English-speaking Quebecers

2424: 2688: 2459: 2319:(Bill 101). This law made French the sole language of the civil service and of business in private workplaces with over 50 employees and established the right of all Quebeckers to work solely in French, now the sole official language of the province; it also favoured a demographic shift towards more francophones in Quebec by restricting access to English-language schools to children whose parents had attended Quebec English grade schools or high schools. The Charter is generally seen as emancipatory and a protector of culture and is immensely popular among Quebeckers. 38: 1100: 2673: 2731: 2700: 2339:

francophones in an expanding civil service limited the economic opportunities of especially young non-bilingual anglophones in Quebec leading them to search for work elsewhere. Young highly educated anglophones, despite high rates of bilingualism and increased contact and openness to francophones, cite limited economic prospects caused by linguistic discrimination and an unsatisfactory political climate as the major factors in their departure. By 2001, 50% of mother-tongue anglophones had left the province.

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those of English descent, a shamrock for the Irish, and a thistle for the Scottish. Current and former towns with sizeable Anglophone populations such as Sherbrooke, Lachine, Saint Michel, and Sainte-Cunégonde (now called Little Burgundy) also incorporated some or all of these same Anglophone symbols into their own respective arms. Subsequently, the beaver has usually been replaced by the fleur-de-lis to represent French-speakers.

1452: 1400:. Very few of these Loyalists were allowed to stay in the Eastern Townships and were in fact forced by the British to move from the lands that they were squatting on because the British desired to keep the Eastern Townships as an unpopulated buffer zone between the Canadians and the Americans. By the end of the 1790s, American homesteaders were allowed to come northward to settle lands across the border. 1471: 1089: 2663:) suggesting that Quebec's Anglophone population should adopt its own flag. The article noted that Francophone minority populations outside Quebec in the rest of Canada all had their own unique cultural identity flags and that the English-speaking community of Quebec should do the same. A number of possible designs were also presented. A variant of the same article was also posted over the internet. 1920: 369: 318: 1643: 2860: 2375:

charter also permits bilingual status to cities, but only those with a majority of English mother-tongue residents; other cities are not required to provide services in English but usually do if a significant minority of the population is English-speaking. Ninety-three municipalities offer bilingual services in Quebec.

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Jacques Viger, the first mayor of Montreal, created the city's first coat of arms in 1833. The arms consisted of a red saltire surrounded by heraldic symbols to represent the cultural makeup of the municipality at the time. While a beaver represented the French community, he added a rose to represent

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Some English-speaking Quebecers also opt to send their children to French-language schools. As a result, programs to integrate English-speaking children into a French-speaking milieu (particularly in English-speaking areas on the West Island) are increasingly popular in French school boards, and have

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The 2006 census showed an increase of the Anglophone population in Quebec. The rise of 16,000 people (from 591,000 in 2001 to 607,000 in 2006) represents a growth rate of +2.7%, which is higher than that for the Francophone population (+2.0%) for the same period. This increase is attributed to a much

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In an addition to the public system, many private schools provide instruction in English, including schools serving religious and cultural communities. Quebec subsidizes a large portion of the tuition on the condition that they teach the provincial curriculum; almost all private schools accept these

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In addition to the rights guaranteed by the constitution of Canada, the various regulations outside the Charter recognise other linguistic rights of Quebec anglophones. Quebeckers have the right to receive services in English from all public health care and social service institutions in Quebec. The

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There has been English-speaking settlement or immigration to some degree in almost all areas of Quebec at one time or another. What remains today in many regions is only symbolic as anglophones have moved away, or assimilated into the French-speaking community (usually Catholics such as the Irish).

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All English-speaking communities outside the Montreal metropolitan area have been in decline for over a century. However, communities near Montreal, the border with Ontario, and the border with the United States are still large enough to constitute a sizeable yet shrinking minority in these regions.

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Emigration to other Canadian provinces was perceived as the biggest challenge facing the continued presence of English-language communities in Quebec, particularly outside Montreal, during the 1976 to 2001 period. English-speakers accounted for half the out-migrants from Quebec as they are extremely

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While Viger's selection of heraldic symbols aptly represented Quebec's Anglophone population, the charges themselves were not unique Quebec inventions since they were borrowed from British heraldry. Over the years, without a truly unique symbol of their own, Quebec's Anglophones tended to gravitate

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Access to English-language public and semi-private education is restricted by provincial law to children who have at least one parent educated in English in Canada. Temporary residents of Quebec and English-speaking immigrants whose children have special learning needs may apply to the Ministère de

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In 2001, Quebec had 340 primary and secondary English-language schools administered by nine English-language school boards. As in French-language schools, elementary education goes from Kindergarten to Elementary 6 (K-6), while high school goes from Secondary 1 to 5 (grades 7-11). The curriculum is

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in protest, which surprised many by electing 4 candidates in the 1989 provincial election. As the sign law would have to be renewed in 1993, the Liberal government passed a law that mandated French on signs. As recommended by the Supreme Court, this law allowed other languages on the sign, as long

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Sign laws governing language are a particular irritant to English-speaking Quebeckers. When the original Charter provision requiring French only on commercial signs and in trade names was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1988, the Liberal government of Robert Bourassa passed Bill 178 that made

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Despite a lull in this outflux during an economic boom and break from separatist governments in 2003, this outmigration had returned to established levels by 2006 and is projected to continue at these rates over the next five years. At the time, this forecast made researcher Jack Jedwab predict a

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triggered an exodus of English-speaking Quebeckers between 1976 and 1980, exacerbating the already existing demographic decline. Head offices that employed anglophones moved mostly to Toronto, taking their employees with them. Structural unemployment in the private sector with the mass hiring of

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Immigrants of today come from all over the world (some have argued that they are largely more secular than members of the established English-speaking communities). Also, a larger proportion are French-speaking than before. However, immigrants from English-speaking countries such as Britain, the

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Anglophones are also less likely to migrate within the province than Francophones and Allophones. This is due to a strong sense of belonging among those in the Montreal area, the relative lack of English-language services and institutions outside Montreal, and a weak sense of identification with

1044:

Immigration from other countries and integration of allophones helped to partially alleviate the impact of this trend. In 2001, one in three immigrants to Quebec was English-speaking and settled in Montreal. This made the decrease in home-language anglophones less pronounced, particularly in the

2503:) that offer 3-year undergraduate programs for Quebec students graduating from college. They also offer standard 4-year programs to students from all over Canada, North America, and the world. For Quebec residents, 85% of tuition is subsidized by the provincial government. Canadian students pay 2280:

of 1988 that ensures equality between English and French in the federal civil service and ensures that official minority language groups in Canada receive service in their language where numbers warrant and that supports the development of communities of speakers of official languages when they

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The English-speaking population has shown an accelerated decline in population between 1971 and 2001. During this interval, the number of mother tongue anglophones decreased from 788,830 to 591,365, representing a drop in its share of the Quebec population from 13.1% to 8.3%. This is attributed

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is used to determine the Official Language minority population. It is used by the federal government and Quebec anglophone community organizations to determine the demand for minority language services. Specifically, it classifies members of immigrant groups who learn English before French as

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starting in the late 1960s. As a result, they offer a range of established bilingual and short- and long-immersion programs. Programs offering both French and English curricula as a first language have recently been approved by the Minister of Education and are increasingly popular. English

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proceedings and eliminated English translations of Quebec laws. It banned all languages other than French on all public signs, both inside and outside. (The regulations for signs would be modified in 1988 and 1993.) The law has therefore polarized Quebec along linguistic lines to this day.

2322:

Other Charter provisions, though, deeply alienated English-speaking Quebeckers. The Charter cut off access to English schools to all but children who had parents who had received their education in English in Quebec. The Charter also eliminated the Constitutional guarantee to English legal

1493:. In the 1860s, the proportion of English-speakers reached a historic high of 40%. The population gradually dwindled as Montreal replaced Quebec City as a centre of commerce and industry. English-speakers now represent 1.9% of the total population in the Quebec metropolitan area. The 2245:

as the principal challenge facing their community and more generally look to the federal government to protect their individual and collective rights from provincial government limits on access to English education, health care, government services, and visibility on public signs.

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Montreal area. This situation is rapidly changing as the vast majority of immigrants now adopt French as their first language: three quarters of linguistic transfers of allophones arriving between 2001 and 2006 allophones arriving have been towards French instead of English.

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The exception is language education. French is taught as a second language in English schools from Grade 1 onwards, and English is symmetrically taught as a second language in French schools from grade 1 onwards. English schools in the Montreal area were pioneers in

2515:

allowing students to pay local Quebec tuition rates. McGill and Concordia offer some instruction in French, and exams and assignments may be done in French at all universities, as long as the goal of the course is not to learn or improve the mastery of a language.

1213:, and integrated into the English-speaking "Protestant" schools and businesses. Italian immigrants would adopt the Catholic institutions of either the Irish or francophone community. These and many other immigrant communities would initially settle along 2401:, respectively in third and fourth place with 11 and 3 seats. It is generally understood that this happened because of the concentration of the Liberal vote in the Centre and Western part of Montreal, where English speakers are often a majority. 1351:

account for the fastest growing segment of the population, with over 26,000 Asians coming to Quebec between 1996 and 2001 and having English as their first official language spoken in 2001; as a result, over a quarter of anglophones now come from

1053:

mobile compared to their francophone neighbours because they share a language and cultural identity with most other Canadians and North Americans. In a survey on the matter, English-speaking Quebecers cited limited economic prospects and politics (

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and have very low tuition fees; a few are subsidized private institutions. Core courses in English literature, humanities, and French represent about 25% of the curriculum. There are eight English-language Colleges, open to all Quebec residents.

2253:

protects the language rights of English-speaking communities and individuals in Quebec; however, since 1867, the Quebec provincial government has had full jurisdiction over schools, with only Section 93 of the British North America Act of 1867

1372:. Its large diversity, mobility and access to mainstream North American society means that most anglophones in Quebec will identify themselves as Canadian or by their cultural group, and identify as "anglophone" only in the context of Quebec's 2823: 2861:"First Official Language Spoken (7), Detailed Language Spoken Most Often at Home (232), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population Excluding Institutional Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census" 2271:

guaranteed the right of Canadian citizens educated in English in Canada to attend English schools. This paved the way for the Constitutional Amendment, 1999 (Québec) which was passed unanimously by the federal Parliament and the

1125:'s urban core, where there is a large network of English-language educational, social, cultural, economic, and medical institutions. However, there are smaller English-speaking communities in the east end as well, notably 2266:

and makes both languages mandatory for the laws, records, and journals of those houses. It also gives any person the right to plead in either English or French in any of the Courts of Quebec. In 1982, Section 23 of the

1136:

The earliest English-speaking people arrived in Montreal at the beginning of the British regime in the second half of the 18th century. By 1831 the majority of the population were of British origin. American merchants,

1028:

A considerable number of census respondents in each category cite equal proficiency, knowledge, and use of different languages. In this case, census respondents are divided evenly among the language groups involved.

1148:

founded Quebec's public and private English-language institutions and would represent Quebec's elite merchant and financial classes up until the 1960s; the heritage of this era remains in neighbourhoods such as

1696:), all in Montreal. These stations are available on cable throughout the province and can also be received for free with the use of home TV antennas in cities located near television transmission towers. 1335:

In the 1950s, more immigration from Europe again changed the face of Montreal. Immigrants flocked to Montreal from all across Europe, bolstering the numbers of established cultural communities, with a

2382:, which aims to prevent education received in fully private English schools or through temporary certificates from producing constitutional education rights. Several court cases are still pending. 3471:

Blair, Louisa. The Anglos: The Hidden Face of Quebec City.Volume 1: 1608–1850; Volume 2: Since 1850. Québec: Commission de la capitale nationale du Québec & Éditions Sylvain Harvey, 2005.

1032:

As allophone immigrants (mother tongue other than English or French) generally arrive with knowledge of either English or French and eventually integrate into these two linguistic groups,

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fees based on the Canadian average. Foreign students pay the full cost of their tuition, although Quebec has signed reciprocal agreements with some jurisdictions such as France, Belgium,

2605: 2355: 2061: 2420:

strictly controlled by the Ministère de l'Education, Quebec's provincial education ministry, and is generally identical to that offered in the French-language public school system.

1582:. Migration to larger cities in Canada (including Montreal) has since reduced the English-speaking population in these regions, but sizeable English-speaking communities remain in 2594: 3362: 383: 2611: 2666:

Other than British heraldic charges, Quebec's Anglophone community still has no unique emblem representing itself that is officially recognized at any government level.

2623: 2389:, political leaders and commentators of the province issued growing concerns about the political weight of the English speaking Quebeckers in Quebec's democracy. The 2295:

sought to improve their economic prospects, assimilate immigrants into their community to maintain their population, and establish French as a language of business.

2982: 2955: 1404: 3966: 3919: 3896: 1985: 4267: 4037: 1959: 1975: 2342:

Faced with increasing marginalization from the political process in Quebec, English-speaking community groups across the province banded together to form

2258:) guaranteeing Protestant confessional boards the right to administer most English schools. Section 133 still allows French and English to be used in the 3219: 2414: 2011: 2001: 3189: 2021: 3343: 1392:

were pioneered by English-speaking settlers who moved north from the United States; the first were Loyalists (Tories in the U.S.) wishing to remain

3285: 2687: 2347: 1061:) as primary reasons for leaving. These political factors are also cited as having led to fewer Canadians from other provinces settling in Quebec. 1364:, the Cree, and Inuit also use English in their day-to-day lives. These groups blend in easily in a community that defines itself increasingly as 2031: 2368: 2324: 2102: 1054: 3849: 3822: 3245: 3139: 2303:

government in 1969, required that English schools provide all students with a working knowledge of French. In 1974, the Liberal government of

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English-speaking. Half of the people equally proficient since childhood in both English and French are placed into each linguistic community.

3281: 3215: 298:

education programs in Quebecois schools. This makes estimating the population of those who identify as English-speaking Quebecers difficult.

3795: 2346:, a provincial lobby group that would advocate for English-language education, health, and social services. It was supported by the federal 2888: 1527: 4288: 4131: 2177: 2130: 1176: 387: 4539: 2760: 2276:

that transformed Protestant confessional school boards into English linguistic school boards. The federal government also maintains the

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provide 3-year career certification programs or 2-year pre-University curricula following Grade 11 (Secondary 5) high school. Most are

2350:

and members worked with provincial administrations to maintain and increase access to English government services across the province.

2149: 4493: 4159: 3317: 3009: 2922: 1949:, a local newspaper for the Eastern Townships. Many smaller communities in Quebec also have English-language weekly papers, including 4240: 2672: 1887:. CBC Radio One is also available in many other Quebec communities. Parts of the province also receive English-language signals from 17: 4390: 2156: 1767:). These stations are carried on Montreal-area cable networks, along with other English and French-language cable stations. (See 1656:

English-language media tend to come from outside the province. Most local English-language media are based in the Montreal area.

1163:

established their schools, churches and hospitals in the mid-19th century in traditionally working-class neighbourhoods such as

4466: 4289:"Youth and Language Volume II: Language Use and attitudes among young people instructed in English (Secondary IV through CEGEP)" 272: 4363: 3735: 2006: 4342: 3071: 2423: 4506: 3108: 2801: 290:

The origins of English-speaking Quebecers include immigration from both English-speaking and non English-speaking countries,

2163: 4213: 3561: 3481: 1518:

Immigrants from England, Scotland, and Ireland would further settle these regions in the mid 19th century, and pioneer the

2986: 2959: 2362:, which overrode the Supreme Court decision. Discontent with the Liberals led anglophones in Western Montreal to form the 1627: 4652: 4065: 2331:

overturned some of these provisions, forcing subsequent Quebec governments to blunt these Charter provisions many times.

1172: 1041:

primarily to an exodus of anglophones to other provinces and raised questions about the sustainability of the community.

291: 4597: 4657: 2755: 2145: 283:. According to the 2011 Canadian census, 599,225 people (around 7.7% of the population) in Quebec declare English as a 3098: 1187:, a prominent Irish Montrealer. Prior 2000, these school systems were merged into linguistic English-language boards. 4647: 4552: 4450: 4429: 4352: 4118: 3081: 3051: 2588: 2538: 2196: 1768: 1180: 409: 73: 3446: 1911:. However, no community in the province besides Montreal and Hudson/Saint Lazare has an English commercial station. 4682: 4364:"'New' and Not So New Anglos: An Analysis of Quebec Anglophone opinion on the province's socio-political realities" 4271: 3736:"'New' and Not So New Anglos: An Analysis of Quebec Anglophone opinion on the province's socio-political realities" 2765: 2367:

as French was predominant. Although this law stands up to Supreme Court challenges, many anglophones refer to the

2287:

has also delimited the language rights of English-speaking Quebeckers and the role of their institutions since the

4246:. Lennoxville, Quebec: Official Languages Support Programs Branch, Department of Canadian Heritage. Archived from 1497:

is a cultural hub for Quebec City's English-speaking community, linked together by media institutions such as the

1171:. Separate English-language confessional (Protestant and Catholic) school systems emerged, in the religious-based 1049:

reduced net outmigration of Anglophones, with some 34,000 departures vs 26,000 arrivals (primarily from Ontario).

4662: 2795: 2548: 2543: 2528: 2496: 2277: 1771:.) Western Montreal carries more English-language programming to better serve the large English-speaking market. 1209:

The early 1900s brought waves of settlers from all over Europe. Jews from Poland, Romania and Russia established

391: 307: 3122:... the Anglophone exodus raised fundamental questions about the "survivability" of English-speaking Montreal... 1130: 4687: 4160:"Demographics and the Long-term Development of the English-speaking Communities of the Greater Montreal Region" 2923:"Demographics and the Long-term Development of the English-speaking Communities of the Greater Montreal Region" 2524:

Montreal has several English-language hospitals that offer multilingual services, including service in French:

2474: 2316: 2242: 2134: 1615: 2393:

did indeed win the second place in parliament having 21 seats while having 14.37% of the popular vote, behind

2311:

and restricted access to English schools to children who could pass a language test. In 1977, the separatist

1728: 3162: 4672: 4025: 3712: 3193: 2386: 1700: 1025:(English or French) since 1991. In addition, conversational knowledge of English and French is documented. 3255:. Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS): Urbanisation, Culture, et Société. Archived from 3036: 2699: 2480: 2273: 2263: 2233:

referendums. Having no distinct political representation in Quebec, they tend to vote for the federalist

2222: 1058: 3698: 3653: 3608: 3538: 3292: 2824:"Population by mother tongue and age groups (total), 2011 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories" 2640:

towards British icons such as the Union Jack, the Red Ensign and then later on Canada's Maple Leaf. The

2170: 4692: 4677: 3768: 2576: 1995: 1499: 1432: 287:. When asked, 834,950 people (about 10.7% of the population) reported using English the most at home. 4667: 4577: 4495:

LA FRÉQUENTATION DU RÉSEAU SCOLAIRE ANGLOPHONE UNE ÉTUDE EXPLORATOIRE DES STATISTIQUES DE 2000 À 2004

3962: 3924: 3887: 2533: 2089:

is a culturally literate bimonthly general-interest English-language magazine published in Montreal.

1740: 1685: 1194:

community grew in the 1860s with the coming of the railway industry centred in Montreal, settling in

4467:"The Chambers Report, Ten Years After: The State of English Language Education in Quebec, 1992-2002" 4341:

Stevenson, Garth (2004). "English-Speaking Québec: A Political History". In Gagnon, Alain G. (ed.).

3882: 3070:

Stevenson, Garth (2004). "English-Speaking Québec: A Political History". In Gagnon, Alain G. (ed.).

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French the only language that could be used on outdoor commercial signs. This required invoking the

339: 3856: 3826: 3256: 2780: 2678: 2563: 2553: 2300: 2292: 1736: 1551: 1214: 46: 4051: 3989: 2790: 4697: 3799: 2582: 2363: 2234: 2123: 1945: 1708: 1599: 1559: 1397: 1357: 1202:. The first school built by the new Protestant Board of School Commissioners of Montreal was the 1138: 183: 4537: 2892: 2660: 2458: 378:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

4292: 4135: 2500: 2335: 2268: 2255: 2230: 2226: 2085: 1939: 1930: 1925: 1677: 1611: 1456: 1369: 1092: 4558: 3933: 3363:

Jewish Children in the Protestant Schools of Greater Montreal in the Period from 1878 to 1958

2617: 2359: 2250: 1748: 1222: 1199: 1126: 175: 4268:"Minority Populations by First Official Language Spoken (2001 Census Data) Province: Quebec" 4247: 4193: 3956: 2711: 4512: 4166: 3013: 2929: 2504: 2398: 2390: 2312: 2259: 2238: 1848: 1591: 1412: 1164: 1009:

uses census data to keep track of minority language communities in Canada. It has recorded

4631: 3482:"Voice of English-speaking Québec: A Portrait of the English-speaking Community in Quebec" 2983:"Graph 15 — Proportion of population using mainly English at home, Quebec, 1971-2002" 8: 4397: 4241:"The Evolving Demographic Context of the Anglophone Communities in the Eastern Townships" 4157: 3388:

Report of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners for the City of Montreal 1847-1871

2920: 2443: 2410: 1876: 1712: 1646: 1587: 1579: 1534:

communities. By the end of the nineteenth century, many grew into thriving small cities:

1203: 4580:. Chisasibi: Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay. 2007. Archived from 4219:. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, Government of Canada. Archived from 2891:. Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, Government of Canada. Archived from 2394: 4600:. Chisasibi: Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services. 2007. Archived from 4418: 2284: 2210: 2098: 2016: 1990: 1603: 1547: 1519: 1389: 1295: 1154: 1142: 1114: 1623: 1403:

Today, the southwestern portion of the Montérégie, notably the Chateauguay Valley and

4548: 4502: 4473: 4446: 4425: 4348: 4114: 4107: 3685: 3640: 3595: 3557: 3525: 3104: 3077: 3047: 3043: 2656: 2492: 2462: 2328: 2218: 2214: 2056: 1970: 1965: 1954: 1880: 1812: 1535: 1464: 1385: 1344: 1269: 1256: 1150: 1006: 212: 145: 125: 52: 4370: 4270:. Ottawa: Public Service Human Resources Management Agency of Canada. Archived from 3742: 1218: 4079: 3929: 3892: 2745: 2641: 2558: 2439: 2288: 1980: 1896: 1631: 1595: 1475: 1436: 1428: 1416: 1373: 1365: 1353: 1321: 1308: 1210: 1113:

Most of Quebec's English-speaking population resides in the Montreal region on the

295: 232: 224: 204: 2644:, where many Anglophones live, is also popular, as it resembles the flags of both 2327:

by English-speaking Quebeckers using provisions of the Canadian constitution and

3100:

The Reconquest of Montreal: Language policy and social change in a bilingual city

2775: 2750: 2649: 2343: 2304: 2077: 2069:. From the 1990s until 2012, Montreal also had two English alternative weeklies, 1868: 1490: 1348: 1282: 1195: 1191: 1184: 1160: 1099: 276: 220: 216: 137: 4220: 3793: 3485: 2956:"Graph 14 — Changes in English mother-tongue population, Quebec, 1951-2001" 2241:

at the provincial level. In 2001, English-speaking Quebeckers viewed provincial

3387: 2770: 2645: 2427: 2071: 2026: 1844: 1669: 1607: 1555: 1482: 1440: 1408: 1393: 1336: 228: 208: 159: 1489:

in the nineteenth century, but the majority of anglophones were working-class

856:

Interprovincial migration between Quebec and other provinces by Mother Tongue

4641: 4601: 4447:"CBC Montreal Matters Archive (Several articles on current education issues)" 4082:", Flags and Coats of Arms from the Island of Montreal. Retrieved 2011-11-24. 4013:"Le PLQ demeure l'opposition officielle: la cheffe Anglade sauve les meubles" 2736: 1892: 1800: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1494: 1361: 1103: 1017: 1011: 714: 709: 515: 443: 284: 163: 133: 107: 101: 4391:"How do francophones regard Quebec anglophones and their issues of concern?" 3713:"Where are Quebec's Anglos? Map of population distribution from 2011 Census" 1883:

are served by CBC Radio One and CBC Radio 2 and the community radio station

1217:(nicknamed "The Main"), before moving on to more prosperous suburbs such as 390:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

2853: 2477:). Access to private schools is open to anyone who can afford the tuition. 1808: 1539: 343: 3990:"No jokes needed — Quebec's Tongue Troopers make fools of themselves" 3037:

Portrait of Official-Language Minorities in Canada – Anglophones in Quebec

2491:

English is also the language of instruction at three Quebec universities (

1711:

who actually depend on the Montreal market for most of their revenue. The

4538:

Consultative Committee for English-Speaking Minority Communities (2002).

3450: 3133: 2980: 2953: 2048: 1900: 1836: 1531: 1486: 1460: 1168: 1145: 1118: 129: 4192:. Montreal: Community Health and Social Services Network. Archived from 4158:

Greater Montreal Community Development Initiative (GMCDI) (April 2007).

4109:

The Forgotten Quebecers: A History of English-Speaking Quebec, 1759-1980

2921:

Greater Montreal Community Development Initiative (GMCDI) (April 2009).

2066: 3855:. Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS). Archived from 2137: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1872: 1583: 1575: 179: 3190:"2006 Census: The Evolving Linguistic Portrait, 2006 Census: Findings" 2655:

In Spring 2007, an article was published in Flagscan (Issue 83 –

1610:. The English-speaking population is anchored by such institutions as 4291:. Canada: Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1994. Archived from 4214:"Going Forward: The Evolution of Quebec's English-Speaking Community" 3220:"Going Forward: The Evolution of Quebec's English-Speaking Community" 2889:"Going Forward: The Evolution of Quebec's English-Speaking Community" 2512: 2447:

immersion programs are not common in French-language public schools.

1864: 1788: 1784: 1703:. Southern Quebec is also served by American network affiliates from 1015:(the first language learned as a child and still spoken) since 1921, 332: 141: 4265: 2112: 3670: 3286:"Quebec Turns Red Again When it Comes to Interprovincial Migration" 2785: 2601:

Outside Montreal, some hospitals also provide services in English.

2466: 2431: 1919: 1792: 1780: 1650: 1523: 1339:

community planting strong roots in the English-speaking community.

1122: 1107: 328: 3390:(Report). Montreal: "Gazette" Printing House. 1872. pp. 17–19 1229:

Ethnic Origins of the metropolitan region of Montreal Anglophones

3344:"Little Burgundy and Montreal's Black English-Speaking Community" 2508: 2308: 2296: 1888: 1884: 1860: 1852: 1840: 1824: 1816: 1804: 1796: 1732: 1704: 1689: 1681: 1673: 1665: 1543: 1504: 1451: 3035:

Corbeil, Jean-Pierre; Chavez, Brigitte; Pereira, Daniel (2010).

2371:

that enforces the law as "tongue troopers" and "language cops".

4165:. Montreal: The Quebec Community Groups Network. Archived from 3850:""To Stay or not to Stay:" Migrations of Young Anglo-Quebecers" 2928:. Montreal: The Quebec Community Groups Network. Archived from 2815: 1832: 1693: 280: 191: 187: 3769:"Moving From Denominational to Linguistic Education in Quebec" 2834: 1470: 1435:

have noticeable English-speaking communities, particularly of

1088: 58:

You can help by providing page numbers for existing citations.

3427: 3409: 2484: 2209:

The politics of language has always played against issues of

1407:, are home to a significant anglophone presence. The town of 4113:. Montreal: Institut Québécois de Recherche sur la Culture. 3580: 3246:"To stay or not to stay: Migrations of young Anglo-Quebecer" 3134:

Government of Canada Privy Council Office (March 12, 2003).

2981:

Government of Canada Privy Council Office (March 12, 2003).

2954:

Government of Canada Privy Council Office (March 12, 2003).

2841:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 8, 2012).

1937:

Quebec has two English-language daily newspapers: the large

1419:, have an anglophone majority and pluralities respectively. 4038:"Unilingues? Bilingues? Les cartes de la langue à Montréal" 3625: 3449:. Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. Archived from 2378:

In 2002, Quebec's French Language Charter was amended with

1760: 1752: 1724: 1716: 1642: 4581: 3794:

Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages (1988).

3773:

Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy

3554:

Iron Bars and Bookshelves: A History of the Morrin Centre

3244:

Magnan, Marie-Odile; Gauthier, Madeleine (October 2005).

1908: 1904: 1764: 1756: 1744: 1720: 1384:

In the late 18th century and the early 19th century, the

3510: 3484:. Voice of English-speaking Québec. 2007. Archived from 2630: 2473:

l'Education for permission to enter these schools. (see

1664:

The province's English-language television stations are

4578:"Cree Board of Health and Social Services of James Bay" 3552:

Blair, Louisa; Donovan, Patrick; Fyson, Donald (2016).

4598:"Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services" 3368:(Report). Vol. Series E. Canadian Jewish Congress 1843:(mainstream rock). The Montreal off-island suburbs of 4420:

L'invention d'une minorité : Les Anglo-Québécois

4472:. Montreal: The Missisquoi Institute. Archived from 4388: 4369:. Montreal: The Missisquoi Institute. Archived from 3766: 3034: 3010:"Factors Affecting the Evolution of Language Groups" 2840: 2726: 1779:

English-language radio stations in Montreal include

3767:Young, David; Lawrence Bezeau (February 28, 2003). 3253:

Groupe sur la recherche sur le migration des jeunes

3184: 3182: 3180: 4634:Charter of the French and English Languages (1992) 4417: 4266:Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (July 2003). 4106: 3291:. Association for Canadian Studies. Archived from 3160: 2451:used in French-language private school for years. 2415:List of English educational institutions in Quebec 2281:constitute a minority in a province or territory. 2037:Suburban, Montreal Island's Largest English Weekly 1699:Anglophones in the Outaouais region are served by 3551: 4639: 4396:. Montreal: Missisquoi Institute. Archived from 4134:. Montreal: Marianopolis College. Archived from 3177: 2821: 2217:. English-speaking Quebeckers maintain a strong 1474:Christ Church of Springbrook Anglican Church in 4187:"Unpacking the Diversity of Quebec Anglophones" 3243: 3096: 1069:continued long term decline of the community. 4308: 3274: 3239: 3237: 3208: 3163:"Quebec immigrants turning to French: census" 3007: 1914: 3065: 3063: 1630:remain, as well as a small community in the 427:Number of English-Speaking Quebecers (2001) 4238: 2103:Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy 1177:Protestant School Board of Greater Montreal 1021:(language spoken at home) since 1971, and 4239:Floch, William; Wernke, Jan (March 2004). 3342:Williams, Dorothy W. (February 10, 2020). 3234: 2571:Douglas Mental Health University Institute 1347:usually come with a knowledge of English; 113:Official Lang. Minority: 1,058,250 (13.5%) 4340: 4010: 3444: 3360: 3069: 3060: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2822:Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. 2693:Coat of Arms of former cities in Montreal 2455:conditions and the accompanying subsidy. 2197:Learn how and when to remove this message 410:Learn how and when to remove this message 74:Learn how and when to remove this message 4541:Report to the Federal Minister of Health 4344:Québec: State and Society, Third Edition 4129: 3880: 3820: 3341: 3103:. Temple University Press. p. 122. 3073:Québec: State and Society, Third Edition 2843:"Statistics Canada: 2011 Census Profile" 2761:List of anglophone communities in Québec 2457: 2422: 1918: 1641: 1469: 1450: 1379: 1117:. The population is concentrated in the 1098: 1087: 1079:List of anglophone communities in Québec 4415: 3969:from the original on September 27, 2007 3899:from the original on September 30, 2007 3733: 3556:. Montreal: Baraka Books. p. 260. 3161:The Canadian Press (December 4, 2007). 2597:, formerly the Queen Elizabeth hospital 1963:, a bilingual and bimonthly paper, the 292:migration from other Canadian provinces 14: 4640: 4491: 4464: 4361: 4286: 4211: 4184: 4011:Bellerose, Patrick (October 4, 2022). 3847: 3825:. Marianopolis College. Archived from 3741:. Missisquoi Institute. Archived from 3318:"Montréal Archives Portal - Chapter 6" 3280: 3214: 2907: 2886: 2875: 1446: 701:English-language population in Quebec 4389:Missisquoi Institute (January 2001). 4347:. Broadview Press. pp. 329–337. 4104: 3954: 3917: 3076:. Broadview Press. pp. 329–337. 2802:The Rise and Fall of English Montreal 2631:Symbols of English-speaking Quebecers 2334:The Charter coupled with the looming 4093: 4015:– via www.journaldequebec.com. 3987: 3222:. Commissioner of Official Languages 3136:"Action Plan for Official Languages" 2135:adding citations to reliable sources 2106: 1622:English-speaking communities in the 362: 311: 119:Regions with significant populations 31: 4313:. Statistics Canada. Archived from 3361:Rosenberg, Louis (March 16, 1959). 3012:. Statistics Canada. Archived from 1173:Montreal Catholic School Commission 24: 2756:List of English-speaking Quebecers 2348:Commissioner of Official Languages 25: 4709: 4625: 4451:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 2606:Brome-Missisquoi-Perkins Hospital 2062:The LowDown to Hull and Back News 1769:Multichannel television in Canada 1181:British North America Act of 1867 1179:, and would be guaranteed in the 4424:. Montreal: éditions du Boréal. 4311:"Language Composition of Canada" 4132:"Anglophone(s) - Quebec History" 3881:Caldwell, Gary (July 22, 2015). 3671:http://www.lamaisonanglaise.com/ 2766:List of Anglo-Quebecer musicians 2729: 2710: 2698: 2686: 2671: 2111: 1427:In Laval, the neighbourhoods of 1023:first official language learned 367: 316: 36: 4072: 4058: 4044: 4030: 4019: 4004: 3988:BLUE, RICKY (August 28, 2005). 3981: 3955:Hudon, R. (December 16, 2013). 3948: 3918:Hudon, R. (December 16, 2013). 3911: 3874: 3841: 3814: 3787: 3760: 3727: 3705: 3660: 3615: 3570: 3545: 3500: 3474: 3465: 3438: 3420: 3402: 3380: 3354: 3335: 3310: 3154: 3127: 3090: 2796:Official bilingualism in Canada 2549:Montreal Neurological Institute 2529:McGill University Health Centre 2122:needs additional citations for 1851:has English-language FM outlet 1034:first official language learned 308:Language demographics of Quebec 4212:Jedwab, Jack (November 2004). 4185:Jedwab, Jack (November 2006). 3028: 3001: 2974: 2947: 2887:Jedwab, Jack (November 2004). 2519: 2475:Charter of the French Language 2336:1980 Referendum on Sovereignty 2317:Charter of the French Language 1616:Eastern Townships School Board 331:format but may read better as 13: 1: 4492:Béland, Paul (October 2006). 4465:Jedwab, Jack (January 2002). 4088: 3823:"The Language Laws of Quebec" 2595:Queen Elizabeth Health Centre 1659: 301: 4362:Jedwab, Jack (August 2001). 4026:2022_Quebec_general_election 3848:Magnan, Marie-Odile (2005). 2544:Montreal Children's Hospital 2404: 2387:2022 Quebec general election 2146:"English-speaking Quebecers" 1867:, broadcasts in English and 1859:, soft adult contemporary). 1701:English stations from Ottawa 1072: 392:Knowledge's inclusion policy 7: 3042:(Report). Ottawa, Ontario: 2722: 2274:National Assembly of Quebec 2092: 1863:, owned by and serving the 1121:and in the western half of 1083: 421: 271:in a Quebec context, are a 10: 4714: 4653:English language in Canada 4501:. Gouvernement du Quebec. 2681:, original version of 1833 2612:Pontiac Community Hospital 2577:Lakeshore General Hospital 2408: 2315:passed the more intensive 2221:, with about 99% opposing 2096: 1996:Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph 1915:Newspapers and periodicals 1865:Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne 1507:) in Quebec City, and the 1500:Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph 1076: 1055:Quebec's language policies 305: 241:English-speaking Quebecers 4658:Quebec Anglophone culture 4547:. Ottawa: Health Canada. 4130:Bélanger, Claude (1999). 3963:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3925:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3888:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3821:Bélanger, Claude (2000). 3581:http://www.qctonline.com/ 3348:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3322:www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca 2863:. Statistics Canada. 2011 2534:Montreal General Hospital 1741:Vermont Public Television 677: 660: 599: 514: 442: 431: 203: 198: 174: 169: 158: 153: 123: 118: 99: 94: 90:English-speaking Quebecer 18:English-speaking Quebecer 4648:Anglophone Quebec people 3796:"Official Languages Act" 3668:www.lamaisonanglaise.com 3626:http://www.cbc.ca/radio/ 3410:"Eeyou Education - Home" 2809: 2679:Coat of arms of Montreal 2624:Barrie Memorial Hospital 2564:Allan Memorial Institute 2554:Montreal Chest Institute 1774: 1709:New York's North Country 1637: 1552:Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu 1422: 1215:Saint Lawrence Boulevard 1211:a large Jewish community 1106:Hebrew Delicatessen on 600:First official language 4683:Ethnic groups in Canada 4416:Legault, Josée (1992). 3097:Marc V. Levine (1991). 2705:Sherbrooke Coat of arms 2583:Jewish General Hospital 2539:Royal Victoria Hospital 2235:Liberal Party of Canada 2049:West Island of Montreal 1823:, adult contemporary), 1398:The American Revolution 1139:United Empire Loyalists 340:converting this article 255:(all alternately spelt 45:This article cites its 4663:Bilingualism in Canada 4105:Rudin, Ronald (1984). 4066:"Academic regulations" 4052:"Submitting in French" 3992:. LOG CABIN CHRONICLES 2469: 2434: 2356:notwithstanding clause 2285:Provincial legislation 2278:Official Languages Act 2269:Constitution Act, 1982 2256:Constitution Act, 1867 2237:federally and for the 1934: 1931:Saint Catherine Street 1653: 1614:in Sherbrooke and the 1478: 1467: 1206:which opened in 1870. 1110: 1096: 719:1st official language 4688:Linguistic minorities 3511:http://www.morrin.org 2618:Jeffery Hale Hospital 2589:Saint Mary's Hospital 2461: 2426: 2360:Canadian Constitution 2264:Legislature of Quebec 2251:Canadian constitution 2053:Westmount Independent 1922: 1647:Radio-Canada building 1645: 1485:merchants settled in 1473: 1454: 1380:Montérégie and Estrie 1102: 1091: 199:Related ethnic groups 27:Sociolinguistic group 4287:Locher, Uli (1994). 4138:on February 18, 2007 3488:on February 17, 2005 3284:(January 15, 2007). 3196:on February 25, 2008 3142:on February 24, 2007 2895:on November 11, 2007 2505:differential tuition 2497:Concordia University 2391:Quebec Liberal Party 2299:, introduced by the 2260:Parliament of Canada 2243:language legislation 2239:Quebec Liberal Party 2131:improve this article 2035:in Lennoxville, the 1411:, and the cities of 1360:peoples such as the 1190:An English-speaking 1131:Rivière-des-Prairies 662:Knowledge of English 265:Québécois Anglophone 253:Anglophone Quebecers 4673:Culture of Montreal 4604:on February 4, 2007 4309:Statistics Canada. 4274:on December 9, 2006 4040:. October 31, 2014. 3829:on December 9, 2006 3802:on November 6, 2006 3008:Statistics Canada. 2847:www12.statcan.gc.ca 2828:www12.statcan.gc.ca 2608:(Eastern Townships) 2501:Bishop's University 2444:bilingual education 2411:Education in Quebec 2291:as French-speaking 1960:The Pontiac Journal 1612:Bishop's University 1457:Bishop's University 1447:Elsewhere in Quebec 1405:Vaudreuil-Soulanges 1343:United States, and 1230: 1204:Royal Arthur School 1093:Saint Patrick's Day 1059:Quebec independence 857: 702: 428: 273:linguistic minority 91: 3447:"Anglos in Québec" 2470: 2435: 2223:Quebec sovereignty 2211:Quebec nationalism 2099:Politics of Quebec 1976:The First Informer 1935: 1654: 1509:La Maison Anglaise 1481:Many American and 1479: 1468: 1455:McGreer Building, 1390:Chateauguay Valley 1228: 1155:Golden Square Mile 1115:Island of Montreal 1111: 1097: 1095:Parade in Montreal 855: 845:1,058,250 (13.5%) 700: 426: 342:, if appropriate. 184:Christian Orthodox 89: 4693:Society of Canada 4678:Culture of Quebec 4622: 4621: 4584:on April 15, 2007 4564:on August 9, 2007 4518:on August 9, 2007 4508:978-2-550-48237-6 4479:on August 9, 2007 4403:on August 9, 2007 4376:on August 9, 2007 4317:on March 10, 2007 4226:on August 9, 2007 4199:on August 9, 2007 4172:on August 9, 2007 4080:Anglo-Quebec Flag 3883:"Alliance Québec" 3862:on August 9, 2007 3748:on August 9, 2007 3693:Missing or empty 3648:Missing or empty 3603:Missing or empty 3578:www.qctonline.com 3533:Missing or empty 3414:eeyoueducation.ca 3298:on August 9, 2007 3262:on August 9, 2007 3218:(November 2004). 3110:978-0-87722-899-8 3044:Statistics Canada 2989:on August 9, 2007 2962:on August 9, 2007 2935:on August 9, 2007 2493:McGill University 2463:McGill University 2329:international law 2219:Canadian identity 2215:Quebec separatism 2207: 2206: 2199: 2181: 1966:Stanstead Journal 1946:Sherbrooke Record 1881:Eastern Townships 1813:McGill University 1628:Lower North Shore 1550:, St. Johns (now 1503:, CBC Radio One ( 1465:Eastern Townships 1386:Eastern Townships 1333: 1332: 1165:Point St. Charles 1007:Statistics Canada 1004: 1003: 1000: 999: 849: 848: 694: 693: 606:Off lang minority 420: 419: 412: 361: 360: 249:English Quebecers 238: 237: 213:Scottish Canadian 146:Eastern townships 110:: 767,770 (9.6%) 104:: 661,535 (8.5%) 84: 83: 76: 51:does not provide 16:(Redirected from 4705: 4668:Canadian English 4613: 4611: 4609: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4563: 4557:. 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Listeners in 1829:Virgin Radio 96 1777: 1749:Plattsburgh, NY 1662: 1640: 1624:Gaspé Peninsula 1560:Saint-Hyacinthe 1449: 1433:Sainte-Dorothée 1425: 1382: 1374:French-speaking 1196:Little Burgundy 1161:Irish Quebecers 1086: 1081: 1075: 839:599,230 (7.6%) 825:607,165 (8.2%) 811:591,365 (8.3%) 797:631,038 (9.0%) 783:626,200 (9.2%) 611:918,955 (12.9%) 533:552,610 (19.7%) 528:746,895 (10.5%) 456:591,379 (8.3%) 416: 405: 399: 396: 382:Please help by 381: 372: 368: 357: 351: 348: 337: 321: 317: 310: 304: 261:Anglo-Québécois 245:Anglo-Quebecers 221:Jewish Canadian 217:French Canadian 149: 114: 111: 105: 87: 80: 69: 63: 60: 57: 53:page references 41: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4711: 4701: 4700: 4698:Quebec society 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4636: 4635: 4627: 4626:External links 4624: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4614: 4594: 4574: 4553: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4507: 4489: 4462: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4436: 4430: 4413: 4386: 4359: 4353: 4337: 4336: 4331: 4306: 4305: 4295:on 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1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1801:CBC Radio One 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1772: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1751:stations are 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1715:stations are 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1657: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1568:Drummondville 1565: 1564:Victoriaville 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1495:Morrin Centre 1492: 1488: 1484: 1477: 1472: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1444: 1442: 1441:Greek descent 1438: 1434: 1430: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366:multicultural 1363: 1359: 1356:groups. Some 1355: 1350: 1346: 1340: 1338: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1226: 1224: 1223:Saint-Léonard 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1134: 1132: 1128: 1127:Saint-Leonard 1124: 1120: 1116: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1094: 1090: 1080: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1030: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1018:home language 1014: 1013: 1012:mother tongue 1008: 995: 992: 989: 986: 985: 981: 978: 975: 972: 971: 967: 964: 961: 958: 957: 953: 950: 947: 944: 943: 939: 936: 933: 930: 929: 925: 922: 919: 916: 915: 911: 908: 905: 902: 901: 897: 894: 891: 888: 887: 883: 880: 877: 874: 873: 869: 866: 863: 860: 859: 853: 852: 844: 841: 838: 835: 834: 830: 827: 824: 821: 820: 816: 813: 810: 807: 806: 802: 799: 796: 793: 792: 788: 785: 782: 779: 778: 774: 771: 768: 765: 764: 760: 757: 754: 751: 750: 746: 743: 740: 737: 736: 732: 729: 726: 723: 722: 718: 716: 715:Home language 713: 711: 710:Mother tongue 708: 705: 704: 698: 697: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 676: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 659: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 642: 638: 635: 632: 631: 627: 624: 621: 620: 617: 616:699,203 (25%) 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 603: 598: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 581: 577: 574: 571: 570: 566: 563: 560: 559: 555: 552: 549: 548: 544: 541: 538: 537: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 520: 517: 516:Home language 513: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 496: 493: 490: 487: 486: 483: 480: 477: 476: 472: 469: 466: 465: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 448: 445: 444:Mother tongue 441: 437: 434: 430: 424: 423: 414: 411: 403: 393: 389: 385: 379: 376:This article 374: 365: 364: 355: 346:is available. 345: 341: 335: 334: 330: 325:This article 323: 314: 313: 309: 299: 297: 294:, and strong 293: 288: 286: 285:mother tongue 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 168: 165: 164:Quebec French 161: 157: 152: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 122: 117: 112: 109: 108:Home language 103: 102:Mother tongue 98: 93: 78: 75: 67: 55: 54: 48: 43: 34: 33: 30: 19: 4616: 4606:. Retrieved 4602:the original 4586:. Retrieved 4582:the original 4566:. Retrieved 4559:the original 4540: 4520:. Retrieved 4513:the original 4494: 4481:. Retrieved 4474:the original 4454:. Retrieved 4449:. Montreal: 4419: 4405:. Retrieved 4398:the original 4378:. Retrieved 4371:the original 4343: 4328: 4321:November 10, 4319:. Retrieved 4315:the original 4307: 4297:. Retrieved 4293:the original 4276:. Retrieved 4272:the original 4255:. Retrieved 4248:the original 4228:. Retrieved 4221:the original 4201:. Retrieved 4194:the original 4174:. Retrieved 4167:the original 4140:. Retrieved 4136:the original 4108: 4074: 4060: 4046: 4032: 4021: 4006: 3994:. Retrieved 3983: 3971:. Retrieved 3957: 3950: 3938:. Retrieved 3934:the original 3923: 3913: 3901:. Retrieved 3886: 3876: 3864:. Retrieved 3857:the original 3843: 3831:. Retrieved 3827:the original 3816: 3804:. Retrieved 3800:the original 3789: 3777:. Retrieved 3772: 3762: 3750:. Retrieved 3743:the original 3729: 3717:. Retrieved 3707: 3695:|title= 3676:November 11, 3674:. Retrieved 3667: 3662: 3650:|title= 3631:November 11, 3629:. Retrieved 3622: 3617: 3605:|title= 3586:November 11, 3584:. Retrieved 3577: 3572: 3553: 3547: 3535:|title= 3516:November 11, 3514:. Retrieved 3507: 3502: 3490:. Retrieved 3486:the original 3476: 3467: 3455:. Retrieved 3451:the original 3440: 3431: 3422: 3413: 3404: 3392:. Retrieved 3382: 3370:. Retrieved 3356: 3347: 3337: 3325:. Retrieved 3321: 3312: 3300:. Retrieved 3293:the original 3282:Jedwab, Jack 3276: 3264:. Retrieved 3257:the original 3252: 3224:. Retrieved 3216:Jedwab, Jack 3210: 3200:February 16, 3198:. Retrieved 3194:the original 3167:. Retrieved 3156: 3144:. Retrieved 3140:the original 3129: 3121: 3114:. Retrieved 3099: 3092: 3072: 3030: 3018:. Retrieved 3014:the original 3003: 2991:. Retrieved 2987:the original 2976: 2964:. Retrieved 2960:the original 2949: 2937:. Retrieved 2930:the original 2897:. Retrieved 2893:the original 2865:. Retrieved 2855: 2846: 2836: 2827: 2817: 2800: 2665: 2654: 2638: 2634: 2600: 2523: 2490: 2479: 2471: 2453: 2449: 2436: 2418: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369:inspectorate 2352: 2341: 2333: 2321: 2283: 2248: 2208: 2193: 2184: 2174: 2167: 2160: 2153: 2141: 2129:Please help 2124:verification 2121: 2084: 2083: 2076: 2070: 2060: 2052: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2020: 2010: 2009:region, the 2000: 1994: 1984: 1974: 1964: 1958: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1936: 1924: 1856: 1849:Saint-Lazare 1828: 1820: 1809:campus radio 1778: 1698: 1663: 1655: 1620: 1600:Ayer's Cliff 1592:North Hatley 1517: 1513: 1508: 1498: 1480: 1426: 1413:Saint-Lazare 1402: 1383: 1358:First Nation 1341: 1334: 1208: 1189: 1185:D'Arcy McGee 1159: 1135: 1112: 1067: 1063: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1016: 1010: 1005: 688: 683: 678: 671: 666: 661: 654: 649: 644: 615: 610: 605: 593: 588: 583: 532: 527: 522: 508: 503: 498: 488:Eng + Other 460: 455: 450: 406: 397: 384:spinning off 377: 349: 344:Editing help 326: 289: 279:province of 268: 267:) or simply 264: 260: 259:; in French 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 239: 106: 86:Ethnic group 70: 61: 50: 29: 4532:Health Care 4099:Communities 3327:October 31, 3169:January 22, 3020:October 27, 2867:October 26, 2614:(Shawville) 2520:Health care 2086:Maisonneuve 1986:The Gleaner 1933:in Montreal 1926:The Gazette 1923:Offices of 1901:New England 1877:Lennoxville 1869:Kanien'keha 1857:Jewel 106.7 1837:CBC Radio 2 1831:, hot AC), 1588:Lennoxville 1580:Sawyerville 1530:) and many 1511:bookstore 1487:Quebec City 1461:Lennoxville 1237:Population 1200:Saint-Henri 1169:Griffintown 1146:Protestants 1119:West Island 277:francophone 130:West Island 4642:Categories 4152:Population 4089:References 3920:"Bill 178" 3623:www.cbc.ca 3165:. 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