497:(CPUC). This would be the largest lithium-ion battery energy storage system in the world. The project began construction in December 2019, and Phase 1 began operating at the end of 2020. It is made of LG JH4 cells in TR1300 racks in two storeys in the old turbine hall. Phase 2 adding a further 100 MW / 400 MWh was completed in August 2021, bringing total capacity to 400 MW / 1,600 MWh. In September 2021, Phase 1 was shut down after a high temperature event caused by a leak in a liquid cooling hose, while Phase 2 kept operating. In February 2022, Phase 1 remained offline while Phase 2 also went offline after a sprinkler event. Most of the facility was back in operation as of July 2022. In 2023, construction of Phase 3 with another 350 MW / 1,400 MWh was underway to bring total capacity to 750 MW / 3,000 MWh, and commissioned in August 2023.
257:
31:
265:
388:
capacity, but a similar amount (mostly ocean cooled) would be retired by 2021. The glut in electricity capacity is partially a result of policies which guarantee utilities like PG&E (a regulated monopoly) a return on investment for building new power plants, even when they are not needed. Independent power producers like Dynegy, on the other hand, do not have a guaranteed return on their investment. Power production has dropped considerably, reducing taxes paid to
536:
actions were taken. Specifically, it was found that mitigating actions were required to minimize the environmental impact of the project on "biological resources" such as wildlife habitat, and on "cultural resources", especially culturally-significant archaeological sites at the proposed location of the
Megapack deployment.
667:
606:
535:
Resource
Management Agency published a Mitigated Negative Declaration, detailing actions that must be taken to mitigate potential environmental impacts of the project. The report concluded that the project would have a "Less than Significant Impact" on the environment, assuming the correct mitigating
967:
California has a big — and growing — glut of power, an investigation by the Los
Angeles Times has found. The state's power plants are on track to be able to produce at least 21% more electricity than it needs by 2020, based on official estimates. And that doesn't even count the soaring production of
973:
Utilities are typically guaranteed a rate of return of about 10.5% for the cost of each new plant regardless of need. This creates a major incentive to keep construction going: Utilities can make more money building new plants than by buying and reselling readily available electricity from existing
440:
The generation process for units 6 and 7 starts with natural gas injected at one end of the boiler to be burned. Primary water is injected at the other end of the boiler to receive the heat produced. The gas simply comes from a natural gas pipeline, and combustion products go up the stack and into
387:
In
February 2017, independent power producer Dynegy, Inc. announced that it may close the gas plant, due to market conditions resulting from a glut of wholesale electricity capacity in California making it difficult to operate profitably. By 2018, California had 7,000 MW of surplus generating
1574:
The BESS project will have the capacity to dispatch up to 730 megawatt hours (MWh) of energy to the electrical grid at a maximum rate of 182.5 MW for up to 4 hours during periods of high demand. The purpose of the
Elkhorn Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Project (project) is to enable
1478:
transform the voltage between the 34.5 kV power conversion systems and the 500 kV transmission systems. The substations would contain the 500 kV transformer control house and associated breakers, switches, and miscellaneous equipment necessary to tap into existing 500 kV
370:
units, 50% more efficient than the other units, because they use two turbines: first, a pair of 170 MW gas turbines, then a 190 MW steam turbine, for a total of 530 MW each. When completed in 2002, the plant was the largest power plant in
California by capacity, at 2560 MW.
1741:
Pacific Gas and
Electric Co.'s 182.5-MW Tesla Moss Landing Battery Energy Storage Project (Elkhorn), for instance, a marquee project planned near the shores of California's Monterey Bay, was on track to start construction in late March. That will not happen now as Pacific Gas and Electric, or
327:
of 750 MWh MW / 3,000 MWh of power, potentially the world's largest when completed. A fire occurred on site in 2022 during construction, and PG&E and Tesla took corrective actions. The project still moved forward and Phase III was completed and went into operation in June 2023.
457:
Combustion products drive the gas turbines directly. First, air is drawn from the air intake to the compressor (driven by the turbine axle), then it is burned with natural gas in the combustion chamber. The hot combustion gasses then go through the actual turbine (driving the axle). From a
445:. Then it is purified, used to cool down the water coming from the turbines, and discharged into the ocean. Steam for the turbines is created from the primary water flow, which is preheated before entering the boiler. From the boiler, the superheated steam is directed into a first
663:
598:
343:
In 1964, the construction of two additional units began (6 and 7), with two new 500-foot (150 m) stacks. These two units had a capacity of 750 MW each for a total of 1500 MW, with 180 feet (55 m) tall boilers. They employed a newer technology using
519:
The project is designed to improve energy reliability and to allow for more renewable energy sources to be used at the Moss
Landing site by increasing electricity storage available in California. The project also aims to save costs by reducing PG&E's reliance on
424:
Both the supercritical units and the combined cycle units use once-through cooling. The supercritical units have a cooling requirement of 600,000 US gallons (2,300 m) per minute, and the combined cycle units a requirement of 250,000 US gallons (950 m).
1690:
1030:"It's huge for the area and as you know the power plant has been gradually shutting down and they producing about one-tenth of the power they used to produce in the past and that hurts us from a tax standpoint," said Monterey County Supervisor John Phillips.
1703:
The same union group, represented by the same law firm, offered a similar critique a few years ago when the county was considering
California Flats solar project in South County. The threat of a lawsuit allowed organized labor to get concessions from the
437:. These units were retired at the end of 2016. At the end of their life, units 6 and 7 were typically operated as peaking units when demand for electricity was highest. In 2016, the last year of operation, they only operated approximately 3% of the time.
1143:
493:, using the existing turbine building and existing interconnection from units 6 and 7, connecting to the 500 kV grid. Vistra Energy expected the energy storage system to begin commercial operation by the end of 2020, pending receipt of approval from
1728:
547:
when performing its environmental assessment. This same union group, with the same legal representation, used similar arguments against the
California Flats solar project in order for organized labor to get concessions from the developer.
1174:
916:
1575:
PG&E to provide reliable and flexible power to the electrical system at and around PG&E's Moss Landing Substation, which serves the South Bay-Moss Landing local sub-area, spanning Silicon Valley to the central coast.
1682:
1443:
1861:
1758:
1531:
1045:
512:(PG&E) asked the CPUC to approve four energy storage projects located at Moss Landing including another large lithium-ion battery storage system of 182.5 MW / 730 MWh ("Elkhorn") to be provided by
365:
Starting in 2000, the eight 225-foot (69 m) stacks and 19 fuel oil storage tanks were removed, and two new units were built on the former site. The new units 1 and 2 were brought online in 2002. They are
1135:
441:
the atmosphere. Water has a much more complicated path, and consists of two distinct systems: coolant water and primary (steam-generating) water. Cooling water is pumped out of the Monterey Bay or the nearby
465:
At the output of the gas turbines, some of the remaining energy (heat) in the exhaust gas is recovered through a heat exchanger and transferred to water that feeds a steam turbine, similar to units 6 and 7.
340:(PG&E) began construction on the Moss Landing Power Plant. Five natural gas and oil powered steam units were built during the 1950s. Commercial generation started in 1950 with a capacity of 613 MW.
1004:
The California ISO has about 7,000 megawatts of surplus capacity . .. about 7,000 megawatts of older plants are already set to retire by 2021 due to a regulation on plants that use ocean water for cooling.
1321:
1299:
1720:
999:
551:
In February 2020, the Monterey County Planning Commission unanimously approved the project, which was initially scheduled to start construction in late March and be complete by 2021. However, the
316:
generation units. It was once the largest power plant in the state of California, with a generation capacity of 2560 MW, before its two large supercritical steam units were retired in 2016.
1166:
1351:
1228:
1205:
462:. Because the gas turbine does not transfer energy from the combustion process to the turbine via steam, it avoids the cost, energy loss and environmental impact of the primary water cycle.
1836:
908:
1561:
1382:
1113:
693:
384:
On December 31, 2016, Dynegy retired supercritical steam units 6 and 7 as they were no longer economically competitive. However, Dynegy continues to maintain the permit on these units.
1791:
1259:
1413:
2465:
883:
1629:
642:
1435:
1868:
1754:
739:
1813:
1523:
1053:
1025:
374:
In 2006, having invested over half a billion dollars in upgraded capacity, efficiency and emission control, Duke Energy sold the plant to LS Power Equity Partners.
2460:
1313:
469:
On a smaller scale than the supercritical units, units 1 and 2 are also more flexible, with a start-up time of only an hour, against 24 hours for units 6 and 7.
1291:
989:
850:
68:
1343:
2475:
1220:
1197:
489:, which merged with Dynegy on April 9, 2018, announced that it will develop a 300 MW / 1,200 MWh energy storage system to be located at
1828:
1742:
PG&E, has postponed groundbreaking "until after the stay-at-home order is lifted," according to Paul Doherty, a spokesperson for the utility.
1498:
1553:
1374:
1105:
764:
782:
689:
1783:
1771:
Construction for the project is anticipated to begin in late 2019 and early 2020, with closing-out activities continuing through summer 2021.
1251:
1405:
952:
2480:
1854:
1664:
820:
500:
An expansion to 1,500 MW / 6,000 MWh (also connecting to the 500 kV grid) was approved in August 2020, but not decided.
873:
1598:
237:
1621:
632:
1083:
715:
2116:
2101:
494:
1805:
732:
647:
four projects, totaling 567.5 megawatts/2,270 megawatt-hours … includes … 182.5-megawatt/730-megawatt-hour Tesla system that
540:
2211:
2121:
2030:
1877:
1017:
573:
544:
528:
1956:
2333:
1982:
2338:
1465:
2096:
648:
509:
358:(DENA) in 1998. To comply with more restrictive pollution regulations, units 6 and 7 were upgraded in 1998 with a
2399:
2249:
2239:
2106:
2025:
2010:
1930:
578:
552:
2318:
2298:
381:
In 2015, a transmission tower collapsed at the power plant, causing a major Monterey County area power outage.
2040:
2303:
359:
320:
842:
2389:
2384:
2206:
2141:
2131:
2111:
351:
In 1995, the original five units were retired, and in 1997 PG&E let the permits lapse for these units.
1436:"Vistra approved to build a grid battery bigger than all utility-scale battery storage in the US combined"
2429:
2283:
532:
389:
2343:
2328:
2293:
2275:
2234:
2050:
2015:
1987:
1278:
1491:
2353:
2308:
2071:
2055:
555:
and subsequent stay-at-home order forced the project to be delayed. Construction began in July 2020,
337:
768:
2439:
1940:
790:
508:
Utilities in California are required by a 2013 law to provide significant battery storage by 2024.
490:
477:
Utilities in California are required by a 2013 law to provide significant battery storage by 2024.
285:
56:
2434:
2424:
2419:
412:
that allow power to flow to far-away regions. The plant is also connected to local loads and the
1314:"World's biggest lithium battery storage facility now completely offline after weekend incident"
216:
2313:
2005:
449:
working at high pressure, then into a low pressure turbine. The turbines drive the generators.
942:
2470:
2035:
1935:
556:
108:
1656:
1292:"Investigation begins into overheating incident at world's biggest battery storage facility"
812:
2485:
2394:
2363:
2288:
2191:
2156:
1903:
568:
413:
324:
1590:
1221:"Manufacturer reveals involvement in world's biggest battery energy storage system so far"
1198:"At 300MW / 1,200MWh, the world's largest battery storage system so far is up and running"
8:
2229:
2020:
1972:
521:
434:
345:
2348:
539:
The project was subsequently opened to public submissions on its environmental impact.
187:
256:
2166:
2161:
1075:
947:
297:
30:
2368:
2146:
1344:"World's biggest battery storage system comes back online after months of shutdown"
354:
As part of the Deregulation of Utilities in California, PG&E sold the plant to
1683:"Moss Landing mega battery project faces environmental challenge from union group"
2323:
2171:
1829:"PG&E ushers in landmark Tesla battery energy storage system at Moss Landing"
994:
878:
637:
990:"PG&E Must Solicit Energy Storage and DERs to Replace 3 Existing Gas Plants"
264:
2244:
1846:
1375:"Vistra's 350MW Moss Landing expansion coming online this summer in California"
442:
378:
then purchased the plant in April 2007 along with other assets of LS partners.
367:
313:
200:
147:
1554:"Monterey County - File #: PC 20-013, PLN180371. Exhibit B - Discussion draft"
1272:
1106:"Monterey County - File #: PC 19-019, PLN180394. Exhibit B - Discussion draft"
2454:
2186:
1136:"Vistra Energy to Develop 300-Megawatt Battery Storage Project in California"
486:
459:
206:
83:
70:
1784:"PG&E, Tesla begin construction on one of the world's largest batteries"
1406:"Moss Landing: World's biggest battery storage project is now 3GWh capacity"
1252:"Expansion complete at world's biggest battery storage system in California"
516:
and owned and operated by PG&E, connecting to the regional 115 kV grid.
2254:
2176:
2151:
690:"PG&E Shares Findings of September 2022 Moss Landing Megapack Incident"
633:"PG&E's Record-Breaking Battery Proposal Wins Approval From Regulators"
289:
1457:
246:
2201:
2136:
1977:
1721:"US battery storage boom hits COVID-19 roadblock as project delays mount"
909:"Moss Landing power plant's tall twin towers are off, but permits remain"
513:
355:
281:
277:
140:
125:
1046:"PG&E, Tesla Break Ground on Landmark Battery Energy Storage System"
2358:
2196:
2181:
2126:
1881:
1167:"Despite COVID-19, 300-MW Calif. battery array expected online in 2020"
783:"Duke Energy Completes Sale of Wholesale Generation Assets to LS Power"
543:
argued that the County of Monterey failed to meet the standards of the
1622:"In Boost for Renewables, Grid-Scale Battery Storage Is on the Rise"
1921:
1894:
1755:"Elkhorn Battery Storage Facility - Mitigated Negative Declaration"
309:
193:
1274:
Vistra provides first look at Moss Landing energy storage facility
968:
electricity by rooftop solar panels that has added to the surplus.
1524:"Tesla strikes another mammoth energy storage deal in California"
765:"Duke Energy Breaks Ground on Moss Landing Modernization Project"
446:
409:
405:
401:
301:
293:
1806:"PG&E commissions 182.5MW/730MWh Tesla BESS at Moss Landing"
375:
305:
121:
1591:"Tesla's Megapack is a battery built for the electrical grid"
943:"Californians are paying billions for power they don't need"
599:"Electricity Data Browser - Dynegy Moss Landing Power Plant"
874:"Update: Power trickling back on across Monterey Peninsula"
16:
Natural gas-fired power station in Moss Landing, California
733:"Final Staff Assessment- Moss Landing Power Plant Project"
1458:"Dynegy Moss Landing LLC (Vistra Energy) / IS_PLN190253"
35:
Moss Landing Power Plant, with its highly visible stacks
2466:
Buildings and structures in Monterey County, California
936:
934:
843:"Dynegy Announces Completion of LS Power Transaction"
524:
that come online during periods of increased demand.
308:
and currently has a generation capacity of 1020
1018:"Tesla battery power plant approved in Moss Landing"
428:
1651:
1649:
1647:
931:
903:
901:
716:"Vistra Moss Landing Phase III expansion complete"
626:
624:
2452:
1876:
1644:
1585:
1583:
1040:
1038:
767:. Duke Energy. November 16, 2000. Archived from
898:
621:
458:thermodynamic standpoint, this is the standard
452:
2461:Natural gas-fired power stations in California
1676:
1674:
1112:. Monterey County. March 20, 2019. p. 5.
1052:(Press release). July 29, 2020. Archived from
941:Penn, Ivan; Menezes, Ryan (February 5, 2017).
1862:
1580:
1035:
727:
725:
559:in April 2022, and inaugurated in June 2022.
400:The plant has power lines that connect it to
1757:. Monterey County. July 2, 2019. p. 7.
1492:"Advice Letter 5322-E from PG&E to CPUC"
1464:. Monterey County. May 15, 2020. p. 9.
1671:
940:
738:. California Energy Commission. June 2000.
1869:
1855:
722:
1714:
1712:
1546:
1450:
1403:
1372:
1289:
1249:
1243:
1218:
1195:
1098:
1794:from the original on September 28, 2020.
1076:"Vistra / Dynegy Merger - Vistra Energy"
1002:from the original on September 2, 2020.
871:
527:On July 3, 2019, in accordance with the
263:
255:
2476:Energy infrastructure completed in 1949
1468:from the original on September 18, 2020
1446:from the original on September 4, 2020.
1302:from the original on September 9, 2021.
987:
630:
260:Aerial view of Moss Landing Power Plant
238:Related media on Commons
2453:
1718:
1709:
1680:
1324:from the original on February 16, 2022
1208:from the original on January 28, 2021.
1164:
1015:
955:from the original on February 22, 2017
872:Melendez, Claudia (October 18, 2015).
813:"LS Power Closes Deal for Duke Assets"
745:from the original on February 16, 2017
645:from the original on August 10, 2020.
495:California Public Utilities Commission
296:are landmarks, visible throughout the
1850:
1826:
1761:from the original on October 21, 2020
1693:from the original on October 19, 2021
1632:from the original on February 6, 2021
1601:from the original on October 10, 2021
1564:from the original on October 21, 2020
1290:Colthorpe, Andy (September 8, 2021).
1262:from the original on August 21, 2021.
1116:from the original on October 21, 2020
696:from the original on January 25, 2024
670:from the original on January 17, 2023
609:from the original on January 17, 2023
541:California Unions for Reliable Energy
300:. The plant is owned and operated by
1908:
1798:
1619:
1385:from the original on August 31, 2024
1028:from the original on July 25, 2020.
1009:
988:Spector, Julian (January 15, 2018).
823:from the original on August 31, 2024
631:Spector, Julian (November 8, 2018).
574:List of power stations in California
545:California Environmental Quality Act
529:California Environmental Quality Act
288:, United States, at the midpoint of
1681:Shalev, Asaf (September 12, 2019).
1667:from the original on July 18, 2022.
1560:. February 14, 2020. pp. 2–4.
1416:from the original on August 2, 2023
1250:Colthorpe, Andy (August 20, 2021).
1196:Colthorpe, Andy (January 7, 2021).
1016:Cortez, Felix (February 27, 2020).
886:from the original on August 8, 2022
268:One of the stacks for units 6 and 7
13:
2334:Imperial Solar Energy Center South
2107:Big Creek No. 1, 2, 2A, 3, 4 and 8
2031:Los Esteros Critical Energy Center
1839:from the original on June 7, 2022.
1816:from the original on May 24, 2022.
1731:from the original on July 25, 2020
1719:Hering, Garrett (March 26, 2020).
1620:Katz, Cheryl (December 15, 2020).
1404:Colthorpe, Andy (August 2, 2023).
1354:from the original on July 14, 2022
1231:from the original on June 19, 2021
1177:from the original on July 25, 2020
1165:Hering, Garrett (April 17, 2020).
919:from the original on July 10, 2018
472:
395:
362:unit and digital control systems.
14:
2497:
2481:1949 establishments in California
2339:Imperial Solar Energy Center West
1534:from the original on July 3, 2018
1504:from the original on July 3, 2018
1219:Colthorpe, Andy (June 17, 2021).
1146:from the original on July 3, 2018
1086:from the original on July 3, 2018
853:from the original on May 29, 2018
651:would own at a substation nearby.
503:
429:Supercritical Steam Units 6 and 7
348:at 3,600 psi (25 MPa).
1657:"MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION"
1373:Colthorpe, Andy (May 10, 2023).
480:
132:Thermal power station
29:
2400:Solar Energy Generating Systems
2324:Desert Stateline Solar Facility
2026:Huntington Beach Energy Project
2011:Donald Von Raesfeld Power Plant
1820:
1776:
1747:
1613:
1516:
1484:
1428:
1397:
1366:
1336:
1306:
1283:
1266:
1212:
1189:
1158:
1128:
1068:
981:
865:
835:
579:List of energy storage projects
553:COVID-19 pandemic in California
2319:Centinela Solar Energy Project
2299:California Flats Solar Project
805:
775:
757:
708:
682:
656:
591:
416:region by transmission lines.
1:
2304:California Valley Solar Ranch
789:. May 4, 2006. Archived from
584:
360:selective catalytic reduction
321:battery storage power station
2390:Ivanpah Solar Power Facility
2385:Genesis Solar Energy Project
1936:Puente Hills Energy Recovery
1827:Kenny, Tess (June 7, 2022).
453:Combined Cycle Units 1 and 2
419:
404:, and interconnections like
284:generation plant located in
7:
2430:San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm
2284:Antelope Valley Solar Ranch
664:"Dynergy Generating Assets"
562:
201:Annual net output
10:
2502:
2344:McCoy Solar Energy Project
2329:Desert Sunlight Solar Farm
2294:Blythe Solar Power Project
2051:Russell City Energy Center
2016:Gateway Generating Station
974:plants run by competitors.
510:Pacific Gas & Electric
338:Pacific Gas & Electric
331:
84:36.8048722°N 121.7819972°W
2412:
2377:
2354:Panoche Valley Solar Farm
2309:Campo Verde Solar Project
2274:
2267:
2220:
2089:
2080:
2064:
1996:
1965:
1949:
1917:
1888:
1140:investor.vistraenergy.com
243:
233:
228:
215:
199:
186:
179:Units decommissioned
166:
162:
157:
146:
136:
131:
117:
107:
99:
62:
52:
44:
40:
28:
23:
2440:Tehachapi Pass Wind Farm
2046:Moss Landing Power Plant
1957:Argus Cogeneration Plant
319:It is the site of a new
286:Moss Landing, California
274:Moss Landing Power Plant
89:36.8048722; -121.7819972
57:Moss Landing, California
24:Moss Landing Power Plant
2435:Shiloh Wind Power Plant
2425:Altamont Pass Wind Farm
2420:Alta Wind Energy Center
2147:Mammoth Pool Powerhouse
188:Nameplate capacity
2314:Catalina Solar Project
2192:San Francisquito No. 1
2006:Alamitos Energy Center
1941:Sunshine Gas Producers
1687:Monterey County Weekly
976:
970:
913:Monterey County Weekly
269:
261:
171:Units operational
2207:White Rock Powerhouse
2036:Metcalf Energy Center
1558:monterey.legistar.com
1320:. February 16, 2022.
1110:monterey.legistar.com
971:
965:
915:. February 23, 2017.
793:on September 27, 2011
267:
259:
217:Storage capacity
158:Power generation
2395:Mojave Solar Project
2364:Springbok Solar Farm
2289:Beacon Solar Project
2157:New Bullards Bar Dam
2142:Loon Lake Powerhouse
718:. September 3, 2023.
569:Energy in California
325:grid battery storage
223:(starting late 2020)
109:Commission date
2255:William R. Gianelli
2152:Moccasin Powerhouse
2117:Caribou No. 1 and 2
2021:Glenarm Power Plant
1810:Energy Storage News
1442:. August 13, 2020.
1410:Energy-Storage.News
1379:Energy Storage News
1348:Energy Storage News
1318:Energy Storage News
1296:Energy Storage News
1256:Energy Storage News
1225:Energy Storage News
1202:Energy Storage News
522:peaker power plants
435:supercritical steam
433:Units 6 and 7 used
346:supercritical steam
312:(net) from its two
229:External links
148:Combined cycle
80: /
2349:Mount Signal Solar
2132:Jaybird Powerhouse
1812:. April 19, 2022.
1661:County of Monterey
1462:ceqanet.opr.ca.gov
533:County of Monterey
485:On June 29, 2018,
270:
262:
124:, a subsidiary of
2448:
2447:
2408:
2407:
2263:
2262:
2167:New Exchequer Dam
2162:New Don Pedro Dam
2112:Camino Powerhouse
2102:Belden Powerhouse
1790:. July 29, 2020.
1597:. July 29, 2019.
1350:. July 18, 2022.
1056:on March 15, 2023
948:Los Angeles Times
849:. April 2, 2007.
298:Monterey Bay Area
254:
253:
224:
211:
137:Primary fuel
2493:
2369:Topaz Solar Farm
2272:
2271:
2212:William E. Warne
2097:Balch Powerhouse
2087:
2086:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1725:www.spglobal.com
1716:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1678:
1669:
1668:
1653:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1617:
1611:
1610:
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502:
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443:Elkhorn Slough
430:
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368:combined cycle
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2187:Pine Flat Dam
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1080:Vistra Energy
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487:Vistra Energy
481:Vistra 500 kV
478:
470:
467:
463:
461:
460:Brayton cycle
450:
448:
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93:
72:36°48′17.54″N
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
48:United States
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2471:Monterey Bay
2177:Oroville Dam
2122:Devil Canyon
2090:Conventional
2045:
1832:
1822:
1809:
1800:
1787:
1778:
1770:
1763:. Retrieved
1749:
1740:
1733:. Retrieved
1724:
1702:
1695:. Retrieved
1686:
1660:
1634:. Retrieved
1625:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1594:
1573:
1566:. Retrieved
1557:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1528:Ars Technica
1527:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1486:
1477:
1470:. Retrieved
1461:
1452:
1439:
1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1409:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1378:
1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1347:
1338:
1328:February 16,
1326:. Retrieved
1317:
1308:
1295:
1285:
1268:
1255:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1224:
1214:
1201:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1170:
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1139:
1130:
1118:. Retrieved
1109:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1079:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:the original
1049:
1029:
1021:
1011:
1003:
993:
983:
972:
966:
964:
959:December 30,
957:. Retrieved
946:
921:. Retrieved
912:
888:. Retrieved
877:
867:
855:. Retrieved
846:
837:
825:. Retrieved
816:
807:
797:February 16,
795:. Retrieved
791:the original
786:
777:
769:the original
759:
747:. Retrieved
710:
698:. Retrieved
684:
672:. Retrieved
658:
646:
636:
613:February 16,
611:. Retrieved
602:
593:
557:commissioned
550:
538:
526:
518:
507:
499:
491:Moss Landing
484:
476:
468:
464:
456:
439:
432:
423:
399:
386:
383:
380:
373:
364:
353:
350:
342:
335:
318:
292:. Its large
290:Monterey Bay
273:
271:
18:
2486:Vistra Corp
2202:Trinity Dam
2137:Keswick Dam
1978:The Geysers
1765:October 20,
1636:February 6,
1568:October 20,
1472:October 20,
1120:October 20,
1060:February 6,
890:February 6,
700:January 25,
603:www.eia.gov
356:Duke Energy
282:electricity
278:natural gas
141:Natural gas
126:Vistra Corp
103:Operational
87: /
63:Coordinates
2455:Categories
2359:Solar Star
2250:Thermalito
2197:Shasta Dam
2182:Parker Dam
2127:Folsom Dam
1966:Geothermal
1882:California
1704:developer.
674:August 31,
585:References
174:2 x 530 MW
1626:Yale E360
1605:April 15,
1420:August 2,
420:Gas units
336:In 1949,
221:567.5 MW
2221:Pumped-
2083:electric
1997:Natural
1918:Biomass
1891:storage
1889:Battery
1837:Archived
1814:Archived
1792:Archived
1759:Archived
1735:July 24,
1729:Archived
1697:April 5,
1691:Archived
1665:Archived
1630:Archived
1599:Archived
1595:Engadget
1562:Archived
1532:Archived
1499:Archived
1466:Archived
1444:Archived
1414:Archived
1383:Archived
1358:July 18,
1352:Archived
1322:Archived
1300:Archived
1260:Archived
1235:June 18,
1229:Archived
1206:Archived
1181:July 24,
1175:Archived
1144:Archived
1114:Archived
1084:Archived
1050:PG&E
1026:Archived
1000:Archived
953:Archived
917:Archived
884:Archived
851:Archived
821:Archived
740:Archived
694:Archived
668:Archived
649:PG&E
643:Archived
607:Archived
563:See also
414:San Jose
280:powered
118:Owner(s)
53:Location
2378:Thermal
2245:O'Neill
2230:Castaic
2223:storage
2081:Hydro-
2065:Nuclear
1988:Mammoth
1538:July 3,
1508:July 3,
1389:May 10,
1279:YouTube
1150:July 3,
1090:July 3,
923:May 28,
857:May 28,
827:May 28,
749:May 28,
447:turbine
410:Path 66
406:Path 26
402:Path 15
332:History
304:-based
302:Houston
234:Commons
45:Country
2056:Valley
531:, the
376:Dynegy
306:Dynegy
294:stacks
210:(2022)
205:5,336
192:1,060
122:Dynegy
100:Status
2268:Solar
2235:Helms
1502:(PDF)
1495:(PDF)
1479:line.
743:(PDF)
736:(PDF)
514:Tesla
276:is a
245:[
2413:Wind
1973:Coso
1950:Coal
1920:(≥10
1893:(≥10
1767:2020
1737:2020
1699:2020
1638:2021
1607:2020
1570:2020
1540:2018
1510:2018
1474:2020
1422:2023
1391:2023
1360:2022
1330:2022
1237:2021
1183:2020
1152:2018
1122:2020
1092:2018
1062:2021
1022:KSBW
961:2017
925:2018
892:2021
859:2018
829:2018
799:2011
751:2018
702:2024
676:2024
615:2023
408:and
323:for
272:The
113:1950
1999:gas
1880:in
1277:on
207:GWh
153:Yes
2457::
2276:PV
1922:MW
1895:MW
1835:.
1831:.
1808:.
1786:.
1769:.
1739:.
1727:.
1723:.
1711:^
1701:.
1689:.
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