22:
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1017:(2003) is a political satire written as a series of letters between persons in high levels of the Mexican government in 2020. The epistolary format is treated by the author as a consequence of necessity: the United States impedes all telecommunications in Mexico as a retaliatory measure, leaving letters and smoke signals as the only possible methods of communication, particularly ironic given one character's observation that "Mexican politicians put nothing in writing."
143:
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437:(1818). Shelley uses the letters as one of a variety of framing devices, as the story is presented through the letters of a sea captain and scientific explorer attempting to reach the north pole who encounters Victor Frankenstein and records the dying man's narrative and confessions. Published in 1848,
675:
uses a collection of various documents to construct a detective novel in
English. In the second piece, a character explains that he is writing his portion because another had observed to him that the events surrounding the disappearance of the eponymous diamond might reflect poorly on the family, if
239:
though its authorship remains disputed in the 21st century. The novel shows the genre's results of changing perspectives: individual points were presented by the individual characters, and the central voice of the author and moral evaluation disappeared (at least in the first volume; further volumes
498:
is the dramatic device of 'discrepant awareness': the simultaneous but separate correspondences of the heroines and the villains creating dramatic tension. They can also be classified according to their type and quantity of use of non-letter documents, though this has obvious correlations with the
160:
There are two theories on the genesis of the epistolary novel: The first claims that the genre is originated from novels with inserted letters, in which the portion containing the third-person narrative in between the letters was gradually reduced. The other theory claims that the epistolary novel
781:(1964) is a similar exercise, exploring theological questions through correspondence addressed to a fictional recipient, "Malcolm", though this work may be considered a "novel" only loosely in that developments in Malcolm's personal life gradually come to light and impact the discussion.
180:, belongs to a tradition of novels in which a large number of inserted letters already dominated the narrative. Other well-known examples of early epistolary novels are closely related to the tradition of letter-books and miscellanies of letters. Within the successive editions of
609:
rivals (and ex-lovers) who use seduction as a weapon to socially control and exploit others, all the while enjoying their cruel games and boasting about their talent for manipulation (also seen as depicting the corruption and depravity of the
991:(2001) tells the story of a lifelong friendship between Jillian Lawton and Lesley Adamski from the 1950s to the early 2000s, using a combination of letters (later becoming emails) and daily paraphernalia like a gas station receipt.
676:
misunderstood, and therefore he was collecting the true story. This is an unusual element, as most epistolary novels present the documents without questions about how they were gathered. He also used the form previously in
58:
clippings, and sometimes considered to include novels composed of documents even if they do not include letters at all. More recently, epistolaries may include electronic documents such as recordings and radio,
859:, 1985, ends with an epilogue consisting of the minutes from the meeting of a historical society in the future discussing the text of the novel, revealed to have been recently transcribed from a series of
909:
setting from the first-person perspectives of cousins Kate and
Cecelia, who recount their adventures in magic and polite society. Unusually for modern fiction, it is written using the style of the letter
465:
Epistolary novels can be categorized based on the number of people whose letters are included. This gives three types of epistolary novels: monophonic (giving the letters of only one character, like
240:
introduced a narrator). The author furthermore explored a realm of intrigue with complex scenarios such as letters that fall into the wrong hands, faked letters, or letters withheld by protagonists.
1007:
epistolary novel – the letters become increasingly more difficult to read as the lipogrammatic constraints are brought in, and this requires the reader to attempt to interpret what is being written.
165:
of letters and poetry: some of the letters were tied together into a (mostly amorous) plot. There is evidence to support both claims. The first truly epistolary novel, the
Spanish "Prison of Love" (
192:) (1669), a group of letters written to a girl named Babet were expanded and became more and more distinct from the other letters, until it formed a small epistolary novel entitled
1155:
is one of a series of books written by Adrian Plass, this one consisting entirely of diary entries. Another consists of transcripts of tapes, yet another consists of letters.
447:
is framed as a retrospective letter from one of the main heroes to his friend and brother-in-law with the diary of the eponymous tenant inside it. In the late 19th century,
829:(1959, 1966) takes the form of a series of lab progress reports written by the main character as his treatment progresses, with his writing style changing correspondingly.
218:
as the author, is claimed to be intended to be part of a miscellany of
Guilleragues prose and poetry. The founder of the epistolary novel in English is said by many to be
817:(1966) is an example of the epistolary form, half of which consists of letters from Rodrigues, the other half either in the third person or in letters from other persons.
805:(1964) is largely written in letter format. These are both real and imagined letters, written by the protagonist Moses Herzog to family members, friends, and celebrities.
1054:
tells a story in several time periods in a nested format, with some sections told in epistolary style, including an interview, journal entries and a series of letters.
50:
between the fictional characters of a narrative. The term is often extended to cover novels that intersperse documents of other kinds with the letters, most commonly
299:(1782), which used the epistolary form to great dramatic effect, because the sequence of events was not always related directly or explicitly. In Germany, there was
499:
number of voices – for example, newspaper clippings are unlikely to feature heavily in a monophonic epistolary and considerably more likely in a polyphonic one.
1403:
457:. Printed in 1897, the novel is compiled entirely of letters, diary entries, newspaper clippings, telegrams, doctor's notes, ship's logs, and the like.
211:
1041:
is composed of online posts, reviews and email correspondence. Each contributes to a central mystery, fuelled by competing narratives about an escort.
879:(1982). The 1985 film adaptation echoes the form by incorporating into the script some of the novel's letters, which the actors deliver as monologues.
1118:
968:(2000) is written as a series of found footage film transcripts, essays, fictitious footnotes, and letters spread over several layers of metafiction.
759:(1938) is an anti-Nazi novel in which the final letter is returned marked "Address Unknown", indicating the disappearance of the German character.
364:. In it, the female narrator can be found wielding a pen and scribbling her diary entries under the most dramatic and unlikely of circumstances.
427:, two women who became friends during their education at a convent correspond over a 17-year period, exchanging letters describing their lives.
231:
152:
2219:
663:(1846), as a series of letters between two friends, struggling to cope with their impoverished circumstances and life in Imperial-era Russia.
134:. An important strategic device in the epistolary novel for creating the impression of authenticity of the letters is the fictional editor.
130:
within the lives of the characters. It is in particular able to demonstrate differing points of view without recourse to the device of an
1238:
918:
1122:(2008), by Mary Ann Shaffer and Annie Barrows, is written as a series of letters and telegraphs sent and received by the protagonist.
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89:
692:(1874) is written in three sections, the first and third being a series of letters, the middle part narrated by an unknown observer.
2548:
1458:
21:
2231:
978:
777:
374:, subtitled "Letters from a Chinese Philosopher Residing in London to his Friends in the East" (1760–61). So did the diarist
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The epistolary form nonetheless saw continued use, surviving in exceptions or in fragments in nineteenth-century novels. In
423:
1560:
1085:
1066:, is a novel depicting the events of the protagonist's experiences during the American Civil War in 1862 through letters.
1134:
has parts which are epistolary in nature. One chapter is written as a report of a celebrity interview, and another as a
1029:(2003) is a monologic epistolary novel written as a series of letters from Eva, Kevin's mother, to her husband Franklin.
847:(1974) is written in an epistolary structure through newspaper clippings, magazine articles, letters, and book excerpts.
281:
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606:
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269:(1748) is written as a series of letters from the titular character to an unnamed recipient. In France, there was
948:
1480:
944:
is written in a series of letters, telegrams, therapy transcripts, newspaper clippings, and baseball box scores.
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Starting in the 18th century, the epistolary form was subject to much ridicule, resulting in a number of savage
1207:
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1955:
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2097:
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1094:, is a series of letters, e-mails, interview transcripts, newspaper articles and other non-narrative media.
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305:
235:. This work was published anonymously in three volumes (1684, 1685, and 1687), and has been attributed to
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1021:
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1171:, is told exclusively through a series of classified documents, censored emails, interviews, and others.
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Die
Erfindung des Anderen: Zur Genese des fiktionalen Herausgebers im Briefroman des 18. Jahrhunderts
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889:(1988) is an epistolary novel consisting of the heroine's letters and transcribed audio recordings.
835:(1969, 1970) by Lawrence Sanders is a novel primarily consisting of transcripts of tape recordings.
589:
561:
1740, a bestselling early epistolary novel which prompted artistic interest in the epistolary form.
370:
295:
243:
The epistolary novel as a genre became popular in the 18th century in the works of such authors as
31:
2656:
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2119:
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released one of the most widely recognized and successful novels in the epistolary form to date,
1110:
in 2008, is a novel in the form of letters written by an Indian villager to the
Chinese Premier
901:
813:
414:
contains an unusual number of letters quoted in full and some play a critical role in the plot.
319:
2730:
2629:
2619:
2355:
2169:
1313:
Die Geburt des Autors aus dem Geist der
Herausgeberfiktion. Editoriale Rahmung im Roman um 1800
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481:(1757), and polyphonic (with three or more letter-writing characters, such as in Bram Stoker's
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347:
314:
2639:
2464:
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2439:
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618:). The book is composed entirely of letters written by the various characters to each other.
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400:(1794), she abandoned this structure for her later work. It is thought that her lost novel
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793:(1948) consists of letters and documents illuminating the last days of the Roman Republic.
8:
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Erzählprobleme des
Briefromans, dargestellt an vier Beispielen des 18. Jahrhunderts.
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in the form of letters from an anonymous character to a secret role model of sorts.
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365:
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1816:
775:'s point of view – though he never did so. It is less generally realized that his
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1404:"Treasures of the Library: The History of Emily Montague by Frances Brooke, 1769"
1197:
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The epistolary novel form has continued to be used after the eighteenth century.
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2102:
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1600:
1368:
Orr, Leah (January 2013). "Attribution
Problems in the Fiction of Aphra Behn".
1202:
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932:
is a novel written in the form of twenty letters that can be read in any order.
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Sincerely Yours: An
Analysis of the Nature and Strengths of Epistolary Fiction
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The epistolary novel slowly became less popular after 18th century. Although
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Perhaps first work to fully utilize the potential of an epistolary novel was
25:
Young Werther writes a letter after deciding upon his suicide, the climax of
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226:(1645–50), who writes of prison, foreign adventure, and the love of women.
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1239:"11 Epistolary Novels That'll Make You Miss The Days of Letter Writing"
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922:(1991) uses only documents, letters, and conversation transcripts.
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L'art de la lettre amoureuse: des manuels aux romans (1550–1700).
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Addressing the Letter: Italian Women Writers' Epistolary Fiction
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2057:
1964:
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2002:
1987:
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704:(1897) uses not only letters and diaries, but also dictation
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1538:
1457:(Honors (Bachelor's)). Oxford, Mississippi: Honors College (
473:), dialogic (giving the letters of two characters, like Mme
2491:
2286:
1647:
1502:"100 Must-Read Epistolary Novels from the Past and Present"
60:
771:(1942), and considered writing a companion novel from an
1478:
1078:, is a series of interviews from various survivors of a
490:
A crucial element in polyphonic epistolary novels like
1179:
1071:
World War Z: An Oral History of the Zombie War
333:, and twenty years later the first American novel,
391:tried the epistolary in juvenile writings and her
212:Gabriel-Joseph de La Vergne, comte de Guilleragues
122:The epistolary form can be seen as adding greater
1479:Ashworth, Jenn; Richard V. Hirst (14 June 2017).
1474:
1472:
1356:Lettres portugaises, Valentins et autres oeuvres.
1119:The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society
2847:
657:used the epistolary format for his first novel,
632:, Spanish author, poet, playwright and essayist.
1469:
232:Love-Letters Between a Nobleman and His Sister
153:Love-Letters Between a Nobleman and His Sister
1554:
527:(1740), a bestselling early epistolary novel
1424:
905:(1988) is an epistolary fantasy novel in a
190:Lettres de respect, d'obligation et d'amour
1561:
1547:
1262:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1143:The Sacred Diary of Adrian Plass Aged 37
431:employs the epistolary form in her novel
1459:Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College
1232:
1230:
1228:
512:
350:. The most notable example of these was
343:, were both written in epistolary form.
141:
20:
1406:. Ottawa, Canada: Library of Parliament
1282:
1260:Epistolary Fiction in Europe, 1500–1850
972:
247:, with his immensely successful novels
214:, though a small minority still regard
2848:
2232:Types of fiction with multiple endings
1499:
1450:
1361:
1257:
1236:
979:List of contemporary epistolary novels
186:Letters of Respect, Gratitude and Love
1542:
1225:
778:Letters to Malcolm: Chiefly on Prayer
648:
534:
368:used the form to satirical effect in
126:to a story, due to the text existing
1425:Piepenbring, Dan (21 January 2015).
716:
517:Title page of the second edition of
16:Novel written as a series of letters
1451:Taylor, Elizabeth Anne (May 2009).
1367:
378:in a successful comic first novel,
13:
14:
2877:
2635:Third-person omniscient narrative
1512:
1481:"Top 10 Modern Epistolary Novels"
210:) (1669) generally attributed to
1500:Doogan, Jesse (24 August 2016).
1237:Miller, E. Ce (2 October 2017).
1182:
873:employed the epistolary form in
502:
404:, which was redrafted to become
1493:
1444:
1418:
1382:10.5699/modelangrevi.108.1.0030
1287:. University of Toronto Press.
949:The Perks of Being a Wallflower
360:(1741), written as a parody of
105:is also sometimes known by the
2023:Conflict between good and evil
1396:
1344:
1331:
1318:
1301:
1276:
1251:
1208:Found footage (film technique)
137:
1:
1568:
1218:
765:used the epistolary form for
326:The History of Emily Montague
311:Die Leiden des jungen Werther
282:Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse
170:
1521:'s 15 March 2007 edition of
1311:. Würzburg, 2008; U. Wirth.
1283:Salsini, Laura Anne (2010).
578:The Sorrows of Young Werther
471:The Sorrows of Young Werther
410:, may have been epistolary:
323:. The first Canadian novel,
306:The Sorrows of Young Werther
83:
7:
1175:
1127:A Visit from the Goon Squad
1087:Salmon Fishing in the Yemen
1022:We Need to Talk About Kevin
554:Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded
524:Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded
467:Letters of a Portuguese Nun
444:The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
203:Letters of a Portuguese Nun
150:'s early epistolary novel,
94:
10:
2882:
1427:"The First American Novel"
1370:The Modern Language Review
1258:Beebee, Thomas O. (1999).
1013:("The Eagle's Throne") by
1003:(2001) is a progressively
976:
926:Last Words from Montmartre
744:Diary of a Provincial Lady
595:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
593:is a 1782 French novel by
566:Julie; or, The New Heloise
506:
301:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
88:
2698:
2670:
2662:Stream of unconsciousness
2605:
2349:
2240:
2193:Falling action/Catastasis
2138:
2043:
1978:
1901:
1713:
1576:
1463:University of Mississippi
823:'s short story and novel
732:The Documents in the Case
685:Spanish foreign minister
569:, an epistolary novel by
509:List of fictional diaries
2030:Self-fulfilling prophecy
590:Les Liaisons dangereuses
460:
371:The Citizen of the World
296:Les Liaisons dangereuses
200:). The immensely famous
32:Sorrows of Young Werther
2657:Stream of consciousness
2120:Suspension of disbelief
1529:"Epistolary Literature"
863:recordings made by the
479:Letters of Fanni Butler
46:written as a series of
2198:Denouement/Catastrophe
2179:Rising action/Epitasis
952:(1999) was written by
583:Johann Wolfgang Goethe
528:
475:Marie Jeanne Riccoboni
263:'s early erotic novel
157:
35:
2544:Utopian and dystopian
1106:, winner of the 40th
919:Nothing but the Truth
916:'s young-adult novel
768:The Screwtape Letters
571:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
516:
424:Letters of Two Brides
336:The Power of Sympathy
287:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
145:
115:or more generally as
24:
2098:Narrative techniques
1878:Story within a story
1690:Supporting character
973:Twenty-first century
826:Flowers for Algernon
601:de Merteuil and the
573:, published in 1761.
521:'s epistolary novel
93:), meaning a letter
2803:Political narrative
2645:Unreliable narrator
2502:Speculative fiction
2210:Nonlinear narrative
2158:Three-act structure
2018:Deal with the Devil
1341:La Haye/Paris, 1967
1011:La silla del águila
966:Mark Z. Danielewski
937:Last Days of Summer
902:Sorcery and Cecelia
856:The Handmaid's Tale
628:), a 1789 novel by
614:shortly before the
581:is a 1774 novel by
412:Pride and Prejudice
407:Pride and Prejudice
315:Friedrich Hölderlin
291:Choderlos de Laclos
216:Marianna Alcoforado
208:Lettres portugaises
132:omniscient narrator
2781:Narrative paradigm
2776:Narrative identity
2706:Dominant narrative
2652:Multiple narrators
1936:Fictional location
1779:Dramatic structure
897:Caroline Stevermer
833:The Anderson Tapes
679:The Woman in White
649:Nineteenth century
545:, a 1721 novel by
535:Eighteenth century
529:
496:Dangerous Liaisons
341:William Hill Brown
224:"Familiar Letters"
178:Diego de San Pedro
158:
117:epistolary fiction
36:
2856:Epistolary novels
2843:
2842:
2786:Narrative therapy
2220:television series
2165:Freytag's Pyramid
2008:Moral development
1911:Alternate history
1621:False protagonist
1213:Letter collection
1080:zombie apocalypse
723:Dorothy L. Sayers
717:Twentieth century
655:Fyodor Dostoevsky
641:Aline and Valcour
616:French Revolution
559:Samuel Richardson
519:Samuel Richardson
402:First Impressions
245:Samuel Richardson
222:(1594–1666) with
2873:
2766:Literary science
2309:Narrative poetry
2205:Linear narrative
2115:Stylistic device
2110:Show, don't tell
2073:Figure of speech
1863:Shaggy dog story
1606:Characterization
1563:
1556:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1506:
1505:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1476:
1467:
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1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1431:The Paris Review
1422:
1416:
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1411:
1400:
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1255:
1249:
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1234:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1108:Man Booker Prize
1064:Geraldine Brooks
876:The Color Purple
626:Moroccan Letters
622:Cartas marruecas
605:de Valmont, two
542:Lettres persanes
419:Honoré de Balzac
366:Oliver Goldsmith
272:Lettres persanes
194:Letters to Babet
175:
172:
100:
92:
86:
73:is derived from
40:epistolary novel
2881:
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2876:
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2874:
2872:
2871:
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2861:Literary genres
2846:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2771:Literary theory
2711:Fiction writing
2694:
2666:
2601:
2353:
2345:
2236:
2134:
2039:
1974:
1897:
1768:Deus ex machina
1709:
1695:Title character
1680:Stock character
1626:Focal character
1572:
1567:
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1498:
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1477:
1470:
1449:
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1349:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1315:. Munich, 2008.
1306:
1302:
1295:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1256:
1252:
1235:
1226:
1221:
1198:Epistolary poem
1188:
1181:
1178:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1099:The White Tiger
1044:The 2004 novel
1000:Ella Minnow Pea
989:Debbie Macomber
985:Between Friends
981:
975:
961:House of Leaves
954:Stephen Chbosky
851:Margaret Atwood
787:'s fifth novel
785:Thornton Wilder
756:Address Unknown
751:Kathrine Taylor
719:
651:
636:Marquis de Sade
612:French nobility
537:
511:
505:
463:
198:Lettres à Babet
173:
140:
101:. This type of
17:
12:
11:
5:
2879:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2835:Verisimilitude
2832:
2827:
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2749:
2740:
2738:Parallel novel
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2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2380:Action fiction
2372:
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2361:
2359:
2347:
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2318:
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2201:
2200:
2195:
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2181:
2176:
2162:
2161:
2160:
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2144:
2142:
2136:
2135:
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2127:
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2107:
2106:
2105:
2095:
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2080:
2075:
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2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1943:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1858:Self-insertion
1855:
1850:
1845:
1843:Poetic justice
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
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1749:
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1660:
1655:
1645:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1601:Character flaw
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1514:
1513:External links
1511:
1508:
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1417:
1395:
1360:
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1210:
1205:
1203:Epistolography
1200:
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1177:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1156:
1139:
1123:
1115:
1095:
1083:
1067:
1055:
1052:David Mitchell
1042:
1030:
1027:Lionel Shriver
1018:
1015:Carlos Fuentes
1008:
992:
977:Main article:
974:
971:
970:
969:
957:
945:
933:
923:
911:
893:Patricia Wrede
890:
880:
868:
848:
836:
830:
818:
806:
794:
782:
760:
748:
739:E.M. Delafield
736:
727:Robert Eustace
718:
715:
714:
713:
693:
690:Pepita Jiménez
683:
673:Wilkie Collins
664:
650:
647:
646:
645:
633:
619:
586:
574:
562:
550:
536:
533:
504:
501:
462:
459:
352:Henry Fielding
331:Frances Brooke
279:, followed by
182:Edmé Boursault
167:Cárcel de amor
146:Title page of
139:
136:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2878:
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2859:
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2854:
2853:
2851:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:Screenwriting
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
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2779:
2777:
2774:
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2769:
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2669:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:Second-person
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2596:
2593:
2591:
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2571:
2569:
2566:
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2557:
2554:
2550:
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2540:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:Magic realism
2527:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2498:
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2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Psychological
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Philosophical
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
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2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
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2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:Autobiography
2363:
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2352:
2348:
2342:
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2329:
2327:
2324:
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2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2304:Narrative art
2302:
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2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2262:Flash fiction
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
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2218:
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2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:Act structure
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2100:
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2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
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2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1970:Worldbuilding
1968:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
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1932:
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1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1817:Kishōtenketsu
1814:
1812:
1811:
1810:In medias res
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Foreshadowing
1787:
1785:
1784:Eucatastrophe
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
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1747:Chekhov's gun
1745:
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1721:
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1643:
1639:
1637:
1636:Gothic double
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:Deuteragonist
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:Character arc
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
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1557:
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1314:
1310:
1304:
1296:
1294:9781442641655
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1269:9780521622752
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1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:Novels portal
1185:
1180:
1170:
1169:Amie Kaufmann
1166:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1140:
1138:presentation.
1137:
1133:
1132:Jennifer Egan
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:Aravind Adiga
1101:
1100:
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1068:
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1043:
1040:
1039:Dennis Cooper
1036:
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1005:lipogrammatic
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869:
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861:cassette tape
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831:
828:
827:
822:
819:
816:
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807:
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798:
795:
792:
791:
790:Ides of March
786:
783:
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779:
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758:
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749:
746:
745:
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733:
728:
724:
721:
720:
711:
707:
703:
702:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:Juan Valera's
684:
681:
680:
674:
670:
669:
668:The Moonstone
665:
662:
661:
656:
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560:
556:
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538:
532:
526:
525:
520:
515:
510:
503:Notable works
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468:
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316:
313:) (1774) and
312:
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113:
108:
104:
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91:
85:
80:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
57:
53:
52:diary entries
49:
45:
41:
34:
33:
28:
23:
19:
2825:Storytelling
2640:Subjectivity
2630:Third-person
2620:First-person
2404:
2254:
2063:Comic relief
1815:
1808:
1799:Flashforward
1766:
1740:Origin story
1722:
1685:Straight man
1640:
1533:Melvyn Bragg
1531:. Hosted by
1522:
1504:. Book Riot.
1495:
1486:The Guardian
1484:
1453:
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1430:
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1398:
1376:(1): 40–51.
1373:
1369:
1363:
1355:
1352:Guilleragues
1346:
1338:
1333:
1325:
1324:E.Th. Voss.
1320:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1284:
1278:
1259:
1253:
1242:
1165:Jay Kristoff
1158:
1141:
1125:
1117:
1097:
1086:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1032:
1020:
1010:
998:
984:
959:
947:
942:Steve Kluger
935:
925:
917:
900:
886:
874:
871:Alice Walker
854:
842:
839:Stephen King
832:
824:
821:Daniel Keyes
812:
809:Shūsaku Endō
800:
788:
776:
766:
754:
742:
730:
699:
689:
677:
666:
658:
639:
630:José Cadalso
625:
621:
607:narcissistic
597:, about the
588:
576:
564:
552:
540:
530:
522:
495:
491:
489:
482:
478:
470:
466:
464:
452:
442:
434:Frankenstein
432:
429:Mary Shelley
422:
416:
411:
405:
401:
395:
386:
379:
376:Fanny Burney
369:
361:
355:
345:
334:
324:
318:
310:
304:
294:
280:
270:
264:
261:John Cleland
254:
248:
242:
230:
228:
220:James Howell
207:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
166:
163:miscellanies
159:
151:
128:diegetically
121:
116:
111:
110:
68:
39:
37:
30:
18:
2866:Narratology
2830:Tellability
2796:Metafiction
2791:Narratology
2563:Theological
2455:Pop culture
2336:Short story
2314:Epic poetry
2035:Time travel
1848:Red herring
1833:Plot device
1804:Frame story
1757:Cliffhanger
1700:Tritagonist
1675:Protagonist
1524:In Our Time
1519:BBC Radio 4
1436:29 February
1410:29 February
1358:Paris, 1962
1337:B.A. Bray.
1328:Bonn, 1960.
1307:A. Takeda.
1092:Paul Torday
1074:(2006), by
1062:(2005), by
1047:Cloud Atlas
930:Qiu Miaojin
883:John Updike
865:protagonist
797:Saul Bellow
763:C. S. Lewis
696:Bram Stoker
547:Montesquieu
449:Bram Stoker
439:Anne Brontë
389:Jane Austen
277:Montesquieu
253:(1740) and
174: 1485
161:arose from
138:Early works
67:. The word
63:posts, and
2850:Categories
2716:Continuity
2585:Nonfiction
2549:Underwater
2445:Picaresque
2420:Historical
2405:Epistolary
2277:Fairy tale
2188:Peripeteia
2170:Exposition
1926:Dreamworld
1868:Stereotype
1838:Plot twist
1586:Antagonist
1219:References
1136:PowerPoint
1130:(2010) by
1112:Wen Jiabao
1102:(2008) by
1090:(2007) by
1076:Max Brooks
1037:(2004) by
940:(1998) by
928:(1995) by
671:(1868) by
507:See also:
397:Lady Susan
348:burlesques
339:(1789) by
329:(1769) by
285:(1761) by
275:(1721) by
266:Fanny Hill
237:Aphra Behn
148:Aphra Behn
112:Briefroman
70:epistolary
2607:Narration
2556:Superhero
2480:Chivalric
2465:Religious
2450:Political
2385:Adventure
2370:Biography
2292:Tall tale
2140:Structure
2125:Symbolism
2093:Narration
1993:Leitmotif
1921:Crossover
1916:Backstory
1873:Story arc
1823:MacGuffin
1794:Flashback
1735:Backstory
1611:Confidant
1591:Archenemy
1578:Character
1570:Narrative
1489:. london.
1390:164127170
1160:Illuminae
1034:The Sluts
995:Mark Dunn
841:'s novel
811:'s novel
799:'s novel
712:accounts.
710:newspaper
706:cylinders
660:Poor Folk
441:'s novel
421:'s novel
77:from the
56:newspaper
2813:Glossary
2808:Rhetoric
2615:Diegesis
2595:Creative
2568:Thriller
2517:Southern
2435:Paranoid
2430:Nautical
2341:Vignette
2299:Gamebook
2267:Folklore
2174:Protasis
2053:Allegory
1998:Metaphor
1956:parallel
1951:universe
1931:Dystopia
1888:Suspense
1774:Dialogue
1762:Conflict
1670:Narrator
1642:Hamartia
1176:See also
599:Marquise
492:Clarissa
384:(1788).
320:Hyperion
259:(1749).
256:Clarissa
90:ἐπιστολή
84:epistolē
2743:Prequel
2699:Related
2685:Present
2578:Western
2534:Science
2507:Fantasy
2475:Romance
2425:Mystery
2410:Ergodic
2375:Fiction
2331:Parable
2326:Novella
2256:Fabliau
2227:Premise
2078:Imagery
2068:Diction
1946:country
1903:Setting
1883:Subplot
1705:Villain
1658:Byronic
1148:⁄
907:Regency
867:Offred.
814:Silence
747:(1930).
735:(1930).
701:Dracula
682:(1859).
644:(1795).
603:Vicomte
484:Dracula
454:Dracula
393:novella
381:Evelina
357:Shamela
124:realism
103:fiction
97:epistle
65:e-mails
48:letters
2747:Sequel
2731:Retcon
2726:Reboot
2690:Future
2524:Horror
2512:Gothic
2497:Satire
2415:Erotic
2282:Legend
2184:Climax
2058:Bathos
1965:Utopia
1853:Reveal
1752:Cliché
1730:Action
1724:Ab ovo
1663:Tragic
1388:
1350:G. de
1291:
1266:
1244:Bustle
844:Carrie
802:Herzog
362:Pamela
289:, and
250:Pamela
156:(1684)
107:German
27:Goethe
2754:Genre
2721:Canon
2672:Tense
2590:Novel
2573:Urban
2485:Prose
2470:Rogue
2395:Crime
2390:Comic
2351:Genre
2321:Novel
2272:Fable
2250:Drama
2215:films
2045:Style
2013:Motif
2003:Moral
1988:Irony
1980:Theme
1893:Trope
1386:S2CID
1163:, by
1059:March
910:game.
773:angel
557:, by
461:Types
176:) by
109:term
95:(see
81:word
79:Greek
75:Latin
44:novel
42:is a
2759:List
2680:Past
2539:Hard
2492:Saga
2400:Docu
2356:List
2287:Myth
2242:Form
2130:Tone
2103:Hook
2088:Mood
2083:Mode
1941:city
1828:Pace
1715:Plot
1653:Anti
1648:Hero
1631:Foil
1438:2020
1412:2020
1289:ISBN
1264:ISBN
1167:and
895:and
725:and
708:and
494:and
469:and
61:blog
54:and
2148:Act
1461:),
1378:doi
1374:108
1050:by
1025:by
997:'s
987:by
964:by
914:Avi
899:'s
885:'s
853:'s
753:'s
741:'s
729:'s
698:'s
638:'s
487:).
477:'s
354:'s
317:'s
303:'s
184:'s
169:) (
38:An
29:'s
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2745:/
1527:,
1483:.
1471:^
1429:.
1384:.
1372:.
1354:.
1241:.
1227:^
887:S.
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171:c.
119:.
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2354:(
2186:/
2172:/
1562:e
1555:t
1548:v
1535:.
1465:.
1440:.
1414:.
1392:.
1380::
1297:.
1272:.
1247:.
1150:4
1146:3
1114:.
1082:.
624:(
585:.
549:.
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188:(
99:)
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