Dynegy - Knowledge

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could lead to lawsuits). Legal counsel also believed that Dynegy management would be forced refile resolution with shareholders and resolicit votes, which would delay a meeting until early 2011. During the shareholder meeting, management's fears proved accurate. On November 19, Dynegy was forced to recess its shareholder meeting in an attempt to garner more support for the Blackstone bid. (Dynegy was unable to adjourn the meeting because its bylaws did not clearly provide for adjournment to another date, and because it was unclear that adjournment could occur without a shareholder vote—a vote the board felt it would lose.) During the four-day recess, Dynegy executives said the company would continue to solicit a takeover even if the Blackstone Group bid failed. On November 23, 2010, Dynegy management and Blackstone agreed to call off the takeover after it became clear there was not enough support for the US$ 5.00 a share bid.

957:(FERC) had to approve the deal and ensure that there was no negative impact on consumers from Dynegy's expanding market share in the Midwest. But on April 16, FERC said that the studies submitted by Dynegy and Ameren were inadequate, and it ordered the two firms to rerun the studies and report back to FERC by July 14. On July 16, FERC again declined to approve or disapprove the Dynegy-Ameren deal. The agency said that it Dynegy's study showed it charging market rates for energy in the Midwest. But FERC said it worried that transmission bottlenecks in the area would permit Dynegy to charge much more. Furthermore, federal regulators were considering an expansion in the market area IPH could serve. FERC asked Dynegy to provide additional information on transmission limitations and market area expansion. In August, the 634:

May 2007, ChevronTexaco announced it was selling its 12 percent stake in Dynegy to the public. The sale netted ChevronTexaco US$ 680 million by July. The joint venture did not last, however. In August 2009, LS Power agreed to buy nine electrical generating plants from Dynegy for US$ 1.025 billion in cash in order to dissolve the joint venture. Part of the reason for the joint venture's demise was another collapse in Dynegy's share price. Dynegy's shares fell 80 percent in the two years after the deal closed, and the company posted a large $ 345 million loss in the second quarter of 2009. LS Power also agreed to return all its Class B shares, so that Dynegy would only have 95 million shares of common stock outstanding. The dissolution of the joint venture left LS Power with a 15 percent stake in Dynegy.

974:, and other environmental groups said Dynegy had the resources to install the equipment, and opposed a waiver. ACM Partners, a financial firm hired by the Sierra Club, also argued that Dynegy purposefully left IPH significantly underfunded and unable to tap into the parent company's resources. Dynegy disagreed, but the firm warned that if IPH went bankrupt, workers would lose pensions and local communities would have to pay for any environmental remediation. The Illinois AFL-CIO, however, supported Dynegy's request on September 16, saying that local jobs depended on the waiver. The pollution board said it would make a decision by November 2013. 474: 735:. Finally, GasCo and CoalCo sold themselves to Dynegy Inc., which left Dynegy Holdings holding US$ 1.25 billion in debt but without the ability to seize the assets of GasCo and CoalCo in the event of a default. Under the structure adopted by Dynegy Inc., the company could meet its debt obligations to Dynegy Holdings by paying cash or by forgiving debt. This provided an incentive for Dynegy Inc. to withhold payment and force Dynegy Holdings to declare bankruptcy (thereby reducing the value of the debt and making it easier to pay off). 784:

however, affect GasCo, CoalCo, or the "stub group", and allowed the Dynegy Holdings bankruptcy to proceed. Dynegy's stock was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange following the bankruptcy filing. U.S. Bancorp agreed to drop its lawsuit against the company in exchange for a $ 540 million claim against the company in bankruptcy court. The bondholders represented by U.S. Bancorp would also get a further US$ 31 million if the Danskammer and Roseton plants are sold.

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of the plant's outstanding property taxes. But, Dynegy said, the company never did either. ICS defended itself, saying it was making every economically feasible effort to replace the credit agreement. On May 25, 2013, Dynegy filed suit with the bankruptcy court to force ICA to fulfill its obligations. The court imposed a July 31 deadline for ICS to close the sale, but it did not meet the deadline. Dynegy subsequently sought another buyer. Helios Power Capital, a

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natural gas group (GasCo), the coal group (CoalCo), and a group for all other businesses (known as "the stub group"). GasCo and CoalCo were structured so that they would be little affected by any bankruptcy filing by either Dynegy Inc. or Dynegy Holdings. Part of the structure meant that few of the natural GasCo's and CoalCo's dividends were given to Dynegy Holdings. To separate Dynegy Holdings from Dynegy Inc., Dynegy Holdings was transformed from a

1077: 519:. On September 24, Dynegy announced that it had agreed to pay a US$ 3 million fine for using the Catlin company and other business partnerships to hide losses and taxable income. It also admitted that it had engaged in "round-trip" trades, phony natural gas and electricity trades designed to mislead investors and other companies about the success of Dynegy's online trading operation. The company later fired five traders after the 1049: 332: 210: 193: 176: 159: 142: 690:

debt burden was destabilizing. Blackstone Group initially said it would not offer more than US$ 4.50 per share, but then revised its offer later that day to US$ 5.00 a share. Worried that it did not have enough shareholder support to accept the Blackstone Group offer, Dynegy proposed postponing its shareholder meeting a few days to November 23, but postponement did not occur. Legal counsel advised that

1063: 27: 242: 511:" status on June 28. Dynegy announced it might need a financial partner to help it stabilize. After the July 23 announcement, the company's shares dropped 64 percent. Desperate for cash, Dynegy sold the Northern Natural Gas Company to MidAmerican Energy Holdings for $ 928 million on July 29 ($ 572 less than it paid for it). The sale saved Dynegy from bankruptcy. 970:

transfer this delay to Dynegy, so that Dynegy would not have to immediately install the devices until 2020, either. But the Illinois Pollution Control Board denied Ameren's request. Dynegy filed its own request for a five-year waiver in July, and warned that the Ameren deal would fall apart if it did not receive the waiver. But the Sierra Club, the

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directors to sue the Dynegy Inc. board of directors for damages (which could run into the billions of dollars). This threw the Dynegy Holdings bankruptcy filing into doubt, and put Dynegy Inc. on the hook for billions in debt. The bankruptcy court trustee said she would sue on behalf of Dynegy Holdings to recover these debts.

866:. This created a budget crisis in the county which threatened to close local schools in Ulster County and create severe cutbacks in Orange County services. On December 10, 2012, Dynegy announced it would sell the Roseton plant to Louis Dreyfus Highbridge Energy for $ 19.5 million in cash. The sale closed on April 30, 2013. 978:, a major Illinois coal mining company, said it would install the $ 500 million anti-pollution devices for free if Dynegy agreed to sign a long-term contract to accept coal only from Foresight Energy. Dynegy declined the offer (in part because it already has long-term coal contracts), and environmental groups opposed it. 788:

the Wells Fargo Plaza, however. As part of its bankruptcy filing, the bankruptcy court approved a new lease in which Dynegy would abandon 130,000 square feet (12,000 m) of space at Wells Fargo Plaza. The company asked the court to cancel its lease on the remaining 50,000 square feet (4,600 m) as well.

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interim chairman, and Robert C. Flexon was appointed interim president and chief executive officer. Harrison was elected to the board of directors. Also elected to the board were Vincent J. Intrieri, Senior Managing Director of Icahn Capital, and Samuel J. Merksamer, an investment analyst for Icahn Capital.

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sued Dynegy on December 2, the day after Enron declared bankruptcy. (The lawsuit was settled in August 2002 after Dynegy agreed to pay Enron US$ 25 million for backing out of the deal.) Enron attempted to sell off assets in an effort to stay afloat. On January 3, 2002, Dynegy successfully acquired Enron's

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power company. The deal, worth $ 900 million, involved Ameren's Ameren Energy Generating Co. (Genco); Genco's controlling interest in Electric Energy Inc.; AmerenEnergy Resources Generating Co.; and Ameren Energy Marketing Co. Dynegy formed a subsidiary, Illinois Power Holdings (IPH), to purchase the

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sued Dynegy and other utilities, arguing that the companies were not properly accounting for the financial risks that pollutants from coal-fired generating plants created. After a year of negotiations and legal maneuvering, Dynegy agreed to issue statements to its current and future investors warning

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lawsuit was filed against the company in 2002. In April 2005, Dynegy agreed to settle the lawsuit. Shareholders would be paid a total of US$ 468 million. To come up with the money, Dynegy paid out $ 250 million in cash and issued $ 68 million in stock to the plaintiffs. Its insurance companies paid

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Although Dynegy avoided bankruptcy, the fallout from the company's accounting practices continued throughout 2002. In August, former Dynegy controller and chief accounting officer Bradley P. Farnsworth sued the company, saying he'd been fired after refusing to help manipulate the company's financial

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Another obstacle emerged on June 6. Ameren was required to install pollution-reducing equipment on its five coal-fired generating plants in 2015. But because Ameren was in financial difficulty, it sought and received a waiver from the state of Illinois granting it a five-year delay. Ameren sought to

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in October 2012, rendering it inoperable. On December 10, Dynegy said that ICS NY Holdings would buy the plant for $ 3.5 million and demolish it. But the ICS sale stalled. Under the terms of the auction, ICS NY had to replace or find a substitute for its credit support agreement, and pay its portion

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in 2001 with Public Services Enterprise Group for the Roseton and Danskammer facilities. Fifty percent of the proceeds from the auction would be used to pay bondholders (up to $ 571 million), while the remaining 50 percent would be used to pay unsecured creditors. The unsecured creditors would get $

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law (under which Dynegy was incorporated) considered a postponement a new meeting, and that would require notifying shareholders (again) and giving at least 20 days' notice. Furthermore, Dynegy's proxy rules did not make it clear that a proxy remained in effect in the event of a postponement (which

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agreed to a joint venture in a deal worth US$ 2.3 billion. Under the terms of the agreement, Dynegy gave LS Power a 40 percent stake in Dynegy itself while LS Power contributed 10 of its power plants. Dynegy also agreed to create a 245 million new Class B shares, which it turned over to LS Power. In

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Several Dynegy executives were later convicted or indicted for their roles in Dynegy's near-collapse. In June 2003, Jamie Olis (former Senior Director of Tax Planning), Gene Foster (former Vice President for Taxation), and Helen Sharkey (a former employee in Dynegy's risk control and deal structure

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reported that Dynegy's Illinova subsidiary was part of the investigation. Illinova had formed a joint partnership named Catlin in January 2000 with a little-known investment company named Black Thunder. Catlin took over some of Illinova's electrical generating assets. Although Black Thunder put up

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As part of its bankruptcy filing, Dynegy moved its corporate headquarters. In November 2011, the company signed a lease for new principal offices in an office building at 601 Travis Street in Houston. (It occupied these quarters early July 2012.) Dynegy continued to hold leases on several floors of

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The bankruptcy court examiner's finding quickly led to the bankruptcy of Dynegy Inc. itself. On April 3, 2012, Dynegy Inc. announced that it had reached an agreement with the U.S. bankruptcy trustee, the board of directors of Dynegy Holdings, and its other creditors. The agreement, which affected

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On February 20, 2011, Bruce Williamson resigned as Dynegy's chairman, and announced he would step down as chief executive officer on March 11. Chief financial officer Holli C. Nichols also said she would resign as chief financial officer on March 11 as well. Board member Thomas W. Elward was named

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A series of maneuvers followed. Dynegy executives said the offer was a good one, as the deal would give Dynegy access to lines of credit which would enable it to refinance and restructure its debt. With energy prices at cyclical lows, the company said it lacked the resources to do so and that its

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resigned. Dynegy Inc. chairman Dan Dienstbier was named interim CEO. In mid-June, Dynegy reported that its first quarter income had fallen 80 percent. It also admitted that it had signed long-term power contracts that would not produce revenue for years to come; but it had charged the income to the

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Dynegy came close to bankruptcy in 2002. Investor pressure on energy stocks in the wake of the Enron collapse pushed Dynegy's stock price down 42 percent by late April. The company also admitted on April 26 that it made a large accounting error on a fuel contract, which further depressed the stock

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In June 1998, NGC Corporation changed its name to Dynegy, Inc. The company's original slogan was "We believe in people." Nova announced two months later that it was seeking to sell its stake in Dynegy. Dynegy bought Illinova Corporation in 1999 in a deal worth US$ 1.75 billion and the assumption of

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by spending US$ 321 million to repair and upgrade coal-fired generating plants in Illinois to reduce pollutants. In mid-2005, Dynegy hired Credit Suisse First Boston to assist it in finding a buyer for its natural gas transmission businesses. The sale of this business came quickly: In August 2005,

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found that the Dynegy Inc.'s purchase of CoalCo was fraudulent. The examiner found that Dynegy Holdings was already bankrupt at the time the sale took place, and therefore constituted a breach of fiduciary duty by the Dynegy Holdings board of directors. This allowed the Dynegy Holdings board of

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On December 15, 2010, Icahn offered a US$ 5.50 a share cash bid for Dynegy. Dynegy's board asked for other bids, but none emerged. But Icahn, too, found little support among shareholders. He extended his offer by two weeks on January 25, 2011. That same day, Seneca Capital said it would not even

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US$ 8 billion takeover bid for Enron, which was saddled with $ 13 billion in debt and whose stock had plummeted. The deal began unraveling two weeks later as Enron revealed even larger financial losses and more debt than previously reported. Dynegy withdrew its merger offer on November 28. Enron

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in 2002, and several executives were eventually convicted of financial fraud and mismanagement. Dynegy exited the energy trading business in 2002 and the natural gas supply business in 2005, focusing its efforts on electrical generation. The company has one major subsidiary, Dynegy Holdings. It

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in June 2005, "We had businesses in trading, in marketing, in broadband communications, in Europe, in communications as far as China. What we have done is very systematically sell those off, shut down offices and concentrate on the two businesses that looked like we had a competitive advantage."

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efforts in 2010. Its Dynegy Holdings subsidiary went bankrupt in November 2011, and Dynegy Inc. itself filed for bankruptcy protection on July 6, 2012. Its GasCo and CoalCo subsidiaries were unaffected by the bankruptcy filing. Dynegy emerged from bankruptcy on October 2, 2012. On April 9, 2018

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settled a decade-old lawsuit which alleged that Dynegy had manipulated the California energy market. While the lawsuit continued, Dynegy sold its California subsidiary to NRG Energy, Inc. NRG Energy subsequently agreed to pay $ 20 million in refunds to consumers as well as spend more than $ 100

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business in Europe in January 2003, restated its income for 2001 and 2002, sold a natural gas terminal in Louisiana, sold its telecommunications business in North America in April 2003, engaged in a US$ 1.6 billion refinancing and other restructuring of its debt, sold its Illinois Power Company

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to buy natural gas at market prices. ABG then sold this gas at a discount to Dynegy, which resold it at market prices and booked a $ 300 million profit. ABG then bought natural gas at market prices, and sold it at a premium to Dynegy. The profits ABG booked were then used to repay the loans.

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that same year. By 1996, it had grown to US$ 550 million in assets, and carried US$ 525 million in long-term debt. NGC Corporation also established several subsidiaries to enable it to enter the electrical generation, marketing, and sales areas. Electric Clearinghouse sold electricity, and the

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emissions that go into effect in July 2018. Because the Edwards plant is in an area of low air quality, EPA is likely to force Dynegy to close the plant anyway. The remaining four plants are borderline cases with the exception of Duck Creek Station which spent nearly US$ 800m on sulfur dioxide

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Dynegy Inc. posted a second-quarter 2012 loss of $ 1.06 billion, an increase to $ 8.65 per share from 95 cents per share a year ago. The company blamed, among other things, markedly lower demand for its electricity, much lower prices for its coal, and a $ 941 million noncash loss caused by the

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The bankruptcy was a novel one. Dynegy had structured itself so that Dynegy Inc. (the holding company) had little debt. Nearly all the debt was held by its subsidiary, Dynegy Holdings, which also guaranteed debt for the operating divisions. Dynegy Inc. created three operating divisions: the

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enabling them to buy up to 13.5 of common stock at a set price over the next five years. Accordingly, Dynegy Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on July 5, 2012. The bankruptcy plan filed by Dynegy Inc. also called for a merger with Dynegy Holdings. The bankruptcy filing did not,

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for US$ 1.27 billion. The deal required NGC Corporation to sell Destec's power generation subsidiaries in Australia, Canada, the Dominican Republic, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom for US$ 407 million, although NGC Corporation retained Destec's 20 domestic gas-fired power plants.

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Prosecutors accused Olis, Foster, and Sharkey of deceiving auditors, regulators, and other company executives regarding the transactions. Foster and Sharkey pleaded guilty two months later. Olis was found guilty in March 2004, and sentenced to 24 years in prison. (A year later, after a

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entertain a US$ 6.00 a share bid. Dynegy's board urged shareholders to accept the Icahn bid, or risk bankruptcy. But by mid-February, even those investors willing to accept the Icahn bid had rescinded these offers. Icahn extended his offer by few days. The Icahn bid, too, collapsed.

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Ameren subsidiaries. No cash changed hands; rather, IPH agreed to assume $ 825 million in debt owed by Genco and the other subsidiaries. Ameren also transferred about $ 180 million in tax benefits the three subsidiaries would have received in 2015. Ameren retained Genco's inactive

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Dynegy said it hoped to hold a vote on August 24, at which time its creditors would approve the bankruptcy plan. A court hearing on the creditor-approved bankruptcy plan would then be held September 5, after which the company said it would emerge from bankruptcy protection.

523:(CFTC) discovered that Dynegy energy traders had supplied false prices to industry trade publications. The company later paid a US$ 5 million fine to the CFTC. Still needing cash, Dynegy sold its Hornsea natural gas storage site in the United Kingdom to help pay the fine. 738:

The restructuring plan put Dynegy's assets which had the worst financial performance into the hands of Dynegy Holdings. The goal was to protect Dynegy's secured creditors at the expense of its unsecured creditors. The plan had already generated one lawsuit. In 2011,

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Dynegy undertook a strategy to move into coal-fired and hydroelectric electrical generation in 2004, and out of natural gas distribution and trading. In November 2004, the company acquired four natural gas-fired and four hydroelectric power generation plants in the

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almost 90 percent of the money to form Catlin, Dynegy was required to buy out Black Thunder's investment or sell off the assets if Catlin did not earn a specified high rate of return. On May 28, Dynegy founder, president, and chief executive officer

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ruling in a different case held that mandatory sentencing guidelines violated the Constitution, Olis' sentence was reduced to just six years in prison.) In December 2003, three former executives at Nicor Energy LLC (a joint venture of Dynegy and

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opened a formal investigation into how Dynegy's "Project Alpha", an internal corporate initiative that allegedly inflated income from natural gas transactions and illegally structured business partnerships to avoid income. Two weeks later, the

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On March 8, 2011, Dynegy submitted financial filings with government regulators warning investors that it faced bankruptcy if it could not restructure its debt. The company announced a month later that it had hired the restructuring firm

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also promised a proxy battle, arguing that Blackstone Group's offer was too low. Icahn raised his stake in Dynegy to 12.9 percent in preparation for the shareholder fight. Seneca Capital nominated former railroad executive

862:(IBEW) Local 320 struck the Roseton and Danskammer plants after a contract extension expired and Dynegy continued to seek cuts in retirement benefits. Dynegy's bankruptcy also left $ 17 million in unpaid property taxes in 506:

Dynegy was quickly approaching bankruptcy by late June 2002. On June 25, the company announced it would sell off assets in an attempt to raise US$ 2 billion in cash. Moody's downgraded the rating of the company's bonds to

534:. According to court documents, the three employees conceived of a plan in early 2001 to borrow money but make it look like operational revenue. A corporation known as ABG Gas Supply was created. ABG secured loans from 842:

On January 4, 2013, Dynegy's Chief Operating Officer, Kevin Howell, resigned. Howell continued as a consultant to the company, and agreed to stay on until a successor was named in order to provide an orderly transition.

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formally filed opposition to the Dynegy-Ameren deal. The environmental group said the transmission bottleneck issue gave Dynegy too much market power. It also argued that Dynegy and Ameren had submitted only regional

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made up the $ 1.3 billion loan package. The $ 800 million loan and the $ 500 million loan were both due in 2020. This left Dynegy with $ 1.28 billion in lines of credit and $ 500 million in outstanding bonds.

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US$ 2.25 billion in debt, gave all creditors 99 percent of the stock of Dynegy Inc. once it emerged from bankruptcy. Existing shareholders would get just 1 percent of the stock in the new company, with

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current year's revenues in an attempt to bolster its bottom line. On June 19, Dynegy's chief financial office, Rob Doty, resigned. The following day, Dynegy shut down its online energy trading system.

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in 1994 in a deal worth more than $ 750 million. That same year, it also established a partnership with Nova (also known as Novagas Clearinghouse, a natural gas marketing company based in Canada) and

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The takeover bids all came after one of Dynegy's largest subsidiaries filed for bankruptcy. On November 7, 2011 Dynegy Holdings, the largest of Dynegy Inc.'s four subsidiaries, filed for

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statements in the summer of 2000. The company suspended its dividend on August 12. On September 3, interim chairman Glenn F. Tilton resigned in order to become chief executive officer of

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Dynegy shuttered its online energy trading business for good on October 16, 2002. The closure led Dynegy to lay off 14 percent of its workforce, which left it with just 4,600 employees.

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As the deal worked its way through state and federal regulatory approval, Dynegy took advantage of low interest rates and refinanced its debt. The company obtained $ 1.3 billion in

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NGC was purchased by Noble Affiliates, Inc. and Apache Corporation, independent oil and gas exploration and production companies, for a reported $ 50 million in 1989. In 1993,

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just $ 55 million in principal and $ 16 million in interest to settle their claims. The bankruptcy agreement also settled claims between Dynegy Holdings and Dynegy, Inc.

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took a stake in NGC, which by then was the largest independent natural gas marketing firm in the United States and had revenues of more than US$ 2 billion. NGC purchased

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announced it was reviewing all US$ 4 billion of Dynegy debt. In financial distress, Dynegy successfully applied for a US$ 900 million line of credit. On May 1, the

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pipeline. NNGC was Enron's most lucrative pipeline asset and had been put up as collateral in return for Dynegy providing financing to Enron during merger talks.

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Dynegy also began branching into areas outside natural gas and electrical generation. In August 2000, the company announced that it had purchased Extant Inc., a

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for $ 3.45 billion, with $ 3.35 billion in cash and $ 100 million in stock. This increased the company's generating capacity from 13000 MW to nearly 26000 MW.

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In June 2021, the Attorney General of Illinois filed a lawsuit against Dynegy claiming that the company polluted groundwater with contaminants from coal ash.

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Natural Gas Clearinghouse shortened its name to NGC Corporation in 1995 after its merger with Trident NGL closed. It became a publicly traded company on the

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and former energy company executive Jeff D. Hunter for the Dynegy board of directors, challenging Bruce Williamson and David Biegler (a Williamson ally).

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and Meredosia plants, and agreed to buy back from IPH for $ 133 million three natural gas electrical generating plants. Dynegy agreed to honor the

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and a $ 500 million, two-year line of credit. Dynegy agreed that the revolving credit line would be paid off and terminate within five years. Two

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The sale of the Roseton and Danskammer plants—a condition of Dynegy's emergence from bankruptcy—proceeded slowly. On November 8, 2012, members of

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Dynegy agreed to auction off its Roseton and Danskammer energy plants in New York state in order to emerge from bankruptcy. Dynegy had signed a

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There was some speculation by financial analysts that the Dynegy-Ameren deal was a poor one. Julien Dumoulin-Smith, executive director of

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200 million in cash. Unsecured creditors also would receive 99 percent of Dynegy's new stock, with the company retaining the rest (with

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On August 22, 2014, Dynegy announced a deal involving two interdependent transactions to be executed simultaneously. Dynegy acquired

376:. NGC was so successful that in 1985 Morgan Stanley bought out some of the other investors and took a majority stake in the company. 2954: 2878: 850:, was imploded. The demolition of the 165-foot (50 m) smokestacks of the outmoded plant was watched by more than 1,000 people. 1408: 1363: 1103: 487: 3417: 796:

transfer of its coal unit to Dynegy Holdings. The company also said it now hoped to emerge from bankruptcy in September 2012.

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executive, as its chief executive officer. Six weeks later, Dynegy hired Nick J. Caruso, a former chief financial officer at

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closed its acquisition of Dynegy following a FERC determination that the $ 1.7 billion deal raised no competitive concerns.

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closed its acquisition of Dynegy following a FERC determination that the $ 1.7 billion deal raised no competitive concerns.

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also has three operating subsidiaries: GasCo, CoalCo, and the "stub group" (for other miscellaneous business enterprises).

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removal, and may also be forced to close if EPA regulations tighten in the future (a highly likely possibility, he said).

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Energy Store marketed it. In August 1996, it purchased the natural gas gathering, marketing, and processing operations of

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to advise it on debt restructuring. Vincent Intrieri was named chair of the boards finance and restructuring committee.

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Dynegy emerged from bankruptcy on October 2, 2012, and its shares began trading on October 3 under the "DYN" symbol.

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On March 9, 2012, the November 2011 bankruptcy of Dynegy Holdings ran into difficulty. An examiner appointed by the

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US$ 2.25 billion of Illinova Corp. debt. The deal also allowed Nova and British Gas to sell their stake in Dynegy.

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Oppel, Jr., Richard A. and Sorkin, Andrew Ross. "Dynegy Is Said to Be Near to Acquiring Enron for $ 8 Billion."

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Freifeld, Karen. "Dynegy Required to Disclose Climate Change Risks." Bloomberg Business News. October 23, 2008.

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to purchase 13.5 percent of the stock after five years). Dynegy also agreed to pay holders of $ 206 million in

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November 9, 2002; Oppel, Jr., Richard A. and Broder, John M. "Judge Rejects California Electricity Refund."

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ruling which made it difficult for creditors to sue an LLC's board of directors for failing to uphold their

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McMahon, Bobby. "Sierra Club Seeks More Information on Ameren Deal, Raising Concerns About Local Impacts."

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energy and trading firm, which it agreed to buy in 2001. Dynegy withdrew from the deal as the extent of

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Powers, Mary. "Dynegy Auctioning Two New York Power Plants Worth 1,693 MW." Platts. September 25, 2012.

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throughout California. Twenty percent of the stations were required to be in low-income neighborhoods.

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Dynegy's move into coal-powered electrical generation was not without controversy. In September 2007,

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Heschmeyer, Mark. "Dynegy Bails on 181,000-SF Houston Office Lease." CoStar Group News. July 11, 2012.

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agreements in force at all plants. Under the deal, Dynegy acquired five coal-fired generating plants:

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Wells Fargo Plaza in Houston, the headquarters of Dynegy as of 2011. The company moved out in 2012.

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Williamson began a program of cost cutting, elimination of unprofitable businesses, and financial

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Checkler, Joseph and Stilwell, Victoria. "Dynegy Joins Subsidiary in Chapter 11, Sets Merger."

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de la Merced, Michael J. "Icahn Bids for Dynegy, After an Offer From Blackstone Is Rejected."

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Oppel, Jr., Richard A. "Enron's Growing Financial Crisis Raises Doubts About Merger Deal."

1166: 1141: 408:. The latter deal gave Chevron a 29 percent stake in NGC. NGC followed that deal by buying 3051:

Prezioso, Jeanine and DiSavino, Scott. "Castleton Acquires N.Y. Power Plant From Dynegy."

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Boshart, Glen. "Dynegy's Bid to Buy Ameren's Merchant Plants Gets Bogged Down at FERC."

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Oppel, Jr., and Richard A. and Sorkin, Andrew Ross. "Enron's Collapse: The Overview."

677:, Dynegy's largest shareholder, fought the purchase in a proxy fight. Dynegy investor 645:

that government regulation of carbon emissions and lawsuits over pollution could pose

559:

Shareholders, too, were unhappy with Dynegy's actions during the financial crisis. A

2765: 1848: 1309: 1256: 911: 780: 581: 673:

would acquire four natural gas plants in California and Maine for US$ 1.36 Billion.

3109:

Boshart, Glen. "Dynegy Bid to Buy Ameren's Merchant Plants Makes Its Way to FERC."

1196: 1068: 946: 938: 927: 915: 666: 277: 202: 2057:

March 24, 2004; Romero, Simon. "Ex-Executive Of Dynegy Is Sentenced to 24 Years."

1799:

Banerjee, Neela. "Disclosing Long-Term Contracts, Dynegy Worries Some Investors."

869:

The Danskammer plant sale was far more troubled. The plant was heavily damaged by

2898: 1367: 1263:"Big Energy Mergers in U.S. and Canada." Bloomberg Business News. August 3, 2005. 1232: 1156: 1131: 923: 870: 812: 764: 619: 516: 508: 2718:

de la Merced, Michael. "Hurt by Debt, Dynegy Says Bankruptcy Is a Possibility."

1770:

Banerjee, Neela. "Dynegy's Chief Quits as Unrest Is Reshaping Energy Industry."

657:, an environmental group, to derisively call Dynegy the "king of coal" in 2008. 3142:

April 2013; Gruen, Abby. "Dynegy's $ 1.8B Refi Will Remake Capital Structure."

3064:

Poszywak, Amy. "Dynegy Asks Bankruptcy Court to Force Power Plant Sale Along."

2648:

de la Merced, Michael J. "Dynegy Pleads With Shareholders to Take Icahn Deal."

2390:

Berringer, Felicity and Hakim, Danny. "New York Subpoenas 5 Energy Companies."

2113:

Glater, Jonathan D. "Dynegy Agrees to Settlement of Suit by Its Shareholders."

1225: 1181: 990: 942: 836: 646: 623: 442: 373: 357: 336: 257: 228: 88: 2955:

Goldberg, Laura. "Dynegy Emerges From Bankruptcy, Stock to Return to Market."

2074:

November 2, 2005; "Fraud Sentence Is Reduced for a Former Dynegy Accountant."

2070:

Romero, Simon. "Revision of 24-Year Prison Term Ordered in Accounting Fraud."

1718:

Morgenson, Gretchen. "Economy Is Surging, but Wall St. Is Down in the Dumps."

1653:

November 29, 2001; McGeehan, Patrick. "Assessing the Role of the Financiers."

886:

In mid-March 2013, Dynegy purchased three electric generating subsidiaries of

3376: 3236:

Tomich, Jeffrey. "Pollution Waiver May Decide Fate of Illinois Coal Plants."

2533:

de la Merced, Michael J. "Dynegy Postpones Vote on Blackstone Takeover Bid."

1852: 1082: 669:

announced plans to purchase Dynegy for US$ 4.7 billion. As part of the deal,

588: 543: 300: 261: 48: 2879:

Benoit, David. "Dynegy Files for Bankruptcy in Final Blow to Shareholders."

2568:

de la Merced, Michael J. "Ending Blackstone Talks, Dynegy Seeks New Buyer."

2001:

Glater, Jonathan D. "Dynegy Says It Will Exit the Energy Trading Business."

966:

data, and had not accounted for local impacts (which could be very severe).

2762:

Steffy, Loren and Pickrell, Emily. "Dynegy Joins Subsidiary in Bankruptcy."

1146: 1054: 963: 740: 641: 560: 446: 434:

provider building a nationwide fiber optic network, for US$ 152.5 million.

2815:

Lubben, Stephen J. "Examiner Rules Dynegy Asset Transfer Was Fraudulent."

2262:

January 18, 2003; "Dynegy and Southern Agree to Nullify Three Contracts."

1705:

Glater, Jonathan D. "Enron Agrees to Transfer Prized Pipeline to Dynegy."

1525:

Salpukas, Agis. "Growing Natural-Gas Seller to Expand Electric Business."

2914: 1910:

Barboza, David. "Ex-Executive Says Dynegy Asked His Help to Cook Books."

1201: 1176: 1161: 1019: 1003: 975: 958: 900: 720: 577: 388: 365: 320: 273: 265: 233: 125: 3168:

Eaton, Collin. "Dynegy Pays Off Term Loan With $ 500M in Senior Notes."

2270:

January 6, 2004; "Dynegy Exits 4 Natural Gas Transportation Contracts."

2053:

Romero, Simon. "Stiff Sentence Is Possibility For a Name Not So Known."

1757:

Atlas, Riva D. "Dynegy Faces New Questions Over 'Debt' of Partnership."

1384:"Vistra-Dynegy Merger Closing April 9 After FERC Nod | RTO Insider" 1337: 2437:

de la Merced, Michael J. "Blackstone to Pay $ 4.7 Billion for Dynegy."

2245:

November 4, 2003; "Ameren Agrees to Buy Illinois Utility From Dynegy."

678: 670: 372:. Its first headquarters was on the 40th floor of the Transco Tower in 307: 168: 40: 3022:

Bradshaw, Sarah. "Union Workers and Schools Left in Lurch by Dynegy."

1949:

Barboza, David. "Dynegy to Pay $ 3 Million In Settlement With S.E.C."

941:. The company used this income to retire an $ 800 million, seven-year 800: 732: 535: 431: 3038:

Gruen, Abby. "Dynegy Sells Roseton, Danskammer Plants in New York."

2996:

Pythress, Katherine. "Implosion Reduces Power Plant to Scrap Heap."

1884:

Sorkin, Andrew Ross. "Berkshire to Buy a Gas Pipeline From Dynegy."

2912:

Chaudhuri, Saabira. "Dynegy Q2 Loss Widens On Coal-Segment Charge."

2517:

de la Merced, Michael J. "Blackstone Raises Its Offer for Dynegy."

2027:

Romero, Simon. "Former Employees of Dynegy Face Charges of Fraud."

1463:

Salpukas, Agis. "How a Staid Electric Company Becomes a Renegade."

891: 691: 315: 253: 3091:

Barr, Diana. "Ameren to Sell Merchant Generation Unit to Dynegy."

2863:

Ahmed, Azam. "Dynegy Files for Bankruptcy as Part of Settlement."

2224:

April 3, 2003; "ChevronTexaco Agrees to Restructure Dynegy Debt."

1076: 453:

in 2000 and 2001. The case against Dynegy was dismissed in 2003.

288:

in 1995 after entering the electrical power generation business.

276:

on April 9, 2018. The company is located at 601 Travis Street in

2799:

de la Merced, Michael J. "Dynegy Hires Restructuring Advisers."

2746:

Lubben, Stephen J. "What's Behind Dynegy's Unusual Bankruptcy."

1437:

Hershey, Jr., Robert D. "Scrambling for Profits in a Gas Glut."

331: 3315:"Dynegy to Nearly Double Capacity With $ 6.25 Billion in Deals" 3252:

Finke, Doug. "Pollution Board Weighs Delay For Ameren Plants."

2501:

de la Merced, Michael J. "Blackstone Raises Offer For Dynegy."

2453:

de la Merced, Michael J. "Seneca Seeks Proxy Fight at Dynegy."

1191: 1171: 887: 760: 602: 352:; a consortium of natural gas pipeline companies that included 65: 3207:

Ryan, Molly. "Dynegy Hits a Roadblock in Ameren Acquisition."

3155:

Daugherty, Deon. "Dynegy Closes $ 1.3B Term Loan Facilities."

26: 2680:"Dynegy's Top Executives to Resign in Wake of Failed Deals." 2469:

Kaplan, Thomas. "Icahn Raises His Stake In Dynegy to 12.9%."

2364:"Chevron's Profit Rises 24%, With Help From Its Refineries." 2338:"Dynegy in $ 1.5 Billion Deal to Sell 8 Electricity Plants." 1554:

Myerson, Allen R. "Focus on Electric Power — The Commodity."

1541:"Two More Deals Further Consolidate the Nation's Utilities." 613:. In March 2005, it agreed to settle a 1999 dispute with the 553: 369: 296: 185: 3333:"Acquisitions power Dynegy back into top tier of generators" 2632:"Seneca Pre-Emptively Rejects Dynegy Offer at $ 6 a Share." 1841:"Dynegy Plans to Cut Dividend And Sell Assets to Raise Cash" 295:

in 1998. Dynegy maintained a rivalry with the Houston-based

241: 2228:

July 16, 2003; "Dynegy to Sell Debt in Private Placement."

1666:

Norris, Floyd. "Looking for Judgment On a Shattered Deal."

1476:"Trident NGL Agrees to be Acquired in $ 337 Million Deal." 953:

The Ameren plants-for-debt swap also ran into trouble. The

269: 1039: 2220:"Dynegy Strikes Deal for $ 1.66 Billion in Refinancing." 2194:"Dynegy Agrees to Sell Share of Louisiana Gas Terminal." 1975:"Dynegy to Pay $ 5 Million in Inquiry Into Fake Trades." 1786:"Dynegy May Find a Partner to Stabilize Energy Trading." 982: 3398:

Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange

2266:

April 24, 2003; "Dynegy Buys Out Electricity Contract."

2139:"Dynegy Hires Ex-Shell Executive As Financial Officer." 1988:"Dynegy to Sell a Natural Gas Storage Site in Britain." 1118: 846:

On February 2, 2013, Dynegy's South Bay Power Plant in

368:, later the chief executive officer of the energy firm 348:

Natural Gas Clearinghouse (NGC) was created in 1985 by

3408:

Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2012

3403:

Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2011

2616:

Ahmed, Azam. "Icahn Extends Offer Period for Dynegy."

2126:"Ex-Officer of Duke Energy Is Named Chief of Dynegy." 1897:"Dynegy Staves Off Bankruptcy With Sale of Pipeline." 391:, which gave both companies a financial stake in NGC. 3034: 3032: 3009:

Wolf, Craig. "Dynegy Workers on Strike in Newburgh."

2403:"Dynegy to Warn Investors on Risks of Coal Burning." 445:, and several other energy companies, was accused of 3232: 3230: 3220:"Dynegy Seeks Pollution Waiver in Ameren Purchase." 3077:

Butler, Kelsey. "Judge Approves Dynegy Plant Sale."

2983:

Daugherty, Deon. "Dynegy COO Kevin Howell Resigns."

2895:

Crooks, Ed. "Embattled Dynegy files for Chapter 11."

2309:"Dynegy Must Spend $ 321 Million to Cut Emissions." 2168:"Dynegy Sells European Telecom Business to Klesch." 1044: 339:) in Houston, Dynegy's original headquarters in 1984 3105: 3103: 2925: 2923: 3029: 2664:Ahmed, Azam. "Icahn Extends Dynegy Offer, Again." 2207:"Broadband Provider Will Acquire Dynegy Network." 2181:"Dynegy Again Restates Income for 2001 and 2002." 1610:"Court Cases Against Energy Companies Dismissed." 1580:"Dynegy Is Acquiring Extant for $ 152.5 Million." 3351:"Illinois AG sues company for coal ash pollution" 3268:"AFL-CIO Pushes For Waiver For Illinois Plants." 3227: 2929:Butler, Kelsey "Dynegy Holdings Plan Confirmed." 1962:"Dynegy Fires 6 Energy Trades for False Prices." 1923:Dynegy Says It Is Suspending Dividend Payments." 1679:"Dynegy to Pay Enron a $ 25 Million Settlement." 1521: 1519: 3374: 3264: 3262: 3100: 2920: 1507: 314:Dynegy Inc. was the subject of two unsuccessful 3248: 3246: 2699:Roose, Kevin. "Dynegy Settles With Creditors." 2296:"Dynegy to Buy Exelon Unit for $ 135 Million." 1378: 1376: 860:International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers 853: 727:(LLC). This legal maneuver took advantage of a 2778: 2776: 2100:"Former Dynegy Executive Settles With S.E.C." 2040:"2 Ex-Employees Plead Guilty in Dynegy Case." 1692:"Dynegy to Get Enron's Natural Gas Pipeline." 1567:"Nova Plans to Sell Its 26% Stake in Dynegy." 1516: 1513:Standard & Poor's Stock Guide, April 1996. 1252:Targa Is a Youngster With a Precocious Streak. 833:public fast-charging electric vehicle stations 3312: 3259: 2377:"Dynegy and LS Power to Undo Joint Venture." 2155:Mouawad, Jad. "Life in Energy, After Enron." 1248:Targa is a youngster with a precocious streak 1226:"Dynegy Generation Facilities." Dynegy. 2012. 1104: 987:United States Environmental Protection Agency 567: 530:groups), were indicted on numerous counts of 3243: 2485:de la Merced, Michael J. "DealBook Online." 1782: 1780: 1504:Austin, Tex.: Reference Press, 1995, p. 122. 1490:Hoover's Gandbook of American Business 2008. 1409:"NGC Corporation Changes Name to Dynegy Inc" 1373: 1356: 1354: 343: 245:601 Travis houses the headquarters of Dynegy 3299:Wernau, Julie. "Power Play for Ill. Coal." 2773: 2547: 2545: 2241:"Dynegy to Sell Illinois Power to Exelon." 1537: 1535: 16:Electricity company based in Houston, Texas 3388:Natural gas companies of the United States 3295: 3293: 3291: 3281:"Dynegy Rejects Foresight Energy's Plan." 3121: 3119: 2847:"Dynegy Files for Bankruptcy Protection." 2351:"Chevron Plans Offering of Dynegy Stake." 2151: 2149: 1936:"Dynegy Won't Seek New Interim Chairman." 1825:"Dynegy Shuts Its Online Trading System." 1812:"Dynegy's Chief Financial Officer Quits." 1502:Hoover's Guide to the Top Texas Companies. 1243: 1241: 1111: 1097: 468: 449:and other fraudulent practices during the 1777: 1731:"Dynegy Gets $ 900 Million Credit Line." 1351: 622:, a company owned by private equity firm 564:another $ 150 million to the plaintiffs. 326: 2831:"Trustee Sought for Dynegy Bankruptcy." 2694: 2692: 2542: 2334: 2332: 1744:"Dynegy Says S.E.C. Seeks Gas Inquiry." 1532: 1013: 472: 330: 240: 3423:Companies based in Harris County, Texas 3288: 3116: 2713: 2711: 2146: 2014:"Dynegy to Lay Off 14% of Work Force." 1593:"Duke and Williams Receive Subpoenas." 1238: 488:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 3375: 2917:. August 3, 2012. Accessed 2012-08-11. 2552:Davidoff, Steven M. "Unusual Tactic." 2429:"Blackstone, NRG To Carve Up Dynegy." 1314:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 584:, as its new chief financial officer. 2970:"Freedom Stations Get the Go-Ahead." 2689: 2329: 1838: 1420: 1418: 1092: 280:. The company was founded in 1984 as 3413:Energy companies established in 1984 2902:. July 6, 2012. Accessed 2012-07-12. 2708: 2322:"Dynegy Sets $ 2.3 Billion Merger." 1492:Austin, Tex.: Hoovers, 2007, p. 301. 1450:"Noble and Apache to Buy Marketer." 997: 955:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 828:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 521:Commodity Futures Trading Commission 3183:SNL Power Daily with Market Report. 3111:SNL Power Daily with Market Report. 3066:SNL Power Daily with Market Report. 2258:"Dynegy Allowed to Quit Contract." 1401: 1268: 1261:May 17, 2007. Accessed 2012-07-06; 972:Environmental Law and Policy Center 660: 260:. It owns and operates a number of 113:Rober C. Flexon (president and CEO) 13: 2770:July 6, 2012. Accessed 2012-07-12. 1415: 881: 821: 706: 572:On October 23, 2002, Dynegy hired 394: 362:Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld 14: 3434: 3138:"Dynegy to Launch Debt Package." 1033: 416: 3343: 3325: 3313:Rebecca Smith (22 August 2014). 3306: 3275: 3214: 3201: 3188: 3175: 3162: 3149: 3132: 3084: 3071: 3058: 3045: 3016: 3003: 2990: 2977: 2964: 2948: 2936: 2905: 2888: 2872: 2856: 2840: 2824: 2808: 2792: 2755: 1839:Feder, Barnaby J. (2002-06-25). 1075: 1061: 1047: 713:Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection 272:-fueled. Dynegy was acquired by 209: 208: 192: 191: 175: 174: 158: 157: 141: 140: 25: 3125:Yeagle, Patrick. "Shell Game." 2739: 2727: 2673: 2657: 2641: 2625: 2609: 2600:"No Fresh Bidders for Dynegy." 2593: 2577: 2561: 2526: 2510: 2494: 2478: 2462: 2446: 2422: 2410: 2397: 2384: 2371: 2358: 2345: 2316: 2303: 2290: 2277: 2252: 2235: 2214: 2201: 2188: 2175: 2162: 2133: 2120: 2107: 2094: 2081: 2064: 2047: 2034: 2021: 2008: 1995: 1982: 1969: 1956: 1943: 1930: 1917: 1904: 1891: 1878: 1865: 1832: 1819: 1806: 1793: 1764: 1751: 1738: 1725: 1712: 1699: 1686: 1673: 1660: 1643: 1630: 1617: 1604: 1587: 1574: 1561: 1548: 1495: 1483: 1470: 1457: 1444: 615:Environmental Protection Agency 591:. As Williamson later told the 2087:"Former Executives Indicted." 1431: 1322: 1219: 1025: 772:United States bankruptcy court 653:electrical generation led the 649:to the company. Its move into 629:In September 2006, Dynegy and 264:in the U.S., all of which are 1: 3418:2018 mergers and acquisitions 1428:New York: Wiley, 2003, p. 12. 1213: 749:Danskammer Generating Station 618:Dynegy sold this business to 451:California electricity crisis 291:The company adopted the name 3144:SNL Electric Utility Report. 989:(EPA) issued final rules on 854:Roseton and Danskammer sales 655:National Environmental Trust 463:Northern Natural Gas Company 7: 3283:St. Louis Business Journal. 3093:St. Louis Business Journal. 381:LG&E Energy Corporation 10: 3439: 3393:Companies based in Houston 3040:SNL Energy M&A Review. 753:Roseton Generating Station 568:Recovery and restructuring 540:Credit Suisse First Boston 437:Dynegy, along with Enron, 128:(discontinued after 2005) 3209:Houston Business Journal. 3170:Houston Business Journal. 3157:Houston Business Journal. 2985:Houston Business Journal. 1426:Enron: The Rise and Fall. 1127: 1120:Dow Jones Utility Average 826:On November 5, 2012, the 813:capital income securities 725:limited liability company 639:New York Attorney General 484:Moody's Investors Service 421: 344:Natural Gas Clearinghouse 282:Natural Gas Clearinghouse 227: 217: 200: 183: 166: 149: 136: 121: 105: 95: 84: 76: 70:electrical power industry 61: 46: 36: 24: 3238:St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 2998:San Diego Union-Tribune. 801:sale-leaseback agreement 665:On August 13, 2010, the 360:; and the legal firm of 3355:Capitolnewsillinois.com 2435:, accessed 2012-07-06; 1366:April 13, 2016, at the 1137:American Electric Power 983:UBS Investment Research 864:Orange County, New York 831:million to install 200 611:Northeast United States 469:Near-bankruptcy of 2002 456:In 2001, Dynegy made a 401:New York Stock Exchange 364:. A major investor was 179:US$ -1.2 billion (2016) 162:US$ -640 million (2016) 115:Clint C. Freeland (CFO) 111:Pat Wood III (chairman) 2837:, accessed 2012-07-06. 2443:, accessed 2012-07-06. 935:term loan B facilities 729:Delaware Supreme Court 478: 340: 327:Corporate predecessors 246: 145:US$ 4.3 billion (2016) 131:Electricity generation 3254:Kewanee Star-Courier. 3024:Poughkeepsie Journal. 3011:Poughkeepsie Journal. 1014:Acquisition by Vistra 937:and $ 500 million in 920:Bartonville, Illinois 904:collective bargaining 848:San Diego, California 476: 334: 244: 196:US$ 13 billion (2016) 117:Martin W. Daley (COO) 3339:. 25 September 2014. 3097:Accessed 2013-03-21. 2961:Accessed 2012-10-17. 2945:Accessed 2012-10-17. 2885:Accessed 2012-07-12. 2881:Wall Street Journal. 2869:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2853:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2821:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2805:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2789:Accessed 2012-07-12. 2785:Wall Street Journal. 2752:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2736:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2724:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2705:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2686:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2670:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2654:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2638:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2622:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2606:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2590:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2574:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2539:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2523:Accessed 2012-07.06. 2507:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2491:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2475:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2459:Accessed 2012-07-06. 2431:Wall Street Journal. 2419:Accessed 2012-07-06. 1370:Accessed 2012-07-12. 1265:Accessed 2012-07-06. 1235:Accessed 2012-07-06. 1167:Edison International 213:US$ 2 billion (2016) 3303:September 22, 2013. 3285:September 19, 2013. 3272:September 17, 2013. 3256:September 18, 2013. 3240:September 13, 2013. 3129:September 19, 2013. 3053:Reuters Hedgeworld. 2558:Accessed 2012-07-6. 2394:September 16, 2007. 2326:September 15, 2006. 2078:September 25, 2006. 1953:September 25, 2002. 1008:EquiPower Resources 876:private equity firm 532:mail and wire fraud 439:El Paso Corporation 406:Chevron Corporation 335:Transco Tower (now 306:Dynegy nearly went 301:wrongdoing by Enron 219:Number of employees 21: 3081:September 3, 2013. 3079:The Deal Pipeline. 2974:November 15, 2012. 2972:Chico News-Review. 2957:Houston Chronicle. 2933:September 5, 2012. 2684:February 21, 2011. 2668:February 14, 2011. 2652:February 11, 2011. 2588:December 16, 2010. 2572:November 24, 2010. 2556:November 19, 2010. 2537:November 17, 2010. 2521:November 16, 2010. 2505:November 17, 2010. 2489:November 12, 2010. 2473:November 13, 2010. 2457:November 11, 2010. 2283:"Company Briefs." 2198:February 19, 2003. 2185:February 15, 2003. 2091:December 11, 2003. 1979:December 20, 2002. 1940:September 4, 2002. 1871:"Company Briefs." 1845:The New York Times 1640:November 21, 2001. 1601:December 13, 2002. 1529:February 19, 1997. 1467:December 12, 1993. 1441:December 30, 1984. 1231:2012-03-06 at the 1018:On April 9, 2018, 918:; E.D. Edwards in 745:Newburgh, New York 684:E. Hunter Harrison 598:telecommunications 549:U.S. Supreme Court 482:price 22 percent. 479: 447:price manipulation 356:; investment bank 341: 247: 19: 3337:Houston Chronicle 3270:Associated Press. 3222:Associated Press. 3026:December 1, 2012. 3013:November 9, 2012. 3000:February 3, 2013. 2849:Associated Press. 2766:Houston Chronicle 2750:November 8, 2011. 2636:January 26, 2011. 2620:January 26, 2011. 2604:January 25, 2011. 2407:October 24, 2008. 2405:Associated Press. 2300:November 3, 2004. 2249:February 4, 2004. 2172:January 24, 2003. 2143:December 3, 2002. 2130:October 24, 2002. 2018:October 22, 2002. 2005:October 17, 2002. 1966:October 19, 2002. 1670:December 3, 2001. 1657:December 2, 2001. 1627:November 8, 2001. 1257:Houston Chronicle 1210: 1209: 998:2014 acquisitions 912:Coffeen, Illinois 763:and the law firm 582:Royal Dutch Shell 256:company based in 239: 238: 223:2,489 (2017) 3430: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3361: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3310: 3304: 3301:Chicago Tribune. 3297: 3286: 3279: 3273: 3266: 3257: 3250: 3241: 3234: 3225: 3218: 3212: 3205: 3199: 3198:August 26, 2013. 3192: 3186: 3179: 3173: 3166: 3160: 3153: 3147: 3140:Project Finance. 3136: 3130: 3123: 3114: 3107: 3098: 3088: 3082: 3075: 3069: 3062: 3056: 3049: 3043: 3042:January 1, 2013. 3036: 3027: 3020: 3014: 3007: 3001: 2994: 2988: 2987:January 8, 2013. 2981: 2975: 2968: 2962: 2959:October 2, 2012. 2952: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2927: 2918: 2909: 2903: 2892: 2886: 2876: 2870: 2860: 2854: 2844: 2838: 2828: 2822: 2812: 2806: 2796: 2790: 2780: 2771: 2759: 2753: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2715: 2706: 2696: 2687: 2677: 2671: 2661: 2655: 2645: 2639: 2629: 2623: 2613: 2607: 2597: 2591: 2581: 2575: 2565: 2559: 2549: 2540: 2530: 2524: 2514: 2508: 2498: 2492: 2482: 2476: 2466: 2460: 2450: 2444: 2426: 2420: 2414: 2408: 2401: 2395: 2388: 2382: 2381:August 10, 2009. 2375: 2369: 2362: 2356: 2349: 2343: 2342:August 10, 2009. 2336: 2327: 2320: 2314: 2307: 2301: 2294: 2288: 2281: 2275: 2256: 2250: 2239: 2233: 2232:October 1, 2003. 2218: 2212: 2205: 2199: 2192: 2186: 2179: 2173: 2166: 2160: 2153: 2144: 2137: 2131: 2124: 2118: 2111: 2105: 2104:October 1, 2007. 2098: 2092: 2085: 2079: 2068: 2062: 2051: 2045: 2038: 2032: 2025: 2019: 2012: 2006: 1999: 1993: 1992:October 1, 2002. 1986: 1980: 1973: 1967: 1960: 1954: 1947: 1941: 1934: 1928: 1927:August 13, 2002. 1921: 1915: 1908: 1902: 1901:August 17, 2002. 1895: 1889: 1882: 1876: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1859: 1836: 1830: 1823: 1817: 1810: 1804: 1797: 1791: 1784: 1775: 1768: 1762: 1755: 1749: 1742: 1736: 1729: 1723: 1716: 1710: 1709:January 5, 2002. 1703: 1697: 1696:January 4, 2002. 1690: 1684: 1683:August 16, 2002. 1677: 1671: 1664: 1658: 1647: 1641: 1634: 1628: 1621: 1615: 1608: 1602: 1591: 1585: 1578: 1572: 1571:August 25, 1998. 1565: 1559: 1558:August 23, 1998. 1552: 1546: 1539: 1530: 1523: 1514: 1511: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1487: 1481: 1474: 1468: 1461: 1455: 1448: 1442: 1435: 1429: 1422: 1413: 1412: 1405: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1395: 1386:. Archived from 1380: 1371: 1358: 1349: 1348: 1346: 1345: 1336:. Archived from 1326: 1320: 1319: 1313: 1305: 1303: 1302: 1296: 1290:. Archived from 1289: 1281: 1266: 1245: 1236: 1223: 1197:Southern Company 1113: 1106: 1099: 1090: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1079: 1071: 1069:Companies portal 1066: 1065: 1064: 1057: 1052: 1051: 1050: 976:Foresight Energy 947:syndicated loans 939:revolving credit 928:Newton, Illinois 926:; and Newton in 916:Canton, Illinois 914:; Duck Creek in 837:plug-in stations 765:White & Case 667:Blackstone Group 661:Takeover battles 596:Dynegy sold its 574:Bruce Williamson 278:Downtown Houston 212: 211: 205: 195: 194: 188: 178: 177: 161: 160: 152:Operating income 144: 143: 101:USA (six states) 29: 22: 18: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3428: 3427: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3359: 3357: 3349: 3348: 3344: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3311: 3307: 3298: 3289: 3280: 3276: 3267: 3260: 3251: 3244: 3235: 3228: 3219: 3215: 3206: 3202: 3196:Inside F.E.R.C. 3193: 3189: 3180: 3176: 3167: 3163: 3159:April 23, 2013. 3154: 3150: 3137: 3133: 3127:Illinois Times. 3124: 3117: 3113:April 18, 2013. 3108: 3101: 3095:March 14, 2013. 3089: 3085: 3076: 3072: 3063: 3059: 3050: 3046: 3037: 3030: 3021: 3017: 3008: 3004: 2995: 2991: 2982: 2978: 2969: 2965: 2953: 2949: 2941: 2937: 2928: 2921: 2915:Marketwatch.com 2910: 2906: 2899:Financial Times 2893: 2889: 2877: 2873: 2865:New York Times. 2861: 2857: 2845: 2841: 2833:New York Times. 2829: 2825: 2819:March 10, 2012. 2817:New York Times. 2813: 2809: 2803:April 13, 2011. 2801:New York Times. 2797: 2793: 2781: 2774: 2760: 2756: 2748:New York Times. 2744: 2740: 2732: 2728: 2720:New York Times. 2716: 2709: 2701:New York Times. 2697: 2690: 2682:New York Times. 2678: 2674: 2666:New York Times. 2662: 2658: 2650:New York Times. 2646: 2642: 2634:New York Times. 2630: 2626: 2618:New York Times. 2614: 2610: 2602:New York Times. 2598: 2594: 2586:New York Times. 2582: 2578: 2570:New York Times. 2566: 2562: 2554:New York Times. 2550: 2543: 2535:New York Times. 2531: 2527: 2519:New York Times. 2515: 2511: 2503:New York Times. 2499: 2495: 2487:New York Times. 2483: 2479: 2471:New York Times. 2467: 2463: 2455:New York Times. 2451: 2447: 2441:August 13, 2010 2439:New York Times. 2433:August 13, 2010 2427: 2423: 2415: 2411: 2402: 2398: 2392:New York Times. 2389: 2385: 2379:New York Times. 2376: 2372: 2363: 2359: 2353:New York Times. 2350: 2346: 2337: 2330: 2324:New York Times. 2321: 2317: 2311:New York Times. 2308: 2304: 2298:New York Times. 2295: 2291: 2287:March 25, 2004. 2285:New York Times. 2282: 2278: 2272:New York Times. 2268:New York Times. 2264:New York Times. 2260:New York Times. 2257: 2253: 2247:New York Times. 2243:New York Times. 2240: 2236: 2230:New York Times. 2226:New York Times. 2222:New York Times. 2219: 2215: 2209:New York Times. 2206: 2202: 2196:New York Times. 2193: 2189: 2183:New York Times. 2180: 2176: 2170:New York Times. 2167: 2163: 2157:New York Times. 2154: 2147: 2141:New York Times. 2138: 2134: 2128:New York Times. 2125: 2121: 2117:April 16, 2005. 2115:New York Times. 2112: 2108: 2102:New York Times. 2099: 2095: 2089:New York Times. 2086: 2082: 2076:New York Times. 2072:New York Times. 2069: 2065: 2061:March 26, 2004. 2059:New York Times. 2055:New York Times. 2052: 2048: 2044:August 6, 2003. 2042:New York Times. 2039: 2035: 2029:New York Times. 2026: 2022: 2016:New York Times. 2013: 2009: 2003:New York Times. 2000: 1996: 1990:New York Times. 1987: 1983: 1977:New York Times. 1974: 1970: 1964:New York Times. 1961: 1957: 1951:New York Times. 1948: 1944: 1938:New York Times. 1935: 1931: 1925:New York Times. 1922: 1918: 1914:August 5, 2002. 1912:New York Times. 1909: 1905: 1899:New York Times. 1896: 1892: 1886:New York Times. 1883: 1879: 1873:New York Times. 1870: 1866: 1857: 1855: 1837: 1833: 1827:New York Times. 1824: 1820: 1814:New York Times. 1811: 1807: 1801:New York Times. 1798: 1794: 1788:New York Times. 1785: 1778: 1772:New York Times. 1769: 1765: 1759:New York Times. 1756: 1752: 1746:New York Times. 1743: 1739: 1733:New York Times. 1730: 1726: 1722:April 27, 2002. 1720:New York Times. 1717: 1713: 1707:New York Times. 1704: 1700: 1694:New York Times. 1691: 1687: 1681:New York Times. 1678: 1674: 1668:New York Times. 1665: 1661: 1655:New York Times. 1651:New York Times. 1648: 1644: 1638:New York Times. 1635: 1631: 1625:New York Times. 1622: 1618: 1614:March 26, 2003. 1612:New York Times. 1609: 1605: 1599:New York Times. 1595:New York Times. 1592: 1588: 1584:August 3, 2000. 1582:New York Times. 1579: 1575: 1569:New York Times. 1566: 1562: 1556:New York Times. 1553: 1549: 1543:New York Times. 1540: 1533: 1527:New York Times. 1524: 1517: 1512: 1508: 1500: 1496: 1488: 1484: 1480:August 5, 1994. 1478:New York Times. 1475: 1471: 1465:New York Times. 1462: 1458: 1452:New York Times. 1449: 1445: 1439:New York Times. 1436: 1432: 1423: 1416: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1393: 1391: 1382: 1381: 1374: 1368:Wayback Machine 1359: 1352: 1343: 1341: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1307: 1306: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1287: 1285:"Archived copy" 1283: 1282: 1269: 1246: 1239: 1233:Wayback Machine 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1157:Dominion Energy 1123: 1117: 1081: 1074: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1036: 1028: 1016: 1000: 924:Joppa, Illinois 884: 882:Ameren purchase 871:Hurricane Sandy 856: 824: 822:Post-bankruptcy 709: 707:2012 bankruptcy 663: 647:financial risks 620:Targa Resources 570: 517:United Airlines 471: 424: 419: 397: 395:NGC Corporation 346: 329: 286:NGC Corporation 220: 201: 184: 171: 154: 129: 116: 114: 112: 108: 98: 51: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3436: 3426: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3367: 3366: 3342: 3324: 3305: 3287: 3274: 3258: 3242: 3226: 3224:July 24, 2013. 3213: 3200: 3187: 3185:July 29, 2013. 3174: 3161: 3148: 3146:April 8, 2013. 3131: 3115: 3099: 3083: 3070: 3057: 3044: 3028: 3015: 3002: 2989: 2976: 2963: 2947: 2935: 2931:Deal Pipeline. 2919: 2904: 2887: 2871: 2855: 2839: 2835:March 12, 2012 2823: 2807: 2791: 2772: 2754: 2738: 2726: 2722:March 9, 2011. 2707: 2703:April 4, 2012. 2688: 2672: 2656: 2640: 2624: 2608: 2592: 2576: 2560: 2541: 2525: 2509: 2493: 2477: 2461: 2445: 2421: 2409: 2396: 2383: 2370: 2368:July 28, 2007. 2357: 2344: 2328: 2315: 2313:March 8, 2005. 2302: 2289: 2276: 2274:July 15, 2004. 2251: 2234: 2213: 2211:April 1, 2003. 2200: 2187: 2174: 2161: 2159:June 25, 2005. 2145: 2132: 2119: 2106: 2093: 2080: 2063: 2046: 2033: 2031:June 13, 2003. 2020: 2007: 1994: 1981: 1968: 1955: 1942: 1929: 1916: 1903: 1890: 1888:July 30, 2002. 1877: 1875:June 29, 2002. 1864: 1831: 1829:June 21, 2002. 1818: 1816:June 20, 2002. 1805: 1803:June 14, 2002. 1792: 1790:July 24, 2002. 1776: 1763: 1750: 1737: 1724: 1711: 1698: 1685: 1672: 1659: 1642: 1629: 1616: 1603: 1586: 1573: 1560: 1547: 1545:June 15, 1999. 1531: 1515: 1506: 1494: 1482: 1469: 1456: 1454:April 5, 1989. 1443: 1430: 1414: 1400: 1372: 1350: 1321: 1267: 1237: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1182:NextEra Energy 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1142:American Water 1139: 1134: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1116: 1115: 1108: 1101: 1093: 1087: 1086: 1072: 1058: 1043: 1042: 1035: 1034:External links 1032: 1027: 1024: 1015: 1012: 999: 996: 991:sulfur dioxide 943:line of credit 883: 880: 855: 852: 823: 820: 733:fiduciary duty 708: 705: 675:Seneca Capital 662: 659: 631:LS Power Group 624:Warburg Pincus 601:subsidiary to 593:New York Times 569: 566: 500:Charles Watson 494:New York Times 470: 467: 443:Reliant Energy 423: 420: 418: 417:Dynegy history 415: 396: 393: 374:Houston, Texas 358:Morgan Stanley 350:Charles Watson 345: 342: 337:Williams Tower 328: 325: 262:power stations 258:Houston, Texas 237: 236: 231: 225: 224: 221: 218: 215: 214: 206: 198: 197: 189: 181: 180: 172: 167: 164: 163: 155: 150: 147: 146: 138: 134: 133: 123: 119: 118: 109: 106: 103: 102: 99: 96: 93: 92: 89:Houston, Texas 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 63: 59: 58: 52: 47: 44: 43: 38: 34: 33: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3435: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3371: 3356: 3352: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3320: 3316: 3309: 3302: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3284: 3278: 3271: 3265: 3263: 3255: 3249: 3247: 3239: 3233: 3231: 3223: 3217: 3211:June 7, 2013. 3210: 3204: 3197: 3191: 3184: 3178: 3172:May 21, 2013. 3171: 3165: 3158: 3152: 3145: 3141: 3135: 3128: 3122: 3120: 3112: 3106: 3104: 3096: 3094: 3087: 3080: 3074: 3068:May 30, 2013. 3067: 3061: 3054: 3048: 3041: 3035: 3033: 3025: 3019: 3012: 3006: 2999: 2993: 2986: 2980: 2973: 2967: 2960: 2958: 2951: 2944: 2939: 2932: 2926: 2924: 2916: 2913: 2908: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2884: 2883:July 6, 2012. 2882: 2875: 2868: 2867:July 6, 2012. 2866: 2859: 2852: 2851:July 6, 2012. 2850: 2843: 2836: 2834: 2827: 2820: 2818: 2811: 2804: 2802: 2795: 2788: 2787:July 6, 2012. 2786: 2779: 2777: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2751: 2749: 2742: 2735: 2730: 2723: 2721: 2714: 2712: 2704: 2702: 2695: 2693: 2685: 2683: 2676: 2669: 2667: 2660: 2653: 2651: 2644: 2637: 2635: 2628: 2621: 2619: 2612: 2605: 2603: 2596: 2589: 2587: 2580: 2573: 2571: 2564: 2557: 2555: 2548: 2546: 2538: 2536: 2529: 2522: 2520: 2513: 2506: 2504: 2497: 2490: 2488: 2481: 2474: 2472: 2465: 2458: 2456: 2449: 2442: 2440: 2434: 2432: 2425: 2418: 2413: 2406: 2400: 2393: 2387: 2380: 2374: 2367: 2361: 2355:May 22, 2007. 2354: 2348: 2341: 2335: 2333: 2325: 2319: 2312: 2306: 2299: 2293: 2286: 2280: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2255: 2248: 2244: 2238: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2210: 2204: 2197: 2191: 2184: 2178: 2171: 2165: 2158: 2152: 2150: 2142: 2136: 2129: 2123: 2116: 2110: 2103: 2097: 2090: 2084: 2077: 2073: 2067: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2043: 2037: 2030: 2024: 2017: 2011: 2004: 1998: 1991: 1985: 1978: 1972: 1965: 1959: 1952: 1946: 1939: 1933: 1926: 1920: 1913: 1907: 1900: 1894: 1887: 1881: 1874: 1868: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1835: 1828: 1822: 1815: 1809: 1802: 1796: 1789: 1783: 1781: 1774:May 29, 2002. 1773: 1767: 1761:May 14, 2002. 1760: 1754: 1747: 1741: 1734: 1728: 1721: 1715: 1708: 1702: 1695: 1689: 1682: 1676: 1669: 1663: 1656: 1652: 1646: 1639: 1633: 1626: 1620: 1613: 1607: 1600: 1596: 1590: 1583: 1577: 1570: 1564: 1557: 1551: 1544: 1538: 1536: 1528: 1522: 1520: 1510: 1503: 1498: 1491: 1486: 1479: 1473: 1466: 1460: 1453: 1447: 1440: 1434: 1427: 1421: 1419: 1410: 1404: 1390:on 2018-04-07 1389: 1385: 1379: 1377: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1357: 1355: 1340:on 2019-01-15 1339: 1335: 1331: 1325: 1317: 1311: 1297:on 2017-08-12 1293: 1286: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1084: 1083:Energy portal 1078: 1073: 1070: 1059: 1056: 1045: 1041: 1040:Official site 1038: 1037: 1031: 1023: 1021: 1011: 1009: 1005: 995: 992: 988: 984: 979: 977: 973: 967: 965: 960: 956: 951: 948: 944: 940: 936: 931: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 902: 898: 893: 889: 879: 877: 872: 867: 865: 861: 851: 849: 844: 840: 838: 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