525:
14523:
14520:
14518:
14515:
14513:
14510:
14508:
14505:
14503:
14500:
14498:
14495:
14493:
14490:
14488:
14485:
14483:
14480:
14478:
14475:
14473:
14470:
14468:
14465:
14463:
14460:
14458:
14455:
14453:
14450:
14448:
14445:
14443:
14440:
14438:
14435:
14433:
14430:
14429:
14427:
14425:
14421:
14411:
14408:
14406:
14403:
14401:
14398:
14397:
14396:
14393:
14391:
14388:
14386:
14383:
14381:
14378:
14377:
14376:
14373:
14369:
14366:
14362:
14359:
14357:
14354:
14352:
14349:
14348:
14347:
14344:
14343:
14342:
14339:
14335:
14332:
14330:
14327:
14325:
14322:
14321:
14320:
14317:
14313:
14310:
14308:
14305:
14303:
14300:
14296:
14293:
14291:
14288:
14286:
14283:
14281:
14278:
14277:
14276:
14273:
14272:
14271:
14268:
14267:
14265:
14262:
14257:
14253:
14250:
14248:
14244:
14233:
14230:
14227:
14224:
14221:
14218:
14215:
14212:
14209:
14206:
14203:
14200:
14197:
14194:
14191:
14188:
14185:
14182:
14179:
14176:
14173:
14170:
14167:
14164:
14163:
14161:
14157:
14150:
14147:
14144:
14141:
14138:
14135:
14132:
14129:
14126:
14123:
14120:
14119:Buyid amirate
14117:
14114:
14111:
14108:
14105:
14102:
14099:
14096:
14093:
14092:
14090:
14086:
14079:
14076:
14073:
14070:
14067:
14063:
14059:
14056:
14053:
14050:
14047:
14044:
14041:
14040:Roman Assyria
14038:
14035:
14032:
14029:
14026:
14023:
14020:
14017:
14014:
14011:
14008:
14005:
14002:
14001:
13999:
13993:
13987:
13984:
13982:
13979:
13977:
13974:
13971:
13968:
13966:(911–609 BCE)
13965:
13962:
13959:
13956:
13953:
13950:
13947:
13944:
13943:
13941:
13939:
13934:
13931:
13921:
13917:
13911:
13908:
13906:
13903:
13901:
13898:
13896:
13893:
13891:
13888:
13886:
13883:
13882:
13880:
13878:
13874:
13868:
13867:Syriac script
13865:
13863:
13860:
13858:
13855:
13853:
13850:
13848:
13845:
13843:
13840:
13838:
13835:
13833:
13830:
13829:
13827:
13823:
13819:
13815:
13804:
13801:
13798:
13795:
13792:
13789:
13788:
13786:
13784:
13780:
13773:
13770:
13767:
13764:
13761:
13758:
13755:
13752:
13751:
13749:
13747:
13743:
13740:
13738:
13732:
13727:
13726:Chaldean flag
13722:
13716:
13711:
13705:
13704:Assyrian flag
13700:
13690:
13687:
13685:
13682:
13680:
13677:
13675:
13672:
13671:
13669:
13665:
13660:
13654:
13650:
13643:
13638:
13636:
13631:
13629:
13624:
13623:
13620:
13603:
13599:
13596:
13592:
13589:
13585:
13584:
13582:
13578:
13571:
13567:
13564:
13563:Night writing
13560:
13557:
13553:
13550:
13546:
13543:
13539:
13538:
13536:
13534:
13529:
13522:
13518:
13515:
13511:
13508:
13504:
13501:
13497:
13494:
13490:
13487:
13483:
13480:
13476:
13475:
13473:
13471:Organisations
13469:
13462:
13458:
13455:
13451:
13448:
13444:
13441:
13437:
13434:
13433:Valentin Haüy
13430:
13427:
13423:
13420:
13416:
13413:
13412:Louis Braille
13409:
13408:
13406:
13402:
13395:
13391:
13388:
13384:
13381:
13377:
13374:
13370:
13367:
13363:
13360:
13356:
13353:
13349:
13346:
13345:Braille watch
13342:
13339:
13335:
13332:
13328:
13325:
13321:
13320:
13318:
13316:
13312:
13305:
13301:
13298:
13294:
13290:
13286:
13283:
13279:
13276:
13272:
13269:
13268:Braille music
13265:
13264:
13262:
13258:
13246:
13242:
13239:
13235:
13232:
13231:Luxembourgish
13228:
13227:
13225:
13221:
13214:
13210:
13207:
13203:
13198:
13194:
13191:
13187:
13184:
13180:
13177:
13173:
13172:
13168:
13167:
13165:
13161:
13153:
13149:
13148:
13146:
13142:
13134:
13130:
13129:
13127:
13123:
13112:
13108:
13104:
13100:
13097:
13093:
13089:
13085:
13082:
13078:
13075:
13071:
13068:
13064:
13060:
13056:
13053:
13049:
13046:
13042:
13039:
13035:
13034:
13032:
13030:Other scripts
13028:
13020:
13016:
13013:
13009:
13006:
13002:
12999:
12995:
12992:
12988:
12985:
12981:
12978:
12974:
12971:
12967:
12964:
12960:
12957:
12953:
12950:
12946:
12945:
12943:
12941:
12934:
12926:
12922:
12919:
12915:
12912:
12908:
12907:
12905:
12902:
12895:
12888:
12884:
12881:
12877:
12874:
12870:
12867:
12863:
12860:
12856:
12853:
12849:
12846:
12842:
12839:
12835:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12822:
12811:
12806:
12803:
12802:Northern Sámi
12799:
12794:
12789:
12784:
12783:
12781:
12777:
12774:
12770:
12767:
12763:
12760:
12756:
12755:
12753:
12751:Nordic family
12749:
12742:
12738:
12735:
12731:
12728:
12724:
12721:
12717:
12714:
12710:
12706:
12702:
12699:
12695:
12692:
12691:South African
12688:
12685:
12681:
12678:
12674:
12671:
12667:
12664:
12660:
12657:
12653:
12650:
12646:
12643:
12639:
12636:
12632:
12629:
12625:
12622:
12618:
12614:
12613:Luxembourgish
12610:
12607:
12603:
12600:
12596:
12593:
12589:
12586:
12582:
12579:
12575:
12572:
12568:
12565:
12561:
12558:
12554:
12551:
12547:
12544:
12540:
12537:
12533:
12530:
12526:
12523:
12519:
12515:
12511:
12507:
12504:
12500:
12497:
12493:
12489:
12485:
12482:
12478:
12475:
12471:
12468:
12464:
12461:
12457:
12456:
12454:
12452:
12448:
12445:
12441:
12434:
12430:
12427:
12426:ASCII braille
12423:
12420:
12416:
12413:
12409:
12408:
12406:
12402:
12394:
12387:
12382:
12380:
12375:
12373:
12368:
12367:
12364:
12360:
12342:
12339:
12337:
12334:
12332:
12329:
12327:
12324:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12274:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12245:
12242:
12241:
12240:
12237:
12235:
12232:
12230:
12227:
12225:
12222:
12220:
12217:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12182:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12166:
12163:
12159:
12154:
12150:
12140:
12137:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12121:
12118:
12114:
12109:
12105:
12091:
12088:
12086:
12083:
12081:
12078:
12076:
12073:
12071:
12068:
12066:
12063:
12062:
12060:
12056:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12021:
12019:
12015:
12011:
12007:
12002:
11998:
11984:
11981:
11980:
11978:
11974:
11968:
11965:
11963:
11960:
11958:
11957:Attic (Greek)
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11944:
11942:
11938:
11932:
11929:
11927:
11924:
11922:
11919:
11918:
11916:
11912:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11895:Proto-Elamite
11893:
11891:
11888:
11886:
11883:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11867:
11865:
11861:
11855:
11852:
11850:
11847:
11845:
11842:
11840:
11837:
11835:
11832:
11830:
11827:
11826:
11824:
11822:
11818:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11789:
11787:
11783:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11736:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11711:
11709:
11707:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11694:
11690:
11686:
11681:
11677:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11578:
11575:
11571:
11566:
11562:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11519:
11517:
11513:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11467:
11464:
11462:
11459:
11457:
11454:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11439:
11435:
11432:
11430:
11427:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11409:Elder Futhark
11407:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11391:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11327:
11326:
11323:
11322:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11300:Old Hungarian
11298:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11170:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11128:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11083:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11025:
11022:
11021:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11008:
11005:
11003:
11000:
10999:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10951:
10948:
10947:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10928:
10927:
10925:
10921:
10917:
10913:
10908:
10904:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10834:Masaram Gondi
10832:
10830:
10827:
10825:
10822:
10820:
10817:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10804:Gunjala Gondi
10802:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10774:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10759:
10757:
10753:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10732:
10731:
10728:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10690:
10689:
10686:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10674:
10671:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10661:
10659:
10656:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10617:
10616:Old Sundanese
10614:
10613:
10612:
10609:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10594:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10561:
10560:
10559:Old Maldivian
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10543:
10542:Bilang-bilang
10540:
10539:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10506:
10503:
10502:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10451:
10448:
10446:
10443:
10441:
10438:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10407:
10405:
10401:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10374:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10362:Sylheti Nagri
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10336:
10333:
10332:
10331:
10328:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10281:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10265:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10163:Brahmi script
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10150:
10148:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10135:
10131:
10127:
10122:
10118:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10082:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10060:
10059:
10058:South Arabian
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10032:
10029:
10028:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10004:Inscriptional
10002:
10000:
9997:
9996:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9945:
9944:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9926:
9923:
9922:
9921:
9918:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9909:
9906:
9905:
9902:
9901:
9897:
9896:
9893:
9889:
9884:
9880:
9876:
9872:
9867:
9863:
9853:
9849:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9831:
9830:
9827:
9826:
9824:
9820:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9805:
9803:
9799:
9795:
9791:
9787:
9780:
9775:
9773:
9768:
9766:
9761:
9760:
9757:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9718:
9715:
9714:
9713:
9710:
9709:
9706:
9697:
9694:
9691:
9688:
9685:
9682:
9679:
9676:
9673:
9670:
9667:
9664:
9661:
9658:
9655:
9652:
9649:
9646:
9643:
9640:
9637:
9634:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9627:
9621:
9619:
9617:
9616:
9610:
9608:
9606:
9605:
9599:
9597:
9595:
9594:
9588:
9586:
9584:
9583:
9577:
9575:
9573:
9572:
9566:
9564:
9562:
9561:
9555:
9553:
9551:
9550:
9544:
9542:
9540:
9539:
9533:
9531:
9529:
9528:
9522:
9520:
9518:
9517:
9511:
9509:
9507:
9506:
9500:
9498:
9496:
9495:
9489:
9487:
9485:
9484:
9478:
9476:
9474:
9473:
9467:
9465:
9463:
9462:
9456:
9454:
9452:
9451:
9445:
9443:
9441:
9440:
9434:
9432:
9430:
9429:
9423:
9421:
9419:
9418:
9412:
9410:
9408:
9407:
9401:
9399:
9397:
9396:
9390:
9389:
9384:
9380:
9372:
9367:
9365:
9360:
9358:
9353:
9352:
9349:
9343:
9339:
9336:
9333:
9330:
9326:
9322:
9319:
9315:
9311:
9307:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9271:
9268:
9267:
9258:
9257:0-936347-98-8
9254:
9250:
9246:
9243:
9240:
9239:1-59333-032-4
9236:
9232:
9228:
9225:
9222:
9218:
9214:
9210:
9207:
9206:0-19-926129-6
9203:
9199:
9195:
9192:
9188:
9185:
9181:
9178:
9175:
9171:
9168:
9165:
9161:
9158:
9154:
9150:
9146:
9145:Kiraz, George
9143:
9140:
9139:1-931956-53-7
9136:
9132:
9128:
9125:
9122:
9118:
9114:
9110:
9109:
9096:
9090:
9086:
9085:
9077:
9071:
9066:
9058:
9054:
9050:
9046:
9045:
9040:
9034:
9026:
9025:
9020:
9016:
9010:
9001:
8992:
8985:
8981:
8976:
8969:
8965:
8960:
8953:
8949:
8945:
8939:
8932:
8928:
8923:
8916:
8915:1-931956-53-7
8912:
8908:
8904:
8899:
8892:
8887:
8881:
8874:
8861:
8854:
8846:
8844:9780521099738
8840:
8836:
8835:
8827:
8812:
8808:
8802:
8798:
8783:
8777:
8771:
8764:
8756:
8750:
8744:
8738:
8731:
8724:
8720:
8718:
8708:
8706:
8700:
8694:
8682:
8676:
8669:
8661:
8654:
8646:
8634:
8630:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8566:
8555:
8552:
8551:
8543:
8536:
8535:
8531:
8528:
8527:
8519:
8512:
8511:
8507:
8504:
8503:
8495:
8488:
8487:
8483:
8480:
8479:
8471:
8464:
8463:
8459:
8456:
8455:
8447:
8440:
8439:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8423:
8416:
8415:
8411:
8408:
8407:
8399:
8391:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8370:
8362:
8355:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8346:
8343:
8340:
8337:
8336:
8328:
8321:
8314:
8307:
8306:
8302:
8299:
8296:
8293:
8292:
8284:
8277:
8270:
8263:
8262:
8258:
8255:
8252:
8249:
8248:
8240:
8233:
8226:
8219:
8218:
8214:
8211:
8208:
8205:
8204:
8196:
8189:
8182:
8175:
8174:
8170:
8167:
8164:
8161:
8160:
8130:
8124:
8118:
8116:
8112:
8108:
8104:
8087:
8083:
8079:
8075:
8074:
8073:
8069:
8022:
8021:
8017:
8014:
8011:
8008:
8005:
8002:
7999:
7996:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7984:
7981:
7978:
7975:
7972:
7969:
7968:
7964:
7960:
7959:
7954:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7942:
7929:
7925:
7921:
7917:
7916:
7915:
7911:
7861:
7860:
7808:
7807:
7755:
7754:
7702:
7701:
7646:
7645:
7641:
7638:
7635:
7632:
7629:
7626:
7623:
7620:
7617:
7614:
7611:
7608:
7605:
7602:
7599:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7583:
7578:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7557:
7555:
7542:
7538:
7535:
7532:
7528:
7525:
7522:
7518:
7515:
7512:
7508:
7505:
7501:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7492:
7486:
7482:
7479:
7475:
7472:
7469:Ṣ denotes an
7468:
7465:
7461:
7458:
7455:
7451:
7449:
7448:
7443:
7440:
7437:
7433:
7430:
7429:
7423:
7420:
7417:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7382:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7365:
7362:
7359:
7356:
7353:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7339:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7312:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7291:
7289:
7285:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7265:
7262:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7216:
7213:
7210:
7207:
7204:
7201:
7198:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7171:
7169:
7165:
7160:
7158:
7154:
7150:
7146:
7142:
7132:
7129:
7120:
7115:
7104:
7100:Classically,
7098:
7095:
7089:
7079:
7068:
7062:
7056:
7050:
7044:
7038:
7032:
7026:
7020:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6998:
6992:
6986:
6977:
6976:silent letter
6973:
6969:
6958:
6949:
6940:
6937:
6934:
6930:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6919:
6916:
6910:
6904:
6892:
6886:
6880:
6874:
6868:
6865:
6853:
6841:
6835:
6823:
6822:
6814:
6802:
6801:
6787:
6786:
6778:
6766:
6761:
6753:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6735:
6733:
6732:
6720:
6716:The mnemonic
6709:
6705:
6688:
6685:
6681:
6664:
6661:
6660:
6656:
6652:
6647:
6620:
6617:
6613:
6596:
6593:
6592:
6589:
6585:
6568:
6567:Kāp̄ rakkīḵtā
6565:
6561:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6515:
6512:
6508:
6491:
6490:Dālaṯ (qšīṯā)
6488:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6462:
6459:
6455:
6438:
6435:
6434:
6430:
6425:
6408:
6405:
6401:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6333:
6327:
6321:
6315:
6309:
6303:
6291:
6279:
6270:
6264:
6254:
6249:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6180:
6172:
6166:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6144:
6142:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6101:
6099:
6093:
6092:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6070:
6064:
6046:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6027:
6024:
6021:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5997:
5990:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5934:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5915:
5912:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5887:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5859:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5827:
5824:
5817:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5802:
5800:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5768:
5757:
5754:
5747:
5744:
5737:
5732:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5646:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5524:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5494:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5478:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5108:
5105:
5102:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4758:
4755:
4748:
4743:
4727:
4721:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4668:
4666:
4659:
4657:
4651:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4605:
4604:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4549:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4505:
4504:
4497:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4458:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4398:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4356:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4312:
4311:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4248:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4202:
4201:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4058:
4057:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4011:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3957:
3951:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3924:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3903:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3789:
3788:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3742:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3698:
3697:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3651:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3606:
3599:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3565:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3438:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3243:
3242:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3147:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3102:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3056:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2941:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2917:
2915:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2855:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2770:
2769:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2447:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2050:
2049:Paleohispanic
2047:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:Libyco-Berber
2025:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1990:
1987:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1845:
1844:Old Hungarian
1842:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1748:10th century
1747:
1744:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1504:Summary table
1493:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1261:chancery hand
1258:
1249:
1239:
1233:
1223:
1217:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1011:ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܩܲܫܝܵܐ
1007:
998:
993:
988:
985:
980:
970:
961:
957:
952:
947:
943:
934:
930:
926:
921:
916:
912:
903:
899:
894:
889:
888:
887:
879:
877:
873:
864:
859:
850:
840:
830:
821:
814:
811:
806:
804:
799:
795:
793:
787:
783:
779:
775:
761:
750:
746:
732:
722:
717:
713:
709:
705:
697:
692:
687:
681:
674:
673:
667:
662:
656:
649:
642:
639:
633:
627:
617:
611:
605:
599:
594:
589:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
556:
555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
484:
474:
464:
454:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
406:
402:
398:
393:
383:
374:
370:
364:
351:
339:
335:
333:
329:
322:
313:
312:U+0860–U+086F
310:
305:
304:U+0700–U+074F
302:
301:
299:
296:
295:Unicode range
291:
287:
284:Unicode alias
281:
278:
274:
263:
256:
249:
248:
239:
237:
233:
228:
221:
218:
214:
211:
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:Old Hungarian
199:
198:
197:
194:
193:
192:
189:
188:
187:
184:Child systems
181:
168:
167:
166:
163:
162:
161:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
151:
147:
141:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
68:
62:
58:
53:
49:
42:
37:
31:
19:
14143:Qara Qoyunlu
14006:(312–63 BCE)
13866:
13737:Christianity
13103:Thai and Lao
12780:Scandinavian
12412:1829 braille
12404:Braille cell
12204:Cypro-Minoan
12070:Pahawh Hmong
11983:Sitelen Pona
11947:Hindu-Arabic
11280:Mundari Bani
10854:Pahawh Hmong
10663:Tamil-Brahmi
10569:Eveyla Akuru
10564:Dhives Akuru
10079:
10031:Paleo-Hebrew
9898:
9834:undeciphered
9743:
9729:Paleo-Hebrew
9717:Inscriptions
9622:
9611:
9600:
9589:
9578:
9567:
9556:
9545:
9534:
9523:
9512:
9501:
9490:
9479:
9468:
9457:
9446:
9435:
9424:
9413:
9402:
9391:
9332:GNU FreeFont
9274:Omniglot.com
9248:
9230:
9227:Segal, J. B.
9212:
9197:
9190:
9183:
9173:
9163:
9148:
9130:
9112:
9083:
9076:
9065:
9048:
9042:
9033:
9022:
9009:
9000:
8991:
8983:
8975:
8967:
8959:
8943:
8938:
8930:
8922:
8906:
8898:
8889:
8885:
8880:
8871:
8864:. Retrieved
8853:
8833:
8826:
8814:. Retrieved
8810:
8801:
8773:usages, the
8763:
8730:
8714:
8702:
8693:
8668:
8653:
8633:
8556:݇
8532:܂
8508:݂
8460:ܿ
8436:ܹ
8412:ܵ
8379:ܫ
8347:ܦ
8303:ܡ
8259:ܛ
8215:ܗ
8171:ܐ
8114:
8110:
8102:
8101:
8086:
8078:
8071:
7956:
7949:
7938:
7928:
7920:
7913:
7580:
7573:
7551:
7510:
7502:to show the
7490:
7477:
7445:
7281:
7161:
7138:
7131:, ' lord').
7099:
7078:ʿamlay nūhrā
7008:assimilating
6971:
6953:
6920:
6869:
6820:
6799:
6784:
6757:
6736:
6729:
6715:
6703:
6687:Taw rakkīḵtā
6686:
6679:
6662:
6654:
6645:
6618:
6611:
6594:
6583:
6566:
6559:
6543:Kāp̄ (qšīṯā)
6542:
6530:
6513:
6506:
6489:
6477:
6460:
6453:
6436:
6423:
6407:Bēṯ rakkīḵtā
6406:
6399:
6382:
6274:
6250:Added above
6224:Added below
6211:Added below
6202:
6198:
6190:
6189:(~), called
6176:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6113:
6110:glottal stop
6089:
6087:
6062:
6030:
5974:
5918:
5843:
5816:Lāmaḏ-ʾĀlep̄
5807:
5805:unconnected
5804:
5798:
5792:
5791:Unconnected
5786:
5784:unconnected
5783:
5777:
5771:
5770:Unconnected
5765:Description
5762:character(s)
5750:
5740:
5735:
4810:
4808:unconnected
4807:
4801:
4795:
4794:Unconnected
4789:
4787:unconnected
4786:
4780:
4774:
4773:Unconnected
4761:
4751:
4746:
4678:
4670:
4662:
4653:
4558:
4550:
4459:
4365:
4357:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4104:
4012:
3925:
3834:
3743:
3652:
3550:
3542:
3534:
3525:
3414:
3406:
3397:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3057:
2945:
2937:
2928:
2920:
2911:
2817:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2680:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2534:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2390:
2288:
2278:
2215:
2175:
2063:
2039:Neo-Tifinagh
2035:4th century
2029:10th c. BCE
1908:19th century
1840:6th century
1825:
1812:4th century
1779:
1734:7th century
1718:Dhives Akuru
1708:4th century
1697:
1667:10th c. BCE
1665:Paleo-Hebrew
1661:12th c. BCE
1611:12th c. BCE
1580:19th c. BCE
1573:
1551:
1546:32nd c. BCE
1539:
1523:
1463:
1459:
1416:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1364:) Lowercase
1352:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1301:
1297:
1275:
1256:
1228:
1198:West Syriac
1187:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1076:
1072:
1045:ʿṣāṣā ʾălīṣā
1035:
1031:
1027:
996:
983:
969:rḇāṣā ʾărīḵā
959:
955:
932:
928:
924:
901:
897:
885:
825:
817:East Syriac
782:inscriptions
767:ܣܪܛܐ ܐܘܢܓܠܝܐ
748:
727:
711:
707:
669:
622:
552:
548:
500:
455:
440:
414:through the
381:
379:
368:
344:and ⟨
326:
14502:New Zealand
14497:Netherlands
14261:Settlements
14174:(1555–1917)
14151:(1453–1501)
14145:(1375–1468)
14139:(1335–1432)
14133:(1258–1335)
14127:(1098–1268)
14088:Middle ages
14028:Roman Syria
14022:Syrian Wars
13659:Middle East
13602:RoboBraille
13426:Róża Czacka
13366:Perforation
13163:Independent
13061:(Bhutanese)
12796:Greenlandic
12467:Azerbaijani
12269:Jindai moji
12158:Syllabaries
12129:SignWriting
12029:Celtiberian
11931:Hieroglyphs
11734:Seal script
11719:Traditional
11591:Blissymbols
11496:Warang Citi
11471:Tolong Siki
11424:Marcomannic
11404:Dalecarlian
11394:Anglo-Saxon
11374:Pau Cin Hau
11265:Medefaidrin
11218:Merovingian
11178:Blackletter
11086:Asomtavruli
10879:Warang Citi
10688:Ulu scripts
10633:New Tai Lue
10576:Mon–Burmese
10430:Bhattiprolu
10258:Nandinagari
10085:ʾEsṭrangēlā
9844:constructed
9342:Wikiversity
9317:(classical)
9314:ʾEsṭrangēlā
9051:(1): 1–32.
8866:15 November
8721:( or ∅) or
8697:Among most
8640:ܐܒܓܕ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ
8553:܄
8529:܀
8505:݁
8484:̰
8457:ܼ
8433:ܸ
8409:ܲ
8376:ܬ
8344:ܨ
8341:ܩ
8338:ܪ
8300:ܢ
8297:ܤ
8294:ܥ
8256:ܝ
8253:ܟ
8250:ܠ
8212:ܘ
8209:ܙ
8206:ܚ
8168:ܒ
8165:ܓ
8162:ܕ
7157:Anglosphere
7073:ܥܡ̈ܠܝ ܢܘܗܪܐ
6994:, with the
6663:Taw (qšīṯā)
6632: or
6619:Pē rakkīḵtā
6383:Bēṯ (qšīṯā)
6195:ܡܲܓ̰ܠܝܼܵܢܵܐ
5803:Initial or
5782:Initial or
5746:(classical)
5743:ʾEsṭrangēlā
4806:Initial or
4785:Initial or
4757:(classical)
4754:ʾEsṭrangēlā
3424:consonant:
3396:consonant:
2955:consonant:
2910:consonant:
2192:(classical)
2190:ʾEsṭrangēlā
2176:Equivalent
2171:Equivalent
2166:Equivalent
2161:Equivalent
2149:Sound Value
1966:3rd century
1960:3rd century
1946:4th century
1940:2nd century
1896:7th c. BCE
1890:8th c. BCE
1884:8th c. BCE
1876:2nd century
1834:2nd c. BCE
1828:2nd c. BCE
1806:2nd c. BCE
1792:4th century
1786:3rd c. BCE
1766:3rd c. BCE
1720:6th century
1714:4th century
1693:3rd c. BCE
1681:8th c. BCE
1643: 1601
1592:9th c. BCE
1586:15th c. BCE
1558:7th c. BCE
1140:rḇāṣā karyā
1086:ʿṣāṣā rwīḥā
1016:zlāmā qašyā
1006:rḇāṣā karyā
979:zlāmā pšīqā
854:ܐܵܬ݂ܘܿܪܵܝܵܐ
810:ʾEsṭrangēlā
786:manuscripts
731:ʾEsṭrangēlā
721:ʾEsṭrangēlā
696:ʾEsṭrangēlā
661:ʾEsṭrangēlā
648:ʾEsṭrangēlā
626:ʾEsṭrangēlā
610:ʾEsṭrangēlā
595:written in
515:vernaculars
509:dialect of
447:letter case
65:Time period
51:Script type
14643:Categories
14385:Diyarbakır
14356:Tell Tamer
14351:Al-Hasakah
14247:By country
14159:Modern era
14149:Aq Qoyunlu
14121:(945–1055)
14115:(905–1383)
14109:(750–1258)
13924:(including
13900:Folk dance
13154:(obsolete)
13135:(obsolete)
12927:(Pakistan)
12838:Belarusian
12720:Vietnamese
12663:Portuguese
12649:Philippine
12606:Lithuanian
12259:Hentaigana
12254:Man'yōgana
11714:Simplified
11601:Ersu Shaba
11515:Non-linear
11320:Old Uyghur
11310:Old Permic
11305:Old Italic
11238:Visigothic
11173:Beneventan
11108:Glagolitic
11071:Gadabuursi
10735:Kolezhuthu
10730:Vatteluttu
10668:Tanchangya
10591:Saurashtra
10168:Devanagari
10026:Phoenician
9979:Manichaean
9724:Phoenician
8891:dialect...
8793:References
8660:Estrangelo
8481:̈
7947:(U+070F).
7519:denotes a
7480:("three").
7168:diphthongs
7164:diacritics
7083:ܡܕ݂ܺܝܢ̄ܬܳܐ
6980:ܡܕ݂ܝܼܢ݇ܬܵܐ
6740:gemination
6731:Begadkepat
6595:Pē (qšīṯā)
6371:Translit.
6368:Fricative
6359:Translit.
5870:Taw-ʾĀlep̄
5797:Connected
5776:Connected
4800:Connected
4779:Connected
2185:Translit.
2159:Phoenician
2051:7th c. BCE
2017:Old Permic
2012: 940
2000:Glagolitic
1995: 430
1982: 420
1954:5th c. BCE
1857:Old Uyghur
1850: 650
1838:Old Turkic
1800:2nd c. BCE
1746:Devanagari
1687:3rd c. BCE
1673:6th c. BCE
1659:Phoenician
1609:Phoenician
1564:3rd c. BCE
1479:Lowercase
1405:) Capital
1286:) Capital
834:ܡܲܕ݂ܢܚܵܝܵܐ
747:adjective
645:Classical
543:after the
420:Phoenician
220:Manichaean
208:Old Uyghur
196:Old Turkic
160:Phoenician
18:Esṭrangela
14654:Tur Abdin
14576:Dawronoye
14507:Palestine
14437:Australia
14410:Tur Abdin
14290:Tel Keppe
14210:(1914–20)
14198:(19th c.)
14180:(16th c.)
14168:(1508–55)
14131:Ilkhanate
14080:(502–628)
14074:(226–651)
14072:Asoristan
14042:(116–118)
13997:antiquity
13995:Classical
13928:contexts)
13825:languages
13570:Vibratese
13549:Moon type
13542:Decapoint
13223:Eight-dot
13176:Cantonese
13125:Reordered
13088:Inuktitut
12977:Malayalam
12887:Ukrainian
12866:Mongolian
12845:Bulgarian
12808:Norwegian
12773:Icelandic
12564:Hungarian
12522:Esperanto
12474:Cantonese
12058:Redundant
11870:Anatolian
11821:Cuneiform
11749:bird-worm
11685:Logograms
11656:Testerian
11570:Ideograms
11547:Moon type
11434:Staveless
11325:Mongolian
11270:Molodtsov
11228:Sütterlin
11096:Mkhedruli
10962:Bassa Vah
10912:Alphabets
10884:Mwangwego
10849:Mwangwego
10824:Kharosthi
10777:Blackfoot
10740:Malayanma
10611:Sundanese
10606:Sukhothai
10554:Malayalam
10505:Khom Thai
10465:Goykanadi
10389:Tocharian
10342:ʼPhags-pa
10213:Khudabadi
10158:Bhaiksuki
10053:Samaritan
9984:Nabataean
9839:inventors
9328:(eastern)
8723:geminates
8123:Ālep̄ bēṯ
7507:allophone
7145:developed
7010:with the
7000:over the
6762:, called
6760:diaeresis
6744:etymology
6719:bḡaḏkp̄āṯ
6191:majlīyānā
6171:Majlīyānā
5756:(eastern)
5727:Ligatures
4767:(eastern)
2219:(typing)
2210:(western)
2201:(eastern)
2154:Numerical
1912:Blackfoot
1862:Mongolian
1804:Nabataean
1798:Palmyrene
1738:ʼPhags-pa
1685:Kharosthi
1671:Samaritan
1470:,
1423:,
1390:,
1345:,
1308:,
1266:parchment
1159:,
1122:,
1093:,
1083:,
1052:,
1042:,
1013:,
1003:,
976:,
966:,
939:,
908:,
844:ܣܘܵܕ݂ܵܝܵܐ
754:στρογγύλη
749:strongýlē
573:Malayalam
480:,
470:,
460:,
266:Syrn, 136
259:Syrj, 137
252:Syre, 138
236:ISO 15924
230:ISO 15924
213:Mongolian
124:Malayalam
84:Languages
74:Direction
14553:Politics
14424:Diaspora
14405:Mazıdağı
14361:Qamishli
14334:Sanandaj
14307:Shaqlawa
14295:Bartella
14280:Qaraqosh
14256:Homeland
14054:(5th c.)
14036:(15–116)
14034:Adiabene
13981:Arameans
13936:Ancient
13910:Clothing
13852:Hertevin
13667:Identity
13206:Japanese
13067:Georgian
13059:Dzongkha
13045:Armenian
12963:Gujarati
12828:Cyrillic
12759:Estonian
12734:Yugoslav
12670:Romanian
12642:Nigerian
12557:Hawaiian
12543:Ghanaian
12460:Albanian
12321:Sumerian
12286:Linear B
12249:Katakana
12244:Hiragana
12194:Cherokee
12124:ASLwrite
12085:Bopomofo
11940:Numerals
11926:Hieratic
11885:Isthmian
11854:Sumerian
11834:Assyrian
11829:Akkadian
11486:Vithkuqi
11461:Tifinagh
11429:Medieval
11384:Pisidian
11379:Phrygian
11350:Vagindra
11295:Ol Chiki
11203:Interlac
11158:Kayah Li
11148:Jenticha
11103:Veso Bey
11091:Nuskhuri
11081:Georgian
11051:Formosan
11046:Etruscan
11041:Enochian
10997:Cyrillic
10982:Coelbren
10940:Armenian
10839:Meroitic
10829:Mandombe
10819:Jenticha
10683:Tigalari
10648:Tai Viet
10643:Tai Tham
10623:Tagbanwa
10475:Javanese
10425:Baybayin
10415:Balinese
10403:Southern
10298:Pracalit
10293:Pachumol
10268:Bhujimol
10228:Mahajani
10188:Gurmukhi
10178:Gujarati
10146:Northern
10126:Abugidas
10107:Ugaritic
10095:Maḏnḥāyā
9969:Tifinagh
9962:Solitreo
9900:Numerals
9813:Grapheme
9801:Overview
9325:Maḏnḥāyā
9306:Archived
9247:(1999).
9229:(1953).
9172:(1888).
9147:(2015).
9129:(1946).
9017:(1959).
8929:(1888).
8905:(1946).
8873:letters.
8816:June 16,
8767:In some
8755:Maḏnḥāyā
8574:Alphabet
8563:See also
8056:ࡪ
8053:ࡩ
8050:ࡨ
8047:ࡧ
8044:ࡦ
8041:ࡥ
8038:ࡤ
8035:ࡣ
8032:ࡢ
8029:ࡡ
8026:ࡠ
7941:overline
7908:ݏ
7905:ݎ
7902:ݍ
7895:݊
7892:݉
7889:݈
7886:݇
7883:݆
7880:݅
7877:݄
7874:݃
7871:݂
7868:݁
7865:݀
7857:ܿ
7854:ܾ
7851:ܽ
7848:ܼ
7845:ܻ
7842:ܺ
7839:ܹ
7836:ܸ
7833:ܷ
7830:ܶ
7827:ܵ
7824:ܴ
7821:ܳ
7818:ܲ
7815:ܱ
7812:ܰ
7804:ܯ
7801:ܮ
7798:ܭ
7795:ܬ
7792:ܫ
7789:ܪ
7786:ܩ
7783:ܨ
7780:ܧ
7777:ܦ
7774:ܥ
7771:ܤ
7768:ܣ
7765:ܢ
7762:ܡ
7759:ܠ
7751:ܟ
7748:ܞ
7745:ܝ
7742:ܜ
7739:ܛ
7736:ܚ
7733:ܙ
7730:ܘ
7727:ܗ
7724:ܖ
7721:ܕ
7718:ܔ
7715:ܓ
7712:ܒ
7709:ܑ
7706:ܐ
7689:܍
7686:܌
7683:܋
7680:܊
7677:܉
7674:܈
7671:܇
7668:܆
7665:܅
7662:܄
7659:܃
7656:܂
7653:܁
7650:܀
7471:emphatic
7155:and the
7125:
7103:mṭalqānā
6997:mṭalqānā
6957:mṭalqānā
6948:Mṭalqānā
6700:
6676:
6642:
6608:
6580:
6556:
6527:
6503:
6474:
6450:
6420:
6396:
6243:: to (
6230:: to (
6217:: to (
6199:Maḏnḥāyā
6179:phonemes
6048:combined
5992:combined
5936:combined
5861:combined
5753:Maḏnḥāyā
4764:Maḏnḥāyā
4731:
4725:
4719:
4713:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4583:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4483:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4036:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3475:
3469:
3463:
3457:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2285:or null
2199:Maḏnḥāyā
2033:Tifinagh
2006:Cyrillic
1989:Georgian
1970:Armenian
1888:Etruscan
1584:Ugaritic
1562:Meroitic
1541:Hieratic
1257:Jacobite
1155:(called
1118:(called
1079:(called
1038:(called
999:(called
962:(called
935:(called
904:(called
868:ܟܲܠܕܵܝܵܐ
849:ʾĀṯōrāyā
829:Maḏnḥāyā
820:Maḏnḥāyā
796:and the
778:Peshitta
738:ܐܣܛܪܢܓܠܐ
686:Maḏnḥāyā
632:Maḏnḥāyā
604:Maḏnḥāyā
554:Garshuni
549:Karshuni
458:ܐܵܬܘܼܬܵܐ
451:separate
342:/ /
338:Help:IPA
150:Egyptian
128:Karshoni
120:Garshuni
14539:Uruguay
14532:Detroit
14487:Lebanon
14467:Germany
14462:Georgia
14452:Finland
14442:Belgium
14432:Armenia
14380:Hakkari
14234:(2014–)
14228:(2003–)
14216:(1919–)
14186:(1840s)
14016:Osroene
13938:Assyria
13926:related
13920:History
13905:Cuisine
13877:Culture
13818:Aramaic
13805:(1968–)
13799:(1692–)
13793:(1552–)
13774:(1940–)
13768:(1870–)
13762:(1662–)
13111:Tibetan
13052:Burmese
13038:Amharic
13021:(India)
12998:Sinhala
12991:Punjabi
12970:Kannada
12918:Persian
12873:Russian
12813:Swedish
12791:Finnish
12766:Faroese
12741:Zambian
12713:Turkish
12698:Spanish
12621:Maltese
12599:Latvian
12592:Italian
12571:Iñupiaq
12550:Guarani
12510:English
12481:Catalan
12398:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
12393:Braille
12276:Kikakui
12214:Eskayan
12199:Cypriot
12049:Dunging
11921:Demotic
11900:Tenevil
11844:Hittite
11839:Elamite
11792:Jurchen
11771:Sawndip
11766:Chữ Nôm
11666:Zapotec
11661:Yerkish
11636:Nsibidi
11621:Miꞌkmaw
11611:Isotype
11581:Adinkra
11522:Braille
11506:Zaghawa
11476:Vellara
11456:Sunuwar
11446:Sidetic
11441:Shavian
11369:Osmanya
11359:Ol Onal
11213:Kurrent
11198:Insular
11188:Fraktur
11163:Klingon
11153:Kaddare
11127:Archaic
11036:Elbasan
11024:Chinook
11014:Deseret
11002:Bosnian
10957:Avoiuli
10945:Avestan
10935:Ariyaka
10864:Tengwar
10762:Bharati
10723:Serawai
10713:Pasemah
10698:Lampung
10653:Lai Tay
10638:Tai Noi
10601:Sinhala
10581:Pallava
10549:Makasar
10537:Lontara
10512:Kulitan
10485:Kannada
10480:Kadamba
10470:Hanunoo
10460:Grantha
10455:Fakkham
10372:Tibetan
10357:Soyombo
10352:Siddhaṃ
10347:Sharada
10323:Litumol
10313:Tirhuta
10303:Ranjana
10288:Kvemmol
10248:Multani
10233:Marchen
10198:Kalinga
10138:Brahmic
10075:Sogdian
10014:Psalter
9994:Pahlavi
9974:Mandaic
9952:Cursive
9937:Elymaic
9908:Aramaic
9739:Aramaic
9712:History
9106:Sources
8023:U+086x
7862:U+074x
7809:U+073x
7756:U+072x
7703:U+071x
7647:U+070x
7554:Unicode
7548:Unicode
7462:Š is a
7091:, not *
6988:, not *
6882:, then
6343:) into
6341:lenited
6290:rūkkāḵā
6278:qūššāyā
6269:qūššāyā
6263:Rūkkāḵā
6001:Taw-Yōḏ
5808:medial
5787:medial
5760:Unicode
5734:Letter
4811:medial
4790:medial
4745:Letter
2216:Unicode
2174:Arabic
2146:Letter
1924:Saanich
1900:Deseret
1874:Mandaic
1832:Sogdian
1790:Avestan
1781:Pahlavi
1732:Tibetan
1706:Pallava
1699:Brahmic
1679:Aramaic
1553:Demotic
1450:omicron
1440:upsilon
1421:ܚܒ݂ܳܨܳܐ
1388:ܪܒ݂ܳܨܳܐ
1366:epsilon
1343:ܙܩܳܦ݂ܳܐ
1306:ܦܬ݂ܳܚܳܐ
1253:ܦܫܺܝܛܳܐ
1225:script.
1157:ܐܲܣܵܩܵܐ
1120:ܚܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ
1050:ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ
937:ܙܩܵܦ݂ܵܐ
906:ܦܬ݂ܵܚܵܐ
874:in the
863:Kaldāyā
839:Swāḏāyā
769:
740:
724:script.
718:in the
569:Sogdian
513:, once
505:to the
468:ܢܘܼܩܙܵܐ
443:cursive
432:Sogdian
405:Semitic
395:) is a
330:in the
277:Unicode
191:Sogdian
165:Aramaic
132:Sogdian
88:Aramaic
55:Impure
14596:Sutoro
14517:Sweden
14512:Russia
14492:Mexico
14482:Jordan
14477:Israel
14472:Greece
14457:France
14447:Canada
14400:Mardin
14390:Elazığ
14375:Turkey
14368:Khabur
14329:Salmas
14302:Ankawa
14285:Alqosh
14222:(1933)
14204:(1909)
14192:(1895)
14103:(630s)
14097:(630s)
13862:Mlaḥsô
13857:Senaya
13842:Turoyo
13822:Syriac
13756:(518–)
13735:Syriac
13531:Other
13404:People
13394:Braigo
13213:Korean
13081:Hebrew
13012:Telugu
12911:Arabic
12901:Arabic
12859:Kyrgyz
12852:Kazakh
12786:Danish
12684:Slovak
12677:Samoan
12656:Polish
12635:Navajo
12536:German
12529:French
12396:
12341:Yugtun
12331:Woleai
12281:Kpelle
12264:Sōgana
12184:Byblos
11962:Muisca
11880:Cretan
11849:Luwian
11807:Tangut
11626:Mixtec
11596:Dongba
11501:Yezidi
11491:Wancho
11466:Todhri
11419:Gothic
11399:Cipher
11340:Manchu
11330:Evenki
11315:Orkhon
11260:Manchu
11255:Lydian
11250:Lycian
11193:Gaelic
11143:Hanifi
11138:Hangul
11113:Gothic
11061:Fraser
11056:Fox II
10992:Coptic
10967:Carian
10950:Pazend
10923:Linear
10869:Thaana
10814:Sarati
10755:Others
10718:Rejang
10703:Lembak
10693:Incung
10673:Telugu
10628:Tai Le
10522:Langdi
10445:Chakma
10335:Karani
10308:Tamyig
10283:Kummol
10278:Himmol
10273:Golmol
10253:Nagari
10238:Meitei
10223:Lepcha
10208:Khojki
10193:Kaithi
10080:Syriac
10068:Musnad
9947:Ashuri
9942:Hebrew
9925:Elifba
9920:Arabic
9913:Hatran
9888:Abjads
9744:Syriac
9734:Hebrew
9255:
9237:
9219:
9204:
9155:
9137:
9119:
9091:
8950:
8913:
8841:
8749:ʾĀlep̄
8717:ʾĀlep̄
8675:ʾĀlap̄
7970:
7965:(PDF)
7594:
7589:(PDF)
7582:Syriac
7560:Blocks
7153:Europe
7151:is in
7119:Turoyo
7094:mḏīnto
7019:ʾālep̄
6991:mḏīntā
6985:mḏīttā
6963:ܡܛܠܩܢܐ
6777:ribbūi
6725:ܒܓܕܟܦܬ
6377:Notes
6335:, all
6329:, and
6256:: to
6204:Geresh
6098:ʾālep̄
6025:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6006:
5969:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5945:Hē-Yōḏ
5933:ʾĀlep̄
5858:ʾĀlep̄
5838:
5828:
5799:final
5793:final
5778:final
5772:final
5713:
5710:
5700:
5697:
5671:
5654:
5635:
5632:
5622:
5619:
5593:
5576:
5557:
5554:
5544:
5541:
5515:
5498:
5472:
5455:
5423:
5406:
5401:Semkaṯ
5329:
5312:
5286:
5269:
5192:
5175:
5149:
5132:
5106:
5089:
5070:
5067:
5057:
5054:
5035:
5032:
5022:
5019:
5000:
4997:
4987:
4984:
4965:
4962:
4952:
4949:
4923:
4906:
4880:
4863:
4837:
4827:
4824:
4819:ʾĀlep̄
4802:final
4796:final
4781:final
4775:final
4697:soft:
4688:hard:
4669:(also
4661:soft:
4652:hard:
4557:(also
4364:(also
4256:(also
4164:soft:
4155:hard:
4120:(also
4112:soft:
4103:hard:
3891:Semkaṯ
3569:soft:
3560:hard:
3541:(also
3533:soft:
3524:hard:
3413:(also
3295:(also
3155:(also
2936:(also
2732:soft:
2723:hard:
2696:(also
2688:soft:
2679:hard:
2594:soft:
2585:hard:
2550:(also
2542:soft:
2533:hard:
2442:soft:
2433:hard:
2406:(also
2398:soft:
2389:hard:
2243:ʾĀlep̄
2169:Hebrew
2156:Value
2137:semkaṯ
2089:ʾālep̄
2076:, and
1964:Gothic
1958:Coptic
1952:Lycian
1918:Fraser
1826:Syriac
1810:Arabic
1764:Hebrew
1691:Brahmi
1637:Thaana
1631:Hangul
1468:ܥܨܳܨܳܐ
1348:Zqāp̄ā
1272:Vowels
1243:ܣܶܪܛܳܐ
1172:niqqud
1162:ʾăsāqā
1091:ܪܘܵܚܵܐ
942:zqāp̄ā
882:Vowels
798:lunate
560:ܓܪܫܘܢܝ
537:Arabic
503:Turoyo
492:Hebrew
486:) and
478:ܙܵܘܥܵܐ
428:Arabic
424:Hebrew
408:abjads
346:
307:Syriac
288:Syriac
264:
257:
250:
116:Arabic
108:Turoyo
14341:Syria
14324:Urmia
14312:Zakho
13247:(GS8)
13238:Kanji
13096:Khmer
13074:Greek
13005:Tamil
12938:i.e.
12899:i.e.
12880:Tatar
12826:i.e.
12727:Welsh
12628:Māori
12585:Irish
12503:Dutch
12496:Czech
12306:Nüshu
12174:Bamum
12169:Afaka
11976:Other
11967:Roman
11952:Abjad
11875:Bagam
11776:Bowen
11761:Kanji
11756:Hanja
11744:small
11739:large
11646:Olmec
11616:Kaidā
11606:Emoji
11586:Aztec
11389:Runic
11364:Osage
11345:Oirat
11290:Ogham
11223:Sigla
11168:Latin
11123:Greek
11007:Early
10977:Cirth
10930:Adlam
10799:Geʽez
10794:Fox I
10658:Tamil
10517:Lanna
10500:Khmer
10490:Karen
10440:Buhid
10420:Batak
10377:Uchen
10367:Takri
10318:Limbu
10218:Laṇḍā
10203:Khema
10183:Gupta
10173:Dogri
10090:Serṭā
10063:Zabur
10048:Punic
10021:Pegon
9957:Rashi
9871:Types
9822:Lists
9786:Types
8782:Lāmaḏ
8776:syāmē
8770:Serṭā
8737:Dālaṯ
8686:ܐܳܠܰܦ
8681:ʾOlaf
8637:Also
8625:Notes
8569:Abjad
8072:Notes
7914:Notes
7521:schwa
7447:Ninwĕ
7288:Latin
7123:ܡܳܪܝ̱
7088:mḏīto
7043:lāmaḏ
6970:term
6968:Latin
6924:syāmē
6903:syāmē
6885:syāmē
6873:syāmē
6864:syāmē
6852:bāttē
6840:baytā
6834:syāmē
6828:ܡܠܟ̈ܐ
6813:syāmē
6807:ܡܠܟ̈ܐ
6771:ܣܝ̈ܡܐ
6765:syāmē
6752:Syāmē
6365:Name
6356:Stop
6353:Name
6314:dālaṯ
6308:gāmal
6296:ܪܘܟܟܐ
6284:ܩܘܫܝܐ
6214:gāmal
6187:tilde
6082:China
5852:Lāmaḏ
5736:name
5264:Lāmaḏ
4944:Dālaṯ
4901:Gāmal
4747:name
4729:ت / ث
4703:]
4699:[
4694:]
4690:[
4599:س / ش
4573:]
4569:[
4473:]
4469:[
4380:]
4376:[
4280:]
4276:[
4170:]
4166:[
4161:]
4157:[
4026:]
4022:[
3939:]
3935:[
3848:]
3844:[
3757:]
3753:[
3666:]
3662:[
3618:Lāmaḏ
3575:]
3571:[
3566:]
3562:[
3447:]
3443:[
3439:]
3435:[
3430:]
3426:[
3319:]
3315:[
3211:]
3207:[
3203:]
3199:[
3195:]
3191:[
3071:]
3067:[
2978:]
2974:[
2970:]
2966:[
2961:]
2957:[
2831:]
2827:[
2764:د / ذ
2738:]
2734:[
2729:]
2725:[
2644:Dālaṯ
2600:]
2596:[
2591:]
2587:[
2499:Gāmal
2456:]
2452:[
2448:]
2444:[
2439:]
2435:[
2312:]
2308:[
2304:or ∅
2302:]
2298:[
2208:Serṭā
2182:Name
2095:dālaṯ
2084:below
1944:Ogham
1938:Runic
1930:Osage
1894:Latin
1882:Greek
1724:Khmer
1648:Adlam
1618:below
1596:Geʽez
1530:32nd
1481:omega
1473:ʿṣāṣā
1426:Ḥḇāṣā
1393:Rḇāṣā
1311:pṯāḥā
1288:alpha
1248:Pšīṭā
1238:Serṭo
1232:Serṭā
1222:Serṭā
1201:Serṭā
1191:schwa
1125:ḥḇāṣā
1096:rwāḥā
1055:rḇāṣā
911:pṯāḥā
745:Greek
716:Jesus
712:ʾĪšōʿ
708:Yəšūʿ
638:Serṭā
598:Serṭā
520:Serṭā
511:Suret
483:zāwˁā
473:nuqzā
463:ātūtā
334:(IPA)
244:(135)
57:abjad
14319:Iran
14270:Iraq
14066:1552
13019:Urdu
12984:Odia
12925:Urdu
12301:Loma
12296:Lisu
12239:Kana
12229:Iban
12219:Geba
12179:Bété
12134:si5s
12044:Khom
12017:Full
11890:Maya
11285:N'Ko
10844:Miao
10789:Dham
10708:Ogan
10678:Thai
10596:Shan
10532:Leke
10495:Kawi
10450:Cham
10435:Buda
10410:Ahom
10330:Odia
10243:Modi
9999:Book
9698:400
9377:The
9253:ISBN
9235:ISBN
9217:ISBN
9202:ISBN
9153:ISBN
9135:ISBN
9117:ISBN
9089:ISBN
8948:ISBN
8911:ISBN
8868:2023
8839:ISBN
8818:2012
8115:HHHH
8111:DDDD
8103:Note
7568:and
6912:and
6858:ܒ̈ܬܐ
6846:ܒܝܬܐ
6819:malk
6798:malk
6792:ܡܠܟܐ
6783:malk
6650:or
6428:or
6374:IPA
6362:IPA
6320:kāp̄
6266:and
6240:zayn
6227:kāp̄
6161:and
6132:and
6074:Adam
6042:and
5986:and
5930:and
5855:and
5571:Qōp̄
5536:Ṣāḏē
5213:Kāp̄
5049:Zayn
4707:400
4577:300
4477:200
4384:100
4323:Qōp̄
4214:Ṣāḏē
3883:ܣܡܟܬ
3490:Kāp̄
3022:Zayn
2128:and
2119:ṣāḏē
2113:zayn
2067:kāp̄
2041:1970
2019:1372
1972:405
1932:2006
1926:1978
1920:1915
1914:1888
1902:1854
1864:1204
1818:1949
1816:N'Ko
1772:2007
1754:1840
1740:1269
1712:Cham
1650:1989
1633:1443
1616:see
1534:BCE
635:and
607:and
494:and
430:and
380:The
241:Syrc
14062:410
12578:IPA
12326:Vai
12234:Idu
11802:Sui
11275:Mru
11245:Luo
11208:IPA
10889:Rma
10586:Pyu
10527:Lao
10382:Umê
9788:of
9695:300
9692:200
9689:100
9340:on
9281:at
9272:at
9053:doi
8743:Rēš
8740:or
8711:/ʕ/
8678:or
7696:SAM
7543:, .
7511:Bēṯ
7478:ṭla
7128:mor
7114:mār
7109:ܡܪܝ
7097:).
7067:rēš
7064:or
7055:nūn
7049:mīm
7037:yōḏ
7031:waw
7013:taw
7003:nūn
6915:nūn
6909:yōḏ
6891:rēš
6879:rēš
6734:).
6332:taw
6302:bēṯ
6253:šīn
6207:):
6141:yōḏ
6115:waw
6045:Yōḏ
6039:Taw
5989:Yōḏ
5927:Taw
5692:Taw
5649:Šīn
5614:Rēš
5350:Nūn
5307:Mīm
5170:Yōḏ
5127:Ṭēṯ
5084:Ḥēṯ
5014:Waw
4858:Bēṯ
4677:or
4617:Taw
4516:Šīn
4508:ܫܝܢ
4424:Rēš
4416:ܪܝܫ
4315:ܩܘܦ
4300:צ ץ
4284:90
4264:or
4206:ܨܕܐ
4190:פ ף
4174:80
4144:or
4030:70
3943:60
3868:נ ן
3852:50
3800:Nūn
3792:ܢܘܢ
3777:מ ם
3761:40
3709:Mīm
3701:ܡܝܡ
3670:30
3610:ܠܡܕ
3595:כ ך
3579:20
3549:or
3451:10
3441:or
3362:Yōḏ
3354:ܝܘܕ
3303:or
3254:Ṭēṯ
3246:ܛܝܬ
3205:or
3179:or
3114:Ḥēṯ
3106:ܚܝܬ
3014:ܙܝܢ
2972:or
2944:or
2927:or
2875:Waw
2712:or
2636:ܕܠܬ
2574:or
2491:ܓܡܠ
2450:or
2422:or
2355:Bēṯ
2347:ܒܝܬ
2235:ܐܠܦ
2226:IPA
2131:taw
2125:rēš
2107:waw
2079:nūn
2073:mīm
2002:862
1726:611
1497:ܐܘّ
1462:or
1407:eta
1378:or
1337:or
1333:or
1300:or
1235:or
1151:or
1145:yōḏ
1114:or
1108:yōḏ
1089:or
1075:or
1068:waw
1048:or
1034:or
1028:waw
1009:or
972:or
958:or
931:or
927:or
900:or
860:),
803:mem
792:ḥeṯ
710:or
668:'s
551:or
130:),
122:),
114:),
14645::
12336:Yi
9686:90
9683:80
9680:70
9677:60
9674:50
9671:40
9668:30
9665:20
9662:10
9047:.
9021:.
8870:.
8809:.
8746:,
8705:ʿĒ
8287:ܡܡ
8280:ܢܢ
8229:ܟܟ
8105::
8084:2.
8076:1.
8018:F
7926:2.
7918:1.
7642:F
7424:Z
7366:O
7351:J
7334:F
7313:D
7290::
7260:V
7249:T
7241:S
7226:N
7211:I
7196:E
7193:D
7061:ʿē
7058:,
7052:,
7046:,
7040:,
7034:,
7028:,
7025:hē
7022:,
7006:,
6935:);
6897:ܪ̈
6742:,
6695:ܬ݂
6671:ܬ݁
6655:Pē
6646:p̄
6637:ܦ̮
6627:ܦ݂
6603:ܦ݁
6575:ܟ݂
6551:ܟ݁
6522:ܕ݂
6498:ܕ݁
6469:ܓ݂
6445:ܓ݁
6415:ܒ݂
6391:ܒ݁
6326:pē
6323:,
6317:,
6311:,
6305:,
6165:.
6080:,
6031:ܬܝ
5983:Hē
5975:ܗܝ
5919:ܬܐ
5889:/
5844:ܠܐ
5493:Pē
5450:ʿĒ
5431:/
4979:Hē
4717:𐡕
4711:𐤕
4685:)
4673:th
4621:*
4609:ܬܘ
4587:𐡔
4581:𐤔
4565:)
4561:sh
4487:𐡓
4481:𐤓
4428:*
4394:𐡒
4388:𐤒
4372:)
4294:𐡑
4288:𐤑
4278:sˤ
4272:)
4218:*
4184:𐡐
4178:𐤐
4152:)
4140:ph
4136:,
4128:,
4124:p̱
4116:p̄
4069:Pē
4061:ܦܐ
4040:𐡏
4034:𐤏
3978:ʿĒ
3970:ܥܐ
3953:𐡎
3947:𐤎
3862:𐡍
3856:𐤍
3829:ܢܢ
3771:𐡌
3765:𐤌
3738:ܡܡ
3680:𐡋
3674:𐤋
3589:𐡊
3583:𐤊
3557:)
3545:kh
3519:ܟܟ
3482:ܟܦ
3461:𐡉
3455:𐤉
3421:)
3333:𐡈
3327:𐤈
3323:9
3317:tˤ
3311:)
3225:𐡇
3219:𐤇
3215:8
3197:,
3187:)
3171:,
3167:kh
3163:,
3085:𐡆
3079:𐤆
3075:7
3026:*
2992:𐡅
2986:𐤅
2982:6
2952:)
2879:*
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