186:
25:
113:
66:
270:
532:
but it cannot detect the presence of free conidia of this fungus or infected hosts. Because they cannot detect these parasites, either the host or the host's offspring become infected and/or die. In contrast, termites detect and avoid some lethal conidia strains. Other soil-dwelling insects have
519:. The signaling cues between these fungi and their host targets are under investigation. The ability to sense these parasites can increase fitness for the host targets. Evidence suggests that signal recognition occurs within some hosts, but not others. For example, the
665:
Vandenburg, J.D., Ramos, M. & Altre, J.A. (1998) Dose –response and age- and temperature-related susceptibility of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to two isolates of
Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes: Moniliaceae). Environmental Entomology, 27,
689:(Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) to Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes: Moniliales) as free conidia or infection in its host, the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Biological Control, 21, 300–304.
630:
Strasser H, Vey A, Butt TM (28 June 2010). "Are There any Risks in Using
Entomopathogenic Fungi for Pest Control, with Particular Reference to the Bioactive Metabolites of Metarhizium, Tolypocladium and Beauveria species?".
675:
Hughes, W.O.H., Petersen, K.S., Ugelvig, L.V., Pedersen, D., Thomsen, L., Poulsen, M. et al. (2004) Density-dependence and within-host competition in a semelparous parasite of leafcutting ants. BMC Evolutionary
Biology, 4,
717:
698:
Myles, T.G. (2002) Alarm, aggregation, and defense by
Reticulitermes flavipes in response to a naturally occurring isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae. Sociobiology, 40, 243–255.
173:
that can kill or seriously disable insects. They do not need to enter an insect's body through oral ingestion or intake; rather, they directly penetrate though the
87:
74:
730:, Hafiza Tahira Gul, Shafqat Saeed, Fawad Zafar Ahmad Khan, Applied Sciences and Business Economics, Volume 1, Issue 1, June, 2014.
38:
257:(spores) are formed in or on the insect if environmental conditions are again right. High humidity is usually required for
722:
152:
52:
245:). Then, the fungal cells proliferate in the host body cavity, usually as walled hyphae or in the form of wall-less
743:
583:"Variability in the production of extracellular enzymes by entomopathogenic fungi grown on different substrates"
711:
439:. The development of entomopathogens as pesticides depends on research into their host specificity, stability,
753:
455:
Most entomopathogenic fungi can be grown on artificial media. Some require complex media, while others, like
127:
44:
401:
Since they are considered natural mortality agents and environmentally safe, entomopathogenic fungi for
405:
of insects have been studied for more than 100 years. In particular, the asexual phases of
Ascomycota (
547:
748:
79:
249:(depending on the fungus involved). After some time the insect is usually killed (sometimes by
213:
These fungi usually attach to the external body surface of insects in the form of microscopic
524:
444:
440:
386:
238:
8:
126:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
648:
607:
582:
503:
457:
402:
306:
612:
234:
652:
598:
640:
602:
594:
365:
206:
431:
381:
280:
of various arthropod species. Here is a wasp parasitized by the fungus
Cordyceps.
644:
737:
556:
419:
376:
292:
group. Many common and/or important entomopathogenic fungi are in the order
728:
Entomopathogenic Fungi as
Effective Insect Pest Management Tactic: A Review
616:
542:
436:
289:
250:
435:
spp., and others) are under scrutiny due to traits favouring their use as
509:
463:
425:
328:
293:
258:
174:
533:
evolved the ability to detect and avoid certain entomopathogenic fungi.
727:
520:
467:, can be grown on starch-rich substrates such as rice or wheat grains.
369:
339:
322:
297:
277:
246:
218:
202:
489:
476:
407:
344:
254:
185:
493:
etc.) are reported as causing epizootics less frequently in nature.
580:
552:
515:
480:
390:
334:
301:
242:
226:
222:
225:). Under the right conditions of temperature and (usually high)
112:
65:
413:
312:
170:
513:
spp. successfully infect susceptible host populations through
581:
Fernandes EG, Valério HM, Feltrin T, Van Der Sand ST (2012).
285:
230:
214:
190:
269:
723:
288:
from several of the main fungal groups and do not form a
479:(outbreaks with many deaths) in nature. These fungi are
496:
735:
629:
475:Entomophthorales are often reported as causing
718:Services and History of the ARSEF Collection
16:Fungus that can act as a parasite of insects
574:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
606:
153:Learn how and when to remove this message
268:
184:
90:of all important aspects of the article.
712:Fungal control of insect and mite pests
685:Lord, J.C. (2001) Response of the wasp
736:
86:Please consider expanding the lead to
461:and exploitable species in the genus
375:Fungi may also attack and kill other
241:, reaching the insects' body cavity (
180:
237:; which they bore through by way of
106:
59:
18:
284:The entomopathogenic fungi include
13:
396:
229:, these spores germinate, grow as
14:
765:
705:
633:Biocontrol Science and Technology
34:This article has multiple issues.
714:, from the University of Warwick
111:
64:
23:
599:10.1590/S1517-83822012000200049
501:Entomopathogenic fungi such as
497:Host relationship chemical cues
78:may be too short to adequately
42:or discuss these issues on the
692:
679:
669:
659:
623:
88:provide an accessible overview
1:
567:
483:. The anamorphic Ascomycota (
450:
470:
7:
563:as a biological insecticide
536:
124:about the term's etymology.
10:
772:
233:and colonize the insect's
645:10.1080/09583150020011690
548:Entomopathogenic nematode
264:
197:, killed by the fungus
167:entomopathogenic fungus
744:Animal fungal diseases
364:) belong in the order
281:
210:
122:is missing information
687:Cephalonomia tarsalis
525:Cephalonomia tarsalis
389:) is used to control
272:
188:
754:Parasites of insects
387:Ophiocordycipitaceae
239:enzymatic hydrolysis
209:) Scale bar = 0.3 mm
559:for more on use of
221:spores also called
587:Braz. J. Microbiol
528:is susceptible to
504:Beauveria bassiana
458:Beauveria bassiana
403:biological control
282:
217:(usually asexual,
211:
199:Pandora neoaphidis
181:Typical life cycle
443:, and methods of
163:
162:
155:
145:
144:
105:
104:
57:
761:
699:
696:
690:
683:
677:
673:
667:
663:
657:
656:
627:
621:
620:
610:
578:
366:Entomophthorales
338:and the sexual (
207:Entomophthorales
158:
151:
140:
137:
131:
115:
107:
100:
97:
91:
68:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
771:
770:
764:
763:
762:
760:
759:
758:
734:
733:
708:
703:
702:
697:
693:
684:
680:
674:
670:
664:
660:
628:
624:
579:
575:
570:
539:
499:
473:
453:
432:Purpureocillium
399:
397:Pest management
382:Purpureocillium
379:: for example,
300:: the asexual (
267:
183:
159:
148:
147:
146:
141:
135:
132:
125:
116:
101:
95:
92:
85:
73:This article's
69:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
769:
768:
757:
756:
751:
749:Insect ecology
746:
732:
731:
725:
720:
715:
707:
706:External links
704:
701:
700:
691:
678:
668:
658:
639:(6): 717–735.
622:
572:
571:
569:
566:
565:
564:
550:
545:
538:
535:
498:
495:
472:
469:
452:
449:
398:
395:
266:
263:
195:Myzus persicae
182:
179:
161:
160:
143:
142:
119:
117:
110:
103:
102:
82:the key points
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
767:
766:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
739:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
713:
710:
709:
695:
688:
682:
672:
662:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
626:
618:
614:
609:
604:
600:
596:
593:(2): 827–33.
592:
588:
584:
577:
573:
562:
558:
557:Desert locust
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
534:
531:
527:
526:
522:
518:
517:
512:
511:
506:
505:
494:
492:
491:
486:
482:
478:
468:
466:
465:
460:
459:
448:
446:
442:
438:
437:biopesticides
434:
433:
428:
427:
422:
421:
420:Lecanicillium
416:
415:
410:
409:
404:
394:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
377:invertebrates
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
350:Entomophthora
347:
346:
341:
337:
336:
331:
330:
325:
324:
319:
315:
314:
309:
308:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
279:
275:
271:
262:
260:
256:
252:
251:fungal toxins
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
178:
176:
172:
168:
157:
154:
139:
136:November 2017
129:
123:
120:This article
118:
114:
109:
108:
99:
96:November 2017
89:
83:
81:
76:
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
694:
686:
681:
671:
661:
636:
632:
625:
590:
586:
576:
560:
543:Biopesticide
529:
523:
521:ectoparasite
514:
508:
502:
500:
488:
484:
474:
462:
456:
454:
430:
424:
418:
412:
406:
400:
380:
374:
361:
357:
353:
349:
343:
333:
327:
321:
318:Paecilomyces
317:
311:
305:
290:monophyletic
283:
273:
212:
198:
194:
189:Green peach
166:
164:
149:
133:
121:
93:
77:
75:lead section
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
561:Metarhizium
530:B. bassiana
510:Metarhizium
485:Metarhizium
464:Metarhizium
445:application
441:formulation
426:Metarhizium
362:Entomophaga
329:Metarhizium
294:Hypocreales
278:parasitoids
259:sporulation
253:), and new
247:protoplasts
175:exoskeleton
738:Categories
666:1017–1021.
568:References
477:epizootics
451:Production
370:Zygomycota
354:Zoophthora
348:; others (
340:teleomorph
323:Hirsutella
298:Ascomycota
276:fungi are
255:propagules
219:mitosporic
203:Zygomycota
39:improve it
490:Beauveria
471:Virulence
408:Beauveria
345:Cordyceps
307:Beauveria
304:) phases
274:Cordyceps
128:talk page
80:summarize
45:talk page
653:83558063
617:24031896
553:LUBILOSA
537:See also
481:virulent
391:nematode
342:) state
335:Nomuraea
302:anamorph
243:hemocoel
227:humidity
608:3768820
516:conidia
393:pests.
368:of the
358:Pandora
296:of the
235:cuticle
223:conidia
651:
615:
605:
429:spp.,
423:spp.,
417:spp.,
414:Isaria
411:spp.,
313:Isaria
265:Groups
231:hyphae
215:spores
171:fungus
649:S2CID
316:(was
191:aphid
169:is a
613:PMID
555:and
507:and
286:taxa
676:45.
641:doi
603:PMC
595:doi
320:),
165:An
740::
647:.
637:10
635:.
611:.
601:.
591:43
589:.
585:.
487:,
447:.
372:.
360:,
356:,
352:,
332:,
326:,
310:,
261:.
205::
193:,
177:.
48:.
655:.
643::
619:.
597::
385:(
201:(
156:)
150:(
138:)
134:(
130:.
98:)
94:(
84:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
