Energy development

524: 999: 982: 899: 1160: 2892: 1177: 3720:(i.e. through phase changes of a medium, such between water and slush or ice). Short-term thermal storages can be used for peak-shaving in district heating or electrical distribution systems. Kinds of renewable or alternative energy sources that can be enabled include natural energy (e.g. collected via solar-thermal collectors, or dry cooling towers used to collect winter's cold), waste energy (e.g. from HVAC equipment, industrial processes or power plants), or surplus energy (e.g. as seasonally from hydropower projects or intermittently from wind farms). The 1081:. To ensure human development continues sustainably, governments around the world are beginning to research potential ways to implement renewable sources into their countries and economies. For example, the UK Government’s Department for Energy and Climate Change 2050 Pathways created a mapping technique to educate the public on land competition between energy supply technologies. This tool provides users the ability to understand what the limitations and potential their surrounding land and country has in terms of energy production. 224: 889: 2833: 13455: 81: 2795:. The authors argued that simply switching to domestic energy would not be secure inherently because the true weakness is the often interdependent and vulnerable energy infrastructure of a country. Key aspects such as gas lines and the electrical power grid are often centralized and easily susceptible to disruption. They conclude that a "resilient energy supply" is necessary for both national security and the environment. They recommend a focus on energy efficiency and renewable energy that is decentralized. 73: 10593: 3250: 42: 1886: 3582: 316: 2742: 1484: 1438: 1415: 1392: 1346: 3573:(dry, flash or binary), heat pumps, or wells. These processes of harnessing the heat incorporate an infrastructure which has in one form or another a turbine which is spun by either the hot water or the steam produced by it. The spinning turbine, being connected to a generator, produces energy. A more recent innovation involves the use of shallow closed-loop systems that pump heat to and from structures by taking advantage of the constant temperature of soil around 10 feet deep. 1090: 2241: 3499: 3338: 2400: 191: 10599: 15270: 13234: 11395: 10463: 9997: 9460: 3767: 10487: 10007: 9484: 1461: 10605: 2644: 3753: 3435: 578: 10451: 89: 2004:, and interest rates. Pilot programs like EWEB's customer opt in Green Power Program show that customers would be willing to pay a little more for a renewable energy source like geothermal. But as a result of government assisted research and industry experience, the cost of generating geothermal power has decreased by 25% over the past two decades. In 2001, geothermal energy cost between two and ten US cents per kWh. 1688: 13222: 9496: 3781: 1992:. Recent technological advances have dramatically expanded the range and size of viable resources, especially for applications such as home heating, opening a potential for widespread exploitation. Geothermal wells release greenhouse gases trapped deep within the earth, but these emissions are much lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels. As a result, geothermal power has the potential to help mitigate 1369: 13246: 11407: 10475: 9472: 1671: 2507: 1517: 3522: 915:

cycles which carry a large variety of risks. In Eastern Europe, a number of long-established projects are struggling to find finance, notably Belene in Bulgaria and the additional reactors at Cernavoda in Romania, and some potential backers have pulled out. Where cheap gas is available and its future supply relatively secure, this also poses a major problem for nuclear projects.

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greater than the value of the energy produced by the resource, it is no longer an effective energy source. These resources are no longer an energy source but may be exploited for value as raw materials. New technology may lower the energy investment required to extract and convert the resources, although ultimately basic physics sets limits that cannot be exceeded.

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down very quickly to adapt to changing energy demands. However, damming interrupts the flow of rivers and can harm local ecosystems, and building large dams and reservoirs often involves displacing people and wildlife. Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces no direct waste, and has a considerably lower output level of the

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58% of sample countries linked renewable energy consumption to have a positive impact on economic growth. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of energy supply. National renewable energy markets are projected to continue to grow strongly in the coming decade and beyond.

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energy are ongoing and not depleted by human demands. Non-renewable resources are those that are significantly depleted by human usage and that will not recover their potential significantly during human lifetimes. An example of a non-renewable energy source is coal, which does not form naturally at a rate that would support human use.

5294:"Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power - global nuclear power has prevented an average of 1.84 million air pollution-related deaths and 64 gigatonnes of CO2-equivalent (GtCO2-eq) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that would have resulted from fossil fuel burning" 3557:

Being recognized as one of the most efficient renewable energy sources, wind power is becoming more and more relevant and used in the world. Wind power does not use any water in the production of energy making it a good source of energy for areas without much water. Wind energy could also be produced

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Similarly, in the United States, the independent National Research Council has noted that "sufficient domestic renewable resources exist to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation and thus help confront issues related to climate change, energy security,

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The cost of hydroelectricity is relatively low, making it a competitive source of renewable electricity. The average cost of electricity from a hydro plant larger than 10 megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. Hydro is also a flexible source of electricity since plants can be ramped up and

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Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources, which will eventually decline in production and become exhausted. While the processes that created fossil fuels are ongoing, fuels are consumed far more quickly than the natural rate of replenishment. Extracting fuels becomes increasingly costly as society

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Another important classification is based on the time required to regenerate an energy resource. "Renewable" resources are those that recover their capacity in a time significant by human needs. Examples are hydroelectric power or wind power, when the natural phenomena that are the primary source of

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Faunce TA, Lubitz W, Rutherford AW, MacFarlane D, Moore, GF, Yang P, Nocera DG, Moore TA, Gregory DH, Fukuzumi S, Yoon KB, Armstrong FA, Wasielewski MR, Styring S. ‘Energy and Environment Case for a Global Project on Artificial Photosynthesis.’ Energy and Environmental Science 2013, 6 (3), 695 - 698

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allows the community to get 97% of its year-round heat from solar collectors on the garage roofs, which most of the heat collected in summer. Types of storages for sensible energy include insulated tanks, borehole clusters in substrates ranging from gravel to bedrock, deep aquifers, or shallow lined

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along with knowledge taken from mechanical and electrical engineering. The wind passes across the aerodynamic rotor blades, creating an area of higher pressure and an area of lower pressure on either side of the blade. The forces of lift and drag are formed due to the difference in air pressure. The

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Energy is also the capacity to do work. We can get energy from food. Energy can be of different forms such as kinetic, potential, mechanical, heat, light etc. Energy is required for individuals and the whole society for lighting, heating, cooking, running, industries, operating transportation and so

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Google spent $ 30 million on their "Renewable Energy Cheaper than Coal" project to develop renewable energy and stave off catastrophic climate change. The project was cancelled after concluding that a best-case scenario for rapid advances in renewable energy could only result in emissions 55 percent

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by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be "primarily social and political, not technological or economic". Jacobson says that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar

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has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy demand. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of energy supply.

1999:

The Earth's geothermal resources are theoretically more than adequate to supply humanity's energy needs, but only a very small fraction may be profitably exploited. Drilling and exploration for deep resources is very expensive. Forecasts for the future of geothermal power depend on assumptions about

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Societies use energy for transportation, manufacturing, illumination, heating and air conditioning, and communication, for industrial, commercial, and domestic purposes. Energy resources may be classified as primary resources, where the resource can be used in substantially its original form, or as

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has to do with internal combustion engines, turbines, pumps, fans and so on, which are used for transportation, mechanical energy and power generation. High thermal and mechanical loads bring about operational safety worries which are dealt with through many branches of applied engineering science.

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for collecting solar power for use on Earth. Space-based solar power has been in research since the early 1970s. Space-based solar power would require construction of collector structures in space. The advantage over ground-based solar power is higher intensity of light, and no weather to interrupt

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Orbiting solar power collectors would require wireless transmission of power to Earth. The proposed method involves creating a large beam of microwave-frequency radio waves, which would be aimed at a collector antenna site on the Earth. Formidable technical challenges exist to ensure the safety and

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Unlike other energy sources, renewable energy sources are not as restricted by geography. Additionally deployment of renewable energy is resulting in economic benefits as well as combating climate change. Rural electrification has been researched on multiple sites and positive effects on commercial

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Costs are likely to go up for currently operating and new nuclear power plants, due to increased requirements for on-site spent fuel management and elevated design basis threats. While first of their kind designs, such as the EPRs under construction are behind schedule and over-budget, of the seven

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Deep within the Earth, is an extreme heat producing layer of molten rock called magma. The very high temperatures from the magma heats nearby groundwater. There are various technologies that have been developed in order to benefit from such heat, such as using different types of power plants

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Including traditional biomass usage, about 19% of global energy consumption is accounted for by renewable resources. Wind powered energy production is being turned to as a prominent renewable energy source, increasing global wind power capacity by 12% in 2021. While not the case for all countries,

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typically have high capital costs for building the plant, but low direct fuel costs. In recent years there has been a slowdown of electricity demand growth and financing has become more difficult, which affects large projects such as nuclear reactors, with very large upfront costs and long project

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Recent experiments in extraction of uranium use polymer ropes that are coated with a substance that selectively absorbs uranium from seawater. This process could make the considerable volume of uranium dissolved in seawater exploitable for energy production. Since ongoing geologic processes carry

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Energy production usually requires an energy investment. Drilling for oil or building a wind power plant requires energy. The fossil fuel resources that are left are often increasingly difficult to extract and convert. They may thus require increasingly higher energy investments. If investment is

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looked to energy resilience, arguing that complete independence is unfeasible given the global market for energy. He describes energy resilience as the ability to adjust to interruptions in the supply of energy. To that end, he suggests the U.S. make greater use of electricity. Electricity can be

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Fridleifsson, Ingvar B.; Bertani, Ruggero; Huenges, Ernst; Lund, John W.; Ragnarsson, Arni; Rybach, Ladislaus (2008-02-11), O. Hohmeyer and T. Trittin, ed., The possible role and contribution of geothermal energy to the mitigation of climate change (pdf), IPCC Scoping Meeting on Renewable Energy

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sources that would otherwise be inaccessible due to a temperature that is too low for utilization or a time lag between when the energy is available and when it is needed. While enhancing the temperature of available renewable thermal energy, heat pumps have the additional property of leveraging

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Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the Asia-Pacific region generating 32 percent of global hydropower in 2010. China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of production in 2010, representing around 17 percent of domestic electricity use. There are now three

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sources. In 2005, 81% of the world's energy needs was met from fossil sources. The technology and infrastructure for the use of fossil fuels already exist. Liquid fuels derived from petroleum deliver much usable energy per unit of weight or volume, which is advantageous when compared with lower

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MRE can be a renewable energy source for coastal communities helping their transition from fossil fuel, but researchers are calling for a better understanding of its environmental impacts. Because ocean-energy areas are often isolated from both fishing and sea traffic, these zones may provide

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to attract private investment, ensure cost-effectiveness, and accelerate MRE growth. Ireland sees MRE as a key component to reduce its carbon footprint. The Offshore Renewable Energy Development Plan (OREDP) supports the exploration and development of the country's significant offshore energy

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Marine energy technology is in its first stage of development. To be developed, MRE needs efficient methods of storing, transporting, and capturing ocean power, so it can be used where needed. Over the past year, countries around the world have started implementing market strategies for MRE to

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is that electricity is "sticky" – meaning the electricity produced in the U.S. is to stay there because it cannot be transported overseas. According to Grove, a key aspect of advancing electrification and energy resilience will be converting the U.S. automotive fleet from gasoline-powered to

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generated from the technology is limited, also causing fish and mammals living in the area of the installation to return. In the most recent State of Science Report about MRE, the authors claim that there is no evidence for fish, mammals, or seabirds to be injured by either collision, noise

714:(1979). There have also been some nuclear submarine accidents. In terms of lives lost per unit of energy generated, analysis has determined that nuclear power has caused less fatalities per unit of energy generated than the other major sources of energy generation. Energy production from 7780:

Sustainable Development and Innovation in the Energy Sector. Ulrich Steger, Wouter Achterberg, Kornelis Blok, Henning Bode, Walter Frenz, Corinna Gather, Gerd Hanekamp, Dieter Imboden, Matthias Jahnke, Michael Kost, Rudi Kurz, Hans G. Nutzinger, Thomas Ziesemer. Springer, December 5,

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Since prehistory, when humanity discovered fire to warm up and roast food, through the Middle Ages in which populations built windmills to grind the wheat, until the modern era in which nations can get electricity splitting the atom. Man has sought endlessly for energy sources.

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National security, safety, technology, and employment implications of increasing CAFE standards : hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, January 24, 2002. DIANE Publishing.

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spending, appliance use, and general activities requiring electricity as energy. Renewable energy growth in at least 38 countries has been driven by the high electricity usage rates. International support for promoting renewable sources like solar and wind have continued grow.

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secondary resources, where the energy source must be converted into a more conveniently usable form. Non-renewable resources are significantly depleted by human use, whereas renewable resources are produced by ongoing processes that can sustain indefinite human exploitation.

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is a process whereby electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load that does not have a built-in power source, without the use of interconnecting wires. Currently available technology is limited to short distances and relatively low power level.

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of sustainable energy policy. In many countries energy efficiency is also seen to have a national security benefit because it can be used to reduce the level of energy imports from foreign countries and may slow down the rate at which domestic energy resources are depleted.

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and the escalation of energy costs ... Renewable energy is an attractive option because renewable resources available in the United States, taken collectively, can supply significantly larger amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand." .

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deaths per unit of energy generated(GWeyr). This study does not include fossil fuel related cancer and other indirect deaths created by the use of fossil fuel consumption in its "severe accident" classification, which would be an accident with more than 5 fatalities.

198:

Energy resources may be classified as primary resources, suitable for end use without conversion to another form, or secondary resources, where the usable form of energy required substantial conversion from a primary source. Examples of primary energy resources are

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where these risks, and the risk of cheaper competitors emerging before capital costs are recovered, are borne by plant suppliers and operators rather than consumers, which leads to a significantly different evaluation of the economics of new nuclear power plants.

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in cars, for example, is an anticipated delivery technology. This section presents the various delivery technologies that have been important to historic energy development. They all rely in way on the energy sources listed in the previous section.

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is sustainable in its production; the available supply will not be diminished for the foreseeable future - millions or billions of years. "Sustainability" also refers to the ability of the environment to cope with waste products, especially

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or plant-derived materials). This biomass can be converted to convenient energy containing substances in three different ways: thermal conversion, chemical conversion, and biochemical conversion. This biomass conversion can result in fuel in

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In 2010, worldwide biofuel production reached 105 billion liters (28 billion gallons US), up 17% from 2009, and biofuels provided 2.7% of the world's fuels for road transport, a contribution largely made up of ethanol and biodiesel. Global

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Styring, Stenbjorn; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Armstrong, Fraser A.; Yoon, Kyung Byung; Fukuzumi, Shunichi; Gregory, Duncan H.; Moore, Tom A.; Nocera, Daniel G.; Yang, Peidong; Moore, Gary F.; MacFarlane, Douglas; Rutherford, A. W. (Bill);

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411:, conservatively, between 2007 and 2010. In 2010, it was estimated that an investment of $ 8 trillion in non-renewable resources would be required to maintain current levels of production for 25 years. In 2010, governments subsidized 2478:, and the Northeast of the US. African countries with small scale electrical grids have a correspondingly low annual per capita usage of electricity. One of the most powerful power grids in the world supplies power to the state of 1862:

production reached 86 billion liters (23 billion gallons US) in 2010, with the United States and Brazil as the world's top producers, accounting together for 90% of global production. The world's largest biodiesel producer is the

6839: 1115:; the force of falling or flowing water. In 2015 hydropower generated 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of all renewable electricity and was expected to increase about 3.1% each year for the following 25 years. 2098:

potential. Additionally, Ireland has implemented the Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS) which includes auctions designed to provide financial support for communities, increase technology diversity, and guarantee

3002:) may lead to significant changes, and require sustainable methods of production. One vision of a sustainable energy future involves all human structures on the earth's surface (i.e., buildings, vehicles and roads) doing 7094:

Vieira, Mário; Macedo, Ana; Alvarenga, António; Lafoz, Marcos; Villalba, Isabel; Blanco, Marcos; Rojas, Rodrigo; Romero-Filgueira, Alejandro; García-Mendoza, Adriana; Santos-Herran, Miguel; Alves, Marco (January 2024).

5161: 8401: 2788:" is an unrealistic and opaque concept. The alternative offer of "energy resilience" is a goal aligned with economic, security, and energy realities. The notion of resilience in energy was detailed in the 1982 book 738:

effects. However, the economic costs of nuclear power accidents is high, and meltdowns can take decades to clean up. The human costs of evacuations of affected populations and lost livelihoods is also significant.

3554:

lift force is stronger than the drag force; therefore the rotor, which is connected to a generator, spins. The energy is then created due to the change from the aerodynamic force to the rotation of the generator.

2462:, and Australia are among the highest per capita consumers of electricity in the world, which is possible thanks to a widespread electrical distribution network. The US grid is one of the most advanced, although 7589:. in: From Silos to Systems: Issues in Clean Energy and Climate Change. A report on the work of the REIL Network, 2008-2010. Edited by Parker L et al. Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies 2010 5184: 6456: 5792: 2772:. Sources which have no direct waste products (such as wind, solar, and hydropower) are brought up on this point. With global demand for energy growing, the need to adopt various energy sources is growing. 277:(LPG), is principally derived from the production of natural gas. Heat from burning fossil fuel is used either directly for space heating and process heating, or converted to mechanical energy for vehicles, 2298:

could reduce the global energy demand in 2050 to around 8% smaller than today, but serving an economy more than twice as big and a population of about 2 billion more people.

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use two-thirds less energy and may last 6 to 10 times longer than incandescent lights. Improvements in energy efficiency are most often achieved by adopting an efficient technology or production process.

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Although increasing the efficiency of energy use is not energy development per se, it may be considered under the topic of energy development since it makes existing energy sources available to do work.

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The countries most reliant on fossil fuels for electricity vary widely on how great a percentage of that electricity is generated from renewables, leaving wide variation in renewables' growth potential.

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where many of the risks associated with construction costs, operating performance, fuel price, and other factors were borne by consumers rather than suppliers. Many countries have now liberalized the

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are placed over water. The oceans have a tremendous amount of energy and are close to many if not most concentrated populations. Ocean energy has the potential to provide a substantial amount of new

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The economics of new nuclear power plants is a controversial subject, since there are diverging views on this topic, and multibillion-dollar investments ride on the choice of an energy source.

4954: 2182:" that can allow us to maintain our quality of life while avoiding catastrophic climate change, and "renewable energy sources," in aggregate, constitute the largest number of their "wedges." 1258:

in 2010. By 2011, at times over 50% of electricity in Germany and Spain came from wind and solar power. As of 2011, 83 countries around the world are using wind power on a commercial basis.

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electrical power (or in some cases mechanical or thermal power) by using it to extract additional energy from a low quality source (such as seawater, lake water, the ground, the air, or

9534: 6835: 4507: 11997: 6750: 1867:, accounting for 53% of all biodiesel production in 2010. As of 2011, mandates for blending biofuels exist in 31 countries at the national level and in 29 states or provinces. The 5649: 2286:

Reducing energy use may save consumers money, if the energy savings offsets the cost of an energy efficient technology. Reducing energy use reduces emissions. According to the

778:. U.S. nuclear industry officials expect five new reactors to enter service by 2020, all at existing plants. In 2013, four aging, uncompetitive, reactors were permanently closed. 1101: 14495: 5153: 12583: 2081:, which are above-market prices for MRE that allow investors and project developers a stable income. Other financial strategies consist of subsidies, grants, and funding from 10347: 6401: 4219: 3063:, it has been an underlying cause of political conflicts and wars. The gathering and use of energy resources can be harmful to local ecosystems and may have global outcomes. 7539: 5044: 2143:

pollution, or the electromagnetic field. The uncertainty of its environmental impact comes from the low quantity of MRE devices in the ocean today where data is collected.

8396: 7844: 7707: 5674: 4111: 2435:, coal burning power plant, etc. A combination of sub-stations and transmission lines are used to maintain a constant flow of electricity. Grids may suffer from transient 918:

Analysis of the economics of nuclear power must take into account who bears the risks of future uncertainties. To date all operating nuclear power plants were developed by

7385: 5468: 7097:"What future for marine renewable energy in Portugal and Spain up to 2030? Forecasting plausible scenarios using general morphological analysis and clustering techniques" 6375: 2627:

such as coal and gasoline store ancient energy derived from sunlight by organisms that later died, became buried and over time were then converted into these fuels. Even

5427: 5219:"Collectively, life cycle assessment literature shows that nuclear power is similar to other renewable and much lower than fossil fuel in total life cycle GHG emissions" 3854: 5176: 6490: 6448: 4917: 5781: 5115: 2391:. Natural gas pipelines must maintain a certain minimum pressure to function correctly. The higher costs of ethanol transportation and storage are often prohibitive. 2022:

or marine power (also sometimes referred to as ocean energy, ocean power, or marine and hydrokinetic energy) refers to the energy carried by the mechanical energy of

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leaked into the air, soil and sea, and with subsequent radiation checks leading to bans on some shipments of vegetables and fish – a global public support survey by

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produced from a variety of sources. A diverse energy supply will be less affected by the disruption in supply of any one source. He reasons that another feature of

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Silvestre B. S., Dalcol P. R. T. (2009). "Geographical proximity and innovation: Evidences from the Campos Basin oil & gas industrial agglomeration — Brazil".

8379: 3880: 557:. Picture taken in 1964 during a record setting voyage of 26,540 nmi (49,190 km) around the world in 65 days without refueling. Crew members are spelling out 8511: 6357: 6341: 9527: 782:

uranium to the sea in amounts comparable to the amount that would be extracted by this process, in a sense the sea-borne uranium becomes a sustainable resource.

6665:

Santillan-Jimenez Eduardo (2015). "Continuous catalytic deoxygenation of model and algal lipids to fuel-like hydrocarbons over Ni–Al layered double hydroxide".

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or load that cannot safely be exceeded. When power requirements exceed what's available, failures are inevitable. To prevent problems, power is then rationed.

5450: 4636: 12185: 6220: 4661: 4139: 1630:

said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries'

7283: 6099: 998: 7586: 7234: 5486: 5067: 15236: 11712: 5757: 5727: 1920:, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of 658: 5512: 13284: 12007: 9520: 7922: 7802: 7414: 4790: 1616:, and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable 5085: 4944: 2314:

It's been discovered "that for OECD countries, wind, geothermal, hydro and nuclear have the lowest hazard rates among energy sources in production".

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or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of

6695: 5363: 2963:

are also a concern of energy development. Extrapolations lack plausibility, particularly when they predict a continual increase in oil consumption.

14616: 13914: 12888: 6802: 6514: 6196: 4340: 2670:, all other energy sources are from current solar isolation or from fossil remains of plant and animal life that relied upon sunlight. Ultimately, 654: 4436: 342:

risks for dependent countries. Oil dependence in particular has led to war, funding of radicals, monopolization, and socio-political instability.

13033: 6319: 4885: 4596: 4482: 4457: 1871:

has a goal for biofuels to meet more than a quarter of world demand for transportation fuels by 2050 to reduce dependence on petroleum and coal.

7821: 6295: 5535: 3021:, that go into Earth's orbit or beyond, delivering them to those regions will require further energy development. Researchers have contemplated 4812: 4514: 2105:

However, while research is increasing, there have been concerns associated with threats to marine mammals, habitats, and potential changes to

1262: 11692: 6156: 3472:

Nuclear power generation has been politically controversial in many countries for several decades but the electrical energy produced through

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forth. Basically there are two types of energy depending on the source s they are; 1.Renewable Energy Sources 2.Non-Renewable Energy Sources

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from production source to end user, when the two may be hundreds of kilometres away. Sources include electrical generation plants such as a

4247: 2157:

The incentive to use 100% renewable energy, for electricity, transport, or even total primary energy supply globally, has been motivated by

13904: 13778: 12014: 11445: 7603: 7565: 6500: 4759: 1985:

capacity is installed for district heating, space heating, spas, industrial processes, desalination and agricultural applications in 2010.

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in many countries. Germany decided to close all its reactors by 2022, and Italy has banned nuclear power. Following Fukushima, in 2011 the

7738: 7634: 7258: 6747: 14386: 14381: 14366: 14361: 13909: 9757: 8163: 6423: 4262:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007): IPCC Fourth Assessment Report - Working Group I Report on "The Physical Science Basis".

1988:

Geothermal power is cost effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly, but has historically been limited to areas near

1958:

upward since it is lighter than the surrounding rock. Rock and water is heated in the crust, sometimes up to 370 °C (700 °F).

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Peaking of World Oil Production: Impacts, Mitigation, and Risk Management. Was at: www.pppl.gov/polImage.cfm?doc_Id=44&size_code=Doc

1238:. Several countries have achieved relatively high levels of wind power penetration, such as 21% of stationary electricity production in 14331: 13514: 13488: 11780: 4650: 4538: 5385: 5138: 2729:

between 1965 and 1970 and that oil production will peak "within half a century" on the basis of 1956 data. In 1989, predicted peak by

12283: 5697:"The Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation ( ENEC ) provided a project update on the status of the UAE peaceful nuclear energy program" 4280: 4127:

Energy Dependency, Politics and Corruption in the Former Soviet Union. By Margarita M. Balmaceda. Psychology Press, December 6, 2007.

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electric-powered. This, in turn, will require the modernization and expansion of the electrical power grid. As organizations such as

2166: 1950:

may reach over 4000 °C (7,200 °F). The high temperature and pressure in Earth's interior cause some rock to melt and solid

12522: 5568: 4458:"What is Nuclear Power Plant - How Nuclear Power Plants work | What is Nuclear Power Reactor - Types of Nuclear Power Reactors" 4305: 13955: 13924: 13919: 7933:

World energy consumption outlook from the International Energy Outlook, published by the U.S. DOE Energy Information Administration

6393: 5859: 5218: 4227: 4165: 1074: 7404:"Providing all global energy with wind, water, and solar power, Part II: Reliability, system and transmission costs, and policies" 6530: 5404: 5036: 4323: 14698: 12733: 12573: 12512: 10260: 8573: 8497: 8490: 8483: 7950: 7841: 7715: 5666: 4108: 3237:(Lighting Technology), for Interior and Exterior Natural as well as Artificial Lighting Design, Installations, and Energy Savings 3006:(using sunlight to split water as a source of hydrogen and absorbing carbon dioxide to make fertilizer) efficiently than plants. 12653: 7338: 7306: 7195:

Newman, Sarah F.; Bhatnagar, Dhruv; O'Neil, Rebecca S.; Reiman, Andy P.; Preziuso, Danielle C.; Robertson, Bryson (2022-09-30).

6549: 6475: 4727: 3240:(Energy Cost/Benefit Analysis), for Simple Payback and Life Cycle Costing of Energy Efficiency/Conservation Measures Recommended 14572: 14396: 13277: 12478: 11088: 10531: 9868: 9717: 9704: 9193: 5477: 5419: 6372: 13980: 11707: 9915: 9853: 9237: 8912: 8262: 8119: 8085: 7450: 6491:

FG Forrest; a. s.; fg {zavináč } fg {tečka} cz - Content Management System - Edee CMS; SYMBIO Digital, s. r. o. - Webdesign.

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is an alternative or complementary process to energy development. It reduces the demand for energy by using it efficiently.

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relies on man-made fission of heavy radioactive elements in the Earth's crust; in both cases these elements were produced in

617: 207:, wood fuel, fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, and uranium. Secondary resources are those such as electricity, 17: 7456: 5899:"The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from the renewable energy country attractive index" 3075:

As an interdisciplinary science Energy technology is linked with many interdisciplinary fields in sundry, overlapping ways.

758:, worldwide there were 68 civil nuclear power reactors under construction in 15 countries, approximately 28 of which in the 14703: 14371: 13945: 12529: 10043: 10000: 9941: 9936: 3868: 1890: 677: 265:

fuels, which are the remains of the decomposition of plants and animals. There are three main types of fossil fuels: coal,

8046:; Faunce, Thomas A. (2013-02-20). "Energy and environment policy case for a global project on artificial photosynthesis". 7471: 4146:: Social, Political, and Economic Consequences. Terry Lynn Karl. Stanford University. Stanford, California, United States. 2595:

in deep aquifers or bedrock. A wind-up clock stores potential energy (in this case mechanical, in the spring tension), a

13950: 13250: 12446: 11992: 11957: 9782: 9672: 9379: 7902: 7867: 3834: 3830: 2535: 171: 8376: 7631:"The Twin Pillars of Sustainable Energy: Synergies between Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technology and Policy" 15084: 14763: 14479: 13590: 13144: 12728: 10280: 10265: 6919: 6354: 6333: 4933:

cancer deaths included, nuclear power is safer when compared to many alternative energy sources' immediate, death rate.

3818: 2162: 1852: 976: 892: 859: 831: 707: 673: 634: 1014:

is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as

15309: 15304: 15231: 14535: 14288: 13499: 13270: 11808: 11687: 11199: 10990: 10860: 7943: 6878: 4710: 4676: 4077:

Congressional Record, V. 153, PT. 2, January 18, 2007 to February 1, 2007 edited by U S Congress, Congress (U.S.). p

3850: 3388: 2085:. China alone approved 100 ocean projects in 2019. Portugal and Spain recognize the potential of MRE in accelerating 2038:. MRE has the potential to become a reliable and renewable energy source because of the cyclical nature of the oceans 1450: 883: 641:, although not every reactor is producing electricity. In addition, there are approximately 140 naval vessels using 8328: 8015: 7991: 7975: 6724: 5696: 3708:

Thermal storage technologies allow heat or cold to be stored for periods of time ranging from hours or overnight to

2717:

in which he saw that the reserves of coal were being depleted and that oil was an ineffective replacement. In 1914,

15120: 14773: 14268: 13965: 13960: 13771: 13038: 12903: 11438: 10995: 10870: 9594: 9320: 5470:

Global Citizen Reaction to the Fukushima Nuclear Plant Disaster (theme: environment / climate) Ipsos Global @dvisor

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Energy Security: Economics, Politics, Strategies, and Implications. Edited by Carlos Pascual, Jonathan Elkind. p210

1290: 1227: 6235: 4658: 4136: 1223:

in June 2014, and wind energy production was around 4% of total worldwide electricity usage, and growing rapidly.

959:. The first reactor, Barakah-1 is 85% completed and on schedule for grid-connection during 2017. Two of the four 620:

form a very small component of energy generation, mostly in specialized applications such as deep space vehicles.

14778: 14336: 14221: 14147: 13580: 13504: 13477: 13357: 13327: 12981: 12815: 12417: 12295: 11952: 11813: 11380: 11060: 10098: 9946: 9612: 8211: 7923:

Resilience in Energy: Building Infrastructure Today for Tomorrow's Automotive Fuel. Reform Institute. March 2009.

7170: 6129: 6092: 3936: 3872: 3864: 3730: 3725: 3709: 2592: 2519: 1939: 1802:

for ethanol production. Ethanol can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a

1404: 1266: 1235: 699: 7529: 6260: 5059: 4403: 2978:

around the globe, world grain production increased by 250%. The energy for the Green Revolution was provided by

2616: 981: 661:. More than 60 years after the first attempts, commercial fusion power production remains unlikely before 2050. 15246: 15017: 14683: 14236: 14154: 14081: 12971: 12820: 12278: 10930: 10551: 9900: 9772: 9647: 9617: 9589: 9330: 5897:

Shahbaz, Muhammad; Raghutla, Chandrashekar; Chittedi, Krishna Reddy; Jiao, Zhilun; Vo, Xuan Vinh (2020-09-15).

5355: 4731: 2933:

Extrapolations from current knowledge to the future offer a choice of energy futures. Predictions parallel the

2690:

of the Earth's core is the result of the decay of radioactive materials present beneath the Earth's crust, and

2082: 5620: 14454: 14351: 14341: 14263: 12745: 12578: 12002: 11930: 11411: 11204: 11078: 10630: 10357: 9967: 9931: 9767: 9667: 9642: 6231: 5520: 4276: 4190: 3932: 3721: 2718: 1165: 767: 759: 31: 6893: 15226: 15221: 14758: 14743: 14192: 13088: 12825: 12534: 12288: 11785: 10208: 9982: 9905: 9873: 9792: 9682: 9662: 9652: 9569: 9500: 8860: 7403: 6573: 5245:"CO2 emissions of nuclear power and renewable energies: a statistical analysis of European and global data" 5107: 4787: 2467: 2327: 2266:

allows a building to use less heating and cooling energy to maintain a comfortable temperature. Installing

1810: 1078: 960: 8522: 6817: 5835: 5081: 2262:

Efficient energy use reduces the amount of energy required to provide products and services. For example,

1851:

and is the most common biofuel in Europe. However, research is underway on producing renewable fuels from

15294: 15273: 15241: 13764: 13362: 13238: 13151: 13123: 13080: 13045: 12883: 12710: 12648: 12473: 12377: 12263: 11731: 11431: 10965: 10955: 10479: 10389: 10367: 10140: 9863: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9818: 9752: 9742: 9732: 9727: 9712: 9687: 9584: 9579: 9419: 8678: 8566: 6703: 5442: 4351: 4347: 3924: 2923: 2421: 2287: 1868: 1752:

form. This new biomass can be used for biofuels. Biofuels have increased in popularity because of rising

1627: 1278: 1208: 956: 847: 786: 693: 591: 550: 381: 282: 6193: 898: 15314: 15299: 14828: 14429: 14414: 14376: 14137: 14014: 13720: 13659: 13072: 12931: 12610: 12128: 12085: 11937: 11225: 10935: 10707: 10524: 10213: 10145: 9972: 9951: 9910: 9895: 9858: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9802: 9787: 9747: 9737: 9677: 9627: 9622: 9551: 8302: 6973:"Energy justice & coastal communities: The case for Meaningful Marine Renewable Energy Development" 6577: 5544: 4428: 4382: 3657:

Bioenergy deals with the gathering, processing and use of biomasses grown in biological manufacturing,

3257: 2730: 2656: 2295: 2291: 2279: 1621: 1212: 711: 584: 467: 7561: 6972: 6054: 6016:"Welfare gains from international trade and renewable energy demand: Evidence from the OECD countries" 6015: 5976: 5937: 5898: 4869: 4588: 4461: 2579:). Some technologies provide only short-term energy storage, and others can be very long-term such as 15200: 14733: 14474: 14278: 13715: 13700: 13433: 13317: 13226: 12908: 12517: 12300: 10772: 10414: 10163: 9977: 9797: 9777: 9762: 9657: 9637: 9632: 9574: 9564: 9325: 9183: 8845: 8790: 8770: 8765: 7818: 6302: 3786: 3223: 3003: 2721:

stated that the total production was 5.7 billion barrels (910,000,000 m). In 1956, Geophysicist

2604: 2564: 2217: 2110:

shelter from humans and predators for some marine species. MRE devices can be an ideal home for many

1989: 1643: 1427: 948: 813: 805: 669: 627: 368:, meaning the efficiency of a process that converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier 347: 232: 155: 147: 9722: 6948: 4808: 4728:"Investigation: Revelations about Three Mile Island disaster raise doubts over nuclear plant safety" 3457:, along with the processing of nuclear fuel and disposal of radioactive waste, drawing from applied 2228:

can cope, just as it routinely backs up nonworking coal-fired and nuclear plants with working ones.

396:, and passenger-specific efficiency (vehicle efficiency) per passenger. The inefficient atmospheric 13705: 13649: 13418: 13403: 13377: 13293: 13156: 12998: 12898: 12810: 12019: 11905: 11865: 11677: 11308: 10910: 10830: 10802: 10722: 10434: 10036: 9604: 9254: 8598: 8352: 7339:"Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies" 3045: 3018: 2511: 2425: 2275: 2245: 1613: 1055: 800:(GHG) emissions per unit of energy generated. Since the 1970s, nuclear fuel has displaced about 64 638: 416: 228: 6153: 1981:(MW) of geothermal power is online in 24 countries in 2012. An additional 28 gigawatts of direct 1634:

through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible, and mostly import-independent resource, enhance

15251: 15125: 14182: 14174: 14125: 14076: 13996: 13881: 13876: 13428: 13413: 13398: 13061: 13028: 13003: 12617: 12394: 12200: 12123: 12080: 12063: 12024: 11947: 11016: 10975: 10945: 10940: 10797: 10561: 10556: 10493: 10010: 9476: 9414: 9399: 8795: 8775: 7259:"Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy: the 2020 State of the Science Report | Tethys" 4879: 4244: 3940: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3794: 3772: 3022: 2956: 2733:

In 2004, OPEC estimated, with substantial investments, it would nearly double oil output by 2025

2490: 2384: 2338: 1542: 1538: 1335: 951:

and four are at the largest nuclear station construction project in the world as of 2016, in the

825: 562: 545: 530: 274: 236: 12986: 8440: 7656: 6492: 4767: 2544:

to perform useful operation at a later time. A device that stores energy is sometimes called an

1069:

While many renewable energy projects are large-scale, renewable technologies are also suited to

127:

reduce the demand for energy development, and can have benefits to society with improvements to

14728: 14469: 14159: 14009: 13846: 13821: 13695: 13423: 13392: 13382: 13307: 12893: 12180: 11724: 11375: 11055: 10985: 10960: 10950: 10925: 10920: 10875: 10865: 10840: 10835: 10825: 10820: 10812: 10680: 10635: 10429: 10424: 10188: 8927: 8823: 8750: 8740: 8621: 8559: 8536:- International Energy Agency - Technology Collaboration Programme on Heatpumping Technologies. 8278: 7742: 6943: 4078: 3826: 3822: 3693: 3122: 2934: 2891: 2756: 2710: 2248:, which has been popular among North American consumers since its introduction in the mid-1990s 2152: 2047: 1974: 1814: 1473: 1243: 1039: 771: 537: 8448: 8142: 6415: 5811: 5082:"Worldwide First Reactor to Start Up in 2013, in China - World Nuclear Industry Status Report" 4045: 1159: 874:(2011) for energy sources was published and nuclear fission was found to be the least popular 15105: 14547: 14530: 14464: 14226: 14093: 14046: 14019: 13861: 13813: 13607: 13574: 13443: 13187: 12923: 12878: 12340: 12268: 12195: 12190: 12155: 11942: 11910: 11697: 11624: 11399: 11261: 11230: 11050: 10980: 10915: 10905: 10890: 10880: 10850: 10845: 10517: 10223: 10218: 10183: 10168: 10135: 10078: 10073: 8867: 8658: 8187: 8109: 6796: 6014:

Lu, Zhou; Gozgor, Giray; Mahalik, Mantu Kumar; Padhan, Hemachandra; Yan, Cheng (2022-08-01).

4647: 4066: 3928: 3738: 3480:

technologies will one day replace most fission reactors but this is still a research area of

3416: 3354: 3281: 3219: 3112: 2903: 2706: 2596: 1835:. Biodiesel can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a 1286: 1282: 1255: 1251: 1239: 1216: 1182: 843: 835: 790: 689: 309: 293: 9512: 8075: 7739:"Oak Ridge National Laboratory — Biomass, Solving the science is only part of the challenge" 4169: 649:

from sustained nuclear fusion reactions, excluding natural fusion power sources such as the

15002: 14672: 14434: 14316: 14142: 14115: 14098: 14024: 13856: 13745: 13675: 13665: 13602: 13538: 13352: 13322: 13098: 12873: 12858: 12175: 12133: 11969: 11875: 11803: 11000: 10970: 10900: 10895: 10885: 10855: 10787: 10622: 10270: 10173: 10083: 10068: 9315: 9288: 9266: 9173: 9106: 8855: 8785: 8730: 8386:, IDEA/CDEA District Energy/CHP 2011 Conference, Toronto, pp. 1–30, retrieved 21 April 2013 8238:

Greening the Wind : Environmental and Social Considerations for Wind Power Development

7483: 7353: 6776: 6699: 5975:Østergaard, Poul Alberg; Duic, Neven; Noorollahi, Younes; Kalogirou, Soteris (2020-12-01). 5377: 5305: 5256: 5130: 4991: 4065:

Geothermal Energy Resources for Developing Countries. By D. Chandrasekharam, J. Bundschuh.

3640: 3558:

even if the climate changes in line with current predictions, as it relies solely on wind.

3396: 3265: 2813: 2545: 2253: 2179: 2035: 1947: 1771: 1589: 952: 665: 646: 124: 8530:- International Energy Agency - Energy Conservation through Energy Conservation programme. 7071: 4272: 3729:

pits that are insulated on top. Some types of storage are capable of storing heat or cold

762:(PRC), with the most recent nuclear power reactor, as of May 2013, to be connected to the 8: 15150: 15095: 15022: 14911: 14723: 14641: 14321: 14187: 13730: 13725: 13680: 13639: 13569: 13197: 13008: 12793: 12387: 12255: 12233: 12058: 11915: 11682: 11644: 11477: 11355: 11129: 11045: 10792: 10696: 10690: 10650: 10467: 10419: 10377: 10252: 10178: 10130: 10088: 10029: 9394: 9337: 9259: 9232: 8917: 8780: 8755: 7728:

Fuel Cell Materials Technology in Vehicular Propulsion: Report. National Academies, 1983.

5575: 5205: 4930: 4302: 3392: 3285: 3014: 2938: 2927: 2785: 2773: 2726: 2523: 2322: 2263: 2062: 1917: 1848: 1798:, derived from non-food sources, such as trees and grasses, is also being developed as a 1767: 1660: 1609: 1593: 1358: 1274: 1270: 1247: 1231: 986: 911: 623: 355: 320: 128: 120: 7487: 7357: 7196: 6780: 5309: 5260: 5222: 4995: 1176: 630:, provided about 5.7% of the world's energy and 13% of the world's electricity in 2012. 14997: 14419: 14029: 13929: 13787: 13530: 13519: 13483: 13438: 13408: 13177: 12913: 12750: 12677: 12488: 12138: 12108: 12092: 12075: 11719: 11609: 11557: 11507: 11454: 11183: 10777: 10685: 10203: 9374: 9342: 9178: 8469: 7689: 7507: 7377: 6527: 5400: 5007: 4976: 4851: 4631: 4320: 3898: 3804: 3446: 3131: 2750: 2417: 2372: 2355: 1982: 1597: 930: 793: 703: 681: 642: 587: 365: 278: 143: 14444: 8435:

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Marques Lameirinhas, Ricardo A.; N Torres, João Paulo; de Melo Cunha, João P. (2022).

5269: 5244: 4977:"A Comparative Analysis of Accident Risks in Fossil, Hydro, and Nuclear Energy Chains" 4839: 15145: 14273: 14248: 14051: 14036: 13595: 13472: 12245: 12038: 11925: 11900: 11838: 11795: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11472: 11345: 11303: 11209: 11109: 10740: 10486: 10455: 10110: 10006: 9483: 9276: 9101: 8962: 8922: 8892: 8877: 8850: 8760: 8663: 8603: 8593: 8258: 8115: 8081: 7693: 7511: 7499: 7446: 7369: 7334: 7317: 7216: 7128: 7076: 6994: 6915: 6874: 6614: 6556: 6508: 6472: 6313: 6074: 6035: 5996: 5957: 5936:

Akbas, Beste; Kocaman, Ayse Selin; Nock, Destenie; Trotter, Philipp A. (2022-03-01).

5918: 5879: 5610: 5333: 5274: 5011: 4843: 4735: 4706: 4532: 3902: 3876: 3612: 3567: 3462: 3422: 3412: 3261: 3145: 3035: 2913: 2799: 2452: 2271: 2175: 2171: 1955: 1943: 1913: 1880: 1035: 812:, that would have otherwise resulted from the burning of oil, coal or natural gas in 471: 401: 335: 5206:

April 20, 2016 Volume 55, Issue 15 Pages 4101-4362 In this issue:Uranium in Seawater

4855: 3545:

convert wind energy into electricity by connecting a spinning rotor to a generator.

2065:

is not a form of marine energy, as wind power is derived from the wind, even if the

1904:

generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is the energy that determines the

888: 392:

consumed. Weight-specific efficiency (efficiency per unit weight) may be stated for

223: 14972: 14693: 14296: 14214: 14132: 13970: 13851: 13690: 13644: 13611: 13585: 13559: 13509: 13493: 13347: 13342: 13312: 13093: 12148: 12113: 11870: 11860: 11748: 11736: 11577: 11572: 11562: 11552: 11547: 11350: 10735: 10582: 10299: 9435: 9409: 9404: 9384: 9369: 9210: 9200: 8980: 8907: 8643: 8523:

Hidden Health and Environmental Costs Of Energy Production and Consumption In U.S.

8465: 8250: 8242: 8055: 8033: 7684: 7679: 7671: 7491: 7438: 7381: 7361: 7208: 7118: 7108: 7066: 7020: 6984: 6953: 6784: 6674: 6645: 6604: 6066: 6027: 5988: 5949: 5910: 5871: 5323: 5313: 5264: 4999: 4835: 4696: 4614: 3733:(particularly if very large), and some storage applications require inclusion of a 3697: 3604: 3510: 3493: 3325:

deals with the fundamental laws of energy conversion and is drawn from theoretical

3305: 3301: 3207: 3173: 2971: 2947: 2832: 2764: 2679: 2612: 2600: 2552: 2303: 2267: 2225: 2185: 2070: 2001: 1951: 1809:

to increase octane and improve vehicle emissions. Bioethanol is widely used in the

1716: 1601: 1566: 1381: 1120: 1108: 1097: 1011: 926: 923: 863: 850:

halved its estimate of additional nuclear generating capacity to be built by 2035.

809: 735: 685: 554: 208: 159: 151: 104: 13454: 7054: 5813: 5812:

Data: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, and Ember Climate (3 November 2021).

2631:(which is made by the same process as fossil fuels) is a form of energy stored in 400:(burning) of fossil fuels in vehicles, buildings, and power plants contributes to 346:

consumes the most accessible fuel deposits. Extraction of fossil fuels results in

15205: 15195: 14937: 14688: 14577: 14503: 14306: 14301: 14231: 14199: 14110: 13826: 13710: 13685: 13553: 13543: 12991: 12951: 12405: 12219: 12143: 12118: 11964: 11757: 11659: 11649: 11614: 11492: 11482: 10409: 10404: 10362: 9464: 9445: 9359: 9126: 9041: 8897: 8887: 8872: 8830: 8735: 8685: 8636: 8405: 8383: 8234: 8043: 8019: 7979: 7954: 7874: 7851: 7848: 7829: 7825: 7598: 7432: 6897: 6754: 6678: 6534: 6479: 6379: 6361: 6200: 6160: 5992: 5914: 5875: 5493: 4794: 4700: 4683: 4665: 4654: 4643: 4327: 4309: 4251: 4143: 4115: 3481: 3473: 3458: 3454: 3297: 3087: 2808: 2722: 2691: 2556: 2432: 2411: 2403: 2376: 2213: 2139: 2135: 2099: 2090: 2086: 1909: 1840: 1757: 1735:

conversion (biomass refers to recently living organisms, most often referring to

1720: 1712: 1631: 1526: 1043: 763: 616:. Fission of uranium produces nearly all economically significant nuclear power. 605: 558: 459: 439: 377: 361: 339: 181: 177: 139: 80: 55:

Please help update this to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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Fridleifsson, Ingvar (2001). "Geothermal energy for the benefit of the people".

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Bridge, Gavin; Bouzarovski, Stefan; Bradshaw, Michael; Eyre, Nick (2013-02-01).

6031: 5401:"Late lessons from early warnings: science, precaution, innovation: Full Report" 3959: 158:, comprising alternative and sustainable manufacture, distribution, and sale of 72: 15042: 14962: 14952: 14942: 14883: 14858: 14567: 14508: 14439: 14326: 14311: 14120: 14058: 13803: 13634: 13616: 13387: 13367: 13332: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12686: 12593: 12562: 12544: 12068: 11974: 11920: 11885: 11818: 11765: 11619: 11512: 11497: 11487: 11083: 10768: 10675: 10384: 10372: 10321: 9440: 9389: 9364: 9168: 9133: 9066: 9056: 8972: 8952: 8947: 8932: 8902: 8882: 8840: 8818: 8800: 8700: 8690: 8626: 8425: 7617: 7040:

Unlocking the potential of marine energy using hydrogen generation technologies

6989: 5953: 5731: 3985: 3586: 3529: 3322: 3317: 3277: 3269: 3231: 3213: 3083: 3053: 3010: 2876: 2760: 2709:, the question of the future of energy supplies has been of interest. In 1865, 2683: 2620: 2572: 2531: 2463: 2436: 2428: 2368: 2333:

While new sources of energy are only rarely discovered or made possible by new

2158: 2078: 2043: 1993: 1901: 1864: 1635: 1139: 1136: 839: 797: 455: 451: 435: 420: 373: 305: 300: 12966: 8246: 7096: 7024: 5977:"Latest progress in Sustainable Development using renewable energy technology" 5003: 1885: 1301: 730:

has caused a greater number of fatalities per unit of energy generated due to

15288: 15110: 15067: 15032: 14661: 14542: 14515: 14449: 13841: 13372: 13337: 13131: 12422: 11828: 11669: 11266: 11124: 11119: 11114: 10763: 10745: 10665: 10640: 10498: 10352: 10193: 9488: 9347: 9307: 9271: 9227: 9153: 9116: 9034: 8957: 8725: 8720: 8673: 8653: 7947: 7220: 7132: 7080: 6998: 6767:

Lay T., Hernlund J., Buffett B. A. (2008). "Core–mantle boundary heat flow".

6618: 6078: 6039: 6000: 5961: 5922: 5883: 5634: 5278: 4809:"Deadliest radiation accidents and other events causing radiation casualties" 3814: 3758: 3717: 3713: 3636: 3450: 3439: 3408: 3384: 3155: 3104: 3048:, and economical extraction, conversion, transportation, storage, and use of 2960: 2790: 2769: 2459: 2444: 2131: 2106: 2013: 1970: 1828: 1806: 1605: 1047: 902:

Low global public support for nuclear fission in the aftermath of Fukushima (

867: 731: 601: 502: 185: 108: 8420:

Armstrong, Robert C., Catherine Wolfram, Robert Gross, Nathan S. Lewis, and

7675: 7495: 7365: 7212: 7146: 7012: 5328: 5037:"Two years on, America hasn't learned lessons of Fukushima nuclear disaster" 3581: 3253:

High-voltage lines for the long distance transportation of electrical energy

2741: 2599:

stores readily convertible chemical energy to operate a mobile phone, and a

1847:

from diesel-powered vehicles. Biodiesel is produced from oils or fats using

315: 15170: 15100: 14992: 14982: 14977: 14967: 14957: 14843: 14823: 14768: 14552: 14520: 14459: 14356: 14258: 14164: 14041: 13975: 13735: 13654: 13262: 12697: 11833: 11775: 11702: 11654: 11524: 11324: 11287: 11163: 11155: 11093: 10655: 10540: 10394: 10155: 10093: 9244: 9188: 9138: 9121: 8942: 8715: 8648: 8519:- a wiki about renewable energies in the context of development cooperation 7894: 7877: 7762:"Oil Price Leap in the Early Nineties," Noroil, December 1989, pages 35–38. 7503: 7373: 7314:

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA

6449:"Drilling Down: What Projects Made 2008 Such a Banner Year for Wind Power?" 6055:"Geographies of energy transition: Space, place and the low-carbon economy" 5728:"China Builds Nuclear Reactor for 40% Less Than Cost in France, Areva Says" 5420:"Fukushima Retiree Leads Anti-Nuclear Shareholders at Tepco Annual Meeting" 5337: 4847: 4563:. Information Services, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Archived from 3890: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3525: 3503: 3477: 3187: 3159: 2979: 2885: 2803: 2699: 2580: 2440: 2334: 2240: 2221: 2066: 1859: 1775: 1694: 1617: 1562: 1504: 1297: 1196: 1089: 967:

and France) are significantly behind schedule and substantially over cost.

919: 789:

method of producing electricity, with an analysis of the literature on its

487: 463: 447: 351: 324: 292:

The use of fossil fuels in the 18th and 19th century set the stage for the

286: 7307:"Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation" 6971:

Caballero, Mariah D.; Gunda, Thushara; McDonald, Yolanda J. (2023-09-01).

6634:"A photovoltaic technology review: History, fundamentals and applications" 5154:"Nuclear Plants, Old and Uncompetitive, Are Closing Earlier Than Expected" 4826:

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into the atmosphere. The fossil fuels are mainly carbon compounds. During

190: 15140: 15062: 15012: 14833: 14803: 14748: 14738: 14424: 14103: 14086: 14004: 13866: 13836: 13831: 13670: 13108: 12755: 12345: 11852: 11823: 11329: 11150: 10701: 10613: 10598: 10235: 9249: 9215: 9089: 9079: 9022: 9005: 8990: 8937: 8835: 8421: 8012: 7999: 7965: 6788: 6609: 6592: 5814:"Electricity consumption from fossil fuels, nuclear and renewables, 2020" 5704: 4245:"Fossil-Fuel Subsidies Hurting Global Environment, Security, Study Finds" 3914: 3894: 3666: 3658: 3608: 3380: 3370: 3293: 3273: 3249: 3179: 3165: 3135: 3127: 3038: 2991: 2983: 2975: 2866: 2844: 2671: 2667: 2624: 2568: 2560: 2209: 2193: 2134:

because they feed on those species. Similarly, such areas may create an "

2061:, i.e. obtained from the kinetic energy of large bodies of moving water. 2058: 1966: 1962: 1905: 1844: 1836: 1585: 1581: 1532: 1143: 1027: 723: 613: 415:

by an estimated $ 500 billion a year. Fossil fuels are also a source of

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Climate Change: The Science, Impacts and Solutions. Edited by A. Pittock

7434:

Electricity from Renewable Resources: Status, Prospects, and Impediments

7123: 6631: 4564: 15190: 15057: 15047: 14813: 14651: 14557: 12461: 11271: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11173: 11168: 10782: 10712: 10645: 10399: 10230: 10060: 10052: 9283: 9205: 9143: 9111: 9051: 8745: 8533: 8485:

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects

8059: 8037: 6650: 6633: 6493:"CEZ Group - The Largest Wind Farm in Europe Goes Into Trial Operation" 3799: 3734: 3702: 3689: 3678: 3598: 3537: 3362: 3358: 3289: 3201: 3116: 3100: 2995: 2987: 2817: 2540:

Energy storage is accomplished by devices or physical media that store

2479: 2471: 2448: 2197: 2189: 2054: 2023: 1832: 1763: 1753: 1728: 1698: 1203:, which creates electricity. Wind towers are usually built together on 1192: 1124: 1112: 1051: 1038:. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: 1031: 727: 577: 498: 431: 397: 389: 200: 116: 8254: 8141:

Propulsion Techniques: Action and Reaction edited by Peter J. Turchi.

6194:

Global wind energy markets continue to boom – 2006 another record year

6133: 5318: 5293: 5177:"Uranium Seawater Extraction Makes Nuclear Power Completely Renewable" 3342: 2623:

in the form of latent heat) at night to meet peak demand for cooling.

2470:

provides a realtime overview of the electricity supply and demand for

637:

report that there are 437 operational nuclear power reactors, in

312:. Fossil fuels are currently economical for decentralized energy use. 15185: 14916: 14863: 14808: 14798: 14708: 14656: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14562: 14243: 13871: 13798: 13756: 13740: 13463: 13103: 12466: 12456: 11584: 11537: 11502: 11423: 11178: 10730: 10240: 10122: 9293: 9220: 9094: 9074: 9046: 8985: 7235:"Ocean energy: An important ally in the fight against climate change" 6264: 5640: 4629:

In February 2010 the nuclear power debate played out on the pages of

4407: 3910: 3906: 3681:

can be had from these technologies and used to generate electricity.

3652: 3628: 3624: 3466: 3374: 3350: 3197: 3141: 3092: 2695: 2608: 2364: 2342: 1978: 1824: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1677: 1639: 1204: 719: 427: 266: 12961: 10604: 8542:- International Energy Agency - Solar Heating and Cooling programme. 8235:

Ledec, George C.; Rapp, Kennan W.; Aiello, Roberto G. (2011-12-01).

4610: 3766: 2643: 2042:

The movement of water in the world's oceans creates a vast store of

1946:

and continual heat loss from Earth's formation. Temperatures at the

1912:

originates from the original formation of the planet (20%) and from

645:

in operation, powered by some 180 reactors. As of 2013, attaining a

15180: 15160: 15155: 15135: 15130: 14906: 14896: 14818: 14753: 14525: 14253: 14209: 14204: 14068: 13192: 12835: 12830: 12770: 12439: 12367: 12350: 12335: 12310: 12053: 11542: 10306: 10105: 9029: 9010: 8995: 8695: 8236: 7442: 7197:"Evaluating the resilience benefits of marine energy in microgrids" 6821: 5600: 4035:

International Energy Agency: Key World Energy Statistics 2007. S. 6

3674: 3662: 3434: 3169: 3108: 3060: 2999: 2952: 2942: 2632: 2584: 2576: 2388: 2380: 2274:

reduces the amount of energy required for illumination compared to

2123: 2119: 2115: 2031: 1821:

portion of plant raw materials to fuel components by fermentation.

1803: 1569: 1321: 1294: 1220: 1128: 1094: 1015: 944: 796:

finding that it is similar to renewable sources in a comparison of

408: 248: 103:

from natural resources. These activities include the production of

6766: 6593:"Solar energy technology and its roles in sustainable development" 5443:"Japan anti-nuclear protesters rally after PM call to close plant" 4198: 4089:

India s Energy Security. Edited by Ligia Noronha, Anant Sudarshan.

3737:. Latent heat is typically stored in ice tanks or what are called 3387:

through sundry mechanical, thermal and chemical cleaning methods.

947:

presently under construction worldwide, two are in S.Korea at the

14848: 14838: 14718: 14713: 14628: 13564: 13161: 13113: 12976: 12956: 12355: 12330: 11770: 11601: 11589: 11567: 11532: 10316: 10293: 10288: 9163: 8705: 8512:

Bureau of Land Management 2012 Renewable Energy Priority Projects

7893: 6890: 6178: 5974: 4949: 4623: 3752: 3670: 3632: 3590: 3326: 3304:

over networks have meaningful sway on overall energy efficiency.

3079: 3041: 2848: 2588: 2127: 2094: 1894: 1732: 1656: 964: 801: 491: 483: 475: 393: 88: 10450: 8455: 7401: 5487:

Ipsos MORI: Poll: Strong global opposition towards nuclear power

4908:"How Deadly is Your Kilowatt? We Rank the Killer Energy Sources" 4321:

How much electricity does a typical nuclear power plant generate

3403:

technology deals with the design, construction and operation of

1687: 384:

is the energy efficiency of a particular vehicle, is given as a

15165: 15052: 15037: 15027: 14987: 14901: 12765: 12760: 12740: 12720: 12705: 12588: 12325: 12305: 12273: 10509: 10331: 10326: 10311: 10198: 8710: 8631: 8582: 8040: 7194: 5356:"IAEA Head Sees Wide Support for Stricter Nuclear Plant Safety" 4912: 4404:"World Nuclear Power Reactors 2007-08 and Uranium Requirements" 4010: 3696:

are classes of technologies that can enable the utilization of

3620: 3411:(also used in nuclear power generation, see below), drawn from 3400: 3366: 3227: 3151: 3049: 2541: 2451:

can interfere with transmissions. Grids also have a predefined

2077:

commercialize. Canada and China introduced incentives, such as

1818: 1783: 1745: 1736: 1724: 1200: 775: 100: 4677:

U.S. Energy Legislation May Be 'Renaissance' for Nuclear Power

3222:, for studying the effect of energy use and production on the 2816:

have pointed out, advancements associated with the developing

2371:, or road. Petroleum and natural gas may also be delivered by 14947: 14921: 14891: 14853: 14793: 14788: 14783: 13182: 13139: 12802: 12658: 12451: 12315: 10021: 9542: 8279:"How Geothermal Energy Works | Union of Concerned Scientists" 7664:

The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics

6291: 6165: 6052: 5417: 4586: 3549:

draw energy from atmospheric currents and are designed using

3404: 3193: 2687: 2515: 2506: 2475: 1787: 1779: 1741: 1670: 1070: 903: 871: 385: 8516: 7055:"The current state on China's marine energy industry policy" 5938:"Rural electrification: An overview of optimization methods" 5782:"Renewable Energy Market Update / Outlook for 2021 and 2022" 5767:. International Energy Agency (IEA). June 2023. p. 19. 4378: 4044:

Energy Security and Climate Policy: Assessing Interactions.

3521: 3059:

For people, energy is an overwhelming need, and as a scarce

3052:, targeted towards yielding high efficiency whilst skirting 2895:

Increasing share of energy consumption by developing nations

2820:

would facilitate the ability of the grid to absorb vehicles

15175: 15115: 14868: 14346: 12663: 12552: 12362: 12320: 9084: 9017: 9000: 8668: 8527: 7534: 5896: 5836:"Modern renewables – SDG7: Data and Projections – Analysis" 5398: 3855:

Energy Industry Liberalization and Privatization (Thailand)

3183: 3096: 2857: 2648: 2628: 2360: 2111: 2027: 1921: 1817:. Current plant design does not provide for converting the 1708: 1604:, and its technologies are broadly characterized as either 1573: 1293:. The two largest offshore wind farm are currently the 630 1023: 1019: 755: 715: 609: 479: 443: 369: 258: 99:

is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of

8539: 7093: 6860:

Sources, Luebeck, Germany, pp. 59–80, retrieved 2009-04-06

5758:"Renewable Energy Market Update Outlook for 2023 and 2024" 5353: 1973:

since ancient Roman times, but it is now better known for

1620:

or light-dispersing properties, and designing spaces that

289:

and allow solar energy stored in the fuel to be released.

15007: 14873: 14646: 12636: 12500: 10577: 8551: 7430: 6664: 6154:

Renewables 2011 Global Status Report, page 25, Hydropower

5820:. Our World in Data consolidated data from BP and Ember. 4811:. Database of Radiological Incidents and Related Events. 3616: 2675: 2093:. Both countries are focusing on solar and offshore wind 1749: 1577: 819: 650: 454:. Other emissions from fossil fuel power station include 5725: 5020:

cancer deaths, such as cancer with other energy sources

4118:- American Security Project. americansecurityproject.org 2208:

Critics of the "100% renewable energy" approach include

1580:

that is harnessed using a range of technologies such as

1195:

harnesses the power of the wind to propel the blades of

746:

cancer deaths, such as cancer with other energy sources

529:

American nuclear powered ships,(top to bottom) cruisers

14636: 6871:

Geothermal Energy: Renewable Energy and the Environment

5935: 5108:"U.S. approves first new nuclear plant in a generation" 4406:. World Nuclear Association. 2008-06-09. Archived from 2050:

electricity to power homes, transport, and industries.

450:. The carbon dioxide is the main contributor to recent 426:

The combustion of fossil fuels leads to the release of

8492:

Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning and Policy

8111:

Yearbook on Space Policy 2008/2009: Setting New Trends

7059:

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

6970: 6836:"Geothermal capacity | About BP | BP Global" 4330:? - FAQ - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) 3476:

is of worldwide importance. There are high hopes that

2443:, often due to weather damage. During certain extreme 7530:"What It Would Really Take to Reverse Climate Change" 6013: 5726:

Patel, Tara; Francois de Beaupuy (24 November 2010).

2836:

Outlook—World Energy Consumption by Fuel (as of 2011)

2046:

or energy in motion. This energy can be harnessed to

985:

Renewable energy capacity has steadily grown, led by

299:

Fossil fuels make up the bulk of the world's current

15237:

International Association of Oil & Gas Producers

6544: 6542: 6127: 5791:. International Energy Agency. May 2021. p. 8. 4273:"Environmental impacts of coal power: air pollution" 3881:

Timeline of sustainable energy research 2020–present

3748: 2951:. Modeling approaches offer ways to analyze diverse 1965:, geothermal energy has been used for bathing since 8548:- Solar District Heating Platform. (European Union) 8441:

Renewable Energy for a Clean and Sustainable Future

7792:"Energy independence and security: A reality check" 7587:

Obstacles to Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

7333: 6555:. International Energy Agency. 2011. Archived from 4862: 4545:

As of 2001, about 235 naval reactors had been built

2165:has grown much faster than anyone anticipated. The 2161:and other ecological as well as economic concerns. 2089:, which is fundamental to meeting the goals of the 12186:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future 8073: 6334:"This page has been removed - News - The Guardian" 5543: 5462: 5460: 5370: 5291: 5060:"Report Finds Japan Underestimated Tsunami Danger" 4945:"Nuclear power 'cheaper, safer' than coal and gas" 4825: 3716:(i.e. by changing the temperature of a medium) or 6539: 6172: 6130:"Use and Capacity of Global Hydropower Increases" 5805: 5536:"Nuclear: New dawn now seems limited to the east" 5034: 5028: 4942: 4819: 4483:"Nuclear-Powered Ships | Nuclear Submarines" 3349:Thermal and chemical energy are intertwined with 3264:, which can entail the study of machines such as 692:contend that nuclear power poses many threats to 15286: 7819:Brittle Power: Energy Plan for National Security 6696:"Biofuels Make a Comeback Despite Tough Economy" 6690: 6688: 6625: 5418:Tomoko Yamazaki; Shunichi Ozasa (27 June 2011). 5399:European Environment Agency (January 23, 2013). 4806: 4695: 4587:Union-Tribune Editorial Board (March 27, 2011). 3603:Hydropower draws mechanical energy from rivers, 2593:storage of heat or cold between opposing seasons 1954:to behave plastically, resulting in portions of 1908:of matter. The geothermal energy of the Earth's 8107: 8067: 7966:Mandil, C. (2008) "Our energy for the future". 5667:"UAE's fourth power reactor under construction" 5457: 2998:. The peaking of world hydrocarbon production ( 1119:hydroelectricity plants larger than 10 GW: the 8452:, UIC Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper 57 (2004). 6591:Maka, Ali O M; Alabid, Jamal M (1 June 2022). 6550:"Solar Energy Perspectives: Executive Summary" 5860:"Renewable energy for sustainable development" 5641:Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2011). 5354:Sylvia Westall; Fredrik Dahl (June 24, 2011). 5349: 5347: 5057: 5051: 4974: 3332: 2235: 1711:that contains energy from geologically recent 834:, which occurred in a reactor design from the 165: 13772: 13278: 12889:Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR) 11439: 10525: 10037: 9528: 8567: 7298: 7171:"Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS)" 6685: 5560: 5105: 4788:Strengthening the Safety of Radiation Sources 4670: 4234: 2458:Industrialised countries such as Canada, the 2367:and their derivatives are delivered by boat, 1996:if widely deployed in place of fossil fuels. 13292: 8101: 7618:https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050 7604:Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy 7469: 7437:. National Academies of Science. p. 4. 6933: 6801:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6725:"Technology Roadmap, Biofuels for Transport" 6513:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6394:"Suzlon creates country's largest wind park" 6286: 6284: 6282: 5151: 5084:. Worldnuclearreport.org. 18 February 2013. 4968: 4800: 2824:connecting to it to charge their batteries. 2232:below the fossil fuel projections for 2050. 1924:from the core to the surface. The adjective 7562:"Philips Tornado Asian Compact Fluorescent" 7402:Mark A. Delucchi; Mark Z. Jacobson (2011). 6443: 6441: 6391: 6355:Spain Renewable Energy and High Penetration 6318:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5527: 5510: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5344: 5128: 5122: 4754: 4752: 4620:, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Dec., 1977), pp. 467-468. 4373: 4371: 3216:, for energy-saving transportation systems. 3070: 2485: 2341:technology continually evolves. The use of 1839:additive to reduce levels of particulates, 653:, remains an ongoing area of international 13779: 13765: 13285: 13271: 11446: 11432: 10532: 10518: 10044: 10030: 9535: 9521: 8574: 8560: 7395: 6590: 6179:The World Wind Energy Association (2014). 6147: 5749: 5574:. NERA Economic Consulting. Archived from 5566: 5440: 5236: 4936: 4220:"Has the World Already Passed "Peak Oil"?" 3130:, often for fluid energy machines such as 2216:. Smil and Hansen are concerned about the 770:in the PRC. In the United States, two new 590:on a joint scientific expedition with the 142:. The conventional industry comprises the 9544:Renewable energy by country and territory 8013:Peak Oil: the threat to our food security 7771:Opec Oil Outlook to 2025 Table 4, Page 12 7683: 7616:IEA (2021), Net Zero by 2050, IEA, Paris 7281: 7122: 7112: 7070: 6988: 6947: 6649: 6608: 6528:AWEA: U.S. Wind Energy Projects – Indiana 6385: 6279: 6123: 6121: 6119: 5533: 5327: 5317: 5268: 4603: 4168:. Rigzone.com. 2006-04-13. Archived from 3960:"2023 Statistical Review of World Energy" 3244: 2955:, and hopefully find a road to rapid and 2349: 2167:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 866:, that displaced 50,000 households after 13378:Environmentally healthy community design 12801: 7899:"An Electric Plan for Energy Resilience" 6977:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 6936:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 6438: 6366: 5942:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 5593: 5499: 4749: 4543:Naval Nuclear Propulsion, Magdi Ragheb. 4368: 3684: 3580: 3520: 3497: 3433: 3336: 3248: 3056:on humans, nature, and the environment. 2890: 2831: 2740: 2642: 2505: 2398: 2394: 2321: 2239: 2146: 2053:The term marine energy encompasses both 1884: 1088: 980: 897: 887: 314: 222: 189: 138:Thousands of people are employed in the 87: 79: 71: 14699:China National Offshore Oil Corporation 7463: 7327: 7284:"100 Percent Renewable Vision Building" 7042:. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 7037: 6909: 6741: 6473:AWEA: U.S. Wind Energy Projects – Texas 6296:"Renewables 2011: Global Status Report" 6215: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6093:"Renewables 2016: Global Status Report" 5145: 4807:Johnston, Robert (September 23, 2007). 4719: 4611:Review of The Nuclear Power Controversy 4599:from the original on November 19, 2011. 4549: 3383:purification technology aims to lessen 3044:having to do with the efficient, safe, 2793:: Energy Strategy for National Security 2725:deduces that U.S. oil production would 2698:explosions before the formation of the 1199:. These turbines cause the rotation of 1127:across the Brazil/Paraguay border, and 115:derived sources of energy, and for the 27:Methods bringing energy into production 14: 15287: 14573:Unconventional (oil and gas) reservoir 14332:2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war 13786: 12816:Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR) 11453: 11089:Financial incentives for photovoltaics 9194:Integrated gasification combined cycle 7897:and Robert Burgelman (December 2008). 7712:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7657:"Evaluating renewable energy policies" 6757:. Ucsusa.org. Retrieved on 2013-04-24. 6468: 6466: 6116: 5677:from the original on 16 September 2017 5643:"The Future of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle" 5242: 5221:. Nrel.gov. 2013-01-24. Archived from 5164:from the original on January 26, 2017. 5070:from the original on February 5, 2017. 4872:Sustainable Energy without the hot air 4815:from the original on October 23, 2007. 4537:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4303:There Is No Such Thing as "Clean Coal" 3506:) panels at a military base in the US. 2647:Energy generators past and present at 820:Nuclear power phase-out and pull-backs 680:contend that nuclear power is a safe, 618:Radioisotope thermoelectric generators 13760: 13266: 13058: 12821:Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) 12230: 12217: 11427: 10513: 10025: 9516: 9238:Radioisotope thermoelectric generator 8913:Quantum chromodynamics binding energy 8555: 8499:International Journal of Green Energy 7542:from the original on 24 November 2016 7275: 6853: 6290: 6169:, published 2011, accessed 2011-11-7. 6128:Worldwatch Institute (January 2012). 5824:from the original on 3 November 2021. 5738:from the original on 28 November 2010 5719: 5607:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 5466: 5047:from the original on 2 February 2017. 4888:from the original on 2 September 2012 4429:"Japan approves two reactor restarts" 4195:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 3677:(both controversial) or hydrogen for 3627:and manage coastal resources through 3260:deals with the production and use of 3148:energy and exploration for resources. 3013:'s economic activity and the related 2827: 2784:Some observers contend that idea of " 2057:, i.e. power from surface waves, and 1503:These paragraphs are an excerpt from 766:, occurring on February 17, 2013, in 285:. These fossil fuels are part of the 14704:China National Petroleum Corporation 13245: 12218: 11406: 10474: 9471: 7901:. McKinsey Quarterly. Archived from 7654: 7424: 7413:. Elsevier Ltd. pp. 1170–1190. 7304: 7294:from the original on 6 October 2014. 6404:from the original on 1 October 2012. 6206: 6187: 5798:from the original on 25 March 2023. 5392: 5388:from the original on 31 August 2012. 5099: 4984:Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 4283:from the original on 15 January 2008 3869:Interseasonal thermal energy storage 3373:along with their energy efficiency, 3308:is also widely used and researched. 3029: 2745:Energy consumption from 1989 to 1999 2406:– pylons and cables distribute power 1891:Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Station 1510: 970: 877: 678:Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy 154:. New energy industries include the 35: 12826:Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR) 9495: 9380:World energy supply and consumption 8398:Integrating Solar & Heat Pumps. 8074:Joan Lisa Bromberg (October 2000). 7842:"The Fragility of Domestic Energy." 7352:(5686). Science Vol. 305: 968–972. 7201:International Marine Energy Journal 6521: 6484: 6463: 6426:from the original on 5 January 2016 5774:from the original on 11 July 2023. 5755:Source for data beginning in 2017: 5366:from the original on June 25, 2011. 5035:Richard Schiffman (12 March 2013). 4781: 4725: 4396: 3835:Energy policy of the United Kingdom 3831:Energy policy of the European Union 3724:(Alberta, Canada) is illustrative. 3639:spun by flowing water can power an 3487: 2536:List of energy storage power plants 2466:maintenance is becoming a problem. 2188:says producing all new energy with 2138:" by boosting biodiversity nearby. 1279:world's largest offshore wind farms 1084: 1077:, where energy is often crucial in 172:World energy supply and consumption 76:World consumption by source in 2022 24: 14764:National Iranian South Oil Company 14480:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin 13515:waste-water treatment technologies 12635: 11786:Positron-emission tomography (PET) 8470:10.1016/j.technovation.2009.01.003 8353:"Where is Geothermal Energy Used?" 8326: 8048:Energy & Environmental Science 7431:National Research Council (2010). 7052: 6815: 5430:from the original on 30 June 2011. 5407:from the original on May 17, 2013. 5249:The European Physical Journal Plus 5187:from the original on 24 April 2018 5118:from the original on July 1, 2017. 5106:Ayesha Rascoe (February 9, 2012). 4648:Revisiting Nuclear Power: A Debate 4341:"Key World Energy Statistics 2012" 3819:Energy policy of the United States 2083:public-private partnerships (PPPs) 1646:.... these advantages are global". 1263:world's largest onshore wind farms 977:Renewable energy commercialization 893:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster 860:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster 832:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident 708:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster 388:of distance travelled per unit of 25: 15326: 15232:Intercontinental Exchange Futures 15121:Chicago Bridge & Iron Company 14774:Oil & Gas Development Company 13500:agricultural wastewater treatment 11809:Neutron capture therapy of cancer 11708:Radioisotope thermoelectric (RTG) 11200:Building-integrated photovoltaics 8505: 8444:, Energy Sources 26, 1119 (2004). 8108:Kai-Uwe Schrogl (2 August 2010). 7948:International Energy Outlook 2004 7944:Energy Information Administration 7470:Amory Lovins (March–April 2012). 5517:Nuclear Engineering International 5174: 5141:from the original on 5 July 2013. 5135:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 4929:with Chernobyl's total predicted 4637:A Reasonable Bet on Nuclear Power 4577:- Projected fusion power timeline 4460:. EngineersGarage. Archived from 3851:Energy policy of the Soviet Union 3429: 3311: 2937:hypothesis. Numerous are complex 2736: 2651:, Belgium: 17th-century windmill 2126:; and may also indirectly affect 1942:is thermal energy generated from 884:Economics of nuclear power plants 338:on imported fossil fuels creates 15269: 15268: 13453: 13244: 13233: 13232: 13220: 12909:Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) 11405: 11394: 11393: 10603: 10597: 10591: 10539: 10485: 10473: 10462: 10461: 10449: 10005: 9996: 9995: 9560:Democratic Republic of the Congo 9494: 9482: 9470: 9459: 9458: 8449:Energy analysis of Power Systems 8389: 8369: 8345: 8320: 8295: 8271: 8228: 8204: 8180: 8156: 8147: 8135: 8025: 8006: 7984: 7959: 7936: 7927: 7916: 7887: 7861: 7835: 7812: 7784: 7774: 7765: 7756: 7731: 7722: 7700: 7648: 7623: 7610: 7592: 7579: 7554: 7522: 7518:from the original on 2012-07-07. 7459:from the original on 2014-03-27. 7420:from the original on 2012-06-16. 7391:from the original on 2015-08-12. 7251: 7227: 7188: 7163: 7139: 7087: 7046: 7031: 7005: 6964: 6927: 6903: 6884: 6863: 6828: 6818:"Geothermal heating and cooling" 6809: 6760: 6737:from the original on 2014-07-22. 6717: 6658: 6503:from the original on 2015-07-01. 6459:from the original on 2011-07-15. 6344:from the original on 2017-02-26. 5779:● Source for data through 2016: 5655:from the original on 2011-06-01. 5511:Kidd, Steve (January 21, 2011). 5453:from the original on 7 May 2011. 5131:"Nuclear aging: Not so graceful" 4943:Brendan Nicholson (2006-06-05). 3779: 3765: 3751: 2498:profitability of such a scheme. 2290:, improved energy efficiency in 1928:originates from the Greek roots 1715:. These fuels are produced from 1686: 1669: 1515: 1482: 1459: 1436: 1413: 1390: 1367: 1344: 1175: 1158: 997: 576: 553:, and the first nuclear-powered 522: 146:, the natural gas industry, the 119:that would otherwise be wasted. 40: 14779:Oil and Natural Gas Corporation 13581:List of energy storage projects 13505:industrial wastewater treatment 13358:Environmental impact assessment 13328:Environmental impact assessment 11998:Historical stockpiles and tests 8377:"Drake Landing Solar Community" 7655:Ross, Cullen (26 August 2016). 7568:from the original on 2012-08-04 7072:10.1088/1755-1315/1171/1/012025 6842:from the original on 2013-10-06 6584: 6566: 6408: 6348: 6326: 6253: 6234:. February 2011. Archived from 6221:"World Wind Energy Report 2010" 6105:from the original on 2017-05-25 6085: 6046: 6007: 5968: 5929: 5890: 5852: 5828: 5689: 5659: 5623:from the original on 2017-05-18 5534:Ed Crooks (12 September 2010). 5434: 5411: 5285: 5270:10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01508-7 5211: 5199: 5168: 5088:from the original on 2013-06-02 5074: 5058:Martin Fackler (June 1, 2011). 4957:from the original on 2008-02-08 4920:from the original on 2012-06-10 4900: 4689: 4618:The Quarterly Review of Biology 4580: 4500: 4489:from the original on 2013-06-12 4475: 4450: 4439:from the original on 2013-09-27 4421: 4385:from the original on 2013-06-02 4333: 4314: 4295: 4265: 4256: 4212: 4183: 4158: 4149: 4130: 4121: 4102: 4092: 3937:Ocean thermal energy conversion 3873:Geomagnetically induced current 3865:Seasonal thermal energy storage 3726:borehole thermal energy storage 3561: 2763:of energy use and development. 2666:Except nuclear, geothermal and 2551:All forms of energy are either 2520:Pumped-storage hydroelectricity 2317: 1600:. It is an essential source of 1405:Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center 1111:is electric power generated by 423:if consumption is not reduced. 407:Conventional production of oil 218: 15247:Society of Petroleum Engineers 15018:Port Harcourt Refining Company 14684:Abu Dhabi National Oil Company 12899:Energy Multiplier Module (EM2) 11781:Single-photon emission (SPECT) 10051: 5152:Matthew Wald (June 14, 2013). 4732:Institute for Southern Studies 4083: 4071: 4059: 4050: 4038: 4029: 4003: 3978: 3952: 2970:Between 1950 and 1984, as the 1693:Information on pump regarding 505:of electrical power per year. 237:burns natural gas in a turbine 84:Yearly production by continent 13: 1: 14193:Production sharing agreements 13227:Nuclear technology portal 11205:Passive solar building design 10631:Passive solar building design 10358:Blade element momentum theory 8395:Wong B., Thornton J. (2013). 6958:10.1016/S1364-0321(01)00002-8 6869:Glassley, William E. (2010). 6263:. eirgrid.com. Archived from 6232:World Wind Energy Association 4840:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61253-7 4760:"The Worst Nuclear Disasters" 4659:A Comeback for Nuclear Power? 4277:Union of Concerned Scientists 4191:"Heat Island Group Home Page" 3946: 3933:List of natural gas pipelines 3722:Drake Landing Solar Community 3712:, and can involve storage of 3576: 3516: 2779: 2220:of solar and wind power, but 2036:ocean temperature differences 2020:Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) 1874: 1226:Wind power is widely used in 1166:Burbo Bank Offshore Wind Farm 768:Hongyanhe Nuclear Power Plant 754:As of 2012, according to the 700:Nuclear power plant accidents 32:Outline of energy development 15227:Canadian petroleum companies 15222:American Petroleum Institute 14759:National Iranian Oil Company 14744:Kuwait Petroleum Corporation 13089:Field-reversed configuration 12699:Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz 10348:2020s in wind power research 8438:Bilgen, S. and K. Kaygusuz, 8375:Wong, Bill (June 28, 2011), 8188:"How Do Wind Turbines Work?" 8164:"The West's Nuclear Mistake" 7832:and L. Hunter Lovins (1982). 7472:"A Farewell to Fossil Fuels" 7316:. p. 17. Archived from 6702:. 2011-08-31. Archived from 6679:10.1016/j.cattod.2014.12.004 6420:www.renewableenergyworld.com 5993:10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.124 5915:10.1016/j.energy.2020.118162 5876:10.1016/j.renene.2022.09.065 5567:Edward Kee (16 March 2012). 5513:"New reactors—more or less?" 5129:Mark Cooper (18 June 2013). 4766:. 2009-03-25. Archived from 4705:. Harvard University Press. 4226:. 2010-11-11. Archived from 4197:. 2000-08-30. Archived from 4109:Ending our-Dependence on Oil 3646: 2674:itself is the result of the 2567:, temperature differential, 2178:have developed a series of " 1731:. These fuels are made by a 1477: 1454: 1451:Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm 1431: 1408: 1385: 1362: 1339: 1219:has expanded rapidly to 336 853: 419:, leading to concerns about 255:primary non-renewable fossil 211:, or other synthetic fuels. 117:recovery and reuse of energy 7: 15242:International Energy Agency 14227:Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) 13363:Environmental impact design 13046:Aircraft Reactor Experiment 12231: 11993:States with nuclear weapons 10368:Energy return on investment 8477: 8307:National Geographic Society 8077:NASA and the Space Industry 7633:. Aceee.org. Archived from 7114:10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113859 6748:How Geothermal energy works 6392:BS Reporter (11 May 2012). 6071:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.10.066 6032:10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106153 5602:The Future of Nuclear Power 5292:Kharecha Pushker A (2013). 4348:International Energy Agency 3925:Thorium-based nuclear power 3744: 3615:is used to study and build 3333:Thermal and chemical energy 3210:, for environmental impact. 2705:Since the beginning of the 2326:An elevated section of the 2294:, industrial processes and 2288:International Energy Agency 2236:Increased energy efficiency 2000:technology, energy prices, 1869:International Energy Agency 1650: 1628:International Energy Agency 1529:the scope of other articles 1104:hydroelectric power station 957:Barakah nuclear power plant 848:International Energy Agency 787:low carbon power generation 668:. Proponents, such as the 283:electrical power generation 166:Classification of resources 10: 15331: 14829:PTT Public Company Limited 14430:East Midlands Oil Province 14415:List of natural gas fields 14015:Integrated asset modelling 13721:High-performance buildings 13059: 12884:Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR) 12008:Tests in the United States 10708:Photovoltaic power station 8581: 8414: 7282:Paul Gipe (4 April 2013). 6990:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113491 6578:Royal Society of Chemistry 6478:December 29, 2007, at the 5954:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111935 5671:www.world-nuclear-news.org 5569:"Future of Nuclear Energy" 5243:Wagner, Friedrich (2021). 3650: 3596: 3565: 3535: 3491: 3315: 3258:Electric power engineering 2748: 2657:Doel Nuclear Power Station 2638: 2529: 2501: 2416:Electricity grids are the 2409: 2387:may also be delivered via 2353: 2280:Compact fluorescent lights 2251: 2150: 2011: 2007: 1878: 1654: 1502: 1217:Global wind power capacity 974: 881: 823: 814:fossil-fuel power stations 774:are under construction at 760:People's Republic of China 712:Three Mile Island accident 694:people and the environment 666:debate about nuclear power 585:nuclear-powered icebreaker 513: 508: 468:volatile organic compounds 242: 194:Open System Model (basics) 175: 169: 29: 15264: 15214: 15201:Weatherford International 15080: 14930: 14882: 14734:Iraq National Oil Company 14670: 14627: 14612: 14603: 14488: 14405: 14287: 14173: 14067: 13995: 13938: 13897: 13890: 13812: 13794: 13716:Heat recovery ventilation 13701:Environmental remediation 13626: 13529: 13462: 13451: 13318:Climate smart agriculture 13300: 13214: 13170: 13122: 13079: 13069: 13021: 13009:Stable Salt Reactor (SSR) 12922: 12904:Reduced-moderation (RMWR) 12869: 12852: 12792: 12719: 12711:Advanced gas-cooled (AGR) 12685: 12676: 12628: 12608: 12561: 12543: 12499: 12404: 12386: 12254: 12241: 12226: 12213: 12168: 12101: 12046: 12037: 11985: 11893: 11884: 11851: 11794: 11756: 11747: 11668: 11600: 11523: 11465: 11461: 11389: 11368: 11338: 11317: 11296: 11280: 11254: 11218: 11192: 11149: 11142: 11102: 11071: 11038: 11029: 11009: 10811: 10773:artificial photosynthesis 10754: 10721: 10664: 10621: 10612: 10589: 10570: 10547: 10443: 10415:Variable renewable energy 10340: 10279: 10251: 10154: 10121: 10059: 9991: 9960: 9924: 9888: 9811: 9703: 9696: 9603: 9550: 9454: 9428: 9304: 9184:Fossil fuel power station 9152: 9065: 8971: 8846:Electric potential energy 8811: 8791:Thermodynamic temperature 8771:Thermodynamic free energy 8766:Thermodynamic equilibrium 8612: 8589: 8432:, Vol 1, 11 January 2016. 8247:10.1596/978-0-8213-8926-3 7025:10.1007/978-3-540-77932-2 5870:: 1145–1152. 2022-11-01. 5441:Mari Saito (7 May 2011). 5004:10.1080/10807030802387556 4878:Data from studies by the 4589:"The nuclear controversy" 3787:Nuclear technology portal 3391:technology is a field of 3369:of all kinds, grates and 3004:artificial photosynthesis 2244:A spiral-type integrated 2201:to today's energy costs. 1990:tectonic plate boundaries 1644:mitigating global warming 1428:Capricorn Ridge Wind Farm 1308:Large onshore wind farms 949:Hanul Nuclear Power Plant 806:carbon dioxide equivalent 670:World Nuclear Association 551:longest ever naval vessel 348:environmental degradation 233:fossil-fuel power station 156:renewable energy industry 148:electrical power industry 49:This article needs to be 15310:Power station technology 15305:Sustainable technologies 13706:Glass in green buildings 13650:sustainable architecture 13294:Environmental technology 12914:Dual fluid reactor (DFR) 12530:Steam-generating (SGHWR) 11866:Electron-beam processing 11309:Solar water disinfection 10803:Thermoelectric generator 10435:Wind resource assessment 9255:Concentrated solar power 8408:Renewable Heat Workshop. 8114:. Springer. p. 49. 8080:. JHU Press. p. 1. 8064:(accessed 13 March 2013) 6453:renewableenergyworld.com 4702:The Rise of Nuclear Fear 3731:between opposing seasons 3643:to produce electricity. 3377:and operational safety. 3071:Interdisciplinary fields 3046:environmentally friendly 3034:Energy technology is an 3019:manufacturing industries 2959:of humanity. Short term 2512:Ffestiniog Power Station 2486:Wireless energy transfer 2276:incandescent light bulbs 2246:compact fluorescent lamp 1916:of minerals (80%). The 1614:concentrated solar power 1497: 937: 838:, prompted a rethink of 417:greenhouse gas emissions 229:Moss Landing Power Plant 15252:World Petroleum Council 15126:China Oilfield Services 14183:Petroleum fiscal regime 13882:Western Canadian Select 13877:West Texas Intermediate 13029:Organic nuclear reactor 12201:Nuclear power phase-out 12124:Nuclear decommissioning 12064:Reactor-grade plutonium 11814:Targeted alpha-particle 11693:Accidents and incidents 11017:Solar Shade Control Act 10798:Space-based solar power 8796:Volume (thermodynamics) 8776:Thermodynamic potential 8679:Mass–energy equivalence 8426:The Frontiers of Energy 8216:openresearchlibrary.org 7685:10.1111/1467-8489.12175 7676:10.1111/1467-8489.12175 7496:10.1126/science.1195449 7366:10.1126/science.1100103 7213:10.36688/imej.5.143-150 6910:Cothran, Helen (2002), 6373:Terra-Gen Press Release 5800:IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0 4975:Burgherr Peter (2008). 4880:Paul Scherrer Institute 4166:"Big Rig Building Boom" 3941:Growth of photovoltaics 3847:Energy policy of Canada 3843:Energy policy of Brazil 3839:Energy policy of Russia 3795:Worldwide energy supply 3773:Renewable energy portal 3669:can draw burning fuel. 3023:space-based solar power 2957:sustainable development 2491:Wireless power transfer 1622:naturally circulate air 1336:Alta (Oak Creek-Mojave) 1149: 1146:powered energy plants. 963:under construction (in 826:Nuclear power phase-out 772:Generation III reactors 563:mass-energy equivalence 275:liquefied petroleum gas 273:. Another fossil fuel, 14729:Indian Oil Corporation 14215:Submersible pump (ESP) 14160:Underbalanced drilling 13981:of gasoline and diesel 13696:Environmental movement 13393:Sustainability science 13383:Public interest design 13308:Appropriate technology 11381:Solar power by country 11056:Thermal energy storage 10681:Nanocrystal solar cell 10636:Solar air conditioning 10430:Wind profile power law 10425:Wind power forecasting 8751:Quantum thermodynamics 8741:Laws of thermodynamics 8622:Conservation of energy 8018:July 14, 2009, at the 7868:"Our Electric Future." 7854:and L. Hunter Lovins. 7288:Renewable Energy World 6159:April 9, 2012, at the 5467:Ipsos (23 June 2011), 5378:"Gauging the pressure" 4350:. 2012. Archived from 4308:July 30, 2012, at the 4224:nationalgeographic.com 3827:Energy policy of India 3823:Energy policy of China 3739:phase-change materials 3694:Thermal energy storage 3594: 3533: 3507: 3443: 3346: 3254: 3245:Electrical engineering 3134:, turbines, pumps and 3123:Electrical engineering 2935:Malthusian catastrophe 2930: 2904:Industrialized nations 2888: 2757:environmental movement 2746: 2711:William Stanley Jevons 2659: 2527: 2407: 2350:Shipping and pipelines 2330: 2302:Energy efficiency and 2249: 2136:artificial reef effect 2079:feed-in tariffs (FiTs) 1975:electricity generation 1897: 1889:Steam rising from the 1697:blend up to 10%, 1474:Fowler Ridge Wind Farm 1185:of wind power capacity 1105: 1040:electricity generation 990: 907: 895: 501:generates billions of 438:is released, and also 332: 240: 239:to produce electricity 195: 93: 85: 77: 15106:Cameron International 14548:Petrodollar recycling 14531:fossil fuel phase-out 14094:Differential sticking 14047:Reflection seismology 14020:Petroleum engineering 13862:OPEC Reference Basket 13575:hydrogen technologies 13489:Solid waste treatment 12191:Anti-nuclear movement 11262:Salt evaporation pond 11231:Hybrid solar lighting 11051:Phase-change material 10456:Wind power portal 8868:Interatomic potential 8659:Energy transformation 8022:retrieved 28 May 2009 7992:"Eating Fossil Fuels" 7337:; R. Socolow (2004). 7053:Ni, Na (2023-04-01). 6398:business-standard.com 6360:June 9, 2012, at the 6183:. WWEA. pp. 1–8. 6181:2014 Half-year Report 5298:Environmental Science 4990:(5): 947–973, 962–5. 4882:including non EU data 4485:. World-nuclear.org. 4142:May 13, 2013, at the 3929:List of oil pipelines 3685:Enabling technologies 3587:Pelton water turbines 3584: 3524: 3501: 3437: 3417:materials engineering 3355:environmental studies 3340: 3252: 3220:Environmental studies 2894: 2835: 2744: 2707:Industrial Revolution 2646: 2509: 2402: 2395:Wired energy transfer 2325: 2243: 2153:100% renewable energy 2147:100% renewable energy 1940:Earth's internal heat 1932:, meaning earth, and 1900:Geothermal energy is 1888: 1642:, lower the costs of 1541:and help introduce a 1092: 1073:and remote areas and 984: 901: 891: 844:nuclear energy policy 824:Further information: 318: 294:Industrial Revolution 226: 193: 170:Further information: 91: 83: 75: 30:Further information: 18:Energy infrastructure 15003:Occidental Petroleum 14317:1990 oil price shock 14143:Shale oil extraction 14116:Drilling engineering 14099:Directional drilling 14025:Reservoir simulation 13746:Water heat recycling 13676:Efficient energy use 13666:Conservation biology 13603:Sustainable lighting 13539:Efficient energy use 13353:Environmental Design 13323:Environmental design 13099:Reversed field pinch 12894:Traveling-wave (TWR) 12378:Supercritical (SCWR) 11876:Gemstone irradiation 10788:Solar thermal rocket 10261:Consulting companies 10069:Airborne wind energy 9316:Efficient energy use 9289:Airborne wind energy 9267:Solar thermal energy 9174:Electricity delivery 8786:Thermodynamic system 8731:Irreversible process 8357:GreenFire Energy Inc 7620:, License: CC BY 4.0 7607:, UNSW Press, p. 86. 7585:Richard L. Kauffman 7239:impact.economist.com 7151:Ocean Energy Ireland 6914:, Greenhaven Press, 6789:10.1038/ngeo.2007.44 6700:Worldwatch Institute 5016:Comparing Nuclear's 4609:James J. MacKenzie. 3641:electrical generator 3397:chemical engineering 3286:transformer stations 2814:The Reform Institute 2719:U.S. Bureau of Mines 2254:Efficient energy use 2180:stabilization wedges 2163:Renewable energy use 1977:. Worldwide, 11,400 1948:core-mantle boundary 1610:photovoltaic systems 1590:solar thermal energy 1168:in Northwest England 1075:developing countries 953:United Arab Emirates 912:Nuclear power plants 868:radioactive material 742:Comparing Nuclear's 684:source that reduces 664:There is an ongoing 659:engineering research 624:Nuclear power plants 490:including traces of 279:industrial processes 129:environmental issues 15151:Naftiran Intertrade 15096:Amec Foster Wheeler 15023:Reliance Industries 14912:Naftiran Intertrade 14724:Hindustan Petroleum 14322:2000s energy crisis 13731:Nature conservation 13726:Land rehabilitation 13681:Energy conservation 13570:carbon-neutral fuel 13478:dispersion modeling 12264:Aqueous homogeneous 12059:Reprocessed uranium 11732:Safety and security 11356:Solar water heating 11130:Solar water heating 11046:Grid energy storage 10793:Solar updraft tower 10702:Photovoltaic module 10697:Photovoltaic effect 10651:Solar water heating 10490:Additional portals: 10420:Virtual power plant 10253:Wind power industry 10131:Lists of wind farms 9338:Energy conservation 9260:Photovoltaic system 9233:Nuclear power plant 8918:Quantum fluctuation 8781:Thermodynamic state 8756:Thermal equilibrium 8329:"Geothermal Energy" 8303:"Geothermal Energy" 7884:. July/August 2008. 7488:2010Sci...329.1292H 7482:(5997): 1292–1294. 7358:2004Sci...305..968P 7038:Thorson, J (2022). 6912:Energy Alternatives 6781:2008NatGe...1...25L 6562:on 13 January 2012. 6241:on 4 September 2011 5483:on 24 December 2014 5360:Scientific American 5310:2013EnST...47.4889K 5261:2021EPJP..136..562W 4996:2008HERA...14..947B 4931:linear no-threshold 4137:Oil-Led Development 3513:has many branches. 3015:private spaceflight 2928:Former Soviet Union 2786:energy independence 2774:Energy conservation 2682:from hot, hardened 2678:'s nuclear fusion. 2524:grid energy storage 2306:are said to be the 2063:Offshore wind power 1918:geothermal gradient 1849:transesterification 1719:. Examples of this 1661:Sustainable biofuel 1594:solar water heating 1359:Jaisalmer Wind Park 1309: 1265:are located in the 862:– the second worst 858:Following the 2011 785:Nuclear power is a 608:to generate useful 569:on the flight deck. 356:mountaintop removal 231:in California is a 125:efficiency measures 121:Energy conservation 92:US energy use, 2022 15295:Energy development 14998:Marathon Petroleum 14420:List of oil fields 14030:Reservoir modeling 13788:Petroleum industry 13549:Energy development 13531:Sustainable energy 13520:water purification 13484:Industrial ecology 13178:Dense plasma focus 12093:Actinide chemistry 11558:Isotope separation 11455:Nuclear technology 11184:Solar-powered pump 10778:Solar-pumped laser 10691:Photovoltaic array 10686:Organic solar cell 10669:and related topics 9375:Sustainable energy 9353:Energy development 9343:Energy consumption 9179:Energy engineering 8404:2013-10-15 at the 8382:2016-03-04 at the 8060:10.1039/C3EE00063J 8038:10.1039/C3EE00063J 7978:2009-04-28 at the 7953:2017-07-27 at the 7873:2014-08-25 at the 7847:2009-01-06 at the 7824:2009-07-02 at the 6896:2014-10-15 at the 6753:2014-09-25 at the 6651:10.3390/en15051823 6610:10.1093/ce/zkac023 6533:2010-09-18 at the 6378:2012-05-10 at the 6199:2011-04-07 at the 5818:OurWorldInData.org 5492:2016-04-03 at the 5485:. Survey website: 5158:The New York Times 5064:The New York Times 4793:2009-03-26 at the 4682:2009-06-26 at the 4664:2010-02-26 at the 4653:2017-04-09 at the 4642:2017-02-01 at the 4632:The New York Times 4567:on 7 November 2006 4326:2013-07-29 at the 4279:. 18 August 2005. 4250:2016-04-10 at the 4201:on January 9, 2008 4114:2013-03-19 at the 3899:Energy consumption 3805:Water-energy nexus 3595: 3534: 3508: 3447:Nuclear technology 3444: 3347: 3255: 3132:combustion engines 3026:power collection. 3009:With contemporary 2931: 2914:Developing nations 2889: 2828:Present and future 2751:Sustainable energy 2747: 2660: 2528: 2522:(PSH) is used for 2518:, United Kingdom. 2408: 2356:Pipeline transport 2331: 2250: 2073:around the world. 1983:geothermal heating 1898: 1796:Cellulosic biomass 1598:solar architecture 1539:discuss this issue 1307: 1106: 991: 987:solar photovoltaic 931:electricity market 927:utility monopolies 908: 896: 794:emission intensity 704:Chernobyl disaster 682:sustainable energy 643:nuclear propulsion 402:urban heat islands 366:thermal efficiency 333: 241: 196: 144:petroleum industry 97:Energy development 94: 86: 78: 15315:Energy conversion 15300:Energy technology 15282: 15281: 15260: 15259: 15146:Nabors Industries 15076: 15075: 14274:Well intervention 14249:Petroleum product 14148:Ljungström method 14052:Seismic inversion 14037:Petroleum geology 13991: 13990: 13754: 13753: 13591:commercialization 13260: 13259: 13210: 13209: 13206: 13205: 13157:Magnetized-target 13054: 13053: 13017: 13016: 12848: 12847: 12844: 12843: 12788: 12787: 12672: 12671: 12604: 12603: 12209: 12208: 12164: 12163: 12033: 12032: 12020:Weapon-free zones 11847: 11846: 11839:Radiopharmacology 11421: 11420: 11364: 11363: 11346:Solar combisystem 11304:Soil solarization 11210:Urban heat island 11138: 11137: 11110:Electric aircraft 11025: 11024: 10741:Solar power tower 10507: 10506: 10099:on public display 10019: 10018: 9884: 9883: 9510: 9509: 9277:Solar power tower 8923:Quantum potential 8761:Thermal reservoir 8664:Energy transition 8264:978-0-8213-8926-3 8121:978-3-7091-0317-3 8087:978-0-8018-6532-9 7808:on April 5, 2013. 7452:978-0-309-13708-9 6769:Nature Geoscience 6267:on 15 August 2011 5707:on 6 October 2016 5616:978-0-615-12420-9 5581:on 5 October 2013 5384:. 28 April 2011. 5319:10.1021/es3051197 4834:(9591): 979–990. 4243:(April 22, 2010) 3903:Materials science 3877:Energy harvesting 3705:from a process). 3613:Civil engineering 3568:Geothermal energy 3463:nuclear chemistry 3423:Energy conversion 3413:applied mechanics 3262:electrical energy 3172:, for sources of 3036:interdisciplinary 3030:Energy technology 2802:Chairman and CEO 2800:Intel Corporation 2715:The Coal Question 2655:and 20th-century 2619:tanks store ice ( 2611:as gravitational 2565:electrical energy 2453:carrying capacity 2375:, and coal via a 2268:fluorescent lamps 2264:insulating a home 2176:Robert H. Socolow 2172:Stephen W. Pacala 1956:mantle convecting 1944:radioactive decay 1914:radioactive decay 1881:Geothermal energy 1756:and the need for 1560: 1559: 1495: 1494: 1079:human development 1058:energy services. 971:Renewable sources 878:Fission economics 639:31 countries 336:Energy dependence 160:alternative fuels 70: 69: 16:(Redirected from 15322: 15272: 15271: 14973:Hess Corporation 14694:Bharat Petroleum 14625: 14624: 14610: 14609: 14297:1967 Oil Embargo 14133:Lost circulation 13971:Posted oil price 13895: 13894: 13852:Isthmus-34 Light 13781: 13774: 13767: 13758: 13757: 13691:Energy recycling 13612:electric vehicle 13586:Renewable energy 13560:alternative fuel 13510:sewage treatment 13494:Waste management 13457: 13348:Energy recycling 13343:Electric vehicle 13313:Clean technology 13287: 13280: 13273: 13264: 13263: 13248: 13247: 13236: 13235: 13225: 13224: 13223: 13135: 13094:Levitated dipole 13064: 13056: 13055: 13004:Helium gas (GFR) 12867: 12866: 12862: 12799: 12798: 12683: 12682: 12633: 12632: 12626: 12625: 12621: 12620: 12402: 12401: 12398: 12397: 12236: 12228: 12227: 12220:Nuclear reactors 12215: 12214: 12114:High-level (HLW) 12044: 12043: 11891: 11890: 11871:Food irradiation 11861:Atomic gardening 11754: 11753: 11737:Nuclear meltdown 11563:Nuclear material 11553:Fissile material 11548:Fertile material 11463: 11462: 11448: 11441: 11434: 11425: 11424: 11409: 11408: 11397: 11396: 11351:Solar controller 11147: 11146: 11036: 11035: 10736:Parabolic trough 10619: 10618: 10607: 10601: 10595: 10583:Solar irradiance 10534: 10527: 10520: 10511: 10510: 10494:Renewable energy 10489: 10477: 10476: 10465: 10464: 10454: 10453: 10300:GE Offshore Wind 10046: 10039: 10032: 10023: 10022: 10009: 9999: 9998: 9942:French Polynesia 9701: 9700: 9537: 9530: 9523: 9514: 9513: 9498: 9497: 9486: 9474: 9473: 9462: 9461: 9436:Carbon footprint 9370:Renewable energy 9211:Hydroelectricity 9201:Geothermal power 8644:Energy condition 8576: 8569: 8562: 8553: 8552: 8473: 8409: 8393: 8387: 8373: 8367: 8366: 8364: 8363: 8349: 8343: 8342: 8340: 8339: 8324: 8318: 8317: 8315: 8314: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8289: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8222: 8208: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8198: 8184: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8174: 8160: 8154: 8151: 8145: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8105: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8071: 8065: 8063: 8044:Lubitz, Wolfgang 8029: 8023: 8010: 8004: 8003: 7998:. Archived from 7988: 7982: 7963: 7957: 7940: 7934: 7931: 7925: 7920: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7891: 7885: 7865: 7859: 7858:. November 1983. 7856:Atlantic Monthly 7839: 7833: 7816: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7801:. Archived from 7796: 7788: 7782: 7778: 7772: 7769: 7763: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7750: 7741:. Archived from 7735: 7729: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7714:. Archived from 7704: 7698: 7697: 7687: 7661: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7643: 7642: 7627: 7621: 7614: 7608: 7599:Diesendorf, Mark 7596: 7590: 7583: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7573: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7467: 7461: 7460: 7428: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7408: 7399: 7393: 7392: 7390: 7343: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7311: 7302: 7296: 7295: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7255: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7245: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7182: 7167: 7161: 7160: 7158: 7157: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7126: 7116: 7091: 7085: 7084: 7074: 7050: 7044: 7043: 7035: 7029: 7028: 7009: 7003: 7002: 6992: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6951: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6907: 6901: 6888: 6882: 6867: 6861: 6857: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6847: 6832: 6826: 6825: 6820:. Archived from 6813: 6807: 6806: 6800: 6792: 6764: 6758: 6745: 6739: 6738: 6736: 6729: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6711: 6692: 6683: 6682: 6662: 6656: 6655: 6653: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6612: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6561: 6554: 6546: 6537: 6525: 6519: 6518: 6512: 6504: 6488: 6482: 6470: 6461: 6460: 6445: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6389: 6383: 6370: 6364: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6317: 6309: 6307: 6301:. Archived from 6300: 6288: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6240: 6225: 6217: 6204: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6176: 6170: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6141: 6132:. Archived from 6125: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6104: 6097: 6089: 6083: 6082: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6020:Energy Economics 6011: 6005: 6004: 5981:Renewable Energy 5972: 5966: 5965: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5894: 5888: 5887: 5864:Renewable Energy 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5809: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5786: 5778: 5773: 5762: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5703:. Archived from 5701:www.fananews.com 5693: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5647: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5580: 5573: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5547: 5542:. Archived from 5531: 5525: 5524: 5519:. Archived from 5508: 5497: 5484: 5482: 5476:, archived from 5475: 5464: 5455: 5454: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5396: 5390: 5389: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5351: 5342: 5341: 5331: 5329:2060/20140017100 5321: 5304:(9): 4889–4895. 5289: 5283: 5282: 5272: 5240: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5172: 5166: 5165: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5103: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5093: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5032: 5026: 5015: 4981: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4962: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4804: 4798: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4775: 4756: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4734:. Archived from 4723: 4717: 4716: 4697:Spencer R. Weart 4693: 4687: 4674: 4668: 4627: 4621: 4615:Arthur W. Murphy 4607: 4601: 4600: 4584: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4561:The ITER Project 4553: 4547: 4542: 4536: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4519: 4513:. Archived from 4512: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4494: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4444: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4415: 4410:on March 3, 2008 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4375: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4362: 4356: 4345: 4337: 4331: 4318: 4312: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4269: 4263: 4260: 4254: 4241:ScienceDaily.com 4238: 4232: 4231: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4177: 4162: 4156: 4153: 4147: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4119: 4106: 4100: 4096: 4090: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3956: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3775: 3770: 3769: 3761: 3756: 3755: 3698:renewable energy 3511:Renewable energy 3494:Renewable energy 3488:Renewable energy 3455:nuclear reactors 3453:production from 3389:Emission control 3306:Electric heating 3302:power management 3294:electrical cable 3208:Waste management 3174:renewable energy 2972:Green Revolution 2948:Limits to Growth 2945:as pioneered by 2922: 2920: 2912: 2910: 2902: 2900: 2884: 2882: 2875: 2873: 2865: 2863: 2856: 2854: 2843: 2841: 2798:In 2008, former 2765:Renewable energy 2680:Geothermal power 2613:potential energy 2553:potential energy 2379:. Fuels such as 2304:renewable energy 2226:electricity grid 2224:argues that the 2186:Mark Z. Jacobson 2071:renewable energy 2026:, currents, and 1934:θερμος (thermos) 1717:living organisms 1690: 1676:A bus fueled by 1673: 1602:renewable energy 1555: 1552: 1546: 1519: 1518: 1511: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1465: 1463: 1462: 1442: 1440: 1439: 1419: 1417: 1416: 1396: 1394: 1393: 1382:Roscoe Wind Farm 1373: 1371: 1370: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1310: 1306: 1179: 1162: 1121:Three Gorges Dam 1109:Hydroelectricity 1098:Three Gorges Dam 1085:Hydroelectricity 1056:rural (off-grid) 1012:Renewable energy 1001: 864:nuclear incident 810:greenhouse gases 791:total life cycle 710:(2011), and the 686:carbon emissions 580: 567:E = mc 555:aircraft carrier 526: 308:sources such as 152:nuclear industry 65: 62: 56: 44: 43: 36: 21: 15330: 15329: 15325: 15324: 15323: 15321: 15320: 15319: 15285: 15284: 15283: 15278: 15256: 15210: 15206:John Wood Group 15196:Valaris Limited 15089: 15086: 15083: 15072: 14938:APA Corporation 14926: 14878: 14677: 14674: 14666: 14621: 14618: 14615: 14605: 14599: 14500:Classification 14484: 14407: 14401: 14337:Nationalization 14307:1979 oil crisis 14302:1973 oil crisis 14283: 14269:Water injection 14237:Steam injection 14232:Gas reinjection 14200:Artificial lift 14169: 14111:Drill stem test 14063: 13987: 13934: 13886: 13808: 13790: 13785: 13755: 13750: 13711:Green computing 13686:Energy recovery 13622: 13554:Energy recovery 13544:Electrification 13525: 13471:Air pollution ( 13458: 13449: 13296: 13291: 13261: 13256: 13221: 13219: 13202: 13166: 13133: 13118: 13075: 13065: 13060: 13050: 13013: 12918: 12863: 12856: 12855: 12840: 12784: 12715: 12690: 12668: 12640: 12622: 12615: 12614: 12613: 12600: 12566: 12557: 12539: 12504: 12495: 12409: 12392: 12391: 12390: 12382: 12296:Natural fission 12250: 12249: 12237: 12232: 12222: 12205: 12181:Nuclear weapons 12160: 12119:Low-level (LLW) 12097: 12029: 11981: 11880: 11843: 11790: 11743: 11664: 11596: 11519: 11457: 11452: 11422: 11417: 11385: 11360: 11334: 11313: 11292: 11276: 11250: 11214: 11188: 11153: 11134: 11098: 11067: 11031: 11021: 11005: 10807: 10756: 10750: 10717: 10668: 10660: 10608: 10602: 10596: 10587: 10566: 10543: 10538: 10508: 10503: 10448: 10439: 10410:Tip-speed ratio 10405:Net energy gain 10363:Capacity factor 10336: 10275: 10247: 10150: 10136:Community-owned 10117: 10055: 10050: 10020: 10015: 9987: 9956: 9920: 9880: 9807: 9692: 9599: 9546: 9541: 9511: 9506: 9450: 9446:Waste-to-energy 9424: 9360:Energy security 9306: 9300: 9156: 9148: 9127:Natural uranium 9061: 9042:Mechanical wave 8973:Energy carriers 8967: 8807: 8736:Isolated system 8614: 8608: 8585: 8580: 8508: 8480: 8417: 8412: 8406:Wayback Machine 8394: 8390: 8384:Wayback Machine 8374: 8370: 8361: 8359: 8351: 8350: 8346: 8337: 8335: 8333:archive.epa.gov 8325: 8321: 8312: 8310: 8301: 8300: 8296: 8287: 8285: 8277: 8276: 8272: 8265: 8233: 8229: 8220: 8218: 8210: 8209: 8205: 8196: 8194: 8186: 8185: 8181: 8172: 8170: 8162: 8161: 8157: 8152: 8148: 8140: 8136: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8106: 8102: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8072: 8068: 8030: 8026: 8020:Wayback Machine 8011: 8007: 7990: 7989: 7985: 7980:Wayback Machine 7964: 7960: 7955:Wayback Machine 7941: 7937: 7932: 7928: 7921: 7917: 7908: 7906: 7892: 7888: 7875:Wayback Machine 7866: 7862: 7852:Amory B. Lovins 7849:Wayback Machine 7840: 7836: 7830:Amory B. Lovins 7826:Wayback Machine 7817: 7813: 7805: 7794: 7790: 7789: 7785: 7779: 7775: 7770: 7766: 7761: 7757: 7748: 7746: 7737: 7736: 7732: 7727: 7723: 7706: 7705: 7701: 7659: 7653: 7649: 7640: 7638: 7629: 7628: 7624: 7615: 7611: 7597: 7593: 7584: 7580: 7571: 7569: 7560: 7559: 7555: 7545: 7543: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7476:Foreign Affairs 7468: 7464: 7453: 7429: 7425: 7417: 7406: 7400: 7396: 7388: 7341: 7332: 7328: 7320: 7309: 7303: 7299: 7280: 7276: 7267: 7265: 7263:tethys.pnnl.gov 7257: 7256: 7252: 7243: 7241: 7233: 7232: 7228: 7193: 7189: 7180: 7178: 7169: 7168: 7164: 7155: 7153: 7145: 7144: 7140: 7092: 7088: 7051: 7047: 7036: 7032: 7011: 7010: 7006: 6969: 6965: 6949:10.1.1.459.1779 6932: 6928: 6922: 6908: 6904: 6898:Wayback Machine 6889: 6885: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6854: 6845: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6829: 6814: 6810: 6794: 6793: 6765: 6761: 6755:Wayback Machine 6746: 6742: 6734: 6727: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6709: 6707: 6694: 6693: 6686: 6667:Catalysis Today 6663: 6659: 6630: 6626: 6589: 6585: 6580:. 2 April 2014. 6572: 6571: 6567: 6559: 6552: 6548: 6547: 6540: 6535:Wayback Machine 6526: 6522: 6506: 6505: 6489: 6485: 6480:Wayback Machine 6471: 6464: 6447: 6446: 6439: 6429: 6427: 6414: 6413: 6409: 6390: 6386: 6382:, 17 April 2012 6380:Wayback Machine 6371: 6367: 6362:Wayback Machine 6353: 6349: 6332: 6331: 6327: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6298: 6289: 6280: 6270: 6268: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6223: 6219: 6218: 6207: 6201:Wayback Machine 6192: 6188: 6177: 6173: 6161:Wayback Machine 6152: 6148: 6139: 6137: 6126: 6117: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6051: 6047: 6012: 6008: 5973: 5969: 5934: 5930: 5895: 5891: 5858: 5857: 5853: 5844: 5842: 5834: 5833: 5829: 5810: 5806: 5795: 5784: 5780: 5776:IEA. CC BY 4.0. 5771: 5760: 5756: 5754: 5750: 5741: 5739: 5724: 5720: 5710: 5708: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5665: 5664: 5660: 5652: 5645: 5639: 5635: 5626: 5624: 5617: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5565: 5561: 5551: 5549: 5540:Financial Times 5532: 5528: 5509: 5500: 5494:Wayback Machine 5480: 5473: 5465: 5458: 5439: 5435: 5416: 5412: 5403:. p. 476. 5397: 5393: 5376: 5375: 5371: 5352: 5345: 5290: 5286: 5241: 5237: 5228: 5226: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5208:Page 962 to 965 5204: 5200: 5190: 5188: 5173: 5169: 5150: 5146: 5127: 5123: 5104: 5100: 5091: 5089: 5080: 5079: 5075: 5056: 5052: 5033: 5029: 5025:classification. 4979: 4973: 4969: 4960: 4958: 4941: 4937: 4923: 4921: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4884:. p. 168. 4868: 4867: 4863: 4824: 4820: 4805: 4801: 4795:Wayback Machine 4786: 4782: 4773: 4771: 4758: 4757: 4750: 4741: 4739: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4694: 4690: 4684:Wayback Machine 4675: 4671: 4666:Wayback Machine 4655:Wayback Machine 4644:Wayback Machine 4628: 4624: 4608: 4604: 4585: 4581: 4570: 4568: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4530: 4529: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4510: 4508:"Archived copy" 4506: 4505: 4501: 4492: 4490: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4467: 4465: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4442: 4440: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4413: 4411: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4388: 4386: 4377: 4376: 4369: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4343: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4328:Wayback Machine 4319: 4315: 4310:Wayback Machine 4300: 4296: 4286: 4284: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4261: 4257: 4252:Wayback Machine 4239: 4235: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4204: 4202: 4189: 4188: 4184: 4175: 4173: 4164: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4144:Wayback Machine 4135: 4131: 4126: 4122: 4116:Wayback Machine 4107: 4103: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4020: 4018: 4009: 4008: 4004: 3994: 3992: 3986:"International" 3984: 3983: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3785: 3780: 3778: 3771: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3747: 3714:sensible energy 3687: 3655: 3649: 3601: 3579: 3570: 3564: 3540: 3530:Inner Mongolian 3519: 3496: 3490: 3482:nuclear physics 3474:nuclear fission 3459:nuclear physics 3432: 3361:has to do with 3345:for a wood fire 3335: 3320: 3314: 3298:Load management 3270:electric motors 3247: 3115:technology and 3088:nuclear physics 3073: 3032: 2986:(natural gas), 2982:in the form of 2918: 2917: 2916: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2898: 2897: 2896: 2880: 2879: 2877:Renewable fuels 2871: 2870: 2869: 2861: 2860: 2852: 2851: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2830: 2809:electrification 2782: 2759:has emphasized 2753: 2739: 2723:M. King Hubbert 2692:nuclear fission 2641: 2538: 2530:Main articles: 2504: 2488: 2433:nuclear reactor 2414: 2412:Electrical grid 2404:Electrical grid 2397: 2377:Slurry pipeline 2358: 2352: 2328:Alaska Pipeline 2320: 2256: 2238: 2218:variable output 2214:James E. Hansen 2155: 2149: 2140:Noise pollution 2107:ocean currents. 2100:energy security 2091:Paris Agreement 2087:decarbonization 2034:gradients, and 2018: 2016: 2010: 1936:, meaning hot. 1883: 1877: 1853:decarboxylation 1841:carbon monoxide 1758:energy security 1721:carbon fixation 1713:carbon fixation 1707:A biofuel is a 1705: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1691: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1674: 1663: 1655:Main articles: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1632:energy security 1556: 1550: 1547: 1545:to the article. 1536: 1531:, specifically 1520: 1516: 1508: 1500: 1483: 1481: 1460: 1458: 1437: 1435: 1414: 1412: 1391: 1389: 1368: 1366: 1345: 1343: 1319: 1317: 1281:are located in 1190: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1180: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1163: 1152: 1102:world's largest 1100:in China – the 1087: 1036:geothermal heat 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1002: 979: 973: 955:at the planned 940: 886: 880: 856: 828: 822: 764:electrical grid 736:energy accident 647:net energy gain 606:nuclear fission 599: 598: 597: 596: 595: 581: 572: 571: 570: 527: 516: 511: 460:carbon monoxide 456:sulphur dioxide 446:and other fine 440:nitrogen oxides 362:Fuel efficiency 340:energy security 257:) sources burn 251: 243:Main articles: 221: 188: 182:Energy planning 178:Energy industry 174: 168: 140:energy industry 66: 60: 57: 54: 45: 41: 34: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15328: 15318: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15280: 15279: 15277: 15276: 15265: 15262: 15261: 15258: 15257: 15255: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15224: 15218: 15216: 15212: 15211: 15209: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15148: 15143: 15138: 15133: 15128: 15123: 15118: 15113: 15108: 15103: 15098: 15092: 15090: 15081: 15078: 15077: 15074: 15073: 15071: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15043:Surgutneftegas 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15020: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14963:Eneos Holdings 14960: 14955: 14953:ConocoPhillips 14950: 14945: 14943:Cenovus Energy 14940: 14934: 14932: 14928: 14927: 14925: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14888: 14886: 14884:Energy trading 14880: 14879: 14877: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14776: 14771: 14766: 14761: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14741: 14736: 14731: 14726: 14721: 14716: 14711: 14706: 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14680: 14678: 14671: 14668: 14667: 14665: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14633: 14631: 14622: 14613: 14607: 14601: 14600: 14598: 14597: 14596: 14595: 14590: 14585: 14580: 14570: 14568:Swing producer 14565: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14545: 14540: 14539: 14538: 14533: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14512: 14511: 14506: 14498: 14492: 14490: 14486: 14485: 14483: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14457: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14440:Gulf of Mexico 14437: 14432: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14411: 14409: 14403: 14402: 14400: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14379: 14374: 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14349: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14327:2010s oil glut 14324: 14319: 14314: 14312:1980s oil glut 14309: 14304: 14299: 14293: 14291: 14285: 14284: 14282: 14281: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14240: 14239: 14234: 14224: 14219: 14218: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14197: 14196: 14195: 14190: 14179: 14177: 14171: 14170: 14168: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14151: 14150: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14129: 14128: 14121:Drilling fluid 14118: 14113: 14108: 14107: 14106: 14096: 14091: 14090: 14089: 14079: 14073: 14071: 14065: 14064: 14062: 14061: 14059:Seismic source 14056: 14055: 14054: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14033: 14032: 14027: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14001: 13999: 13993: 13992: 13989: 13988: 13986: 13985: 13984: 13983: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13942: 13940: 13936: 13935: 13933: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13901: 13899: 13892: 13888: 13887: 13885: 13884: 13879: 13874: 13869: 13864: 13859: 13857:Japan Cocktail 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13818: 13816: 13810: 13809: 13807: 13806: 13804:Primary energy 13801: 13795: 13792: 13791: 13784: 13783: 13776: 13769: 13761: 13752: 13751: 13749: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13728: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13657: 13652: 13647: 13642: 13637: 13630: 13628: 13624: 13623: 13621: 13620: 13617:hybrid vehicle 13614: 13608:Transportation 13605: 13600: 13599: 13598: 13593: 13583: 13578: 13572: 13567: 13562: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13541: 13535: 13533: 13527: 13526: 13524: 13523: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13475: 13468: 13466: 13460: 13459: 13452: 13450: 13448: 13447: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13395: 13390: 13388:Sustainability 13385: 13380: 13375: 13370: 13368:Green building 13365: 13360: 13355: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13333:Eco-innovation 13330: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13304: 13302: 13298: 13297: 13290: 13289: 13282: 13275: 13267: 13258: 13257: 13255: 13254: 13242: 13230: 13215: 13212: 13211: 13208: 13207: 13204: 13203: 13201: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13188:Muon-catalyzed 13185: 13180: 13174: 13172: 13168: 13167: 13165: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13148: 13147: 13137: 13128: 13126: 13120: 13119: 13117: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13085: 13083: 13077: 13076: 13070: 13067: 13066: 13052: 13051: 13049: 13048: 13043: 13042: 13041: 13036: 13025: 13023: 13019: 13018: 13015: 13014: 13012: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12995: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12928: 12926: 12920: 12919: 12917: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12879:Integral (IFR) 12876: 12870: 12864: 12853: 12850: 12849: 12846: 12845: 12842: 12841: 12839: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12807: 12805: 12796: 12790: 12789: 12786: 12785: 12783: 12782: 12781: 12780: 12775: 12774: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12743: 12738: 12737: 12736: 12725: 12723: 12717: 12716: 12714: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12694: 12692: 12688: 12680: 12674: 12673: 12670: 12669: 12667: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12645: 12643: 12638: 12630: 12623: 12609: 12606: 12605: 12602: 12601: 12599: 12598: 12597: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12570: 12568: 12564: 12559: 12558: 12556: 12555: 12549: 12547: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12537: 12532: 12527: 12526: 12525: 12520: 12509: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12496: 12494: 12493: 12492: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12470: 12469: 12464: 12459: 12449: 12444: 12443: 12442: 12437: 12434: 12431: 12428: 12414: 12412: 12407: 12399: 12384: 12383: 12381: 12380: 12375: 12374: 12373: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12359: 12358: 12353: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12328: 12323: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12298: 12293: 12292: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12266: 12260: 12258: 12252: 12251: 12243: 12242: 12239: 12238: 12224: 12223: 12211: 12210: 12207: 12206: 12204: 12203: 12198: 12196:Uranium mining 12193: 12188: 12183: 12178: 12172: 12170: 12166: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12158: 12153: 12152: 12151: 12146: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12105: 12103: 12099: 12098: 12096: 12095: 12090: 12089: 12088: 12078: 12073: 12072: 12071: 12069:Minor actinide 12066: 12061: 12050: 12048: 12041: 12035: 12034: 12031: 12030: 12028: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12011: 12010: 12005: 11995: 11989: 11987: 11983: 11982: 11980: 11979: 11978: 11977: 11967: 11962: 11961: 11960: 11955: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11934: 11933: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11897: 11895: 11888: 11882: 11881: 11879: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11857: 11855: 11849: 11848: 11845: 11844: 11842: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11800: 11798: 11792: 11791: 11789: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11768: 11766:Autoradiograph 11762: 11760: 11751: 11745: 11744: 11742: 11741: 11740: 11739: 11729: 11728: 11727: 11717: 11716: 11715: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11674: 11672: 11666: 11665: 11663: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11606: 11604: 11598: 11597: 11595: 11594: 11593: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11581: 11580: 11575: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11529: 11527: 11521: 11520: 11518: 11517: 11516: 11515: 11510: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11488:Atomic nucleus 11485: 11480: 11475: 11469: 11467: 11459: 11458: 11451: 11450: 11443: 11436: 11428: 11419: 11418: 11416: 11415: 11403: 11390: 11387: 11386: 11384: 11383: 11378: 11372: 11370: 11366: 11365: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11342: 11340: 11336: 11335: 11333: 11332: 11327: 11321: 11319: 11315: 11314: 11312: 11311: 11306: 11300: 11298: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11290: 11284: 11282: 11278: 11277: 11275: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11258: 11256: 11252: 11251: 11249: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11222: 11220: 11216: 11215: 11213: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11196: 11194: 11190: 11189: 11187: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11160: 11158: 11144: 11140: 11139: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11106: 11104: 11100: 11099: 11097: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11084:Feed-in tariff 11081: 11079:Cost by source 11075: 11073: 11069: 11068: 11066: 11065: 11064: 11063: 11053: 11048: 11042: 11040: 11033: 11027: 11026: 11023: 11022: 11020: 11019: 11013: 11011: 11007: 11006: 11004: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10991:United Kingdom 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10861:Czech Republic 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10817: 10815: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10769:Solar chemical 10766: 10760: 10758: 10752: 10751: 10749: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10727: 10725: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10699: 10694: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10676:Floating solar 10672: 10670: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10627: 10625: 10616: 10610: 10609: 10590: 10588: 10586: 10585: 10580: 10574: 10572: 10568: 10567: 10565: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10548: 10545: 10544: 10537: 10536: 10529: 10522: 10514: 10505: 10504: 10502: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10483: 10471: 10459: 10444: 10441: 10440: 10438: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10385:Energy subsidy 10382: 10381: 10380: 10373:Energy storage 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10344: 10342: 10338: 10337: 10335: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10322:Siemens Gamesa 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10303: 10302: 10291: 10285: 10283: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10257: 10255: 10249: 10248: 10246: 10245: 10244: 10243: 10238: 10228: 10227: 10226: 10221: 10211: 10209:Unconventional 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10174:Crosswind kite 10171: 10166: 10160: 10158: 10152: 10151: 10149: 10148: 10143: 10141:Offshore farms 10138: 10133: 10127: 10125: 10119: 10118: 10116: 10115: 10114: 10113: 10103: 10102: 10101: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10065: 10063: 10057: 10056: 10049: 10048: 10041: 10034: 10026: 10017: 10016: 10014: 10013: 10003: 9992: 9989: 9988: 9986: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9964: 9962: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9928: 9926: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9892: 9890: 9886: 9885: 9882: 9881: 9879: 9878: 9877: 9876: 9869:United Kingdom 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9815: 9813: 9809: 9808: 9806: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9718:Czech Republic 9715: 9709: 9707: 9705:European Union 9698: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9609: 9607: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9556: 9554: 9548: 9547: 9540: 9539: 9532: 9525: 9517: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9504: 9492: 9480: 9468: 9455: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9448: 9443: 9441:Jevons paradox 9438: 9432: 9430: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9365:Energy storage 9362: 9357: 9356: 9355: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9334: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9312: 9310: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9298: 9297: 9296: 9291: 9281: 9280: 9279: 9274: 9264: 9263: 9262: 9257: 9247: 9242: 9241: 9240: 9235: 9225: 9224: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9203: 9198: 9197: 9196: 9191: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9169:Electric power 9166: 9160: 9158: 9150: 9149: 9147: 9146: 9141: 9136: 9131: 9130: 9129: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9098: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9077: 9071: 9069: 9067:Primary energy 9063: 9062: 9060: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9038: 9037: 9027: 9026: 9025: 9015: 9014: 9013: 9008: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8977: 8975: 8969: 8968: 8966: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8864: 8863: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8827: 8826: 8815: 8813: 8809: 8808: 8806: 8805: 8804: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8701:Entropic force 8698: 8691:Thermodynamics 8688: 8683: 8682: 8681: 8676: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8640: 8639: 8629: 8624: 8618: 8616: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8579: 8578: 8571: 8564: 8556: 8550: 8549: 8543: 8537: 8531: 8525: 8520: 8514: 8507: 8506:External links 8504: 8503: 8502: 8495: 8488: 8479: 8476: 8475: 8474: 8464:(8): 546–561. 8453: 8445: 8436: 8433: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8410: 8388: 8368: 8344: 8319: 8294: 8283:www.ucsusa.org 8270: 8263: 8227: 8203: 8179: 8155: 8146: 8134: 8120: 8100: 8086: 8066: 8054:(3): 695–698. 8024: 8005: 8002:on 2007-06-11. 7983: 7958: 7935: 7926: 7915: 7886: 7860: 7834: 7811: 7783: 7773: 7764: 7755: 7730: 7721: 7718:on 2010-09-22. 7699: 7647: 7622: 7609: 7591: 7578: 7553: 7538:. 2014-11-18. 7521: 7462: 7451: 7443:10.17226/12619 7423: 7394: 7326: 7323:on 2014-01-11. 7297: 7274: 7250: 7226: 7207:(2): 143–150. 7187: 7162: 7138: 7086: 7045: 7030: 7013:"Ocean Energy" 7004: 6963: 6942:(3): 299–312. 6926: 6921:978-0737709049 6920: 6902: 6883: 6862: 6852: 6827: 6824:on 1998-01-11. 6808: 6759: 6740: 6716: 6684: 6657: 6624: 6603:(3): 476–483. 6583: 6565: 6538: 6520: 6483: 6462: 6437: 6407: 6384: 6365: 6347: 6325: 6308:on 2011-09-05. 6278: 6252: 6205: 6186: 6171: 6146: 6115: 6084: 6045: 6006: 5967: 5928: 5889: 5851: 5827: 5804: 5748: 5718: 5688: 5658: 5648:. p. xv. 5633: 5615: 5592: 5559: 5526: 5523:on 2011-12-12. 5498: 5456: 5433: 5410: 5391: 5369: 5343: 5284: 5235: 5210: 5198: 5175:Conca, James. 5167: 5144: 5121: 5098: 5073: 5050: 5027: 4967: 4935: 4899: 4861: 4818: 4799: 4780: 4748: 4726:Sturgis, Sue. 4718: 4711: 4688: 4669: 4622: 4602: 4579: 4548: 4499: 4474: 4449: 4435:. 2013-06-07. 4420: 4395: 4367: 4332: 4313: 4294: 4264: 4255: 4233: 4230:on 2014-08-12. 4211: 4182: 4157: 4148: 4129: 4120: 4101: 4091: 4082: 4070: 4058: 4049: 4037: 4028: 4002: 3977: 3964:energyinst.org 3950: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3943: 3922: 3918: 3917: 3888: 3884: 3883: 3862: 3858: 3857: 3812: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3791: 3790: 3776: 3762: 3746: 3743: 3686: 3683: 3651:Main article: 3648: 3645: 3635:. A low speed 3597:Main article: 3578: 3575: 3566:Main article: 3563: 3560: 3536:Main article: 3518: 3515: 3492:Main article: 3489: 3486: 3431: 3430:Nuclear energy 3428: 3334: 3331: 3323:Thermodynamics 3318:Thermodynamics 3316:Main article: 3313: 3312:Thermodynamics 3310: 3278:Infrastructure 3246: 3243: 3242: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232:climate change 3217: 3214:Transportation 3211: 3205: 3191: 3177: 3163: 3149: 3139: 3125: 3120: 3090: 3084:thermodynamics 3072: 3069: 3031: 3028: 3011:space industry 2829: 2826: 2781: 2778: 2761:sustainability 2749:Main article: 2738: 2737:Sustainability 2735: 2731:Colin Campbell 2640: 2637: 2621:thermal energy 2573:kinetic energy 2532:Energy storage 2503: 2500: 2487: 2484: 2464:infrastructure 2410:Main article: 2396: 2393: 2351: 2348: 2319: 2316: 2296:transportation 2252:Main article: 2237: 2234: 2159:global warming 2151:Main article: 2148: 2145: 2132:marine mammals 2044:kinetic energy 2012:Main article: 2009: 2006: 1994:global warming 1969:times and for 1902:thermal energy 1879:Main article: 1876: 1873: 1865:European Union 1829:vegetable oils 1786:crops such as 1774:, mostly from 1692: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1675: 1668: 1667: 1666: 1665: 1664: 1652: 1649: 1636:sustainability 1558: 1557: 1523: 1521: 1514: 1509: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1490: 1479: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1456: 1453: 1447: 1446: 1444: 1433: 1430: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1410: 1407: 1401: 1400: 1398: 1387: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1364: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1352: 1341: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1314: 1291:United Kingdom 1277:. Most of the 1181: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1164: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1140:carbon dioxide 1137:greenhouse gas 1131:in Venezuela. 1086: 1083: 1003: 996: 995: 994: 993: 992: 975:Main article: 972: 969: 939: 936: 906:-survey, 2011) 882:Main article: 879: 876: 855: 852: 840:nuclear safety 821: 818: 798:greenhouse gas 628:naval reactors 604:is the use of 582: 575: 574: 573: 546:USS Enterprise 528: 521: 520: 519: 518: 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 503:kilowatt hours 452:climate change 436:carbon dioxide 421:global warming 374:kinetic energy 350:, such as the 306:energy density 301:primary energy 220: 217: 167: 164: 68: 67: 48: 46: 39: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15327: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15292: 15290: 15275: 15267: 15266: 15263: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15220: 15219: 15217: 15213: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15147: 15144: 15142: 15139: 15137: 15134: 15132: 15129: 15127: 15124: 15122: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15112: 15109: 15107: 15104: 15102: 15099: 15097: 15094: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15079: 15069: 15068:Valero Energy 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15033:Suncor Energy 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14935: 14933: 14929: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14889: 14887: 14885: 14881: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14770: 14767: 14765: 14762: 14760: 14757: 14755: 14752: 14750: 14747: 14745: 14742: 14740: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14730: 14727: 14725: 14722: 14720: 14717: 14715: 14712: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14702: 14700: 14697: 14695: 14692: 14690: 14687: 14685: 14682: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14669: 14663: 14662:TotalEnergies 14660: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14634: 14632: 14630: 14626: 14623: 14620: 14611: 14608: 14606:organisations 14604:Companies and 14602: 14594: 14591: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14575: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14543:Petrocurrency 14541: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14528: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14516:Oil shale gas 14514: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14501: 14499: 14497: 14496:Abbreviations 14494: 14493: 14491: 14487: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14455:Permian Basin 14453: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14412: 14410: 14404: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14392:United States 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14352:Seven Sisters 14350: 14348: 14345: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14294: 14292: 14290: 14286: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14229: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14202: 14201: 14198: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14185: 14184: 14181: 14180: 14178: 14176: 14172: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14149: 14146: 14145: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14127: 14124: 14123: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14105: 14102: 14101: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14088: 14085: 14084: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14074: 14072: 14070: 14066: 14060: 14057: 14053: 14050: 14049: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14022: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14005:Core sampling 14003: 14002: 14000: 13998: 13994: 13982: 13979: 13978: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13943: 13941: 13937: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13902: 13900: 13896: 13893: 13889: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13842:Indian Basket 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13819: 13817: 13815: 13811: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13796: 13793: 13789: 13782: 13777: 13775: 13770: 13768: 13763: 13762: 13759: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13727: 13724: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13661: 13660:New Classical 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13646: 13643: 13641: 13638: 13636: 13632: 13631: 13629: 13625: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13588: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13566: 13563: 13561: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13536: 13534: 13532: 13528: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13470: 13469: 13467: 13465: 13461: 13456: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13434:refurbishment 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397:Sustainable ( 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13373:Green vehicle 13371: 13369: 13366: 13364: 13361: 13359: 13356: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13338:Ecotechnology 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13305: 13303: 13299: 13295: 13288: 13283: 13281: 13276: 13274: 13269: 13268: 13265: 13253: 13252: 13243: 13241: 13240: 13231: 13229: 13228: 13217: 13216: 13213: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13175: 13173: 13169: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13146: 13145:electrostatic 13143: 13142: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13125: 13121: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13090: 13087: 13086: 13084: 13082: 13078: 13074: 13068: 13063: 13057: 13047: 13044: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13031: 13030: 13027: 13026: 13024: 13020: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12934: 12933: 12930: 12929: 12927: 12925: 12924:Generation IV 12921: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12874:Breeder (FBR) 12872: 12871: 12868: 12865: 12860: 12851: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12822: 12819: 12817: 12814: 12812: 12809: 12808: 12806: 12804: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12791: 12779: 12776: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12753: 12752: 12749: 12748: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12735: 12732: 12731: 12730: 12727: 12726: 12724: 12722: 12718: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12700: 12696: 12695: 12693: 12691: 12684: 12681: 12679: 12675: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12646: 12644: 12642: 12634: 12631: 12627: 12624: 12619: 12612: 12607: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12576: 12575: 12572: 12571: 12569: 12567: 12560: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12548: 12546: 12542: 12536: 12533: 12531: 12528: 12524: 12521: 12519: 12516: 12515: 12514: 12511: 12510: 12508: 12506: 12498: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12458: 12455: 12454: 12453: 12450: 12448: 12445: 12441: 12438: 12435: 12432: 12429: 12426: 12425: 12424: 12421: 12420: 12419: 12416: 12415: 12413: 12411: 12403: 12400: 12396: 12389: 12385: 12379: 12376: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12348: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12322: 12319: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12303: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12271: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12261: 12259: 12257: 12253: 12248: 12247: 12240: 12235: 12229: 12225: 12221: 12216: 12212: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12176:Nuclear power 12174: 12173: 12171: 12167: 12157: 12156:Transmutation 12154: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12141: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12106: 12104: 12100: 12094: 12091: 12087: 12084: 12083: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12056: 12055: 12052: 12051: 12049: 12045: 12042: 12040: 12036: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 12000: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11990: 11988: 11984: 11976: 11973: 11972: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11953:high-altitude 11951: 11950: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11943:Proliferation 11941: 11939: 11936: 11932: 11929: 11928: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11883: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11858: 11856: 11854: 11850: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11829:Brachytherapy 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11801: 11799: 11797: 11793: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11763: 11761: 11759: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11746: 11738: 11735: 11734: 11733: 11730: 11726: 11723: 11722: 11721: 11718: 11714: 11711: 11710: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11675: 11673: 11671: 11667: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11625:Cross section 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11607: 11605: 11603: 11599: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11570: 11569: 11566: 11565: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11530: 11528: 11526: 11522: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11505: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11470: 11468: 11464: 11460: 11456: 11449: 11444: 11442: 11437: 11435: 11430: 11429: 11426: 11414: 11413: 11404: 11402: 11401: 11392: 11391: 11388: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11376:Photovoltaics 11374: 11373: 11371: 11367: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11343: 11341: 11339:Water heating 11337: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11322: 11320: 11316: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11301: 11299: 11295: 11289: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11279: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11267:Solar furnace 11265: 11263: 11260: 11259: 11257: 11253: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11223: 11221: 11217: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11197: 11195: 11191: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11161: 11159: 11157: 11152: 11148: 11145: 11141: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11125:Solar vehicle 11123: 11121: 11120:Solar balloon 11118: 11116: 11115:Electric boat 11113: 11111: 11108: 11107: 11105: 11101: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11076: 11074: 11070: 11062: 11059: 11058: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11043: 11041: 11037: 11034: 11028: 11018: 11015: 11014: 11012: 11008: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10996:United States 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10814: 10810: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10764:Magnetic sail 10762: 10761: 10759: 10753: 10747: 10746:Solar tracker 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10728: 10726: 10724: 10720: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704:(solar panel) 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693:(and systems) 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10673: 10671: 10667: 10666:Photovoltaics 10663: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10641:Solar chimney 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10611: 10606: 10600: 10594: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10569: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10549: 10546: 10542: 10535: 10530: 10528: 10523: 10521: 10516: 10515: 10512: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10482: 10481: 10472: 10470: 10469: 10460: 10458: 10457: 10452: 10446: 10445: 10442: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10379: 10376: 10375: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10339: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10323: 10320: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10301: 10297: 10296: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10286: 10284: 10282: 10281:Manufacturers 10278: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10266:Manufacturers 10264: 10262: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10254: 10250: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10233: 10232: 10229: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10216: 10215: 10214:Vertical-axis 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10194:Pitch bearing 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10161: 10159: 10157: 10156:Wind turbines 10153: 10147: 10146:Onshore farms 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10128: 10126: 10124: 10120: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10107: 10104: 10100: 10097: 10096: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10084:Land vehicles 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10047: 10042: 10040: 10035: 10033: 10028: 10027: 10024: 10012: 10008: 10004: 10002: 9994: 9993: 9990: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9965: 9963: 9961:South America 9959: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9929: 9927: 9923: 9917: 9916:United States 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9893: 9891: 9889:North America 9887: 9875: 9872: 9871: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9810: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9702: 9699: 9695: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9606: 9602: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9538: 9533: 9531: 9526: 9524: 9519: 9518: 9515: 9503: 9502: 9493: 9491: 9490: 9485: 9481: 9479: 9478: 9469: 9467: 9466: 9457: 9456: 9453: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9427: 9421: 9420:United States 9418: 9416: 9415:South America 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9354: 9351: 9350: 9349: 9348:Energy policy 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9317: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9309: 9303: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9282: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9272:Solar furnace 9270: 9269: 9268: 9265: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9252: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9230: 9229: 9228:Nuclear power 9226: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9208: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9185: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9161: 9159: 9155: 9154:Energy system 9151: 9145: 9142: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9132: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9123: 9120: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9107:Gravitational 9105: 9103: 9100: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9082: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9064: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9036: 9035:Hydrogen fuel 9033: 9032: 9031: 9028: 9024: 9021: 9020: 9019: 9016: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9003: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8974: 8970: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8862: 8859: 8858: 8857: 8856:Gravitational 8854: 8852: 8849: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8820: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8810: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8726:Heat transfer 8724: 8722: 8721:Heat capacity 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8674:Negative mass 8672: 8671: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8654:Energy system 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8638: 8635: 8634: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8619: 8617: 8611: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8591: 8588: 8584: 8577: 8572: 8570: 8565: 8563: 8558: 8557: 8554: 8547: 8544: 8541: 8538: 8535: 8532: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8509: 8501: 8500: 8496: 8494: 8493: 8489: 8487: 8486: 8482: 8481: 8471: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8454: 8451: 8450: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8437: 8434: 8431: 8430:Nature Energy 8427: 8423: 8419: 8418: 8407: 8403: 8400: 8399: 8392: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8372: 8358: 8354: 8348: 8334: 8330: 8327:US EPA, OAR. 8323: 8308: 8304: 8298: 8284: 8280: 8274: 8266: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8244: 8240: 8239: 8231: 8217: 8213: 8212:"BiblioBoard" 8207: 8193: 8189: 8183: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8150: 8144: 8138: 8123: 8117: 8113: 8112: 8104: 8089: 8083: 8079: 8078: 8070: 8061: 8057: 8053: 8049: 8045: 8039: 8035: 8028: 8021: 8017: 8014: 8009: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7987: 7981: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7968:S.A.P.I.EN.S. 7962: 7956: 7952: 7949: 7945: 7939: 7930: 7924: 7919: 7905:on 2014-08-25 7904: 7900: 7896: 7890: 7883: 7879: 7876: 7872: 7869: 7864: 7857: 7853: 7850: 7846: 7843: 7838: 7831: 7827: 7823: 7820: 7815: 7804: 7800: 7793: 7787: 7777: 7768: 7759: 7745:on 2013-07-02 7744: 7740: 7734: 7725: 7717: 7713: 7709: 7703: 7695: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7658: 7651: 7637:on 2009-04-29 7636: 7632: 7626: 7619: 7613: 7606: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7588: 7582: 7567: 7563: 7557: 7541: 7537: 7536: 7531: 7525: 7517: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7497: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7466: 7458: 7454: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7435: 7427: 7416: 7412: 7411:Energy Policy 7405: 7398: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7340: 7336: 7330: 7319: 7315: 7308: 7305:IPCC (2011). 7301: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7278: 7264: 7260: 7254: 7240: 7236: 7230: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7191: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7152: 7148: 7142: 7134: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7101:Energy Policy 7098: 7090: 7082: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7065:(1): 012025. 7064: 7060: 7056: 7049: 7041: 7034: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7008: 7000: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6967: 6959: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6930: 6923: 6917: 6913: 6906: 6899: 6895: 6892: 6887: 6880: 6879:9781420075700 6876: 6873:, CRC Press, 6872: 6866: 6856: 6841: 6837: 6831: 6823: 6819: 6812: 6804: 6798: 6790: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6763: 6756: 6752: 6749: 6744: 6733: 6726: 6720: 6706:on 2012-05-30 6705: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6689: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6661: 6652: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6628: 6620: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6587: 6579: 6575: 6569: 6558: 6551: 6545: 6543: 6536: 6532: 6529: 6524: 6516: 6510: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6487: 6481: 6477: 6474: 6469: 6467: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6442: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6377: 6374: 6369: 6363: 6359: 6356: 6351: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6329: 6321: 6315: 6304: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6266: 6262: 6256: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6222: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6202: 6198: 6195: 6190: 6182: 6175: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6158: 6155: 6150: 6136:on 2014-09-24 6135: 6131: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6101: 6094: 6088: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6059:Energy Policy 6056: 6049: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6010: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5987:: 1554–1562. 5986: 5982: 5978: 5971: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5932: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5893: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5855: 5841: 5837: 5831: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5808: 5801: 5794: 5790: 5783: 5777: 5770: 5766: 5759: 5752: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5722: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5692: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5662: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5603: 5596: 5577: 5570: 5563: 5548:on 2022-12-10 5546: 5541: 5537: 5530: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5479: 5472: 5471: 5463: 5461: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5437: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5414: 5406: 5402: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5382:The Economist 5379: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5350: 5348: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5239: 5225:on 2013-07-02 5224: 5220: 5214: 5207: 5202: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5171: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5125: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5031: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4978: 4971: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4939: 4932: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4903: 4887: 4883: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4865: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4822: 4814: 4810: 4803: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4784: 4770:on 2013-08-26 4769: 4765: 4761: 4755: 4753: 4738:on 2010-04-18 4737: 4733: 4729: 4722: 4714: 4712:9780674065062 4708: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4692: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4673: 4667: 4663: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4626: 4619: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4598: 4594: 4593:Union-Tribune 4590: 4583: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4557:"Beyond ITER" 4552: 4546: 4540: 4534: 4520:on 2015-02-26 4516: 4509: 4503: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4464:on 2013-10-04 4463: 4459: 4453: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4384: 4380: 4379:"PRIS - Home" 4374: 4372: 4357:on 2012-11-18 4353: 4349: 4342: 4336: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4317: 4311: 4307: 4304: 4298: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4268: 4259: 4253: 4249: 4246: 4242: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4215: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4186: 4172:on 2007-10-21 4171: 4167: 4161: 4152: 4145: 4141: 4138: 4133: 4124: 4117: 4113: 4110: 4105: 4095: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4032: 4016: 4012: 4006: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3966:. 23 Jul 2023 3965: 3961: 3955: 3951: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3815:Energy policy 3813: 3810: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3777: 3774: 3768: 3763: 3760: 3759:Energy portal 3754: 3749: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3718:latent energy 3715: 3711: 3710:interseasonal 3706: 3704: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3637:water turbine 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3600: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3574: 3569: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3547:Wind turbines 3544: 3543:Wind turbines 3539: 3531: 3527: 3526:Wind turbines 3523: 3514: 3512: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3451:nuclear power 3448: 3441: 3440:steam turbine 3436: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3385:air pollution 3382: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3365:and chemical 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3344: 3339: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3156:petrochemical 3153: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105:air pollution 3102: 3098: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3062: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3027: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2962: 2961:energy crises 2958: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2929: 2925: 2915: 2905: 2893: 2887: 2886:Nuclear fuels 2878: 2868: 2859: 2850: 2846: 2834: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2791:Brittle Power 2787: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2770:air pollution 2766: 2762: 2758: 2752: 2743: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2601:hydroelectric 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2561:gravitational 2558: 2554: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2537: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2508: 2499: 2495: 2492: 2483: 2482:, Australia. 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2468:CurrentEnergy 2465: 2461: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2445:space weather 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2347: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2329: 2324: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2247: 2242: 2233: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2154: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2067:wind turbines 2064: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2015: 2014:Marine energy 2005: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1971:space heating 1968: 1964: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1827:is made from 1826: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1776:carbohydrates 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1700: 1696: 1689: 1679: 1672: 1662: 1658: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1626:In 2011, the 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1606:passive solar 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1554: 1551:November 2022 1544: 1543:summary style 1540: 1534: 1530: 1528: 1524:This article 1522: 1513: 1512: 1506: 1491: 1480: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1457: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1434: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1422: 1411: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1388: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1365: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1342: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1267:United States 1264: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1236:United States 1233: 1229: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1197:wind turbines 1194: 1184: 1183:Global growth 1178: 1167: 1161: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1103: 1099: 1096: 1091: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1048:space heating 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1000: 988: 983: 978: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 943:South Korean 935: 932: 928: 925: 921: 916: 913: 905: 900: 894: 890: 885: 875: 873: 869: 865: 861: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 830:Japan's 2011 827: 817: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 792: 788: 783: 779: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 752: 749: 745: 740: 737: 733: 732:air pollution 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 633:In 2013, the 631: 629: 625: 621: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 602:Nuclear power 593: 589: 586: 579: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 547: 542: 541: 535: 534: 525: 506: 504: 500: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 364:is a form of 363: 359: 357: 353: 349: 343: 341: 337: 330: 326: 322: 317: 313: 311: 307: 302: 297: 295: 290: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 253:Fossil fuel ( 250: 246: 238: 234: 230: 225: 216: 212: 210: 206: 202: 192: 187: 186:Energy policy 183: 179: 173: 163: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 136: 132: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 90: 82: 74: 64: 52: 47: 38: 37: 33: 19: 15171:Schlumberger 15101:Baker Hughes 14993:Marathon Oil 14983:Imperial Oil 14978:Husky Energy 14968:Galp Energia 14958:Devon Energy 14844:Saudi Aramco 14824:Petrovietnam 14769:NNPC Limited 14673:National oil 14553:Petrofiction 14521:Orphan wells 14489:Other topics 14460:Persian Gulf 14387:Saudi Arabia 14357:Standard Oil 14165:Well logging 14042:Petrophysics 13736:Permaculture 13655:New Urbanism 13627:Conservation 13548: 13419:food systems 13404:architecture 13249: 13237: 13218: 13198:Pyroelectric 13152:Laser-driven 12932:Sodium (SFR) 12859:fast-neutron 12698: 12244: 12134:Reprocessing 12015:WMD treaties 11834:Radiosurgery 11804:Fast-neutron 11776:Scintigraphy 11410: 11398: 11325:Desalination 11318:Desalination 11297:Disinfection 11288:Solar cooker 11255:Process heat 11156:horticulture 11143:Applications 11103:Applications 11094:Net metering 11030:Distribution 10966:South Africa 10956:Saudi Arabia 10757:and proposed 10755:Experimental 10723:Concentrated 10656:Thermal mass 10541:Solar energy 10478: 10466: 10447: 10395:Hybrid power 10164:Aerodynamics 9937:Cook Islands 9595:South Africa 9499: 9487: 9475: 9463: 9352: 9245:Oil refinery 9189:Cogeneration 9122:Nuclear fuel 8928:Quintessence 8716:Free entropy 8649:Energy level 8613:Fundamental 8498: 8491: 8484: 8461: 8458:Technovation 8457: 8447: 8439: 8429: 8397: 8391: 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Retrieved 8356: 8347: 8336:. Retrieved 8332: 8322: 8311:. Retrieved 8309:. 2012-11-20 8306: 8297: 8286:. Retrieved 8282: 8273: 8237: 8230: 8219:. Retrieved 8215: 8206: 8195:. Retrieved 8191: 8182: 8171:. Retrieved 8167: 8158: 8149: 8137: 8125:. Retrieved 8110: 8103: 8091:. Retrieved 8076: 8069: 8051: 8047: 8027: 8008: 8000:the original 7995: 7986: 7970: 7967: 7961: 7938: 7929: 7918: 7907:. Retrieved 7903:the original 7895:Andrew Grove 7889: 7882:The American 7881: 7878:Andrew Grove 7863: 7855: 7837: 7814: 7803:the original 7799:deloitte.com 7798: 7786: 7776: 7767: 7758: 7747:. Retrieved 7743:the original 7733: 7724: 7716:the original 7711: 7702: 7667: 7663: 7650: 7639:. Retrieved 7635:the original 7625: 7612: 7602: 7594: 7581: 7570:. Retrieved 7556: 7544:. Retrieved 7533: 7524: 7479: 7475: 7465: 7433: 7426: 7410: 7397: 7349: 7345: 7329: 7318:the original 7313: 7300: 7287: 7277: 7266:. Retrieved 7262: 7253: 7242:. Retrieved 7238: 7229: 7204: 7200: 7190: 7179:. Retrieved 7177:. 2019-12-20 7174: 7165: 7154:. Retrieved 7150: 7141: 7124:10362/159623 7104: 7100: 7089: 7062: 7058: 7048: 7039: 7033: 7017:SpringerLink 7016: 7007: 6980: 6976: 6966: 6939: 6935: 6929: 6911: 6905: 6886: 6870: 6865: 6855: 6844:. Retrieved 6830: 6822:the original 6811: 6797:cite journal 6775:(1): 25–32. 6772: 6768: 6762: 6743: 6719: 6708:. Retrieved 6704:the original 6670: 6666: 6660: 6641: 6637: 6627: 6600: 6597:Clean Energy 6596: 6586: 6568: 6557:the original 6523: 6496: 6486: 6452: 6428:. Retrieved 6419: 6410: 6397: 6387: 6368: 6350: 6338:The Guardian 6337: 6328: 6303:the original 6269:. Retrieved 6265:the original 6261:"Renewables" 6255: 6243:. Retrieved 6236:the original 6227: 6189: 6180: 6174: 6164: 6149: 6138:. Retrieved 6134:the original 6107:. Retrieved 6087: 6062: 6058: 6048: 6023: 6019: 6009: 5984: 5980: 5970: 5945: 5941: 5931: 5906: 5902: 5892: 5867: 5863: 5854: 5843:. Retrieved 5839: 5830: 5817: 5807: 5799: 5788: 5775: 5764: 5751: 5740:. Retrieved 5721: 5709:. Retrieved 5705:the original 5700: 5691: 5679:. Retrieved 5670: 5661: 5636: 5625:. Retrieved 5601: 5595: 5583:. Retrieved 5576:the original 5562: 5552:12 September 5550:. Retrieved 5545:the original 5539: 5529: 5521:the original 5516: 5478:the original 5469: 5446: 5436: 5423: 5413: 5394: 5381: 5372: 5359: 5301: 5297: 5287: 5252: 5248: 5238: 5227:. Retrieved 5223:the original 5213: 5201: 5189:. Retrieved 5180: 5170: 5157: 5147: 5134: 5124: 5111: 5101: 5090:. Retrieved 5076: 5063: 5053: 5041:The Guardian 5040: 5030: 5021: 5017: 4987: 4983: 4970: 4959:. Retrieved 4948: 4938: 4922:. Retrieved 4911: 4902: 4892:15 September 4890:. Retrieved 4877: 4871: 4870:"Dr. MacKay 4864: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4802: 4783: 4772:. Retrieved 4768:the original 4763: 4740:. Retrieved 4736:the original 4721: 4701: 4691: 4672: 4630: 4625: 4617: 4605: 4592: 4582: 4569:. Retrieved 4565:the original 4560: 4551: 4544: 4522:. Retrieved 4515:the original 4502: 4491:. Retrieved 4477: 4466:. Retrieved 4462:the original 4452: 4441:. Retrieved 4433:Taipei Times 4432: 4423: 4412:. Retrieved 4408:the original 4398: 4387:. Retrieved 4381:. Iaea.org. 4359:. Retrieved 4352:the original 4335: 4316: 4297: 4285:. Retrieved 4267: 4258: 4240: 4236: 4228:the original 4223: 4214: 4203:. Retrieved 4199:the original 4185: 4174:. Retrieved 4170:the original 4160: 4151: 4132: 4123: 4104: 4094: 4085: 4073: 4061: 4052: 4040: 4031: 4019:. Retrieved 4014: 4011:"Flowcharts" 4005: 3993:. Retrieved 3989: 3980: 3968:. Retrieved 3963: 3954: 3891:Raw material 3707: 3688: 3667:power plants 3656: 3602: 3585:Building of 3571: 3556: 3551:aerodynamics 3541: 3509: 3504:photovoltaic 3471: 3445: 3421: 3407:boilers and 3379: 3371:incinerators 3348: 3321: 3274:transformers 3256: 3188:solar energy 3160:fossil fuels 3074: 3065: 3058: 3054:side effects 3033: 3008: 2980:fossil fuels 2974:transformed 2969: 2965: 2946: 2932: 2845:Liquid fuels 2821: 2804:Andrew Grove 2797: 2789: 2783: 2754: 2714: 2704: 2700:Solar System 2672:solar energy 2665: 2661: 2653:Scheldemolen 2652: 2625:Fossil fuels 2581:power to gas 2550: 2539: 2496: 2489: 2457: 2415: 2359: 2339:distribution 2332: 2318:Transmission 2313: 2308:twin pillars 2307: 2301: 2285: 2261: 2257: 2230: 2222:Amory Lovins 2207: 2203: 2184: 2156: 2104: 2075: 2052: 2039: 2030:, shifts in 2019: 2017: 1998: 1987: 1960: 1938: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1899: 1860:ethanol fuel 1856: 1845:hydrocarbons 1823: 1778:produced in 1772:fermentation 1762: 1706: 1695:ethanol fuel 1618:thermal mass 1584:to generate 1563:Solar energy 1561: 1548: 1525: 1505:Solar energy 1298:London Array 1261:Many of the 1260: 1254:, and 9% in 1225: 1215:wind farms. 1207:. 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Ramana 8168:www.msn.com 7670:(1): 1–18. 7564:. 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Jul 2023 3947:References 3800:Technology 3703:waste heat 3690:Heat pumps 3679:fuel cells 3599:Hydropower 3577:Hydropower 3562:Geothermal 3538:Wind power 3517:Wind power 3359:Combustion 3266:generators 3202:hydropower 3146:geothermal 3117:fuel cells 3101:combustion 2996:irrigation 2988:pesticides 2953:strategies 2818:smart grid 2780:Resilience 2713:published 2686:above the 2480:Queensland 2472:California 2449:solar wind 2426:distribute 2354:See also: 2343:fuel cells 2335:technology 2198:hydropower 2190:wind power 2055:wave power 1926:geothermal 1875:Geothermal 1764:Bioethanol 1754:oil prices 1729:microalgae 1699:California 1527:duplicates 1313:Wind farm 1234:, and the 1205:wind farms 1193:Wind power 1125:Itaipu Dam 1123:in China, 1113:hydropower 802:gigatonnes 728:hydropower 540:Long Beach 533:Bainbridge 499:coal plant 497:A typical 432:combustion 398:combustion 358:for coal. 321:horizontal 201:wind power 176:See also: 150:, and the 15186:TC Energy 15087:companies 14917:Trafigura 14864:Sonatrach 14809:Petrobras 14799:Pertamina 14709:Ecopetrol 14675:companies 14619:companies 14617:petroleum 14593:tight oil 14588:oil shale 14583:oil sands 14563:Shale gas 14504:sweet oil 14475:Venezuela 14450:North Sea 14406:Provinces 14397:Venezuela 14244:Midstream 13939:Petroleum 13799:Petroleum 13741:Recycling 13464:Pollution 13444:transport 13104:Spheromak 12803:Fluorides 12467:IPHWR-700 12462:IPHWR-540 12457:IPHWR-220 12246:Moderator 11926:Explosion 11901:Arms race 11688:Economics 11640:Reflector 11635:Radiation 11630:Generator 11585:Plutonium 11538:Deuterium 11503:Radiation 11473:Chemistry 11179:Row cover 10911:Lithuania 10831:Australia 10731:Heliostat 9968:Argentina 9932:Australia 9768:Lithuania 9668:Palestine 9643:Indonesia 9395:Australia 9331:Transport 9326:Computing 9294:Wind farm 9221:Wave farm 9095:Petroleum 9075:Bioenergy 9047:Radiation 8986:Capacitor 8908:Potential 7694:157313814 7512:206529026 7335:S. 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