635:
During the rule of
Emperor Shengzong, the Liao dynasty instituted feudal reform, spurring its economy. Prior to this, it had depended on territorial expansion, slavery and thievery. Under Emperor Shengzong's rule, most slaves were liberated, becoming normal members of society. The most important
533:
in 986. Three large Song armies were sent to three different strategic locations on the approach to the southern capital. While initially successful, the young
Emperor Shengzong, along with Empress Dowager Xiao, led an army of Liao cavalry to counter the enemy and defeated the Song forces at the
618:
religion and thus not the religion of the
Chinese, whom they saw as inferior, what is not clear is the extent that Buddhism penetrated the Khitan population, as the bulk of Buddhist shrines and temples were located in the southern part of the domains of the Liao where the largely Chinese
587:
dynasties. Despite the importance of the return of the examination system, it initially only opened the road for very small numbers, as only three to five were awarded initially, and the number only increased to between 30 and 130 candidates passing the triennial exams by 1014.
597:
degree holders were not even appointed to office, as Khitan aristocrats were far more likely to receive appointments. Khitan people receiving appointments did so specifically through patronage, as they were expressly prohibited from taking the examinations.
614:. Within a century of his reign, an estimated 10% of the Liao population were Buddhist monks or nuns, though this figure may have been exaggerated. While the Khitans did not associate Buddhism with the Chinese people because it was seen more as a
648:
raising, as well as agriculture and fishing. During
Emperor Shengzong's reign, the Liao dynasty enjoyed peace and prosperity, so it is widely praised that Emperor Shengzong's reign was a golden age of the Liao dynasty
1838:
553:
of silver to the Liao dynasty in exchange for peace. This arrangement would remain in place with modifications until the end of the Liao dynasty, and in fact, the
541:
In 1004, the Liao dynasty carried out a large-scale invasion of Song territory, camping out in the town of
Shanyuan, about 100 miles north of the Song capital of
1802:
575:
Emperor
Shengzong also institutionalised state examinations for the selection of officials, which was done in 988, based on models used by the
1917:
1834:
549:, signed in mid-January 1005. According to this treaty, the Song dynasty would pay an annual tribute of 200,000 bolts of silk and 100,000
1625:
1897:
1892:
1877:
1818:
1790:
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sought to take advantage of the situation by launching an invasion on the Liao dynasty's southern capital (present-day
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as her senior general to continue attacks on the Song dynasty in retaliation until the following year.
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population resided. There is evidence to suggest that the Khitan populace maintained their
570:
8:
1857:
530:
103:
658:
546:
713:
Princess Zhang of Qin State (秦國長公主 耶律岩母堇), personal name
Yanmuqin (岩母堇), 2nd daughter
677:
Empress Rende, of the Xiao clan (仁德皇后 蕭氏; 983–1032), personal name (菩薩哥), a niece of
131:
1427:
1405:
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372:
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Noble
Consort Xiao, of the Xiao clan (貴妃 蕭氏; 970–993), daughther of Xiao Pai (蕭排)
557:
could continue this arrangement with the Song dynasty with the founding of their
194:
1738:
1732:
511:, at the age of 12 in 982. As he was too young to rule at the time, his mother,
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554:
1851:
615:
492:
1727:
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Married Xiao Pili (蕭匹里) in 1012 and had issue (five sons and six daughters).
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35:
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Portrayed by Chen Hao, Cary Ye and Leo Pei in the 2020 Chinese TV series
1286:
889:
Princess
Nanyang (南陽公主, b. 1130), personal name Cuiba (崔八), 4th daughter
697:
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576:
206:
182:
983:
1522:
913:
Princess of Jing State (荆國公主), personal name Dianni (鈿匿), 6th daughter
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Princess of Qin (秦國公主, b. 990), personal name Yange (燕哥), 1st daughter
730:
Princess of Yue State (越國公主), personal name Shuogu (槊古), 3rd daughter
620:
929:
Princess Linhai (臨海縣主), personal name
Changshou (長壽), 8th daughter
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897:
Princess Zhangning (長寧公主), personal name Taoge (陶哥), 5th daughter
843:
Princess Jinxiang (金鄉郡主), personal name Saige (賽哥), 13th daughter
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Princess Renshou (仁寿縣主), personal name Baishi (擘失), 11th daughter
1743:
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Princess Tongchang (同昌公主), personal name Bage (八哥), 9th daughter
792:
Yelü Zongyuan, Prince of Beiyuan (北院大王 耶律宗願; 1008–1072), 10th son
700:, of the Xiao clan (欽哀皇后 蕭氏; d. 1057), personal name Noujin (耨斤)
624:
542:
534:
Battle of the Qigou Pass in June. Empress Dowager Xiao appointed
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222:
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Princess Xunyang (潯陽公主), personal name Jiuge (九哥), 7th daughter
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1651:
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Yelü Zongjian, Prince of Liucheng (柳城郡王 耶律宗簡; d. 1050), 7th son
933:
859:
Princess Yelü (耶律公主), personal name Xingge (興哥), 14th daughter
811:
Princess Sanhe (三河郡主), personal name Shige (十哥), 10th daughter
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Princess Yelü (耶律公主), personal name Taige (泰哥), 12th daughter
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Yelü Zongyuan, Prince of Qin (秦國王 耶律宗元; 1021–1063), 6th son
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Virtuous Consort Xiao, of the Xiao clan (德妃 蕭氏; d. 1017)
1399:
Portrayed by Jang Dong-jik and Oh Gun-woo in the 2009
454:
384:
328:
1849:
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878:Yelü Zongwei, Prince of Liang (梁王 耶律宗偉), 9th son
606:Emperor Shengzong began the active patronage of
475:(16 January 972 – 25 June 1031), personal name
1619:
725:Married Xiao Hui (蕭惠) and had issue (one son)
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410:
354:
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284:
733:Married Xiao Xiaozhong (蕭孝忠) and had issue (
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627:belief systems along with their rituals.
674:Deposed Empress, of the Xiao clan (廢后蕭氏)
507:Emperor Shengzong succeeded his father,
102:Yongqing Mausoleum (永慶陵, in present-day
1421:Portrayed by Kim Hyuk in the 2023~2024
636:parts of the economy from then on were
503:Conflict with the Northern Song dynasty
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1177:Emperor Shengzong of Liao (972–1031)
201:Emperor Wenwu Daxiao Xuan (文武大孝宣皇帝)
13:
951:Yelu Shusi (耶律屬思, b.1017), 5th son
499:and its longest reigning monarch.
14:
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1535:. pp. 68–71, 76–86, 115–116.
1475:
610:, rebuilding temples such as the
161:Sinicised given name: Lóngxù (隆緒)
159:Khitan given name: Wénshùnú (文殊奴)
1918:People of the Goryeo–Khitan War
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1472:demoted to Noble Consort (貴妃)
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1893:11th-century Chinese monarchs
1803:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
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872:, of the Puhai clan (和儀 仆槐氏)
45:14 October 982 – 25 June 1031
1878:Emperors of the Liao dynasty
1495:"辽代《萧绍宗墓志铭》和《耶律燕哥墓志铭》考释_爱学术"
875:Yelü Zongxun (耶律宗訓), 8th son
79:Yelü Longxu (sinicised name)
7:
1586:Emperor of the Liao Dynasty
960:
916:married Ciao Shuanggu (蕭雙古)
892:married Xiao Xiaoxian (蕭孝先)
789:, of the Geng clan (淑儀 耿氏)
137:
124:
16:Emperor of the Liao dynasty
10:
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1913:11th-century Khitan rulers
1908:10th-century Khitan rulers
1544:Emperor Shengzong of Liao
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1075:
972:
932:married Dali Qiu (大力秋) of
900:married Xiao Yangliu (蕭楊六)
862:married Xiao Wangliu (蕭王六)
800:, of the Bai clan (昭儀 白氏)
707:(耶律宗真; 1016–1055), 4th son
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1888:Chinese Buddhist monarchs
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1733:Empress Dowager Chengtian
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814:married Xiao Gaojiu (蕭高九)
773:, of the Ma clan (麗儀 馬氏)
716:Married Xiao Zhuobu (蕭浞卜)
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612:Monastery of Solitary Joy
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1533:Harvard University Press
1528:Imperial China: 900-1800
1435:
1065:Emperor Jingzong of Liao
1041:Empress Rouzhen (d. 951)
910:, of the Xiao clan (蕭氏)
886:, of the Xiao clan (萧氏)
830:married Xiao Hulie (蕭忽烈)
822:married Liu Siduan (劉四端)
719:Married Xiao Haili (蕭海里)
705:Emperor Xingzong of Liao
406:Traditional Chinese
280:Traditional Chinese
1415:The Legend of Xiao Chuo
1323:Emperor Taizong of Liao
1010:Emperor Shizong of Liao
846:married Xiao Tuyu (蕭圖玉)
840:of the Li clan (順儀 李氏)
806:married Liu Sangu (劉三嘏)
722:Married Xiao Hudu (蕭胡覩)
545:. This resulted in the
420:Simplified Chinese
294:Simplified Chinese
177:Taiping (太平; 1021-1031)
1883:Liao dynasty Buddhists
1873:11th-century Buddhists
1868:10th-century Buddhists
926:, of the Da clan (大氏)
175:Kaitai (開泰; 1012-1021)
77:Wenshunu (Khitan name)
669:Consort and issue(s):
529:) in the contentious
523:Northern Song dynasty
515:, became the regent.
189:Emperor Tianfu (天輔皇帝)
173:Tonghe (統和; 983-1012)
938:married Xiao Gu (蕭古)
571:Imperial examination
513:Empress Dowager Xiao
1903:People from Chifeng
1235:Xiao Siwen (d. 970)
531:Sixteen Prefectures
104:Bairin Right Banner
1394:In popular culture
659:Goryeo-Khitan Wars
653:Goryeo-Khitan Wars
602:Spread of Buddhism
565:Examination system
547:Treaty of Shanyuan
171:Qianheng (乾亨; 982)
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93:(aged 59)
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81:16 January 972
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495:-led Chinese
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343:(Khitan name)
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138:§ Family
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1791:N. Dynasties
1787:S. Dynasties
1709:Western Liao
1676:
1636:Liao dynasty
1584:
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1526:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:
1489:
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1413:
1404:
1212:Xiao Humeili
1124:Xiao Sagezhi
923:
907:
883:
869:
853:
837:
797:
786:
770:
752:
747:
735:Xiao Guanyin
689:
683:
668:
667:
634:
605:
592:
590:
574:
540:
517:
506:
497:Liao dynasty
484:
476:
472:
471:
450:Hanyu Pinyin
397:Yelü Longxu
380:Hanyu Pinyin
324:Hanyu Pinyin
91:(1031-06-25)
89:25 June 1031
36:Liao dynasty
1863:1031 deaths
1783:16 Kingdoms
1348:Yelü Lübugu
1100:Xiao Aguzhi
631:Innovations
577:Han Chinese
559:Jin dynasty
485:Yelü Longxu
456:Yēlǜ Lóngxù
207:Temple name
183:Regnal name
115:Xiao Pusage
50:Predecessor
1858:972 births
1852:Categories
1775:3 Kingdoms
1551:(916–1125)
1523:Mote, F.W.
1516:References
1504:2021-09-25
1425:TV series
1403:TV series
1289:(953–1009)
569:See also:
536:Yelü Xiuge
1677:Shengzong
1590:982–1031
1325:(902–947)
1287:Xiao Chuo
1067:(948–982)
1012:(919–951)
986:(899–937)
625:animistic
621:sedentary
481:sinicised
341:Wenshunu
260:Xiao Chuo
166:Era dates
120:Concubine
60:Successor
1735:(regent)
1724:(regent)
1682:Xingzong
1672:Jingzong
1525:(1999).
1126:(d. 951)
984:Yelü Bei
961:Ancestry
945:Unknown
608:Buddhism
555:Jurchens
477:Wenshunu
386:Wénshùnú
1744:Kuchlug
1728:Renzong
1692:Tianzuo
1687:Daozong
1662:Shizong
1657:Taizong
838:Shunyi,
692:3rd son
686:2nd son
543:Kaifeng
527:Beijing
521:of the
491:of the
489:emperor
350:Chinese
235:Dynasty
112:Empress
34:of the
32:Emperor
1815:W. Xia
1717:Dezong
1667:Muzong
1561:
854:Fangyi
798:Zhaoyi
664:Family
616:Uyghur
594:jinshi
493:Khitan
256:Mother
246:Father
98:Burial
1759:Shang
1739:Mozhu
1652:Taizu
1563:Died:
1556:Born:
1436:Notes
934:Bohai
787:Shuyi
646:sheep
642:horse
591:Most
579:-led
551:taels
483:name
223:House
148:Names
132:Issue
42:Reign
1831:Qing
1827:Ming
1823:Yuan
1811:Song
1807:Liao
1799:Tang
1763:Zhou
1644:Liao
1565:1031
1423:KBS2
1401:KBS2
924:Lady
908:Lady
884:Lady
870:Heyi
771:Liyi
644:and
585:Song
583:and
581:Tang
426:耶律隆绪
412:耶律隆緒
240:Liao
228:Yelü
157:(耶律)
155:Yēlǜ
136:See
123:See
86:Died
74:Born
1839:PRC
1835:ROC
1819:Jīn
1795:Sui
1779:Jìn
1771:Han
1767:Qin
1755:Xia
1558:972
356:文殊奴
300:辽圣宗
286:遼聖宗
25:遼聖宗
1854::
1837:/
1833:→
1829:→
1825:→
1821:→
1817:/
1813:/
1809:/
1805:→
1801:→
1797:→
1793:→
1789:/
1785:→
1781:/
1777:→
1773:→
1769:→
1765:→
1761:→
1757:→
1531:.
1497:.
1477:^
561:.
479:,
1701:遼
1627:e
1620:t
1613:v
1507:.
1431:.
1418:.
1409:.
737:)
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